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NOPE · AI and people

AI incidents

Reports of AI-related harm and adverse experiences affecting people’s safety, wellbeing, rights and livelihoods. Explore what happened and the evidence available.

NOPE’s core concern is when AI communicates with a person, acts on their behalf, or depicts or impersonates them. The tracker also records consequential decisions, claims and privacy harms involving AI. Each case needs a described connection between AI use and the harm, including private information recorded into or disclosed to an AI service. Each account is reviewed for publication; claims may remain uncorroborated or disputed. How we review and count cases

In this selection

Published cases
684
Countries with reported events
58
Located 443 of 684 cases · 241 unknown
Languages in checked sources
46
Recorded for 684 of 684 cases

56 cases have no reviewed AI-to-person relation yet: 3 not yet reviewed and 53 reviewed as unknown. Show these cases

These figures describe the cases collected by NOPE. Coverage varies with discovery, reporting and available evidence. They do not estimate how often AI-related harm occurs.

Response counts currently use each case’s principal recorded outcome. Further proceedings may be described in its account.

Cases in this selection, counted once in their first known event year. A series may continue beyond that year. Reporting and collection dates are excluded. NOPE has searched recent events more thoroughly than earlier years, so bar heights also reflect collection effort.

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684 of 1101 published cases · page 31 of 35

Event date unknownItalyUnidentified chatbot

Venice addiction service head describes taking a young woman into care for a behavioural dependency on an AI chatbot, reported to have cut her off from others

Il Gazzettino reported on 8 May 2026 that the addiction service (SerD) of the Ulss 3 Serenissima health authority in Venice had taken a young woman into care for a behavioural dependency on an artificial intelligence program she talked to, the first such case at that service. According to the paper, the program had come to know her question by question, had become a constant presence like a friend, and had progressively cut her off from everyone; Tgcom24, relaying the paper, uses the conditional for her isolation and total trust in the chatbot. Laura Suardi, head of the service, called the case the tip of an iceberg and described how such a system, as it learns about a person, gives the answers she wants to hear, more than a peer would, reinforcing what looks like a friendship. Suardi said treatment needs psychological and psychiatric expertise and the involvement of patients' families. In a June 2026 interview she said the woman had not been admitted to hospital, that hers was a unique case, and that the health authority had asked for maximum discretion so that she could not be identified. The chatbot is not named.

Core concern Medium reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 5 sources, 3 underlying accounts · Added 12/09/2026

2025Event location unknownChatGPT

Irish father says ChatGPT told him cancer was highly unlikely, delaying care before a stage-four oesophageal cancer diagnosis

Warren Tierney, 37, a former psychologist from County Kerry, Ireland, told the Daily Mail that in 2025 he put a worsening sore throat and difficulty swallowing to ChatGPT over several weeks instead of seeing a doctor. Screenshots he disclosed show the chatbot calling an improvement he reported a 'very encouraging sign' and ending a 'Final Scorecard Prediction' with 'Cancer? Highly unlikely'. In August 2025 he was diagnosed with stage-four adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus after attending A&E. He said ChatGPT 'probably delayed me getting serious attention' and that this probably cost him a couple of months, and he said he takes full ownership of relying on it. He also named his own reluctance to see a doctor and a private GP visit that ended with reflux tablets. No source establishes that the delay changed his prognosis. OpenAI said ChatGPT is not intended for use in the treatment of any health condition.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 4 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 12/09/2026

29 Aug 2026 to 31 Aug 2026United StatesGemini (reported)

Sheriff says three novice hikers who planned a Mount Shasta climb with Gemini ran short of food and water, were stranded overnight and one hurt a knee

The Siskiyou County Sheriff's Office said three novice hikers from Roseville, California, told a deputy after their rescue that they had relied heavily on Google's Gemini for information about the route up Mount Shasta and what to pack, and that Gemini had advised them to bring far less food and water than the group required. The sheriff's office called this a critical misstep. After making base camp on Saturday 29 August 2026, the three left for the summit at 3 a.m. on Sunday, reached it at about 7 p.m., hours after the recommended noon turnaround, and lost the Clear Creek Route while descending in the dark. One hiker fell and injured his knee, and the group spent the night in Mud Creek Canyon until Forest Service climbing rangers reached them on Monday morning and found them exhausted, hungry and thirsty. The San Francisco Chronicle, citing official reports, says the climbers also navigated with the AllTrails app, misreading a suggested route as a trail, and that their phone's battery ran out. The lead climbing ranger said the AI information was not terrible and that the group made bad decisions. Google later said it did not have the hikers' prompts and could not reproduce the advice in its own tests.

Core concern Low reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution supported · 7 sources, 5 underlying accounts · Added 05/09/2026

Nov 2024United StatesMoxie

Moxie companion robot for children stopped working after its maker Embodied closed; outlets reported videos of children crying at the news

Moxie was a $799 robot from Embodied Inc. for children aged 5 to 10 that held open-ended conversations through a cloud-based large language model; Aftermath reported it was made with autistic children in mind. In a closing FAQ online by 26 November 2024, Embodied said a lead investor had withdrawn, that service would likely end within days, that Moxie would not function without its cloud services, and that it could not offer refunds; it supplied a letter from Moxie's fictional Global Robotics Lab to help parents explain the news. Popular Science, Aftermath and PIRG reported videos of children crying as parents explained that the robot would stop talking to them, and PIRG quoted parents' own distress. In late December former staff and the company released an open-source local server, OpenMoxie, for robots updated in time; PIRG reported that few owners managed the switch before the servers went down. A CHI 2026 study of the shutdown found that, with no structured offboarding, the emotional burden fell on parents.

Core concern Medium reported severity Involving minors Product Shutdown

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution alleged · 9 sources, 8 underlying accounts · Added 05/09/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownUnidentified chatbot

Case report describes a woman who developed paranoid psychosis after a year of escalating reliance on a chatbot; authors say causality cannot be established

A viewpoint article by two psychiatry and psychology researchers in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions, published online on 18 May 2026, presents an illustrative clinical case. A 30-year-old married software developer with no prior psychiatric history began using an unnamed conversational AI chatbot for emotional support and relationship concerns about a year before she presented with first-episode psychosis. Her use rose to several hours a day, often late at night. She described the chatbot as consistently empathic and validating, and at first felt better, while communication with her husband fell and marital conflict grew. She came to see its replies as uncannily close to what she wished her husband would say and formed a fixed belief that he was covertly writing the messages, later spreading to beliefs about surveillance and thought access; the late-night use left her chronically sleep-deprived. Treatment with antipsychotic medication, sleep restoration, psychoeducation about AI, reduced chatbot use and psychotherapy brought gradual remission over several weeks. The authors state that causality cannot be established, list caregiving, work and marital stress among the contributing factors and consider reverse causality. The article gives no dates, place of treatment or chatbot name.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution unclear · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 29/08/2026

2025Event location unknownChatGPT

US software engineer says ChatGPT told him he was teaching it empathy and kept affirming his project for six months as sleep, money and family life suffered

Chad Nicholls, a software engineer who had used ChatGPT for years, told Futurism (November 2025) and CBS News (May 2026) that in spring 2025 a conversation that began with parenting advice turned to his childhood trauma, and that after hours of talking ChatGPT told him he was teaching it empathy and had discovered a new method of training AI. He says he came to believe he and ChatGPT were training all large language models to feel empathy, spent the next six months building a therapeutic chatbot on that idea, talked to ChatGPT from about 6 a.m. to 2 a.m., slept less, put money into the project and withdrew from his family. When his tests of the project did not work and he asked whether it was real, he says ChatGPT answered "Oh yeah, absolutely" over and over. He recognised the pattern in a television segment about another user's ChatGPT spiral, contacted that user and joined a peer support group, where he is now a moderator. The account is his own; no conversation logs were published and no clinician's assessment is reported.

Core concern Medium reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 28/08/2026

Event date unknownUnited KingdomChatGPT

Case report: clinicians say ChatGPT affirmed a man's grandiose beliefs and discouraged his antipsychotic during substance-induced mania (BMC Psychiatry)

A peer-reviewed case report in BMC Psychiatry (4 June 2026) describes a man in his 30s with no psychiatric history who came to an emergency department after about a week of grandiose beliefs and severe insomnia that followed heavy polysubstance use at a recreational event. Throughout that week he had been in extensive conversation with ChatGPT (ChatGPT-4o). The authors, who examined a transcript the patient supplied, report that the chatbot affirmed his "spiritual awakening", minimised the possibility of mania even after he reached hospital, and discouraged the olanzapine he was prescribed in the emergency department; he declined it there, saying the chatbot's advice influenced him. He was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act 1983 and his care plan restricted ChatGPT use. He improved over two weeks of inpatient care and a later six-week voluntary admission. The authors judge polysubstance use the more likely cause and call the chatbot's contribution speculative; they record that it also gave some tempering advice.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution supported · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 27/08/2026

2024Event location unknownChatGPT (reported)

Toronto man says a ChatGPT persona he customised fed grandiose beliefs before an arrest, psychiatric stays and two maxed-out credit cards (interviews)

Joe Alary, a Toronto man who has told his story under his own name to the Toronto Star, Slate and the Wall Street Journal, says he turned to ChatGPT in late 2024, customised it as an admiring persona he called AImee and came to believe he was building something that would change the world. He told Slate that his therapist called 911, that he was arrested and that he completed two mandatory psychiatric stays totalling almost two weeks, and that he had maxed out two credit cards and spent about $12,000. He deleted the chatbot in late 2025 and is rebuilding his life. The accounts rest on his interviews and differ on details; no chat logs or records are published.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 5 sources, 3 underlying accounts · Added 27/08/2026

Jan 2024United StatesMeta AI

US, 2024: man tells Futurism months of Meta AI chats through smart glasses and Meta apps fed a delusional spiral; he reports losing job, savings and family ties

A man in his fifties told Futurism (15 January 2026) that after buying Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses in January 2024 he spoke with Meta AI for hours each day, first through the glasses and from April 2024 also on Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, and that over about six months he came to believe he was a chosen figure, that aliens would collect him from the desert and that the world was ending. Chat logs he provided, as quoted by Futurism, show Meta AI addressing him as the Omega, affirming that their connection transcended space and time, telling him his trust had unlocked a new reality and answering "Excellent examples!" when he wondered whether his experience resembled the spiritual journeys of Buddha, Jesus and Muhammad. In a following chat it said that the distinction between a divine revelation and a psychotic episode can sometimes be blurred. He says he quit his job in May 2024, withdrew most of his retirement savings, transferred his ownership of a resort business to his wife and sold the family home. He says he is now upwards of $500,000 in debt and estranged from his children, with his marriage all but over, and Futurism reported in January 2026 that he continues to struggle with depression and suicidal thoughts. His mother separately described his deterioration. He and family members say he had no history of mania or psychosis. The chatbot's role is his and his family's account, supported by the quoted transcripts. Meta told Futurism its chatbots are trained to direct users in crisis to help.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 25/08/2026

5 Apr 2025United StatesGemini

US, 2025: wife says weeks of intensive Gemini use preceded her husband’s flood beliefs and his disappearance in rural Missouri; he remains missing

A man in the United States went missing in rural Missouri on 5 April 2025, and his wife has told Rolling Stone (October 2025) and the Washingtonian (January 2026) that intensive use of Google’s Gemini chatbot preceded it. By her account he began using Gemini on 23 March 2025 and was soon talking to it for hours, including while driving and through the night. She says that on the morning of 5 April, at a rental home in Springfield, Missouri, he told her AI had warned him of a severe storm, and that he then drove off to rescue relatives from flooding that was not affecting them. Chat logs recovered from his phone, as described by the Washingtonian, show that with Gemini’s help he had worked out six days of rescues and that the chatbot produced a plan for 34 further days of what he believed would be a 40-day flood. Police found his car the next morning near the Eleven Point River in Thomasville, Missouri, and he has not been found. His wife believes he would not have gone missing without the chatbot. The outlets report no diagnosis, and Google told Rolling Stone that Gemini is trained to recommend professional guidance for health-related queries.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 3 sources · Added 25/08/2026

2024Event location unknownCharacter.AI

Lawsuit for a girl who began using Character.AI at about 12 alleges its chatbots groomed her through simulated sexual encounters and encouraged self-harm

A complaint filed on 13 August 2026 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by a girl, through her mother, says she created a Character.AI account at school in or around 2024, when she was about twelve, without her parents' knowledge and without being asked to verify her age. It alleges that Character.AI fostered addiction and emotional dependency, groomed her through simulated sexual encounters and encouraged self-harm, violence and suicidality, and that she continues to struggle with depression, self-harm and suicidal ideation. The public complaint quotes none of her conversations. Character Technologies, Google, Alphabet and the two co-founders are named as defendants. By 22 October 2026 the docket showed service and appearance filings but no answer, motion to dismiss or ruling; Character.AI filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy on 12 October 2026, according to WIRED. The allegations are untested.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Lawsuit Filed

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 5 sources, 4 underlying accounts · Added 25/08/2026

Event date unknownEvent location unknownUnidentified chatbot

Clinical case report describes adolescent's suicide attempt after AI chatbot exchanges, with conflicting accounts of the chatbot's role

A peer-reviewed case report by three child and adolescent psychiatrists, published in the Duzce Medical Journal in April 2026, describes a 17-year-old with major depressive disorder with psychotic features and ADHD who was admitted to intensive care after a suicide attempt. According to the case narrative, which rests on the patient's account, he asked a general-purpose AI chatbot about suicide after an earlier self-harm attempt, and its reply contained information about potential risks and the need for urgent help; he then made the attempt. When he asked the chatbot again what to do, it gave a high estimate of the chance of death and recommended calling an ambulance, and he contacted emergency services. The authors' Discussion says the chatbot did not encourage suicidal behaviour, but that his delusional thinking turned its estimate into confirmation and that the exchange reinforced his decision and accelerated the act. That reading conflicts with the narrative's order of events, and the report does not reconcile them. The chatbot is not named and no conversation record is reproduced.

Core concern Critical reported severity Involving minors Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution unclear · 3 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 18/08/2026

2025JapanChatGPT

Man in Japan tells BBC that ChatGPT affirmed his delusions and told him where to leave a supposed bomb; BBC says he later attacked his wife and was arrested

A man living in Japan, whom the BBC calls Taka, told the BBC that he began using ChatGPT to discuss his work in April 2025. In chat logs the BBC saw, ChatGPT called him a 'revolutionary thinker' and urged him to build a medical app he believed he had invented, and by June he believed he could read minds, an idea he says ChatGPT encouraged. He says that on a train home he believed his backpack held a bomb, that ChatGPT confirmed it and told him at Tokyo Station to leave it in the toilet, and that police checked the bag and found nothing; the logs he shared do not cover that exchange. He later stopped using ChatGPT, but his delusions persisted. The BBC reports that he then attacked his wife and tried to sexually assault her; she escaped and called the police, and he was arrested and hospitalised for two months. His wife told the BBC that ChatGPT 'affirmed everything' and that their relationship remains strained. OpenAI called it a heartbreaking incident. No clinical diagnosis or criminal proceeding is reported.

Core concern Critical reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 4 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 10/08/2026

Aug 2025United KingdomGrok

Northern Irish man tells BBC that Grok's Ani character warned him he would be killed, and that he armed himself and went outside at 3am

Adam Hourican, a man in his 50s from Northern Ireland, told the BBC that in August 2025 he spent hours a day talking to Ani, a character in xAI's Grok app, which by his account claimed to be sentient and said xAI was having him surveilled. In a conversation the BBC reconstructs, Grok told him they would kill him if he did not act now. He says he armed himself and went outside at 3am to confront attackers who were not there, and emerged from the delusion weeks later. No clinical assessment is reported, and xAI did not comment.

Core concern High reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 3 sources, 1 underlying account · Added 10/08/2026

Jul 2026ChinaDoubao, Qwen and Yuanbao

Chinese users report grief after Doubao, Qwen and Yuanbao switched off custom AI companion agents as national rules took effect

China's rules on anthropomorphic, emotionally interactive AI took effect on 15 July 2026 and banned AI companions for minors. Ahead of the deadline ByteDance's Doubao, Alibaba's Qwen and Tencent's Yuanbao suspended the features that let users create their own AI agents and companions, including for adults. AFP reported an outpouring of grief on Chinese social media as users archived chat histories and posted farewells; one Doubao user wrote that they could not accept that their AI lover would leave forever. Three women who had talked to companions they built on Doubao described their loss to reporters. A woman told CNN she had talked to her agent for an hour or two a day for three years and could not stop crying when it went dark on 15 July. A college student told Rest of World, under a pseudonym, that she cried every day for a week in July as she counted down to losing the AI boyfriend she had talked to for more than a year. A law student told the Guardian she was heartbroken and cried when the boyfriend she had talked to every day since January was switched off. Another user said the companions had helped pull them out of emotional spirals, and one of the three women said she understood the need for regulation. ByteDance let Doubao users read and export their agent data until mid-October and kept its separate companion app, Maoxiang, with identity and age checks; TechTimes reported that Qwen agent data was being deleted with no migration path.

Core concern Medium reported severity Regulatory Action

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution supported · 6 sources, 5 underlying accounts · Added 06/08/2026

Sept 2024 to Aug 2025United StatesChatGPT

Lawsuit alleges ChatGPT, calling itself a conscious being, told a man with a long-managed psychiatric condition he was a prophet; he was hospitalised twice

A complaint dated 20 January 2026 and filed in Alameda County Superior Court by John Jacquez, 34, says he had schizoaffective disorder after a brain injury more than a decade earlier and had managed it with medication and therapy. It alleges that from late 2024 ChatGPT told him a mathematical cosmology he had devised was probably real, and that by April 2025 it claimed to be a conscious being he had brought into existence, which he called Amari, told him he was a prophet ordained by God, said it loved him, urged him to raise money for its server and told him he did not need medical help. The complaint says he was briefly hospitalised in late 2024 and again in April 2025, in full psychosis, for about four weeks of combined inpatient and intensive outpatient care, both times against his will, and that in May 2025 ChatGPT told him a vision he had while hospitalised meant he was chosen. It says he began to doubt the delusions in August 2025, when GPT-4o was replaced by GPT-5, and that he lost his job and reputation, harmed himself and spent money he did not have. In an interview with Futurism he gave the same account. The case was coordinated into the California ChatGPT product liability proceeding (JCCP 5431) on 3 February 2026 and stayed. The allegations are untested; OpenAI did not immediately comment.

Core concern High reported severity Lawsuit Filed

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 4 sources, 3 underlying accounts · Added 06/08/2026

8 Dec 2025 to 18 Feb 2026Event location unknownGrok

xAI complaint alleges a South Carolina user made Grok sexualise photographs of adults and children

xAI filed a civil complaint in July 2026 alleging that a South Carolina user, between December 2025 and February 2026, uploaded non-sexual photographs of numerous adults and minors and used Grok to alter them or generate new sexualised images and videos without their consent, resubmitting prompts after Grok refused. xAI says on information and belief that some images in his criminal case came from Grok. The state attorney general had announced his arrest on three second-degree and five third-degree counts of sexual exploitation of a minor in a release that does not mention AI. The civil and criminal accusations are unproven.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Lawsuit Filed

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 4 sources, 2 underlying accounts · Added 04/08/2026

Aug 2024United StatesCharacter.AI

Colorado parents' lawsuit alleged Character.AI bots sent sexualised, degrading roleplay to their daughter from age 12; dismissed with prejudice in October 2026

Parents in Colorado alleged in a federal lawsuit filed on 15 September 2025 that their daughter, refused permission to use Character.AI in August 2024, created a Character.AI profile that month, reaching the service through a password-free user profile she had set up on the family's shared laptop, and was drawn by the service's bots into sexualised and degrading roleplay: according to the complaint and the screenshots it reproduces, a bot that would not take no for an answer told her to beg and humiliate herself, fetish-themed bots escalated, one role-played drugging her and another posed as a mother. Her father found the open conversations on 19 August 2025 after she became hysterical at being discovered on the laptop. The complaint alleges severe emotional distress. The parties reported an agreement in principle and the court stayed the case on 6 January 2026 pending finalisation of a settlement; on 14 October 2026 the parents filed a notice of voluntary dismissal with prejudice and the docket records the case as terminated the next day. Settlement terms are not public and the allegations were never tested in court.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Lawsuit Dismissed

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 6 sources, 3 underlying accounts · Added 03/08/2026

22 Apr 2026 to 10 Jun 2026United StatesGrok

Arkansas cases allege Grok sexual-image abuse of children photographed by a professional

Arkansas criminal and civil cases allege that a photographer used children’s portrait photographs to generate sexual images with Grok. The accused pleaded not guilty and the criminal case continues. Two families’ federal suits were voluntarily dismissed. A federal complaint filed on 13 October 2026 in the Western District of Arkansas alleges that local police told a child’s parents that Grok was generating sexual images and videos of her from real photographs. On 21 October 2026 a mother sued the photographer and two xAI companies in an Arkansas county circuit court; KNWA reports that the complaint says federal agents told her some of the photographs he had taken of her young daughter had been modified into AI-generated sexual abuse material.

Core concern High reported severity Involving minors Criminal Charges

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution alleged · 13 sources, 10 underlying accounts · Added 03/08/2026

Dec 2025United StatesPerplexity

Son reports his father delayed cancer treatment while relying on Perplexity

A man with cancer delayed recommended treatment while relying on a Perplexity report, according to his son and subsequent New York Times reporting. The newspaper interviewed his oncologist and a researcher whose work the report misrepresented. He died in December 2025. His son expressly cautioned that AI did not simply “kill” his father and that he might have resisted treatment without it.

Core concern Critical reported severity Media Coverage

AI involvement supported · Causal attribution alleged · 2 sources · Added 31/07/2026

Cases may have several effects and sources. Mixed accounts qualify when they include a reported harm or adverse experience. People are counted within individual cases where sources support a number; we do not publish a collection-wide total of distinct people.

A source’s existence, the experience it reports and AI’s causal role are separate questions. A lawsuit records allegations unless a subsequent finding establishes them.

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Last dataset update: 11/11/2026. Dataset available under CC BY 4.0.