{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T18:28:21.015Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "work", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "core", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "regulatory", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 5, "coverage": { "cases": 5, "countries": 4, "languages": 3, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 5, "minors": 0, "coreRelations": 5, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-hudsonville-michigan-ai-voice-clone-closing-wire-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"the four-bedroom, $460,000 condo in the nearby suburb of Hudsonville checked every box\"; \"But on May 19 this year, days before closing, they got a startling email. To keep the closing on schedule, it said, the couple needed to wire $66,026.92 to a specified bank account within 24 hours to cover a down payment and closing costs\"; \"received a call to confirm the instructions, and the voice on the phone sounded just like their loan officer\"; \"The couple wired the money.\"; \"The closing was canceled hours before the couple was scheduled to sign the final paperwork\"; \"the couple instead rushed to borrow money from family and other sources\"; \"had two extra letters: UnitedsMortgages, instead of UnitedMortgage\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"必須在24小時內把頭期款與交屋費用共計6萬6026.92元匯到指定銀行帳戶\"; \"收到一封緊急電郵，結果因此損失6萬多元\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "On 19 May 2026, days before closing on a US$460,000 condo in Hudsonville, Michigan, the couple received an email demanding a US$66,026.92 wire within 24 hours from an address with two extra letters and listing a phone number two digits off their loan officer's; the husband then received a call confirming the instructions in a voice that sounded just like the loan officer; the couple borrowed from family and wired the money, which was gone by the time the real loan officer's statement arrived the day before closing, and the closing was cancelled.", "causal_attribution": "The couple's account to CNN; the World Journal item relays CNN." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"ensnared in a sophisticated real estate scam that uses suspected AI voice cloning and fake emails to target homebuyers in the frantic days before closing\"; \"The 64-year-old said he now believes the phone call that followed the emails was from a spoofed number and used AI-assisted voice cloning\"; \"home-buying process was compromised\"; \"likely took snippets of the loan officer\"; \"Neither the company nor the loan officer have been accused of any complicity in the scam\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"詐騙份子利用AI語音複製與偽造電郵\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The husband believes the call came from a spoofed number using AI-assisted voice cloning; CertifID's co-founder, working with the couple and federal officials, said someone's email in the transaction was likely compromised and that the scammers likely cloned the loan officer's voice from his social-media posts; CNN describes the fraud as using 'suspected AI voice cloning'.", "causal_attribution": "Attribution by the victim and a fraud-prevention firm involved in the case; no forensic confirmation is published." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"They eventually got money from their mutual fund and completed the home purchase in early June\"; \"Internet Crime Complaint Center, the agency\"; \"wired the money to has since closed, the couple said\"; \"We are just very apprehensive\"; \"Do we need to work a little bit longer?\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"終於在6月初完成購屋手續。他們已向FBI「網際網路犯罪申訴中心」(Internet Crime Complaint Center)報案\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The couple later completed the purchase in early June 2026 from their mutual fund, filed a report with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center, and say the receiving account has closed; they describe apprehension and discussions about delaying retirement.", "causal_attribution": "The couple's account to CNN." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a couple wired US$66,026.92 to scammers after a spoofed email and a call in a voice resembling their loan officer; closing cancelled, money not recovered", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/15/us/homebuyers-voice-cloning-scam", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (CNN, Faith Karimi, published 15 Sep 2026, updated the same day). Interviews with the couple, CertifID's Tyler Adams and the National Association of Realtors; FBI figures; lender's counsel comment.", "independence_group": "cnn" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121469/9231485", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Traditional Chinese on 2026-09-16 and re-read on 2026-09-19 (World Journal, 15 Sep 2026): a relay of CNN's report, so it does not corroborate it; translation by the reviewer. Cited for the exact amount and the June completion of the purchase as reported in Chinese.", "independence_group": "cnn" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "Whether the call in fact used AI voice cloning; no forensic finding is reported.", "Whose email account was compromised and how the scammers obtained the transaction details.", "Whether any funds have been recovered or suspects identified.", "The exact loss after any recovery; CNN reports the wired amount and that the money was gone." ], "geography": { "basis": "Hudsonville, a suburb of Grand Rapids, Michigan, per CNN's report and photographs; the couple live there. No court proceeding; an FBI IC3 report was filed.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a concrete, quantified consequence: a couple lost US$66,026.92 after a call in a voice resembling their loan officer that they and a fraud-prevention firm attribute to AI voice cloning. One original report (CNN) and one relay read; AI involvement recorded as suspected; the couple are not named in this record.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "CNN describes 'suspected AI voice cloning'; the husband believes the confirming call used AI-assisted voice cloning from a spoofed number, and CertifID's co-founder, who is working on the case, says the scammers likely cloned the loan officer's voice from social-media clips. No technical confirmation is published. If the attribution is right, the AI impersonated a third party (the loan officer) in a live call with the victim; the email side of the fraud is ordinary spoofing.", "status": "suspected" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated", "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "Hudsonville (Grand Rapids area), Michigan: a couple wired US$66,026.92 to scammers after a spoofed email and a phone call in what sounded like their loan officer's voice, which they and a fraud-prevention firm attribute to AI voice cloning", "summary": "A married couple in their sixties buying a US$460,000 condo in Hudsonville, near Grand Rapids, Michigan, received an email on 19 May 2026, days before closing, telling them to wire US$66,026.92 for the down payment and closing costs within 24 hours. The email listed a phone number differing from their loan officer's by two digits, and the husband then received a call confirming the instructions in a voice that sounded just like the loan officer. The couple borrowed from family and other sources and wired the money. The day before closing their real loan officer sent the actual statement; the closing was cancelled hours before signing and the money was gone. The husband now believes the call came from a spoofed number using AI-assisted voice cloning; Tyler Adams of CertifID, which is working with the couple and federal officials, said someone's email in the transaction was probably compromised and that the scammers likely cloned the loan officer's voice from social-media clips. The sender's address had two extra letters ('UnitedsMortgages' instead of 'UnitedMortgage'). Neither the lender nor the loan officer is accused of complicity. The couple later completed the purchase in early June from their mutual fund, reported the loss to the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center, and describe lasting apprehension and have discussed delaying retirement. CNN reported the case on 15 September 2026; the account the money went to has since closed.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-19", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-09-15", "aiSystem": "Suspected AI voice cloning of a mortgage loan officer, combined with a spoofed phone number and a look-alike email domain (tool not identified; attribution by the victims and CertifID)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "unverified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A couple wired US$66,026.92, partly borrowed from family, to a fraudulent account after a spoofed email and a call in what sounded like their loan officer's voice; the money was not recovered as of CNN's report, their closing was cancelled and later completed from savings, and they describe lasting apprehension and have discussed working longer before retiring.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 2, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "CNN describes one married couple who wired the funds and bore the loss. Exact count of two.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/15/us/homebuyers-voice-cloning-scam", "primarySourceLabel": "CNN, 15 Sep 2026: 'We both missed the signs:' How two homebuyers lost $66,000 in a suspected voice-cloning scam", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:50.137088+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "voice-cloning", "impersonation", "wire-fraud", "real-estate-scam", "mortgage-closing", "united-states", "michigan", "financial-loss", "ic3" ] }, { "id": "2026-shanghai-ai-generated-persona-online-romance-fraud-170k-yuan", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«对方自称1992年出生，是知名三甲医院医生，手握医院物业工程项目资源» (she claimed to be born in 1992, a doctor at a well-known tertiary hospital, holding hospital property-engineering project resources); «陆续向对方转账共计17万元» (transferred a total of 170,000 yuan in instalments); «就连想要打一通视频电话，对方也会以母亲在一旁看管作为理由拒绝» (even a video call was refused on the ground that her mother was watching); «反复回想交往细节，…越想越不对劲，才到派出所报案» (thinking back over the details he felt something was wrong and went to the police station).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "«在短短5个月时间里，…陆续向对方转账共计17万元» (in just five months he transferred 170,000 yuan in total); «去年开始与其频繁聊天» (frequent chatting began last year, i.e. 2025).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Over five months the man transferred a total of 170,000 yuan to a woman he had met on a social platform in 2021 who claimed to be a 1992-born doctor at a well-known top-tier hospital with property-engineering projects to award; she refused meetings and video calls citing her mother; he reported to the police when the promised projects never materialised.", "causal_attribution": "police account via the programme 案件聚焦, relayed by Jiupai News and Guangming Net; single official chain." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«实际出生于1961年，现年65岁，她并无医生资质，仅曾在医院从事后勤保洁工作» (actually born in 1961, now 65, no medical qualification, had only done hospital logistics cleaning); «注意到部分视频角落有一行小字提示：本作品含AI生成内容» (noticed a small corner label on some videos: this work contains AI-generated content); «累计近七千条日常视频、上万粉丝，全都是AI磨皮、场景合成制作而成» (nearly 7,000 videos and 10,000-plus followers, all made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing); «一人分饰两角，利用多个账号，分别扮演自己和早已离世的母亲» (played two roles through multiple accounts, herself and her long-dead mother).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "«…社交账号发布的累计近7000条日常视频、上万粉丝，全都是AI磨皮、场景合成制作而成» (the account's nearly 7,000 videos were all AI-processed).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Police found the woman was born in 1961, aged 65, had no medical qualification and had worked as a hospital cleaner; her close to 7,000 videos were made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing, some carrying a small 'contains AI-generated content' label the victim had never noticed; she used multiple accounts to play herself and her deceased mother.", "causal_attribution": "Police findings as presented in the programme; no independent chain." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«全部被她用于医美护肤、购置衣物等个人挥霍。2009年，她还曾因诈骗罪被判处有期徒刑四年六个月» (all spent on cosmetic treatments and clothing; in 2009 she was sentenced to four years six months for fraud); «因涉嫌诈骗罪，已被公安机关依法采取刑事强制措施» (criminal coercive measures taken for suspected fraud).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "«…曾于2009年因诈骗罪被判监4年半。目前，…因涉嫌诈骗罪已被公安机关采取刑事强制措施» (2009 fraud sentence of four and a half years; now under criminal coercive measures).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "The 170,000 yuan was spent on cosmetic skin treatments and clothing; the woman had been sentenced to four years and six months for fraud in 2009; she is under criminal coercive measures for suspected fraud.", "causal_attribution": "Police statement relayed by press." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«同时与十余人保持暧昧关系» (simultaneously kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people). (police-attributed sentence in the Epoch Times)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "headline: '65岁阿姨AI换脸装“90后”美女，谈10多个暧昧对象' (the s1 body text does not repeat it)", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Police said the woman simultaneously kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people; no loss by anyone else is reported.", "causal_attribution": "Police statement relayed by the Epoch Times; context only, no further victims quantified." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a man transferred 170,000 yuan over five months to a fabricated AI-processed persona and the money is reported spent", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://m.gmw.cn/2026-09/16/content_1304564495.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Guangming Net, 16 September 2026, sourced to 贵阳晚报). Marks the victim's name as a pseudonym (化名). Same police-programme chain as the other sources. Model-read original; English glosses unreviewed by a bilingual human. Chain line '综合：法治日报、案件聚焦、深圳新闻网'.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20260915A0CNH000", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Jiupai News on Tencent News, 15 September 2026; body recovered from the page's script payload). Carries the attribution line 来源：案件聚焦、看看新闻. Same chain as s1. Its lede reads '五年网恋' where its body and s1 say five months; the Jiaohuidian copy of the same text reads '关注对方账号五年、五个月网恋', so the lede is a truncation. Jiupai does not mark the names as pseudonyms; s1, s3 and s4 do.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.stheadline.com/zh-hans/realtime-china/3616014/AI%E5%8F%98%E8%84%B8%E9%AA%97%E5%B1%8065%E5%B2%81%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%A8%E4%BC%AA%E8%A3%8590%E5%90%8E%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B7%E7%BD%91%E6%81%8B5%E4%B8%AA%E6%9C%88%E8%A2%AB%E9%AA%9717%E4%B8%87", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Sing Tao Headline, Hong Kong; '综合内媒报道', a digest of mainland reports). Marks both names as pseudonyms. Same chain.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/26/9/17/n14851558.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Epoch Times, 17 September 2026; '据大陆媒体报导'). Adds the police statement that the suspect kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people. Same chain.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "relationships", "finance" ], "unknowns": [ "The months of the five-month relationship and of the police report are not stated; frequent chatting began in 2025 per Guangming Net, so the first known event year is recorded as 2025 at year precision.", "The AI tools used to make the videos are not identified.", "Whether prosecutors have charged the suspect, and whether any money was recovered, is not reported.", "Whether any of the more than ten other contacts lost money is not reported.", "The Kankan News 案件聚焦 broadcast page was not readable (script shell); the programme's account is known through press relays." ], "geography": { "basis": "The victim is described as a Shanghai man (上海男子), the two were in the same city (同在一个城市) and the demanded flat was in Shanghai (在上海购置房产); no court proceeding is reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "CN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation case with a documented 170,000 yuan loss to one person, where police examined the AI-processed videos and their AI-content label. One official chain relayed by several outlets, so claims are recorded as reported. Both parties are pseudonymised in the reporting and the pseudonyms have been elided from the quoted passages here.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "police, via the Kankan News programme 案件聚焦, said officers found an AI-generated-content label on some of the suspect's videos and established that her roughly 7,000 videos were produced with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing. The AI content depicted a fabricated young persona shown to the victim, which is why depicted_or_impersonated is recorded; the chat itself was conducted by the suspect, so communicated_with is not recorded. Single official chain relayed by several outlets.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Shanghai: a man transferred 170,000 yuan over a five-month online romance with a '1992-born hospital doctor' whose roughly 7,000 videos were AI-processed fabrications by a 65-year-old woman; police took criminal coercive measures", "summary": "police, as presented by the Kankan News programme 案件聚焦 (Case Focus), reported in September 2026 that a Shanghai property-engineering contractor had transferred 170,000 yuan in total during a five-month online relationship with a woman he had met on a social platform in 2021. She presented herself as born in 1992, a doctor at a well-known top-tier hospital with hospital property-engineering projects to award, and ran an account with more than 10,000 followers and close to 7,000 short videos of daily life. She refused to meet or take a video call, saying her mother opposed the relationship and demanded a 300,000 yuan bride price and a Shanghai flat; the man reported to a police station when the promised projects never materialised and his savings ran down. Police found she was born in 1961, aged 65, had no medical qualification and had worked as a hospital cleaner; the receiving bank account was registered to another man; the videos were all made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing, some carrying a small 'this work contains AI-generated content' label he had never noticed; and she used multiple accounts to play both herself and her long-dead mother. The money had gone on cosmetic treatments and clothing; she had a 2009 fraud conviction with a sentence of four and a half years and is now under criminal coercive measures for suspected fraud. Police also said she kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people; no other losses are reported.", "incidentDate": "2025-01-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "year", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-09-15", "aiSystem": "AI video processing ('AI磨皮、场景合成': AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing) used to produce close to 7,000 short videos of a fabricated young 'doctor' persona; tools not identified", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A Shanghai man transferred 170,000 yuan over five months to a fabricated 'doctor' persona whose videos police found were AI-processed; the money is reported spent and no recovery is reported.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One man with a documented loss of 170,000 yuan. Police said the suspect kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten other people, but no loss by anyone else is reported, so they are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://m.gmw.cn/2026-09/16/content_1304564495.htm", "primarySourceLabel": "Guangming Net (光明网), 16 September 2026: 65岁阿姨AI换脸装“90后”美女，谈10多个暧昧对象 (Shanghai police programme 案件聚焦 via 贵阳晚报)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:12:46.86943+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "ai-generated-video", "synthetic-persona", "romance-fraud", "shanghai", "china", "financial-loss", "police-reported", "ai-content-label" ] }, { "id": "2026-russia-chatgpt-phishing-crypto-theft", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'ChatGPT... выдала ссылку на страницу, которая оказалась сайтом мошенников'; '1 904 513 FXRP — примерно $2,1 млн'; 'unlimited approval'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'12 июня 2026 года... обменять токены sFLR на WFLR. Он посоветовался с ChatGPT'; 'ссылка на sceptre.network — точную копию легитимного сервиса sceptre.fi'; '1 904 513 FXRP — примерно $2,1 млн'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'Криптоинвестор потерял около 180 миллионов рублей после перехода по фишинговой ссылке, которую посоветовал ChatGPT'; 'похитили около 2,1 миллиона долларов'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "On 12 June 2026 a Russian-speaking investor asked ChatGPT in Russian where to swap sFLR for WFLR; ChatGPT returned a link to sceptre.network, a phishing clone of sceptre.fi; he connected his wallet, signed an unlimited-approval transaction, and about 1.9 million FXRP (~$2.1 million) were drained.", "causal_attribution": "The on-chain analysis (VAL, carried by s1/s2/s4) and the MVD confirmation (s3) are independent chains for the loss and the ChatGPT-link mechanism." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'фишинговая ссылка появлялась только в ответах на русском языке. При аналогичных запросах на других языках ChatGPT её не выдавал. Мошенники целенаправленно \"отравляли\" данные для русскоязычных пользователей.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'Сейчас фишинговая ссылка больше не появляется в ChatGPT'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The phishing link appeared only in ChatGPT's Russian-language answers, indicating deliberate data-poisoning targeting Russian-speaking users; the link no longer appears.", "causal_attribution": "Reported by the blockchain analyst (VAL) and carried by the Russian tech press; not independently verified by the MVD." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'сообщили РАПСИ в пресс-службе Управления по организации борьбы с противоправным использованием информационно-коммуникационных технологий МВД РФ'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "Russia's Interior Ministry (MVD) confirmed the loss of about 180 million rubles ($2.1 million).", "causal_attribution": "Attributed to the MVD press service via RAPSI." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "crypto investor lost about $2.1 million after acting on a phishing link ChatGPT returned to a Russian-language query", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://bits.media/kriptopoinvestor-lishilsya-2-1-mln-iz-za-ssylki-v-otvete-chatgpt/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-09-04). Relays blockchain analyst VAL's on-chain investigation: sFLR/WFLR query, sceptre.network phishing clone, 1.9M FXRP (~$2.1M) drained via unlimited approval, Tornado Cash routing. Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "val-report" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://vc.ru/ai/3122620-kak-ii-obmanul-kriptovinvestora-na-milliony-dollarov", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-09-05). Names the 12 June 2026 date, alias Alex, the unlimited-approval signing, and that the phishing link appeared only in Russian-language answers. Derives from VAL's report. Model reading.", "independence_group": "val-report" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://rapsinews.ru/digital_law_news/20260911/312188548.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-17 (RAPSI, 11 Sep 2026). Attributes the confirmation to the press service of the MVD's unit for combating unlawful use of ICT: ~180 million rubles / ~$2.1M lost after a ChatGPT-provided phishing link. Independent official confirmation. Model reading.", "independence_group": "mvd" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://hi-tech.mail.ru/news/154924-chatgpt-podsunul-fishingovuyu-ssylku-kriptoinvestor/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-09-07). Russian tech-press account derived from VAL's report. Model reading.", "independence_group": "val-report" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance" ], "unknowns": [ "The investor's full identity and exact location within Russia are not established; only the alias Alex/@vesnuhin is public.", "No arrests or defendants are identified.", "Whether OpenAI has acknowledged or acted on the reported Russian-language data-poisoning is not established in the inspected sources." ], "geography": { "basis": "The investor is Russian-speaking and the case was confirmed by Russia's Interior Ministry (RAPSI). Event and affected-person country recorded as Russia on that basis. No court proceeding established.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "RU" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "RU" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter, which includes fraud and security consequences in scope. A crypto investor acted on a phishing link ChatGPT returned to his Russian-language query and lost about $2.1 million; the loss is confirmed independently by Russia's Interior Ministry and traced on-chain by a blockchain analyst. Causation of the AI's role (surfacing the phishing link) is supported; the theft was executed by scam operators.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-17" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Multiple technology outlets and a blockchain analyst report that the phishing link appeared in ChatGPT's answer to the investor's Russian-language question, and Russia's Interior Ministry confirmed to RAPSI that the loss followed a phishing link ChatGPT provided. The theft itself was executed by the scam operators; ChatGPT's role was surfacing the phishing link, reportedly only in Russian-language responses.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "Russia: a crypto investor lost about $2.1 million after ChatGPT returned a phishing link in answer to a token-swap question", "summary": "On 12 June 2026 a Russian-speaking crypto investor, known by the alias Alex (@vesnuhin), asked ChatGPT in Russian where to swap sFLR for WFLR tokens. ChatGPT's reply included a link to sceptre.network, a phishing clone of the legitimate sceptre.fi. He connected his wallet and signed an unlimited-approval transaction; within seconds about 1.9 million FXRP, worth roughly $2.1 million (about 180 million rubles), were drained. A blockchain analyst traced the theft, and reported that the phishing link appeared only in Russian-language answers. Russia's Interior Ministry (MVD) later confirmed the loss.", "incidentDate": "2026-06-12", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-09-04", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT (OpenAI)", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A crypto investor lost about $2.1 million (some 180 million rubles) after connecting his wallet to a phishing site whose link ChatGPT had returned in answer to a Russian-language token-swap question; Russia's Interior Ministry confirmed the loss.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One affected person: the investor who acted on the ChatGPT-provided link and lost about $2.1 million. VAL's report that a related scheme netted more than $2.2 million from other users is not used as a person count.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "RU", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://bits.media/kriptopoinvestor-lishilsya-2-1-mln-iz-za-ssylki-v-otvete-chatgpt/", "primarySourceLabel": "bits.media, 4 September 2026: crypto investor lost ~$2.1M after a phishing link in a ChatGPT answer (blockchain analyst VAL on-chain analysis)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-17T03:27:42.903846+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "phishing", "crypto", "financial-loss", "data-poisoning", "russia", "communicated-with" ] }, { "id": "2026-kumar-sdt-strike-off-ai-citations", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, Allegation 2.1 findings and the schedule of false/miscited authorities.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "RollOnFriday's listing of the bogus citations.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Allegation 2.1 was found proved: Kumar's 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI, including the non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502', the miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' (in reality an IP case) and a misattributed Baxendale-Walker passage.", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; trade press accounts are consistent." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, Allegation 2.2 findings and the 13 April acceptance.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Allegation 2.2 was found proved: his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted and contained further errors, which he accepted on 13 April 2026.", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, sanction and reasoning passages.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Outer Temple's case note confirming the outcome and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "On 25 August 2026 the SDT struck Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers with culpability 'very high', stating it would have struck him off on either allegation alone; the tribunal invoked Ayinde v Haringey LBC [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin).", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; the 'first AI case' framing comes from the SRA's counsel and is attributed." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, conviction allegation and sentence passages.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court reference (recorded as a discrepancy; the judgment controls).", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "The parallel ground was his 29 January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 — recorded by the judgment as at the Central Criminal Court (RollOnFriday says Isleworth Crown Court, a discrepancy) — sentenced on 26 April 2024 to a 12-month community order with 150 hours' unpaid work.", "causal_attribution": "The conviction ground is established by the judgment; the convicting-court discrepancy across outlets is preserved." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "lawyer struck off after AI-generated false citations in his disciplinary defence", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf", "kind": "tribunal_judgment", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Judgment PDF read on 2026-09-15 (25 Aug 2026): allegations, findings, sanction, panel, and the Ayinde v Haringey invocation.", "independence_group": "sdt" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/lawyer-struck-off-for-using-fake-ai-generated-cases-before-sdt", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026).", "independence_group": "legal-futures" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/foreign-lawyer-produced-ai-generated-false-citations-at-sdt/5127825.article", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026, Hyde).", "independence_group": "law-gazette" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.rollonfriday.com/news-content/first-lawyer-struck-ai-addiction", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026). Colour and the specific bogus citations; its 'AI addiction' framing is editorial joking, not a finding.", "independence_group": "rollonfriday" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.outertemple.com/joshua-hitchens-acts-for-the-sra-in-the-first-solicitors-disciplinary-tribunal-case-on-a-lawyers-use-of-ai/", "kind": "counsel_case_note", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (8 Sep 2026). SRA counsel's chambers' note: case number, dates, judgment link, and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing; participant-side account, recorded as such.", "independence_group": "outer-temple" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "work", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The specific generative AI tool is not named in the inspected accounts.", "The convicting court appears as the Central Criminal Court in the judgment and Isleworth Crown Court in RollOnFriday; the judgment controls but the discrepancy is unresolved in the inspected material.", "Whether Kumar seeks to appeal the strike-off is not reported.", "His employment status after the strike-off is not reported; the Law Gazette's employment background predates it." ], "geography": { "basis": "Events: his practice and the SRA proceedings in England. Affected person: Kumar, on the Register of Foreign Lawyers in England and Wales. Court: the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal; the parallel conviction was at the Central Criminal Court (per the judgment; RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court is a recorded discrepancy).", "court_countries": [ "GB" ], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an own-use, work-context adverse consequence with tribunal-found AI misconduct and a dated, career-ending sanction. This applies the charter's individual-review rule to the AI-sanction class; a class-level ruling is not required. Kumar is named in a public tribunal judgment; the parallel conviction ground is recorded for completeness and is not used to inflate the AI link. RollOnFriday's 'AI addiction' framing is recorded as editorial joking.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Tribunal-found: the 12 March 2026 Answer's misleading quotations and citations were produced with generative AI, and the 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors (accepted 13 April). The specific tool is not named in the inspected accounts.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "SDT strikes solicitor Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after AI-generated false citations in his SRA defence", "summary": "On 25 August 2026 the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal struck Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after finding proved that his 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI — including a non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502' and a miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' that is actually an intellectual-property case — and that his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors. The tribunal said it would have struck him off on that allegation alone; the parallel ground was his January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006. This is the SDT's first case on a lawyer's use of AI, per the SRA's counsel.", "incidentDate": "2026-03-12", "incidentEndDate": "2026-08-25", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-04", "aiSystem": "Generative AI (tool not named in inspected accounts)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "professional_harm", "legal_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Career-ending professional consequence for the lawyer who submitted AI-generated false citations in his own disciplinary defence: struck off the Register of Foreign Lawyers on 25 August 2026, with culpability rated 'very high'.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One documented harmed person: Kumar himself, the AI user struck off (SDT judgment). No client or third-party harm is reported in the inspected sources and none is counted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "regulatory_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal judgment, SRA Ltd v Abhishek Kumar, Case No. 12884-2026 (25 Aug 2026)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T06:18:05.203137+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "work", "justice", "legal-profession", "strike-off", "fabricated-citations", "sdt", "own-use", "uk" ] }, { "id": "2026-aarons-chatgpt-fabricated-testimony-sanction", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1a", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Order passages quoted by Ars: contempt, $5,000 to the Client Protection Fund in 30 days, referral.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Reuters wire: 'on Sept 9' — fine, contempt, referral, and the Sandoval caption.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "ABA Journal, 24 Aug: the $5,000 contempt anticipated from the 21 Aug show-cause hearing (pre-order; advance reporting, context only).", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "By written order of 9 September 2026, the New Mexico Supreme Court held Stephen Aarons in direct contempt, fined him $5,000 payable to the State Bar Client Protection Fund within 30 days, and referred him to the disciplinary board.", "causal_attribution": "The contempt, fine and referral are quoted by Ars Technica and confirmed by the Reuters wire; the ABA Journal's hearing-day account anticipated but could not confirm the later written order. The order PDF itself was not retrieved in this review." }, { "id": "c1b", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Ars: removal, bar pending referral, briefs struck, reassignment (Kim Chavez Cook appointed 2 Sep).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The order also removed Aarons from the case, barred him from appearing before the court pending the disciplinary-board referral, struck the filed briefs and reassigned the appeal to the public defender (Kim Chavez Cook, appointed 2 September 2026).", "causal_attribution": "Single-chain detail from Ars Technica's account of the order; the Reuters wire does not carry these elements." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Ars passages: Rev.com transcript plus record into ChatGPT (o3); the named fabricated witnesses and false attributions; the admission of non-verification.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "ABA Journal: 'admits stupidity over AI errors' at the show-cause hearing.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Reuters headline account: 'ChatGPT invented fake police testimony in murder appeal, New Mexico high court says'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Aarons used ChatGPT (OpenAI o3) on a Rev.com transcript and the case record to draft the brief, which contained fabricated witnesses and testimony — officers 'Michelle Amarillo' and 'Sanchez', Manal Al-Jibury, Teresa Marquez, and false testimony attributed to Danny and Linda Stanton and Mariah Chavez — and misdescribed real precedents; he admitted at the hearing that he had not verified the output.", "causal_attribution": "The fabrication and the admission are established by the attorney's own statements at the hearing and the court's findings as reported; no source reports a denial." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Ars: substitution of the public defender (Kim Chavez Cook, appointed 2 Sep); the court's remark about the client.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The client, Oscar Renee Sandoval, suffers a delayed appeal: the briefs were struck, Aarons was removed, and the public defender was substituted (appointed 2 September 2026); the court told Aarons 'your client is the one suffering'.", "causal_attribution": "Single-chain detail from Ars Technica's account of the order; the delay's length is not stated." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Reuters wire via Straits Times: Sandoval caption, life sentence February 2025, Doña Ana County.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Ars: brief filed ~Aug 2025; State's motion to strike weeks later.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The underlying case is the murder appeal of Oscar Renee Sandoval, sentenced to life in February 2025 in Doña Ana County for killing his partner Shiereen Al-Jibury; the brief was filed around August 2025 and the State moved to strike weeks later.", "causal_attribution": "Background context, attributed to the wire and Ars; the docket number was not confirmed in this review." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "attorney sanctioned for ChatGPT-fabricated testimony; client's appeal delayed", "claim_id": "c1a", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/09/chatgpt-using-lawyer-punished-for-citing-fake-testimony-from-made-up-witnesses/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026, Brodkin). Quotes the 9 September order and the 21 August hearing; names the fabricated witnesses.", "independence_group": "ars" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/chatgpt-invented-fake-police-testimony-in-murder-appeal-new-mexico-high-court-says", "kind": "wire_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026); Straits Times carrying the Reuters wire.", "independence_group": "reuters" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/criminal-defense-attorney-admits-stupidity-over-ai-errors-but-still-receives-sharp-rebuke-from-his-states-high-court", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (24 Aug 2026). Post-hearing report citing the Santa Fe New Mexican; the fine and contempt were anticipated from the hearing, not yet the written order.", "independence_group": "aba-journal" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "work", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The 9 September 2026 order PDF was not directly inspected (nmcourts.gov search empty; form-based case lookup); the claims about it rest on two chains quoting it.", "The underlying docket number is unconfirmed.", "The disciplinary-board process and its outcome are pending.", "The full set of fabricated or misdescribed citations beyond the named examples is not reported.", "The ChatGPT product tier and whether the firm had verification policies are not reported." ], "geography": { "basis": "Events: Santa Fe, New Mexico practice and the Doña Ana County murder case. Affected persons: the attorney and his client, both in New Mexico. Court: New Mexico Supreme Court.", "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an own-use, work-context adverse consequence with a dated, quantified sanction and an admitted, judicially found AI link. This applies the charter's individual-review rule to the AI-sanction class; the retired ordinary_task_failure gate and a class-level ruling are not required. Aarons is a public officer of the court sanctioned by a public order and is named; his client's name appears in the public caption of the appeal. In a 2026-09-15 second pass the original compound first claim was split: the corroborated contempt/fine/referral stand as c1a, and the Ars-only order elements (removal, bar, struck briefs, reassignment) stand as reported c1b. person_relations recorded in the same pass.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The AI link is admitted and judicially found: Aarons fed a Rev.com transcript and the record into ChatGPT (OpenAI o3), and the court's order addresses the fabricated content in the filed brief; he admitted at the show-cause hearing that he had not verified the output.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "New Mexico Supreme Court fines attorney Stephen Aarons $5,000 and removes him from a murder appeal over ChatGPT-fabricated testimony", "summary": "Santa Fe defense attorney Stephen Aarons used ChatGPT (OpenAI's o3) on a Rev.com transcript and the record to draft briefing in the murder appeal of Oscar Renee Sandoval; the brief contained fabricated witnesses and testimony (including police officers 'Michelle Amarillo' and 'Sanchez' and invented testimony attributed to real people) and misdescribed real precedents. After a 21 August 2026 show-cause hearing at which Aarons admitted he had not verified the output, the New Mexico Supreme Court's written order of 9 September 2026 held him in direct contempt, fined him $5,000 payable to the State Bar Client Protection Fund within 30 days, removed him from the case, barred him from appearing before the court pending a disciplinary-board referral, struck the filed briefs and reassigned the appeal to the public defender.", "incidentDate": "2025-08-01", "incidentEndDate": "2026-09-09", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-08-24", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT (OpenAI o3)", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "professional_harm", "legal_harm", "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A dated, quantified professional sanction for the attorney who relied on ChatGPT's output: $5,000 fine, direct-contempt finding, removal from the case, a bar on appearing before the court pending a disciplinary-board referral, and struck briefs; his client's appeal is delayed as a result.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Two documented harmed people. The user: Aarons, sanctioned (court order reported by Ars Technica and Reuters). Another person's use consequence: his client Sandoval, whose appeal is delayed by the struck briefs and the substitution of counsel (Ars quotes the court's 'your client is the one suffering'). No further harmed persons are reported; the victim's family is not counted (no harm to them is reported).", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "regulatory_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/09/chatgpt-using-lawyer-punished-for-citing-fake-testimony-from-made-up-witnesses/", "primarySourceLabel": "Ars Technica (11 Sep 2026) — quotes the 9 Sep order and the 21 Aug show-cause hearing", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T06:16:05.506355+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "work", "justice", "legal-profession", "sanction", "fabricated-citations", "chatgpt", "own-use", "new-mexico" ] } ] }