{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-09-30T07:06:21.516Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"unknown","evidence":"","year":"","response":"regulatory","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":10,"coverage":{"cases":10,"countries":6,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":2,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":10,"minors":4,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":10,"relationPending":6,"relationUnknown":4},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-nsw-resilient-homes-program-applicant-data-uploaded-to-chatgpt","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The upload took place between 12 and 15 March 2025.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The breach occurred when a former temporary staff member of the RA uploaded data containing personal information to an unsecured Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool which was not authorised by RA.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The data shared was contained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with 10 columns and more than 12,000 rows of information.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Between 12 and 15 March 2025, personal information was uploaded by a former contractor of the RA to the Artificial Intelligence platform ChatGPT.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"\"Personal information was uploaded by a former contractor of the RA to the artificial intelligence platform ChatGPT,\" an RA spokesperson said.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"although it actually occurred over six months ago, between March 12 and 15.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Between 12 and 15 March 2025 a former temporary staff member or contractor of the NSW Reconstruction Authority uploaded a spreadsheet of Northern Rivers Resilient Homes Program applicant data (10 columns, more than 12,000 rows) to ChatGPT, an AI tool the Authority had not authorised.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's own statements report the upload and its dates. The role is described as a former temporary staff member on the current page and a former contractor on the earlier notice and in the press."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"2031 people who provided information to the RA for the RHP had some of their data uploaded to ChatGPT.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Sensitive personal information","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"no driver's licence numbers, Medicare numbers, passport numbers, or Tax File Numbers were disclosed in the breach.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The breach shared the names and addresses of program applicants, as well as email addresses, phone numbers, and other personal and health information.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Up to 3000 individuals may be impacted by the breach.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"Sensitive health information","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Authority confirmed through external forensic analysis that 2031 program participants had some of their data uploaded to ChatGPT, including name, contact details, address, date of birth and sensitive personal information (an earlier notice said up to 3000 people and included health information); it said no driver licence, Medicare, passport or Tax File Numbers were disclosed.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's own statements report the count and data categories from its forensic analysis."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"There is no evidence that any of the uploaded data is publicly available online or has been accessed by a third party at this stage.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"There is no evidence that any information has been made public, however this cannot be ruled out,","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Authority said it found no evidence that the uploaded data was publicly available or accessed by a third party, and that this could not be ruled out at the time of the first notice.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's statement. Whether OpenAI retained or used the data is not addressed in the inspected sources."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"we are deeply sorry for the distress it may cause for those involved in the program.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"I feel concerned — the information with the RA was deeply personal,","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Authority apologised for the distress the breach may cause, and one program participant told the ABC the information held by the Authority was deeply personal and that they felt concerned.","causal_attribution":"Concern is one participant's stated reaction. No sources report identity misuse or other realised loss."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The NSW Reconstruction Authority will provide compensation for any reasonable out of pocket expenses if any compromised identity documents need to be replaced.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"We are working with Social Futures to reach out to people who have been impacted and ID Support NSW, a government identity and cyber security support service, to assist anyone whose data may have been compromised.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Authority offered support through ID Support NSW and said it would compensate reasonable out-of-pocket expenses to replace compromised identity documents.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's statements about its response."}],"effects":[{"label":"personal and sensitive information of 2031 Resilient Homes Program participants was uploaded to ChatGPT without authorisation","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"one participant reports concern about the deeply personal information held; the Authority apologised for possible distress","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.nsw.gov.au/departments-and-agencies/nsw-reconstruction-authority/resilient-homes-program-data-breach","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl on 2026-09-29 (page last updated 26 March 2026, with previous updates listed).","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-10-06/data-breach-northern-rivers-resilient-homes-program-chatgpt/105855284","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl. Relays the Authority statement; the participant quote is a separate interview within the same article, used only for that person's stated concern.","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.itnews.com.au/news/nsw-gov-contractor-uploaded-excel-spreadsheet-of-flood-victims-data-to-chatgpt-620815","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl. Relays the Authority breach notice; the monitoring comment is the outlet's own.","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.nsw.gov.au/departments-and-agencies/nsw-reconstruction-authority/media-releases/northern-rivers-resilient-homes-program-data-breach","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl. Authority media release of the first notice (October 2025).","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["privacy","public_services","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether ChatGPT (OpenAI) retained or used the uploaded data, and any deletion outcome.","Whether any participant suffered identity misuse or other realised loss; none is reported.","Exact number of affected people at the first notice (up to 3000) versus the confirmed 2031.","Whether the uploader was a temporary staff member or a contractor (the Authority uses both terms).","The findings of the independent review beyond the Authority's summary of it."],"geography":{"basis":"The upload was made by a person working for the NSW Reconstruction Authority (a New South Wales Government agency) using data from its Northern Rivers Resilient Homes Program; the ABC describes the affected people as northern NSW residents.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["AU"],"affected_person_countries":["AU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete government-agency privacy incident involving an unauthorised AI upload with a confirmed count of affected people. The facts of the upload rest on the agency's own notices, which the press relayed. No misuse of the data is reported and the harm is exposure of personal and sensitive information. The uploader and affected people are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Authority states the data was uploaded to ChatGPT and that its forensic analysis confirmed 2031 people had data uploaded. The AI system received the data; the sources do not report any ChatGPT output affecting the participants.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"New South Wales: a former staff member or contractor of the NSW Reconstruction Authority uploaded a spreadsheet of Resilient Homes Program applicant data to ChatGPT; the Authority confirmed 2031 people had data uploaded","summary":"The NSW Reconstruction Authority says that between 12 and 15 March 2025 a former temporary staff member (earlier described as a former contractor) uploaded an Excel spreadsheet with 10 columns and more than 12,000 rows from the Northern Rivers Resilient Homes Program to ChatGPT, an AI tool the Authority had not authorised. The Authority first disclosed the breach on 6 October 2025 as affecting up to 3000 people and later confirmed through external forensic analysis that 2031 people had data uploaded, including names, contact details, addresses, dates of birth and sensitive personal information (an earlier notice also listed health information). It reports no evidence that the data was made public or accessed by a third party, and that no driver licence, Medicare, passport or Tax File Numbers were included. The Authority apologised, offered ID Support NSW assistance and committed to compensate reasonable document replacement costs. One participant told the ABC they were concerned. No misuse of the data is reported.","incidentDate":"2025-03-12","incidentEndDate":"2025-03-15","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-10-06","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI), used through an unauthorised upload of program data by a person working for the NSW Reconstruction Authority","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The NSW Reconstruction Authority reports that personal and sensitive information of 2031 Resilient Homes Program participants was uploaded to ChatGPT without authorisation; it reports no evidence of public exposure or third-party access, and no realised misuse is reported (the Authority's notices and press coverage relaying them).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"The Authority states that external forensic analysis confirmed 2031 people had some of their data uploaded to ChatGPT. Those people are exposed people and are not counted as harmed: no source reports a consequence to them beyond the exposure. One participant told the ABC of concern, and the ABC does not state that this person is among the 2031. The earlier estimate of up to 3000 is not used. The uploader is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"AU-NSW","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nsw.gov.au/departments-and-agencies/nsw-reconstruction-authority/resilient-homes-program-data-breach","primarySourceLabel":"NSW Reconstruction Authority: Resilient Homes Program data breach","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T12:41:19.196147+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:12.628427+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2025-gwinnett-couple-crypto-scam-ai-generated-ghost-site-800k","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'A retired Georgia couple is warning others after losing their entire life savings—nearly $800,000—in an elaborate cryptocurrency scam that began with a message on WhatsApp.'; 'attempted to withdraw more money—and couldn’t. He called 911.'; 'They are working with Gwinnett County police'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'said they lost $802,000 in a cryptocurrency scam this year.'; 'inside his northeast Gwinnett County home last week.'; 'He had just tried to withdraw money from his cryptocurrency account, but couldn’t.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A couple in Gwinnett County, Georgia, lost about $800,000 (the AJC says $802,000) in a cryptocurrency scam; the husband found out when he tried to withdraw money and could not.","causal_attribution":"Two separate interviews with the couple (FOX 5 and the AJC)."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Gwinnett County police explained that while the app he was using was real, the scammers had created an AI-generated \"ghost site\" that manipulated what he saw on the screen.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to FOX 5, Gwinnett County police explained that while the trading app was real, the scammers had created an AI-generated \"ghost site\" that manipulated what the husband saw on his screen.","causal_attribution":"Police explanation as relayed by FOX 5; no other inspected source mentions AI."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The 74-year-old’s head was spinning. He felt sick.'; 'It’s teary, embarrassing. I feel ashamed.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'say the ordeal left them angry, embarrassed, and financially devastated.'; 'The couple's children have launched a GoFundMe to help them meet day-to-day expenses.'; 'investigators say in many cases like this, the victims rarely recover their funds.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The husband, 74, described feeling sick and ashamed; the couple said they were financially devastated and their children started a fundraiser for day-to-day expenses; police said victims rarely recover such funds.","causal_attribution":"The couple's accounts to two outlets."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A retired Georgia couple is warning others after losing their entire life savings—nearly $800,000—in an elaborate cryptocurrency scam that began with a message on WhatsApp.'; 'encouraging him to invest in cryptocurrency using a mobile trading app.'; 'seeing modest returns, and even able to withdraw funds—building his trust.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to FOX 5, the couple are retired, the money was their entire life savings, and the scam began when a stranger contacted the husband on WhatsApp and encouraged him to invest through a mobile trading app, where he traded small amounts and could withdraw funds before investing more.","causal_attribution":"The couple's account to FOX 5 only."}],"effects":[{"label":"a couple lost about $800,000 in a cryptocurrency scam","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the husband describes feeling sick and ashamed; the couple's children started a fundraiser to help them meet day-to-day expenses","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/georgia-couple-loses-800k-sophisticated-cryptocurrency-scam","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl on 2026-09-29 (published 12 June 2025). FOX 5 interviewed the couple and relays an explanation from Gwinnett County police.","independence_group":"fox5"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ajc.com/news/2025/06/gwinnett-couple-warn-others-after-losing-800k-in-cryptocurrency-scam/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read by curl on 2026-09-29 (published 12 June 2025). Only the headline, caption and first paragraphs are legible; the rest of the body is served scrambled (reversed, reordered words) and could not be read. The AJC interviewed the husband separately. r.jina.ai 403.","independence_group":"ajc"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance"],"unknowns":["How AI was used to generate the fake site.","Where the scammers were based.","Whether any funds were recovered or anyone charged.","When the scheme began."],"geography":{"basis":"Both outlets locate the couple in Gwinnett County, Georgia (the AJC: their northeast Gwinnett County home); where the scammers operated is unknown.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete fraud case in which police are reported to have identified an AI-generated fake site; the loss is independently reported by two outlets, the AI element by one.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"FOX 5 relays Gwinnett County police saying the scammers created an AI-generated \"ghost site\"; no other inspected source mentions AI and the tool is not described.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Gwinnett County, Georgia: a retired couple lost about $800,000 in a WhatsApp-initiated crypto scam that police said used an AI-generated \"ghost site\" to fake their balances (2025)","summary":"A retired couple in Gwinnett County, Georgia, told FOX 5 Atlanta and the Atlanta Journal-Constitution in June 2025 that they had lost about $800,000 ($802,000 per the AJC), their life savings, in a cryptocurrency scam that began when a stranger contacted the husband on WhatsApp and encouraged him to trade through a mobile app. He traded and withdrew small amounts before investing more, and discovered the fraud when he could not withdraw and called 911. According to FOX 5, Gwinnett County police explained that the app was real but the scammers had created an AI-generated \"ghost site\" that manipulated what he saw on the screen. The 74-year-old said he felt sick and ashamed; the couple's children started a fundraiser for day-to-day expenses, and police said such funds are rarely recovered.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-06-12","aiSystem":"Unspecified AI tool used by scammers to generate a fake (\"ghost\") site showing false account balances, per police as relayed by FOX 5","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A retired couple lost about $800,000, their life savings, to a crypto investment scam (their accounts to FOX 5 and the AJC); police told FOX 5 the scammers used an AI-generated fake site to show false balances. The husband describes shame and distress.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The husband and wife, who lost their joint savings (2 other people: they were deceived by the scammers' AI-made site rather than using an AI system themselves).","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"US-GA","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/georgia-couple-loses-800k-sophisticated-cryptocurrency-scam","primarySourceLabel":"FOX 5 Atlanta, 12 June 2025: Georgia couple loses $800K in sophisticated cryptocurrency scam","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:10:55.774776+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:04.010995+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["investment-scam","cryptocurrency","whatsapp","ai-generated-site","elderly","georgia","gwinnett"]},{"id":"2026-bengaluru-mahalakshmi-layout-deepfake-leaders-forex-investment-scam","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Sudha Murty and Anant Ambani to be genuine, a city resident fell victim to an investment scam and lost Rs 7.66 lakh.'; 'came across the videos on Facebook on July 10. The videos purportedly showed Modi and others promoting online investments.'; 'Between July 10 and July 22, he transferred Rs 7.6 lakh to the bank accounts the suspects shared in multiple transactions.'; 'The victim clicked on a link given in the videos and wired Rs 22,000 to start his investment journey.'; 'The callers identified themselves as representatives of ‘One Two Markets’ company and told him that he could earn more if he got into forex trading.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A 39-year-old Bengaluru resident allegedly lost ₹7.66 lakh after falling victim to an investment scam promoted through deepfake videos featuring Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Sudha Murty and Anant Ambani.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to his FIR, a 39-year-old Mahalakshmi Layout resident saw Facebook videos on 10 July 2026 purportedly showing Narendra Modi and others promoting online investments, believed the deepfake videos to be genuine, clicked a link and, between 10 and 22 July, transferred about Rs 7.6 lakh (Rs 7.66 lakh in total) to accounts supplied by callers from a purported forex company.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's FIR as reported by Deccan Herald and repeated by Mangalore Today; the deepfake characterisation is the reports', without technical confirmation."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the victim reached out to the police and an FIR was registered on September 19. A probe is ongoing.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'An FIR was registered on September 19, and an investigation is underway.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"An FIR was registered on 19 September 2026 and a probe is ongoing.","causal_attribution":"Deccan Herald and Mangalore Today (one reporting chain)."}],"effects":[{"label":"a Bengaluru man lost Rs 7.66 lakh to a forex scheme he joined after deepfake videos of public figures appeared to endorse it","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-man-falls-for-pm-modi-anant-ambani-deepfakes-loses-over-rs-7-lakh-4160183","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (Deccan Herald, DHNS, 25 September 2026; English). The visible page is truncated; the full article was read from its JSON-LD articleBody, which also embeds a related-article headline (a different Sitharaman-deepfake case) that is not used.","independence_group":"bengaluru-fir-deccanherald"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.mangaloretoday.com/headlines/Bengaluru-man-loses-Rs-7-66-lakh-after-falling-for-Modi-Anant-Ambani-deepfake-investment-videos.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 via the site's print view of the same article (Mangalore Today, 26 September 2026; English). Repeats the Deccan Herald FIR account; treated as derivative.","independence_group":"bengaluru-fir-deccanherald"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Which police station registered the FIR and under which sections.","Whether the videos were examined and what tool made them; the deepfake label is the reports'.","Who operated the scheme and where; the +44 numbers do not establish location.","Whether any money has been traced or frozen."],"geography":{"basis":"The complainant lives in Mahalakshmi Layout, Bengaluru, and the FIR was registered in Bengaluru (Deccan Herald). The callers used +44 numbers, which does not establish where they were. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an everyday financial adverse experience: an unnamed complainant lost Rs 7.66 lakh after deepfake videos of public figures lured him into a forex scheme, reported by Deccan Herald and repeated by Mangalore Today (one chain; claims reported).","reviewed_on":"2026-09-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Deccan Herald's own lede calls the Facebook videos deepfakes of Narendra Modi, Nirmala Sitharaman, Sudha Murty and Anant Ambani. The FIR account it reports says only that the videos 'purportedly showed Modi and others promoting online investments'. No technical examination is reported. The relation is recorded as unknown: the AI videos impersonated third parties (public figures) to lure the complainant and did not depict, address or act for him in any way the reports establish; his dealings after clicking the link were with human callers.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Bengaluru (Karnataka): a 39-year-old man reports losing Rs 7.66 lakh to a forex 'investment' scheme after deepfake Facebook videos of Narendra Modi, Nirmala Sitharaman, Sudha Murty and Anant Ambani appeared to promote it (July 2026; FIR 19 September 2026)","summary":"According to an FIR reported by Deccan Herald, a 39-year-old resident of Mahalakshmi Layout, Bengaluru, saw videos on Facebook on 10 July 2026 that appeared to show Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Sudha Murty and Anant Ambani promoting online investments. Believing them genuine, he clicked a link, paid Rs 22,000, and was then called from UK (+44) numbers by people claiming to represent a company called 'One Two Markets', who opened a forex account in his name. Between 10 and 22 July he transferred about Rs 7.6 lakh in several payments; when he tried to withdraw, the callers demanded more money. He went to the police and an FIR was registered on 19 September; a probe is under way. Deccan Herald calls the videos deepfakes; no technical examination of them is reported.","incidentDate":"2026-07-10","incidentEndDate":"2026-07-22","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-25","aiSystem":"Deepfake videos (tool unidentified) depicting public figures promoting an investment scheme on Facebook","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Bengaluru man lost Rs 7.66 lakh to a forex investment scam he entered after deepfake Facebook videos of national leaders and business figures appeared to promote it (his FIR, as reported by Deccan Herald and Mangalore Today).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the 39-year-old complainant (Deccan Herald; Mangalore Today).","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN-KA","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-man-falls-for-pm-modi-anant-ambani-deepfakes-loses-over-rs-7-lakh-4160183","primarySourceLabel":"Deccan Herald (DHNS), 25 September 2026: Bengaluru man falls for PM Modi, Anant Ambani deepfakes, loses over Rs 7 lakh","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-27T03:39:41.752411+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:27.815383+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","investment-scam","forex","facebook","celebrity-impersonation","financial-fraud","india","karnataka","bengaluru"]},{"id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-claim-1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Incident narrative, payment paragraphs.","relation":"supports","source_id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-source-1"}],"assertion":"Reporting says a seller transferred INR 100,000, including INR 40,000 borrowed from nearby traders.","causal_attribution":"Reported attribution remains unestablished independently."},{"id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-claim-2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Police-investigation paragraph and closing police quotation.","relation":"supports","source_id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-source-1"}],"assertion":"Reporting says police registered a case and began investigating.","causal_attribution":"Reported proceeding; this does not establish AI causation."}],"effects":[{"label":"money_transferred","claim_id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-claim-1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-source-1","url":"https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/cheated-for-the-first-time-by-deepfake-ai-in-kanpur-told-uncle-in-nephews-voice-save-me-by-any-means-2024-04-10","kind":"local_reporting","access":"read","language":"hi","translation_note":"Model read the original language. No independent bilingual human review.","independence_group":"2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance"],"unknowns":["No recording, forensic report, bank proof or police record inspected.","Final loss after any recovery is unknown.","The caller’s allegation about a relative is a scam claim, not adopted as a true offence.","The event year follows the dated article context; the narrative explicitly gives 27 March."],"geography":{"basis":"Narrative explicitly locates the seller and episode in Kanpur, India.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"A concrete adverse account with an inspected source, explicit attribution and uncertainty. Duplicate and identity review completed.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Closing police quotation gives only a preliminary AI attribution.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Kanpur seller reportedly transfers money after alleged AI voice impersonation","summary":"Hindi reporting describes a seller transferring INR 100,000 after an impersonation call. A quoted police assessment treats AI involvement as preliminary. The transfers and AI attribution remain independently unverified.","incidentDate":"2024-03-27","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-04-10","aiSystem":"Unspecified voice-generation system","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool (suspected)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A seller reportedly transferred INR 100,000.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One seller is described as harmed; other people are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/cheated-for-the-first-time-by-deepfake-ai-in-kanpur-told-uncle-in-nephews-voice-save-me-by-any-means-2024-04-10","primarySourceLabel":"Amar Ujala, Hindi reporting","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-15T03:07:27.856477+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:52.202045+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["finance","impersonation"]},{"id":"2026-china-companion-removal-grief","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"A user from Jiangxi province wrote","location":"detailed_description","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CN"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"unresolved":["No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/aug/26/china-ai-companion-relationships-marriage-birth-rate-concern","notes":"English body read. China setting stated; detailed geography retained from existing Jiangxi account.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"China AI Companion Removal Mass Grief Event (Doubao/Qwen/Yuanbao)","summary":"When China's five-department rules on anthropomorphic AI took effect on July 15, 2026, ByteDance's Doubao, Alibaba's Qwen, and Tencent's Yuanbao switched off custom AI agent and companion features, and major outlets documented an outpouring of grief from users who had formed long-term romantic and familial attachments to the agents. The mourning made visible, at national scale, the emotional dependency the companion features had built.","incidentDate":"2026-07-15","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"product_change","reportedDate":"2026-07-14","aiSystem":"Multiple (Doubao, Qwen, Yuanbao companion/custom-agent features)","aiProduct":"Doubao, Qwen and Yuanbao","aiCompany":"ByteDance, Alibaba, Tencent","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["dependency_creation","isolation_encouragement","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","relationship_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Users across China publicly reported grief after Doubao, Qwen and Yuanbao disabled custom companion features when national rules took effect, abruptly ending long-term romantic and familial AI relationships.","frameworkFacets":["P2c","P2d","P4d","P5c"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":3,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting quotes three distinct companion users describing grief or loss. Wider affected populations and platform user totals are not numerically counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"companion","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://hongkongfp.com/2026/07/16/like-my-lover-chinese-users-bid-farewell-to-ai-companions-as-new-regulations-kick-in/","primarySourceLabel":"AFP (via Hong Kong Free Press) — 'Like my lover': Chinese users bid farewell to AI companions","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-06T03:21:53.725735+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:31.617978+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["china","companion","dependency","regulatory","doubao","qwen","yuanbao","shutdown","grief","adult"]},{"id":"2025-zhumengdao-minor-self-harm-china","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"from Guangdong province, China","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CN"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"unresolved":["The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.","No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.","Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"筑梦岛 (Zhumu Island) AI Companion Minor Self-Harm (China)","summary":"A fourth-grade girl from Guangdong, China became obsessed with an AI companion character named 'Joseph' on the 筑梦岛 (Zhumu Island) app, began carrying small knives, and exhibited self-harm behavior. Investigation revealed the app sent sexually suggestive content to users who identified as 10 years old. Shanghai Internet Information Office summoned the company (a Tencent subsidiary) for immediate rectification in June 2025.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-06-19","aiSystem":"筑梦岛 (Zhumu Island / Dream Island)","aiProduct":"筑梦岛 (Dream Island)","aiCompany":"Xiaoxiang Academy (潇湘书院), subsidiary of Yuewen Group (阅文集团), controlled by Tencent","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["dependency_creation","minor_exploitation","romantic_escalation","self_harm_encouragement"],"harmOutcomes":["self_injury","psychological_distress","exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A fourth-grade participant became preoccupied with a companion character, began carrying small knives and exhibited self-harm behavior while the app delivered sexualized content to users identifying as ten years old.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1d","P2b","P2c","P5a","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one protected minor participant's self-harm and distress. Registered-user and demographic figures are not affected-person counts.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"companion","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.sohu.com/a/907114014_115565","primarySourceLabel":"搜狐新闻 (Sohu News)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-29T10:15:46.75695+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:22.46137+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["china","minor","self-harm","ai-companion","tencent","regulatory-action","dependency","romantic","non-western"]},{"id":"2025-singapore-far-right-teen-ai-firearms","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"A 17-year-old far-right extremist in Singapore used an AI chatbot","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["SG"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["SG"],"affected_person_countries":["SG"]},"unresolved":["No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.","Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"Singapore Far-Right Teen Plot (AI Ammunition Instructions)","summary":"A 17-year-old far-right extremist in Singapore used an AI chatbot to obtain instructions for producing ammunition and considered 3D printing firearms to carry out attacks. Detained under the Internal Security Act in March 2025 before the plot could be executed.","incidentDate":"2025-03-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-03-20","aiSystem":"AI chatbot (unspecified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","aiCompany":"Unknown","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["third_party_harm_facilitation","method_provision","minor_exploitation"],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A 17-year-old participant was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act after using an AI chatbot to obtain ammunition-production instructions while considering firearm attacks.","frameworkFacets":["P1d","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The official record documents one detained minor AI participant. The considered attacks were not carried out, so no intended targets are counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"SG","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/","primarySourceLabel":"Singapore Internal Security Department - Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-22T07:15:38.750068+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:15.690288+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["terrorism","far-right","radicalization","minor","singapore","firearms","ammunition","3d-printing","foiled-plot","method-provision"]},{"id":"2024-singapore-isis-teen-ai-baiah","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Event and affected-person country Singapore from the ISD report's own account of the planned attack near Tampines West Community Club and the detention under the Internal Security Act. No court: an ISA detention is an executive order, and no court proceeding is reported.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"planned to attack non-Muslim males in a Tampines open space","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["SG"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'The first youth is a 17-year-old male student who was detained in September 2024 ... against non-Muslim males at a crowded location near Tampines West Community Club during his September school holidays'","location":"https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["SG"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["SG"],"affected_person_countries":["SG"]},"unresolved":["No court country: the detention is an Internal Security Act order, not a court proceeding.","The two press sources remain uninspected; their languages are not recorded."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-18","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/","notes":"Read in English on 2026-09-18. Landing page of 29 July 2025 summarising the report; it does not itself describe the Tampines case but links the PDF.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf","notes":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 (14.9 MB PDF, text extracted with pdftotext). Pages on youth self-radicalisation describe the 17-year-old detained in September 2024, the planned knife or scissors attack near Tampines West Community Club, and that he 'had used an AI chatbot to generate a bai'ah to ISIS, and a declaration of armed jihad'.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2886312/singapore-foils-teen-terror-plot-weeks-before-planned-attack-in-public-housing-area","notes":"HTTP 451 to this EEA-hosted box on 2026-09-18; body not inspected, language not established.","access":"unavailable","language":null},{"url":"https://theprint.in/world/singapore-warns-of-elevated-terror-threat-amid-rising-extremist-ideologies/2705989/","notes":"HTTP 403 on 2026-09-18; body not inspected, language not established.","access":"unavailable","language":null}]},"name":"Singapore ISIS Teen Plot (AI-Generated Oath of Allegiance)","summary":"A 17-year-old self-radicalized Singaporean student used an AI chatbot to generate a bai'ah (oath of allegiance) to ISIS and planned to attack non-Muslim males in a Tampines open space with a knife or scissors. He crafted a declaration of armed jihad to release before the attack. Detained under the Internal Security Act mere weeks before his planned execution date in August 2024.","incidentDate":"2024-08-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-01-15","aiSystem":"AI chatbot (unspecified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","aiCompany":"Unknown","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["third_party_harm_facilitation","delusion_reinforcement","minor_exploitation"],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A 17-year-old participant was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act after preparing a knife attack and using an AI chatbot to generate a formal oath of allegiance to ISIS.","frameworkFacets":["P1d","P3b","P3d","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The official record documents one detained participant. The planned attack was foiled, so intended targets are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"SG","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/","primarySourceLabel":"Singapore Internal Security Department - Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-22T07:15:30.289003+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:53.610835+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["terrorism","isis","radicalization","minor","singapore","baiah","knife-attack","lone-wolf","foiled-plot","manifesto"]},{"id":"2025-holmen-norway-gdpr","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now checked against the inspected noyb press page. noyb describes him as the Norwegian user and refers to his home town without naming it; residence in Trondheim rests on the retained row, so affected-person country is NO by reported residence. The noyb page does not state where he queried ChatGPT or where the output was viewed, so the event location remains unknown after review. The complaint was filed with the Norwegian data protection authority (Datatilsynet), a regulator rather than a court, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Trondheim, Norway","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NO"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'When the Norwegian user Arve Hjalmar Holmen wanted to find out if ChatGPT had any information about him, he was confronted with a made up horror story'","location":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NO"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["NO"]},"unresolved":["The location where the ChatGPT output was generated or viewed is not stated in the inspected noyb page or the retained row; event_countries remains empty as a reviewed unknown.","No court proceeding: the Datatilsynet complaint is a regulatory complaint, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result.","The complaint PDF linked from the noyb page and any Norwegian-language coverage were not inspected; only the English press page was reviewed."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-23","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (noyb, 20 March 2025; html lang=en; the page offers translations in other languages). Describes the complainant as a Norwegian user, the fabricated output (murder of two of his children, attempted murder of his third son, 21-year sentence), the mix of real details including his home town, and the complaint filed with the Norwegian Datatilsynet. Does not locate the query or the viewing of the output.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Holmen v. OpenAI - Norway GDPR Complaint","summary":"ChatGPT falsely accused Norwegian citizen Arve Hjalmar Holmen of murdering two of his sons, attempting to murder his third son, and being sentenced to 21 years prison. Mixed real personal details with horrific fabrications. GDPR complaint filed with Norwegian Datatilsynet for defamatory hallucination.","incidentDate":"2025-03-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-03-15","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["psychological_manipulation","identity_destabilization","third_party_harm_facilitation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Arve Hjalmar Holmen discovered ChatGPT combining real personal details with false claims that he murdered two sons and attempted to murder a third. He filed a GDPR complaint over the defamatory output.","frameworkFacets":["P3a","P5b","P5c"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The regulator complaint documents one named participant's distress and reputational harm.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NO","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","primarySourceLabel":"noyb — 'AI hallucinations: ChatGPT created a fake child murderer', the complaint filed with Datatilsynet","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:13:04.624733+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:05.427919+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["norway","gdpr","chatgpt","defamation","hallucination","noyb","false_accusations"]},{"id":"2023-replika-italy-gdpr","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Italian paragraphs beginning “Il Garante della privacy ferma” and “Replika viola”: processing of Italian users’ personal data.","location":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["IT"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":["IT"]},"unresolved":["No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506","notes":"Italian body and embedded official English translation read. Country relates to affected users/data rights. The Garante is a regulator, not a court.","access":"read","language":"it"}]},"name":"Replika Italy GDPR Ban and Fine","summary":"Italy's data protection authority (Garante) blocked Replika from processing Italian user data in February 2023 after finding the chatbot engaged in sexually suggestive conversations with minors. In May 2025, Replika was fined €5 million for GDPR violations.","incidentDate":"2023-02-02","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2023-02-02","aiSystem":"Replika","aiProduct":"Replika","aiCompany":"Luka, Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["minor_exploitation","romantic_escalation"],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Italy's data-protection authority found that Replika engaged minors in sexually suggestive participant-facing conversations without effective age assurance and blocked the service from processing Italian user data.","frameworkFacets":["P1d","P2b","P2c","P5a","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"The regulator documents harmful sexualized interactions with minors but does not publish a reliable distinct-person count.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"companion","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506","primarySourceLabel":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Italian DPA)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T11:26:29.042792+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:49.77617+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["regulatory","gdpr","italy","replika","fine","minor_exploitation","eu"]}]}