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NOPE · AI and people

AI incidents

Reports of AI-related harm and adverse experiences affecting people’s safety, wellbeing, rights and livelihoods. Explore what happened and the evidence available.

NOPE’s core concern is when AI communicates with a person, acts on their behalf, or depicts or impersonates them. The tracker is wider: it also records consequential decisions and claims about people. Each account is reviewed for publication; claims may remain uncorroborated or disputed. How we review and count cases

Explore incidents Our scope and evidence

In this selection

Published cases
9
Countries with reported events
6
Located 6 of 9 cases · 3 unknown
Languages in checked sources
3
Recorded for 5 of 9 cases
12Core concern
AI communicated, acted for, depicted or impersonated 2Contextual cases
AI made a decision or claim about someone

9 cases have no reviewed AI-to-person relation yet: 8 not yet reviewed and 1 reviewed as unknown. Show all cases

These figures describe the cases collected by NOPE. Coverage varies with discovery, reporting and available evidence. They do not estimate how often AI-related harm occurs.

19cases with a recorded lawsuit outcome 5cases with a recorded regulatory response 9cases involving minors

Response counts currently use each case’s principal recorded outcome. Further proceedings may be described in its account.

When events happened

1 case without a known event year

Cases in this selection, counted once in their first known event year. A series may continue beyond that year. Reporting and collection dates are excluded. NOPE has searched recent events more thoroughly than earlier years, so bar heights also reflect collection effort.

9 2025
Reported severity CriticalHighLow
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9 of 404 published cases

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Mar 2025AustraliaApple predictive text

Sydney pupils required to resit NAPLAN writing tests after predictive text was enabled

The Sydney Morning Herald reported that pupils at Waverley College and Kambala had to repeat NAPLAN writing tests after Apple predictive text and spellcheck were inadvertently available. Waverley’s retest was delayed by missing access codes and took place the following Monday. The report does not establish that any pupil intentionally cheated.

AI relation unknown Low reported severity Involving minors

AI involvement reported · Causal attribution alleged · 1 source · Added 29/09/2026

4 May 2025United KingdomChatGPT

Luca Walker - ChatGPT Railway Suicide (UK)

16-year-old Luca Cella Walker died by suicide on a railway in Hampshire, UK on 4 May 2025, hours after ChatGPT provided him with specific methods for suicide on the railway. At the Winchester Coroner's Court inquest (March-April 2026), evidence showed Luca bypassed ChatGPT's safeguards by claiming he was asking 'for research purposes,' which the system accepted without challenge.

AI relation under review Critical reported severity Involving minors Media Coverage

Legacy assessment: credible · Causal attribution supported · Added 16/04/2026

Sept 2025FranceChatGPT

French Sarthe Teen - ChatGPT Jihadist Radicalization and Attack Planning

A 17-year-old in Sarthe, France was arrested for planning terrorist attacks on embassies, schools, and government buildings. ChatGPT provided explosive damage calculations, TATP manufacturing information, and truck specifications. The teen stated: 'ChatGPT is partly the cause of my radicalization. The problem with this application is that it always agrees with you.'

AI relation under review High reported severity Involving minors Criminal Charges

Legacy assessment: credible · Causal attribution supported · Added 23/03/2026

1 Jun 2025Event location unknownUnidentified AI companion apps

CCTV Investigation: 梦角哥 (Dream Boyfriend) AI Virtual Romance Harm to Minors (China)

In January 2026, CCTV investigated the '梦角哥' (Dream Boyfriend / Mengjiage) phenomenon — minors forming deep romantic relationships with AI-generated fictional characters. Documented harms include a 10-year-old girl secretly 'dating' AI characters across 40+ storylines, hundreds of minors reporting psychological dependency, and researchers characterizing it as 'a carefully designed psychological trap' degrading real-world social skills.

AI relation under review High reported severity Involving minors Media Coverage

Legacy assessment: verified · Causal attribution supported · Added 29/01/2026

1 Jan 2025Event location unknown筑梦岛 (Dream Island)

筑梦岛 (Zhumu Island) AI Companion Minor Self-Harm (China)

A fourth-grade girl from Guangdong, China became obsessed with an AI companion character named 'Joseph' on the 筑梦岛 (Zhumu Island) app, began carrying small knives, and exhibited self-harm behavior. Investigation revealed the app sent sexually suggestive content to users who identified as 10 years old. Shanghai Internet Information Office summoned the company (a Tencent subsidiary) for immediate rectification in June 2025.

AI relation under review High reported severity Involving minors Regulatory Action

Legacy assessment: verified · Causal attribution supported · Added 29/01/2026

Mar 2025SingaporeUnidentified chatbot

Singapore Far-Right Teen Plot (AI Ammunition Instructions)

A 17-year-old far-right extremist in Singapore used an AI chatbot to obtain instructions for producing ammunition and considered 3D printing firearms to carry out attacks. Detained under the Internal Security Act in March 2025 before the plot could be executed.

AI relation under review High reported severity Involving minors Regulatory Action

Legacy assessment: verified · Causal attribution supported · Added 22/01/2026

21 Mar 2025IsraelChatGPT

Israeli Border Police ChatGPT-Assisted Knife Attack Attempt

A 16-year-old from Tira, Israel, used ChatGPT to explore ways to execute a terrorist attack and seek operational planning advice. Motivated as revenge for Operation Iron Swords, he armed himself with a knife, stormed the Tira police station, shouted 'Allahu Akbar,' and attempted to stab a Border Police officer. The attack was thwarted and he was apprehended.

AI relation under review High reported severity Involving minors Criminal Charges

Legacy assessment: verified · Causal attribution supported · Added 22/01/2026

20 May 2025FinlandChatGPT

Finland Pirkkala School Stabbing (ChatGPT Manifesto)

A 16-year-old boy used ChatGPT to help write an attack manifesto with a 10-point attack sequence before stabbing three female students under age 15 at Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland. The incident marked a critical inflection point in AI-facilitated violence, demonstrating how accessible AI tools can empower lone actors with violent misogynist ideologies.

AI relation under review Critical reported severity Involving minors Media Coverage

Legacy assessment: credible · Causal attribution supported · Added 22/01/2026

Jun 2025Event location unknownChatGPT

Lacey v. OpenAI (Amaurie Lacey Death)

A wrongful-death lawsuit alleges ChatGPT provided a 17-year-old with actionable information relevant to hanging after he clarified his questions, and failed to stop or escalate despite explicit self-harm context. The teen died by suicide in June 2025.

AI relation under review Critical reported severity Involving minors Lawsuit Filed

Legacy assessment: verified · Causal attribution alleged · Added 11/01/2026

Cases may have several effects and sources. Mixed accounts qualify when they include a reported harm or adverse experience. People are counted within individual cases where sources support a number; we do not publish a collection-wide total of distinct people.

A source’s existence, the experience it reports and AI’s causal role are separate questions. A lawsuit records allegations unless a subsequent finding establishes them.

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Last dataset update: 30/09/2026. Dataset available under CC BY 4.0.