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WHO AI Health Ethics

WHO Ethics and Governance of AI for Health

WHO guidance emphasizing mental health AI often has methodological/quality flaws requiring extra scrutiny. Six ethical principles for health AI.

Jurisdiction

International

Enacted

Pending

Effective

Jun 28, 2021

Enforcement

TBD

WHO

Why It Matters

WHO explicitly flags mental health AI for extra scrutiny. Six principles framework. Influential in healthcare regulation.

At a Glance

Applies to

Healthcare AI

Who Must Comply

  • Health AI developers and deployers (voluntary)

Safety Provisions

  • Principle 1: Protect autonomy
  • Principle 2: Promote human wellbeing and safety
  • Principle 3: Ensure transparency, explainability, intelligibility
  • Principle 4: Foster responsibility and accountability
  • Principle 5: Ensure inclusiveness and equity
  • Principle 6: Promote responsive and sustainable AI
  • Specific caution: Mental health AI often has methodological flaws
  • Extra scrutiny required for vulnerable users

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International

Focus Areas

Mental health & crisis

Cite This

APA

International. (2021). WHO Ethics and Governance of AI for Health.

Related Regulations

In Effect INTL

ISO 42001

First certifiable international standard for AI management systems. Uses Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology. Third-party certification available; major AI systems have achieved certification.

In Effect INTL

ISO 23894

AI risk management guidance complementing ISO 31000. Lifecycle risk management; audit/procurement language.

In Effect INT

OECD AI Due Diligence

Non-binding OECD guidance applying the OECD's six-step responsible business conduct (RBC) due-diligence process to enterprises across the AI value chain, providing practical recommendations for identifying, preventing, mitigating, and accounting for adverse human-rights and societal impacts of AI systems.

In Effect INT

UN/ITU AI & Child Rights Statement

Non-binding multilateral statement signed by thirteen UN and international organisations setting out principles for protecting children's rights in the design, deployment, and governance of AI systems, including provisions on harmful content, age assurance, transparency, and child-rights impact assessments.

Enacted US-CA

CA SB 1276

Amends California's sexual-exploitation-of-a-child offence (Penal Code Section 311.3) so that it covers digitally altered or artificial-intelligence-generated matter depicting a person under 18 engaged in sexual conduct, and adds knowingly downloading, streaming or accessing such matter through electronic or digital media to the prohibited conduct. It makes the same extension to the definition of sexual exploitation that triggers mandated reporting under the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (Section 11165.1).

Enacted US-CA

CA SB 503

Requires developers and deployers of AI clinical decision support systems used by health facilities, clinics and physician practices to make reasonable efforts to identify systems with a known or reasonably foreseeable risk of biased impacts on people with protected characteristics. Developers must mitigate those risks and give deployers an intended-use and risk statement plus documentation on training data, evaluation and data governance; deployers must regularly monitor the systems and mitigate.

Last updated January 22, 2026. Verify against primary sources before relying on this information.