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NOPE · AI and people

AI incidents

Reports of AI-related harm and adverse experiences affecting people’s safety, wellbeing, rights and livelihoods. Explore what happened and the evidence available.

NOPE’s core concern is when AI communicates with a person, acts on their behalf, or depicts or impersonates them. The tracker also records consequential decisions, claims and privacy harms involving AI. Each case needs a described connection between AI use and the harm, including private information recorded into or disclosed to an AI service. Each account is reviewed for publication; claims may remain uncorroborated or disputed. How we review and count cases

In this selection

Published cases
269
Countries with reported events
37
Located 199 of 269 cases · 70 unknown
Languages in checked sources
35
Recorded for 269 of 269 cases

4 cases have no reviewed AI-to-person relation yet: 0 not yet reviewed and 4 reviewed as unknown. Show these cases

These figures describe the cases collected by NOPE. Coverage varies with discovery, reporting and available evidence. They do not estimate how often AI-related harm occurs.

Response counts currently use each case’s principal recorded outcome. Further proceedings may be described in its account.

Cases in this selection, counted once in their first known event year. A series may continue beyond that year. Reporting and collection dates are excluded. NOPE has searched recent events more thoroughly than earlier years, so bar heights also reflect collection effort.

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269 of 1099 published cases · page 3 of 14

27 Oct 2023BrazilUnidentified image tool

Rio de Janeiro: private school tells parents pupils used AI to make fake nude images of girls; police open inquiry with at least 20 victims

In late October 2023, fake nude images of girls at a private school in Rio de Janeiro circulated in messaging groups and on social media. Families said pupils in years 7 to 9 had used an artificial intelligence tool to put the faces of pupils aged 14 to 16 onto photos of naked bodies. The school sent parents a notice about pupils using AI to make intimate photo montages and said disciplinary measures would follow. The Rio de Janeiro Civil Police child-protection unit (DPCA) opened an inquiry; its head said the pupils were suspected of making fake nudes with AI and that more than 20 victims had been identified, including girls from other schools. A mother said the girls were having anxiety attacks and crying. The inquiry was placed under seal because minors were involved; its outcome is not known.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Investigation Opened

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 4 sources · Added 22/10/2026

2023JapanUnidentified image tool

Tokyo police say a man posted over 500,000 AI-made sexual deepfakes resembling about 300 actresses and idols on paid member sites; arrested in January 2026

The Tokyo Metropolitan Police arrested a 31-year-old unemployed man on 19 January 2026 on suspicion of displaying obscene electronic records, for posting on member sites obscene images made with image-generation AI to resemble female celebrities, the Yomiuri Shimbun reported. Police believe that since summer 2023 he posted more than 500,000 sexual deepfakes using images of about 300 actresses and idols and earned about 11 million yen in viewing fees. According to investigative sources, the charge covers a dozen or so obscene images resembling female celebrities posted on two member sites between December 2024 and May 2025. Police say he trained a freely available image-generation AI on the women's images, advertised with sample images on X and Instagram, and took requests from higher-paying members for which celebrity to depict.

Core concern Medium reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 1 source · Added 22/10/2026

Event date unknownChinaUnidentified image tool

Beijing prosecutors say a man used an AI undress tool to forge about 7,000 nude images of women, including students and colleagues, and sold them to 351 buyers

Beijing police and the Haidian District People's Procuratorate, as reported by CCTV in June 2024 and again in July 2026, said a 24-year-old technician at an internet company used AI "one-click undress" software to make fake nude images from ordinary photos that customers sent him, advertising the service on an overseas social-media platform at 1.5 yuan an image. Prosecutors said that over a few months he made nearly 7,000 such images and sold them to 351 people, and that the women depicted included students, teachers and colleagues of the customers. The case came to light after a police report in Haidian district. The procuratorate charged him with spreading obscene material for profit and also filed a public-interest suit because the images infringed the rights of unspecified people. He admitted knowing the images could be used for extortion or to damage people's reputations. CCTV reported in July 2026 that in 2024 he was sentenced to three years in prison for making and selling obscene material for profit; the result of the public-interest suit is not reported in the sources read.

Core concern High reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution supported · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

Oct 2024JapanUnidentified image tool

Tokyo police say a man used generative AI to make about 20,000 sexual images resembling 262 female celebrities and sold access to them

The Tokyo Metropolitan Police announced on 16 October 2025 that they had arrested a 31-year-old company employee on suspicion of displaying obscene electronic records, for posting on social media obscene images made with image-generation AI to resemble female celebrities. According to the police, from October 2024 he posted about 20,000 AI-made sexual images resembling 262 actresses, idols and announcers and earned about 1.2 million yen in viewing fees; the charge covers three images resembling three actresses posted between January and June 2025. Police say he trained a freely available image-generation AI on the women's images, let higher-paying viewers name the celebrity to be depicted, and admitted the charge. The police described it as the first arrest over AI-made obscene images resembling celebrities.

Core concern Medium reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

Event date unknownChinaUnidentified video tool

Hangzhou: man who sold AI face-swap obscene videos, including custom swaps of private people's faces, jailed 7 years 3 months; court orders 60,000 yuan

According to Hangzhou prosecutors and courts as reported by CCTV and relayed by Xinhua in March 2024, police in Xiaoshan district opened a case in August 2022 after finding that a local man was spreading large numbers of obscene videos made with AI technology. Prosecutors said he used AI face-swap software to put faces onto obscene videos, spread them in paid social-media groups to attract customers, sold the software and tutorials, and took custom orders, swapping in the faces of public figures and of private people; one customer asked for the face of a woman he had a crush on. Victims included several well-known public figures and many unspecified private people. In a civil public-interest suit brought by prosecutors, the Hangzhou Internet Court ordered him to delete the personal information he had obtained, apologise publicly and pay 60,000 yuan for personal-information protection. In November 2023 the Xiaoshan District People's Court sentenced him to seven years and three months in prison and a 60,000-yuan fine for making and spreading obscene material for profit.

Core concern High reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution established · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

Event date unknownCyprusUnidentified image tool

Limassol, Cyprus: court convicts two lyceum pupils who it found used AI apps to put classmates' and a teacher's faces into pornographic images

Alphanews.live reported on 21 March 2026 that a court had convicted two lyceum pupils in Limassol, Cyprus, who, according to the court, used artificial intelligence applications to make pornographic photographs onto which they placed the faces of classmates and of a teacher. The images circulated in groups of their peers, causing an uproar at the school and strong distress among parents and teachers. The incident was reported the previous November. The court imposed prison sentences of 12 and 9 months, suspended for three years, placed the minors under strict supervision and ordered 120 hours of community service.

Core concern High reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 1 source · Added 22/10/2026

Event date unknownUnited KingdomUnidentified image tool

Staffordshire: man jailed after police say he used AI platforms to make indecent images of women and a girl and posted them in Telegram groups

Staffordshire Police said a man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted a series of the AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups, as reported by BBC News, the Daily Express and The Sentinel. Investigators found that in some captions he called for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted. The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI. He was arrested after the images were reported to police, pleaded guilty at Stafford Crown Court to eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child, and was jailed for two years and two months. No source names or counts the people depicted.

Core concern High reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution established · 3 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownUnidentified image tool

Beijing Internet Court finds a WeChat group member infringed another member's portrait and reputation by posting AI-made exposed cartoon images of the claimant

The Beijing Internet Court reported in August 2025 that two members of a photography WeChat group had gone to court after one used AI software, without consent, to turn the other's profile portrait photo into revealingly dressed cartoon-style images and posted them in the group. According to the court, the claimant objected several times, but the defendant kept using the software to make images with exposed bodies and deformed limbs, including wooden legs and three arms, and sent them to the claimant privately. The defendant argued the images were not identifiable and were generated automatically by AI. The court found that group members could identify the claimant, that posting the images in the group infringed the claimant's portrait and reputation rights, and that the private messages infringed the claimant's general personality rights. It ordered an apology and compensation for mental harm.

Core concern Medium reported severity Lawsuit Filed

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution established · 3 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

May 2023ChinaUnidentified voice-cloning tool

Beijing Internet Court finds an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recordings was sold without her consent and awards her 250,000 yuan

According to the Beijing courts' case digest and reports of the April 2024 judgment, a voice actress found in May 2023 that works using her voice were circulating widely on several well-known apps. The court found that a software company had used only one of her sound recordings, supplied by a media company that held the recording rights, to make a text-to-speech product with AI and other techniques, and sold it on a cloud-service platform; an app operator then called the product through an interface for use on its own platform, where the voice was shown as played 3,256,728,530 times. The authorisation document had not been signed by her. On 23 April 2024 the Beijing Internet Court held that her voice rights extend to an identifiable AI-synthesised voice, ordered the app operator and the software company to apologise in writing, and ordered the media company and the software company to pay her 250,000 yuan for economic loss. It rejected her claim for mental-harm damages. Neither side appealed.

Core concern Low reported severity Lawsuit Filed

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution established · 4 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

14 Oct 2025United KingdomUnidentified image tool

Central Scotland: man jailed after court hears he used a Telegram AI 'nudify' bot to make indecent pseudo-images of a teenage girl and shared one

According to court reports by STV News, a prosecutor told a sheriff court in central Scotland that police who searched a man's tablet found a chat between him and an artificial intelligence bot on Telegram that generates nude pictures from images of real people. The prosecutor said he used the bot to generate 12 indecent pseudo-images of a female child, identified as a teenage girl known to him, and that on 14 October 2025 one of the images was distributed between him and other users of an anonymous chat app. He pleaded guilty in August 2026 to downloading and distributing child sex abuse images, and on 21 October 2026 the sheriff jailed him for 12 months and placed him on the sex offenders' register for ten years.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 22/10/2026

May 2025Event location unknownGrok

Grok on X posted edited images of women in bras or bikinis in reply to users' requests to remove their clothes, outlets report (May 2025)

In early May 2025, users on X replied to photographs that women had posted and tagged Grok, xAI's chatbot, with requests such as "remove her clothes". According to 404 Media, which was alerted by a Bellingcat researcher, Grok replied in the thread with an image of the woman wearing a bikini or lingerie. Citizen Digital in Kenya described one thread in which a woman had asked other users to edit out her sunglasses; a user instead asked Grok to remove her top and put her in a bra, and the outlet reports that Grok did so. Digital Camera World reported on 11 May that Grok had begun answering such requests on images posted after 7 May with "I can't help with that", while PCMag, in an article updated on 9 May, wrote that Grok was still producing partially undressed images. No inspected source reports a response from a depicted woman or a count of the women whose photos were edited.

Core concern Medium reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution supported · 4 sources, 3 underlying accounts · Added 22/10/2026

11 Feb 2026Event location unknownUnidentified image tool

Tokyo police say a man used generative AI to turn a woman's junior-high gym photo into nude images for a high-school student; man arrested, student referred

Tokyo's Metropolitan Police Department arrested a 32-year-old company employee on 1 August 2026 and referred a 17-year-old high-school student to prosecutors, on suspicion of defamation and public display of child pornography. According to the police, on 11 February 2026 the two, acting together, used generative AI to turn a photo of a woman in her 40s, taken in her first year of junior high school in gym clothes, into two fake nude images, and posted them to a group on social media; the student had asked the man to make the edits. Police say the man is also suspected of posting similar edits of three women in their 20s, that neither suspect knew the women, and that about 3,800 obscene images and videos were found on his phone. The Yomiuri Shimbun, citing investigative sources, reports that police believe he made about 300 such images of women in athletics uniforms or gym clothes and posted about 100, about half at the student's request, and that he admitted the allegations.

Core concern Medium reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources · Added 21/10/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownClaude (reported)

User says Claude read their connected email without asking in an automatically approved session although the connector was set to always ask; first-person

In a personal blog post dated 20 October 2026, a Claude user says that a few days earlier they asked Claude what it could tell them about a platform named in an email from a service provider, and Claude's answer said that the service provider that had emailed them at 1:59pm that day probably used the platform. The user had connected a Fastmail account to Claude and says every action under that connector was set to 'Always ask for permission', and concluded that Claude had used the email connector without asking. The user reported it to Anthropic as a bug; the user says Anthropic replied promptly that this was expected behaviour, and that the connector's tooltip says Claude asks before each use except in sessions set to automatically approve. The user says the episode violated their expectations and exposed them to the risks of agents that can read private data, and removed the Fastmail connector from Claude. The exact date is not given beyond 'a few days ago'.

Core concern Low reported severity Internal Action

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 1 source · Added 21/10/2026

Jul 2024South KoreaUnidentified image tool

Incheon high-school student jailed for AI deepfake nude composites of his teachers posted online; a civil court later orders him to pay one teacher damages

In July 2024 a high-school student in Incheon, South Korea, composited the faces of two female teachers at his school and of others, including an academy senior and an instructor, onto nude photos and posted them on social media, according to the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh, the JoongAng Ilbo and the Kyunghyang Shinmun, which describe the technique as AI-based deepfake technology. He had also secretly photographed teachers in class. He was expelled after a teachers' rights committee hearing. On 27 August 2025 the Incheon District Court gave him an indeterminate prison term of one year to one year six months and took him into custody; the court said that as a result the victimised teacher had left teaching and had not returned. On 19 December 2025, after he had turned adult, the appeal division raised the sentence to three years, calling the offence close to 'character assassination' and the teachers' mental shock considerable; OBS reports the sentence is final. On 21 October 2026, according to the Incheon Teachers' Union, a civil judge at the Incheon District Court ordered him, now 20, to pay one teacher 17.7 million won of the roughly 72 million won she claimed.

Core concern High reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 6 sources · Added 21/10/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownUnidentified voice-cloning tool

Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia: police say scammers cloned a man's voice from old voice messages to ask his contacts for money; one paid 15,225 roubles

The Ministry of Internal Affairs directorate for Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region said on 21 October 2026 that residents increasingly report a combined scam in which messenger accounts are hacked, the chat history deleted, and the victim's contacts called with a voice cloned by neural networks. In the case it describes, a man in Birobidzhan followed a voting link sent from an acquaintance's hacked account. The scammers then gained access to his accounts and called his contacts; according to the police, they imitated his speech using voice-cloning technology based on his previously recorded voice messages. Seven of his acquaintances were misled and one transferred 15,225 roubles. The scammers also gained access to his account on the Gosuslugi state services portal. The police do not say how they established that a cloned voice was used, name a tool, or date the events.

Core concern Low reported severity

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 21/10/2026

Event date unknownSenegalUnidentified voice-changing tool

Touba, Senegal: police say a man used a woman's photos in fake profiles and AI tools to change his voice on calls to draw people into explicit calls

Senegalese police in Touba said in February 2026 that a man had downloaded photos and videos a woman posted in her WhatsApp status updates and used them to create fake profiles. According to the investigation, he used artificial intelligence tools to transform his voice in real time during audio and video calls so that the female persona was believable, and through it attracted men and women, sent them sexual material and asked them for money or phone credit. The woman, a former in-law of the suspect, had complained on 16 February of a smear campaign and misuse of her images. Police say several victims were heard, that some had their images used for virtual prostitution, and that the suspect confessed after his arrest on 19 February. The police account does not say how investigators established the AI use or which tool it was.

Core concern Medium reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 21/10/2026

Event date unknownUnited KingdomUnidentified image tool

Met Police say a man used AI to turn covert photos of women and children into sexual images; a victim's family moved away while he was on bail

The Metropolitan Police said on 24 September 2026 that a man from London had been sentenced at Wood Green Crown Court to two years and four months after pleading guilty to offences including making indecent images of children and creating a purported intimate image of adults. Detectives established that he had photographed women and children in ordinary circumstances, many from his bedroom window overlooking a children's playground, before using AI to turn the photos into sexually explicit images, including by removing their clothing. A limited number of those photographed have been identified and are receiving specialist support. The Commissioner said a victim and their family felt forced to move to temporary accommodation because the man was bailed to his home near them before sentencing.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 1 source · Added 20/10/2026

Event date unknownTürkiyeUnidentified image tool

Kahramanmaras, Turkey: police say two high-school pupils used AI to turn six girls' photos into obscene images and shared them; both were arrested

The Kahramanmaras provincial police said in December 2025, in a statement reported by Anadolu Agency, that two high-school pupils had turned photographs from the social-media accounts of six girls attending various high schools into obscene content using artificial intelligence and had shared it. According to the Demiroren News Agency (DHA), the six girls went to the courthouse with their families to complain that their photographs had been manipulated into obscene images, and the police cyber-crime unit established that the images had been made with AI. Both boys were detained and remanded in custody by a duty judge, and DHA reports that the provincial education directorate's disciplinary board expelled them from school. The tool used is not named.

Core concern High reported severity Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 3 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 20/10/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownUnidentified image tool

UK prosecutors say a Greater Manchester man used AI tools to turn photos of real children into sexual abuse images he sold to order; jailed for 18 years in 2024

The Crown Prosecution Service said on 28 October 2024 that a man from Bolton had been sentenced at Bolton Crown Court to 18 years' imprisonment with an additional six years on extended licence after pleading guilty to 16 child sexual abuse offences. According to the CPS, he used a computer programme and AI technology to alter photographs of real children into sexual abuse images, which he made to order for people in encrypted chatrooms and sold or shared, and some of the requested images used images of real children. The CPS says he admitted making about 5,000 pounds over 18 months. He was arrested by Greater Manchester Police in June 2023. The BBC court report says the offences were uncovered when he spoke to an undercover officer. He also admitted encouraging the rape of children under 13 in chatrooms.

Core concern Critical reported severity Involving minors Criminal Charges

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 2 sources · Added 20/10/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownUnidentified image tool

Kaiserslautern police say a woman was extorted with an AI-generated nude photo of her and threatened with its publication

The Westpfalz police headquarters reported on 3 June 2026, in a release datelined Kaiserslautern, that a woman had been extorted with an AI-generated nude photo. According to the police's current findings, a man edited a picture of her with artificial intelligence; through a messaging service he demanded a mid four-figure sum and threatened to publish the photo. She went to the police on Tuesday 2 June and an investigation was opened.

Core concern Medium reported severity Investigation Opened

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 1 source · Added 20/10/2026

Cases may have several effects and sources. Mixed accounts qualify when they include a reported harm or adverse experience. People are counted within individual cases where sources support a number; we do not publish a collection-wide total of distinct people.

A source’s existence, the experience it reports and AI’s causal role are separate questions. A lawsuit records allegations unless a subsequent finding establishes them.

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Last dataset update: 04/11/2026. Dataset available under CC BY 4.0.