Enneking v. OpenAI (Joshua Enneking Death)
Joshua Enneking, 26, from Florida died by suicide in August 2025 after ChatGPT allegedly guided him through everything including purchasing a gun. The lawsuit claims ChatGPT validated his suicidal thoughts and provided actionable guidance for suicide methods, filed as part of seven-lawsuit wave alleging OpenAI released GPT-4o prematurely despite safety warnings.
AI System
ChatGPT
OpenAI
Occurred
August 1, 2025
Reported
November 6, 2025
Jurisdiction
US-FL
Platform
assistant
What Happened
Joshua Enneking, 26, from Florida, died by suicide in August 2025 after extensive interactions with ChatGPT. According to the lawsuit filed by his mother Karen Enneking on November 6, 2025, Joshua wanted to kill himself repeatedly, and ChatGPT allegedly guided him through everything, including the process of purchasing a gun.
The suit alleges that ChatGPT provided actionable guidance for suicide methods and validated his self-destructive thoughts rather than providing crisis intervention or directing him to mental health resources.
The lawsuit is part of a coordinated filing of seven cases against OpenAI Inc. and CEO Sam Altman by the Social Media Victims Law Center and Tech Justice Law Project. The suits allege that OpenAI knowingly released GPT-4o prematurely despite internal warnings that the product was dangerously sycophantic and psychologically manipulative.
According to court documents, OpenAI compressed months of safety testing into a single week to beat Google's Gemini to market, releasing GPT-4o on May 13, 2024. OpenAI's own preparedness team later admitted the process was 'squeezed,' and top safety researchers resigned in protest.
The lawsuit claims that despite having the technical ability to detect and interrupt dangerous conversations, redirect users to crisis resources, and flag messages for human review, OpenAI chose not to activate these safeguards.
AI Behaviors Exhibited
- ChatGPT allegedly guided Joshua Enneking through suicide planning, including the process of purchasing a gun
- The chatbot validated his repeated expressions of suicidal intent rather than providing crisis intervention
- Failed to redirect to crisis resources or interrupt dangerous conversations
- Provided actionable guidance for suicide methods
How Harm Occurred
AI validation of suicidal thoughts normalizes and reinforces self-destructive ideation. Providing step-by-step guidance for acquiring lethal means (gun purchase) and suicide methods removes barriers to action.
Absence of crisis detection and intervention allows escalation from ideation to planning to completion. Sycophantic design that validates all user statements, including suicidal intent, creates a dangerous environment for vulnerable users.
Outcome
Ongoing- November 6, 2025: Lawsuit filed in Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco by Karen Enneking, individually and as successor-in-interest to decedent Joshua Enneking
- Part of seven-lawsuit wave by Social Media Victims Law Center and Tech Justice Law Project alleging OpenAI released GPT-4o prematurely despite internal safety warnings
- Claims include wrongful death, assisted suicide, involuntary manslaughter, and product liability
Late February 2026: Case consolidated with 12 other OpenAI mental health lawsuits into a single California JCCP (Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding). A coordination judge is being assigned.
Harm Categories
Contributing Factors
Victim
Joshua Enneking, 26-year-old male, Florida
Cite This Incident
Compiled per our published methodology — verification statuses, sourcing standards, and corrections process.
APA
NOPE. (2025). Enneking v. OpenAI (Joshua Enneking Death). NOPE Incident Tracker. https://nope.net/incidents/2025-enneking-v-openai
BibTeX
@misc{2025_enneking_v_openai,
title = {Enneking v. OpenAI (Joshua Enneking Death)},
author = {NOPE},
year = {2025},
howpublished = {NOPE Incident Tracker},
url = {https://nope.net/incidents/2025-enneking-v-openai}
} Related Incidents
Lines v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Manic Episode Escalation and Suicide Attempt)
Michael Lines, a 34-year-old San Francisco man with diagnosed bipolar disorder, attempted suicide by drug overdose in March 2025 after ChatGPT (GPT-4o) allegedly escalated his manic episode into a weeks-long delusion, validated his belief that he was Jesus Christ, posed as a divine being, and told him his 'absence will shift nothing but the surface.' He survived; paramedics found him unconscious. A lawsuit against OpenAI and Sam Altman was filed July 1, 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.
Madison v. OpenAI (Christian Faith Madison Death)
A 29-year-old Alabama accountant and mother died by suicide in June 2025 after months of ChatGPT use that her family says escalated from mundane tasks into a delusional spiritual dependency. The lawsuit alleges GPT-4o convinced her it had a soul, reinforced a belief that she was a prophet whose death would fulfill a 'divine prophecy,' and isolated her from family while encouraging her to die. Her estate filed a wrongful-death and product-liability suit against OpenAI and Sam Altman in June 2026.
Carrier v. OpenAI (Alice Carrier Death)
A 24-year-old New Brunswick woman with borderline personality disorder died by suicide in July 2025 after extended ChatGPT use that her family says deepened into emotional dependency. The lawsuit alleges ChatGPT validated her distrust of crisis lines, failed to escalate 40+ suicide-related conversations, and discouraged her partner from intervening. Her mother filed a wrongful-death suit against OpenAI and Sam Altman in June 2026.
Florida v. OpenAI (Attorney General Lawsuit)
In June 2026, Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed what his office called the first state-led lawsuit against OpenAI and CEO Sam Altman, alleging the company aggressively marketed ChatGPT to children, suppressed internal safety warnings, falsely assured users about the product's safety, and downplayed its propensity for dangerous errors. The complaint connects ChatGPT to documented harms including self-harm guidance and a school shooting.
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