{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T15:04:38.631Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "voice-over", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 2, "coverage": { "cases": 2, "countries": 1, "languages": 1, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 1, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 0, "coreRelations": 2, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-surat-mp-dholakia-deepfake-old-coin-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'used artificial intelligence to manipulate publicly available videos and photographs of Dholakia, replacing the original audio with a voice-over'; 'created multiple fake Facebook profiles using the name \"Old Coin Company\"'; 'his organisation, SRK, to approach the Surat Cyber Crime Police'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "A publicly available video of MP Govind Dholakia was manipulated with AI and re-voiced to promote high-value old-coin deals; fake 'Old Coin Company' Facebook profiles used his images; his organisation SRK complained to Surat Cyber Crime Police after members of the public contacted him.", "causal_attribution": "Police account reported by India Today; single chain." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Victims were then asked to transfer amounts ranging from Rs 1,000 to Rs 1,500 through UPI'; 'Nine complaints registered on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) across the country have been linked to these accounts, with the total fraud amount reported at approximately Rs 9.84 crore'; 'arresting the two men'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Victims were asked to pay Rs 1,000 to 1,500 by UPI as fees; police arrested two men from Nuh, Haryana, linked ten bank accounts to them and connected nine NCRP complaints totalling about Rs 9.84 crore to those accounts.", "causal_attribution": "Police account reported by India Today; the Rs 9.84 crore figure is the police total for the linked complaints, not necessarily the coin scheme alone." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "people paid UPI 'fees' to an old-coin fraud fronted by an AI-manipulated video of an MP; nine cybercrime complaints linked to the accused's accounts", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/other-cities/story/surat-mp-deepfake-scam-govindbhai-dholakia-old-coin-fraud-two-arrested-2996319-2026-09-16", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy of the India Today report (16 Sep 2026), which names the source URL; it carries the Surat Cyber Crime Police account.", "independence_group": "india-today" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "How much of the Rs 9.84 crore came from the coin scheme versus other frauds through the same accounts is not stated.", "When the video began circulating is not stated.", "Whether the two men have been charged and the case number are not reported.", "The AI tools used are not identified." ], "geography": { "basis": "Complaint and investigation in Surat, Gujarat; arrests in Nuh, Haryana; complainants 'across the country' on the NCRP (India Today). No court proceeding reported yet.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with reported financial harm to identified complainants and a police investigation with arrests. One reputable news chain carrying the police account was read; all claims are recorded as reported. Complainants unnamed; the MP is a public figure named in the police complaint.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Surat police say the accused used artificial intelligence to manipulate the MP's videos and photographs and replace the audio with a voice-over; no forensic detail is published. The artifact depicted and impersonated a public figure; victims dealt with the fraudsters through fake profiles and UPI payments.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Surat, India: a deepfake video of Rajya Sabha MP Govind Dholakia was used to run an 'old coin' buying fraud; two men arrested and nine cybercrime complaints linked to their accounts", "summary": "Surat Cyber Crime Police said a publicly available video of Rajya Sabha MP and diamond industrialist Govind Dholakia was manipulated with AI, its audio replaced by a voice-over in which he appeared to say that people holding old coins or currency notes could contact a number and receive lakhs or crores of rupees. The video circulated on Facebook and Instagram alongside fake 'Old Coin Company' profiles using his photos; people who responded were asked to pay Rs 1,000 to 1,500 by UPI as processing or registration fees and were told of a fabricated Reserve Bank of India warning to win their trust. After members of the public contacted Dholakia, his organisation SRK complained to police. Investigators traced the operation to Nuh in Haryana and arrested two men, aged 25 and 30, from Thathaula village; ten bank accounts were linked to them, and nine complaints on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal from across India, totalling about Rs 9.84 crore, were connected to those accounts.", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-16", "aiSystem": "AI video manipulation with a replaced voice-over impersonating MP Govind Dholakia (tools not named)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "People who responded to an AI-manipulated video of an MP paid fees to fraudsters; police linked nine cybercrime complaints totalling about Rs 9.84 crore to the accused's bank accounts. The MP's identity and likeness were misused, prompting his organisation to complain.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 9, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Police linked nine complaints on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal to the accused's bank accounts (India Today). Each complaint is treated as one complainant; the reported Rs 9.84 crore total may include other frauds through the same accounts, and people who paid small fees without complaining are uncounted. Documented minimum of nine.", "victimAgeRange": "unknown", "jurisdiction": "IN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/other-cities/story/surat-mp-deepfake-scam-govindbhai-dholakia-old-coin-fraud-two-arrested-2996319-2026-09-16", "primarySourceLabel": "India Today, 16 Sep 2026: Deepfake of Surat MP used to promote fake coins, two arrested in Rs 9.8 crore fraud (Surat Cyber Crime Police account)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-18T03:25:12.535823+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "voice-over", "public-figure-impersonation", "fraud", "india", "gujarat", "surat", "haryana", "facebook", "instagram", "upi" ] }, { "id": "2026-tamil-nadu-cm-vijay-deepfake-financial-aid-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'deepfake videos in which Vijay was shown speaking in Hindi and asking people to contact a WhatsApp number'; 'arrested on September 12 and handed over to Tamil Nadu Police'; 'A case was registered in Tamil Nadu on Sept 1'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'an AI-generated version of Vijay speaking in a fabricated Hindi voice'; 'arrested on September 12 in Alwar district'; 'registered a case on September 1'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "AI-generated videos showing a simulated Chief Minister Vijay with a Hindi voice-over asked viewers to contact a WhatsApp number for financial aid; the CB-CID registered a case on 1 September 2026 and on 12 September a 28-year-old Alwar man was arrested and remanded in Tamil Nadu.", "causal_attribution": "Reported by the Rajasthan police side (TOI) and the Tamil Nadu CB-CID side (India Today) independently." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'used to cheat several people in Madhya Pradesh and other states'; 'The CBCID also traced a man in Madhya Pradesh who had lost money in the fraud'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'the scam had already claimed victims in Madhya Pradesh and other states'; 'statements from a victim in Madhya Pradesh'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'attempts were made to cheat people in several states, including Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "People in Madhya Pradesh and other states lost money to the scheme; the CB-CID traced a Madhya Pradesh man who lost money and recorded his statement.", "causal_attribution": "Police account; TOI's Rajasthan-side wording ('attempts were made to cheat') is weaker than the CB-CID's ('lost money'), so the claim is recorded as reported." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "people in Madhya Pradesh and other states lost money to deepfake 'financial assistance' videos of the Chief Minister; one victim documented", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/raj-man-held-for-ai-deepfake-fraud-using-tamil-nadu-cm-vijays-videos/articleshow/134294900.cms", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (Times of India, Jaipur, 16 Sep 2026). Rajasthan-side account with Alwar SP and Lakshmangarh station quotations.", "independence_group": "toi-jaipur" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cm-vijay-ai-deepfake-scam-tamil-nadu-cbcid-arrests-rajasthan-man-2994535-2026-09-14", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (India Today, 14 Sep 2026). CB-CID account including the Madhya Pradesh victim and the Pakistan-linked accounts.", "independence_group": "cbcid-release" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.newspointapp.com/english/top-news/rajasthan-man-held-for-circulating-deepfake-video-of-tn-cm-udayavani/articleshow/1450482066292b26f3fe72876b1dda49906109bd", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy (Udayavani/PTI, 15 Sep 2026). Official-release account; same chain as the CB-CID statement.", "independence_group": "cbcid-release" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The number of defrauded people and the amounts lost are not published.", "When the videos began circulating is not stated; the case was registered on 1 September.", "Whether the accused acted alone and who operates the Pakistan-linked accounts remain under investigation.", "The AI tools used are not identified." ], "geography": { "basis": "Case registered by the Tamil Nadu CB-CID; arrest in Alwar district, Rajasthan; victims traced in Madhya Pradesh (India Today, TOI). Remand in Tamil Nadu.", "court_countries": [ "IN" ], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a documented human consequence: a public figure's likeness and voice were fabricated to solicit money and at least one identified victim lost money, with an arrest and remand. Three sources read across two independent reporting chains; defrauded people unnamed; the accused is not named here because outlets spell his name inconsistently.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Police describe AI-generated videos with a simulated likeness of the Chief Minister and a fabricated Hindi voice; no forensic detail is published. The AI artifact depicted and impersonated a public figure; the defrauded people dealt with the fraudsters over WhatsApp.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "India: AI deepfake videos of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Vijay offering 'financial assistance' were used to defraud people in Madhya Pradesh and other states; a Rajasthan man was arrested", "summary": "In 2026 AI-generated videos showing a simulated Tamil Nadu Chief Minister C. Joseph Vijay speaking in a fabricated Hindi voice circulated on Facebook and other platforms, urging viewers to contact a WhatsApp number to receive money for education, medical treatment and other needs. The Tamil Nadu Crime Branch-CID detected the videos during routine monitoring, registered a case on 1 September 2026 under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Information Technology Act, and traced the scheme to Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. On 12 September a 28-year-old man from Alwar district was arrested with Rajasthan Police, brought to Tamil Nadu on a transit warrant and remanded in judicial custody; a phone, SIM cards and a CPU were seized. Investigators traced a man in Madhya Pradesh who had lost money, and said people in several states were cheated. The CB-CID is also examining similar videos posted from Facebook accounts suspected to be run from Pakistan.", "incidentDate": "2026-09-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-14", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake video and synthetic Hindi voice-over of Chief Minister Vijay (tools not named)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "People in Madhya Pradesh and other states lost money after responding to AI deepfake videos of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister promising financial help; the Chief Minister's likeness and voice were fabricated for the fraud. One victim's loss is documented through his police statement; the number and amounts are not published.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The CB-CID traced one man in Madhya Pradesh who lost money and gave a statement (India Today; Newspoint/PTI); police say people in 'several states' were cheated without a count. One counted plus unquantified others: partial. The Chief Minister is not counted as a harmed person.", "victimAgeRange": "unknown", "jurisdiction": "IN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cm-vijay-ai-deepfake-scam-tamil-nadu-cbcid-arrests-rajasthan-man-2994535-2026-09-14", "primarySourceLabel": "India Today, 14 Sep 2026: Pak-linked accounts spread CM Vijay's deepfakes to dupe people; one arrested (Tamil Nadu CB-CID account)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-18T03:25:10.709351+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "voice-clone", "public-figure-impersonation", "fraud", "india", "tamil-nadu", "rajasthan", "madhya-pradesh", "facebook", "whatsapp" ] } ] }