{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T14:47:32.606Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "university",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "2025",
      "response": "regulatory",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 2,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 2,
      "countries": 2,
      "languages": 3,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 0,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 2,
      "minors": 1,
      "coreRelations": 2,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 0,
      "relationPending": 0,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2026-cileungsi-bogor-students-ai-deepfake-pornography",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Ratusan pelajar di Cileungsi, Kabupaten Bogor, diedit pakai AI dan dijadikan konten pornografi. Kasus itu kini diselidiki kepolisian.'; 'Sejauh ini yang di kami baru lapor tiga orang, tapi satu laporan, kita masih dalami kasus tersebut termasuk si pembuat kontennya siapa'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Polres Bogor is investigating a report that pupils in Cileungsi had their faces edited with AI into pornographic content; three pupils have reported in one police report, and police are still identifying the maker and the program used.",
            "causal_attribution": "Police statement; the police attribute nothing yet to a named person."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'ratusan pelajar sekolah swasta di Cileungsi Bogor menjadi korban deepfake AI dimana wajah mereka dimanipulasi dan diubah menjadi konten tidak senonoh'; 'pelaku mencuri foto korban dari akun media sosial masing-masing pelajar'; 'ada beberapa website yang sudah pernah diunggah seperti website judol dan lain-lain'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'kasus bermula setelah korban mendapat informasi dari temannya bahwa ada seseorang yang diduga membuat konten menggunakan wajahnya melalui teknologi AI'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "According to the witnesses' lawyer, hundreds of pupils of a private school in Cileungsi had photographs taken from their social-media accounts manipulated into nude photographs and pornographic videos, some uploaded to websites including an online-gambling site.",
            "causal_attribution": "Lawyer's account of the scale; police confirm only the three complainants and the AI-edited content."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Kepolisian sudah mengantongi dua nama yang dilaporkan sebagai pelaku'; 'sebagai inisiator dan pembuat konten'; 'pelaku mengakui saat ditanya'; 'menemukan adanya ribuan foto serta video yang diduga hasil manipulasi AI di smartphone milik terduga pelaku'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Two former pupils have been reported as suspects, in the roles of initiator and content maker, and are said by the lawyer to have admitted the acts to witnesses; police reportedly found thousands of suspected AI-manipulated photos and videos on a suspect's phone.",
            "causal_attribution": "Allegations relayed by the victims' lawyer; no charge announced."
          },
          {
            "id": "c4",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Meski baru dilaporkan pada 19 Mei 2026, kasus ini diduga sudah berlangsung semenjak 2025 lalu, bahkan saat semua pihak (termasuk pelaku) masih berstatus pelajar'; 'terduga pelaku disebut telah lulus dari sekolah, beberapa korban masih berstatus pelajar dan beberapa lainnya sudah berstatus mahasiswa'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The case was reported to police on 19 May 2026 and is believed to have run since 2025 while all involved were pupils; the suspects have since graduated and some victims are now university students.",
            "causal_attribution": "Timeline as reported by Uzone/Pojok Bogor."
          },
          {
            "id": "c5",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Kita tidak bisa berasumsi saja, harus jelas, apalagi ini terkait Undang-Undang ITE, harus tahu benar dia yang membuat atau tidak, harus ada buktinya yang jelas'; 'penanganan perkara masih berada pada tahap awal'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Police say the investigation is at an early stage, that they must establish with clear evidence who made the content under the ITE Law, and that tracing the AI program used is a challenge.",
            "causal_attribution": "Police statement."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "pupils' social-media photographs were turned into AI pornographic images and videos, some uploaded to public websites; three have filed a police report and the victims' lawyer says hundreds were affected",
            "claim_id": "c2",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/ratusan-pelajar-di-bogor-jadi-korban-pornografi-deepfake-ai-polisi-selidiki-28CxcCG6rv6",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "id",
            "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (Kumparan, 18 September 2026; quotes the Polres Bogor unit head by phone). Quotations translated by the reviewer.",
            "independence_group": "polres-bogor-statement"
          },
          {
            "id": "s2",
            "url": "https://uzone.id/ratusan-pelajar-cileungsi-jadi-korban-deepfake-ai-foto-jadi-porno",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "id",
            "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (Uzone, relaying Pojok Bogor of 17 September 2026 and the witnesses' lawyer). The Pojok Bogor original was not fetched; grouped as one lawyer-account chain.",
            "independence_group": "pojok-bogor-lawyer-account"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "education",
          "privacy"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "The number of victims is disputed in scale: police count three complainants, the lawyer says hundreds.",
          "The AI tools used are not identified.",
          "No arrest, charge or court proceeding is reported; the suspects' admissions are relayed by the lawyer, not confirmed by police.",
          "The school is not named in the inspected reports and is not recorded here.",
          "The Pojok Bogor original article (16-17 September 2026) was not directly read; its account is taken from Uzone's relay."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Private school in Cileungsi, Bogor Regency, West Java; Polres Bogor investigating (Kumparan, Uzone). No court proceeding yet.",
          "court_countries": [],
          "event_countries": [
            "ID"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "ID"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an image-based-abuse series against school pupils with a police-confirmed report and a lawyer-described scale, read in Indonesian from two chains (police via Kumparan; the victims' lawyer via Uzone/Pojok Bogor). Claims recorded as reported; the scale is attributed. Minors: no names, no school name, suspects' initials omitted; no imagery described beyond 'nude photographs and pornographic videos'.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "Police describe the content as made with AI technology and say they are still tracing the program used; the victims' lawyer describes AI-manipulated nude photos and pornographic videos, and thousands of suspected AI-manipulated files found on a suspect's phone. No tool is named and no forensic finding has been published.",
          "status": "reported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "Cileungsi, Bogor Regency, Indonesia: photographs of private-school pupils taken from social media were turned into AI pornographic images and videos, reportedly since 2025; three pupils have filed a joint police report, the victims' lawyer says hundreds were affected, and two former pupils are named as suspects",
      "summary": "Bogor Regency police confirmed on 18 September 2026 that they are investigating a report that pupils of a private school in Cileungsi had their faces edited with artificial intelligence into pornographic content. The head of the women-and-children unit told Kumparan that so far three pupils had reported in a single police report, that the case began when a victim heard from a friend that someone was making content with their face using AI technology, and that investigators were still establishing who made the content and which program was used, under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. A lawyer for the witnesses, quoted by Pojok Bogor and Uzone, says the victims number in the hundreds; that two former pupils, one as initiator and one as maker, have been reported and admitted the acts to witnesses; that police found thousands of suspected AI-manipulated photos and videos on a suspect's phone, some uploaded to websites including an online-gambling site; and that the case, reported on 19 May 2026, is believed to have run since 2025 while all involved were still pupils, some victims now being university students. Police say the case is at an early stage and asked the public not to draw conclusions.",
      "incidentDate": "2025-01-01",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "year",
      "exposurePattern": "unknown",
      "reportedDate": "2026-05-19",
      "aiSystem": "AI image- and video-manipulation tools (not identified; police say the program used is still being traced)",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "credible",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "exploitation_or_abuse",
        "psychological_distress",
        "reputational_harm"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "Pupils of a Cileungsi private school had their social-media photographs turned into AI pornographic images and videos, some reportedly uploaded to public websites; three have filed a police report and the victims' lawyer says hundreds were affected and asks for a swift process so they can focus on their studies. Attribution to the reported suspects rests on the lawyer's account of their admissions and on police examination of a phone; police have not announced charges.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "alleged",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 3,
      "affectedCountStatus": "partial",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "Police: three pupils have reported in one police report (Kumparan, 18 Sep 2026). The victims' lawyer says the victims number in the hundreds (Uzone/Pojok Bogor). Three counted people plus additional unquantified victims: partial. 'Thousands of photos and videos' is a content count, not a person count.",
      "victimAgeRange": "minor",
      "jurisdiction": "ID",
      "platformType": "other",
      "outcomeType": "investigation_opened",
      "outcomeStatus": "ongoing",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/ratusan-pelajar-di-bogor-jadi-korban-pornografi-deepfake-ai-polisi-selidiki-28CxcCG6rv6",
      "primarySourceLabel": "Kumparan, 18 September 2026: Ratusan Pelajar di Bogor Jadi Korban Pornografi Deepfake AI, Polisi Selidiki (Polres Bogor women-and-children unit statement)",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-19T03:17:35.203873+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfake",
        "ncii",
        "minors",
        "school",
        "indonesia",
        "bogor",
        "cileungsi",
        "police-investigation",
        "image-based-abuse"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2025-hku-deepfake-scandal",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'a University of Hong Kong (HKU) law student fabricated pornographic deepfakes of at least 20 women'; 'no allegation so far that the student spread the deepfake images'; 'a friend discovered the images on the student's laptop'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'Around 20 to 30 women... were affected'; 'in February, the student had admitted to using screenshots of the social media accounts... to generate pornographic images using free online artificial intelligence software'; 'there were 700 images involved - including deepfakes as well as unedited images'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'The images were organized into folders named after the victims, totaling 700+ images'; 'discovered on his laptop reported to the university in February'; 'not known to have been widely distributed'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "In February 2025 an HKU law student was found to have used free online AI software to make indecent/deepfake images of some 20 to 30 women (about 700 image files including deepfakes and unedited saved photos), taken from their social-media accounts; there was no allegation he distributed them.",
            "causal_attribution": "The victims' Instagram account (carried by HKFP and NBC) and AFP reporting (CBS); the 700 figure is images, and outlets vary between 'at least 20' and '20 to 30' women."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'The University has already issued him a warning letter and demanded him a formal apology'; the 60-word apology letter; 'class adjustments'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'HKU proposed a verbal reprimand and warning letter'; the ~60-word apology 'most victims found... insincere'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'The university said it had issued a warning letter to the student and told him to apologise'; lawmakers/advocates' criticism.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s4"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "HKU initially issued a warning letter and demanded an apology (about 60 words, shown to victims in April 2025), and made class adjustments; the response drew wide criticism after victims went public on 12 July 2025.",
            "causal_attribution": "HKU statements and the victims' account, carried by three outlets."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Hong Kong's Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data said Tuesday... has begun a criminal investigation into the incident'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'The probe, announced Tuesday by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Hong Kong's Privacy Commissioner opened a criminal investigation on 15 July 2025.",
            "causal_attribution": "PCPD announcement, 15 July 2025."
          },
          {
            "id": "c4",
            "status": "documented",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'私隱專員公署今日（17 日）宣布，因證據不足未能進一步跟進... 由於未有受害人願意提供進一步資料，目前未有足夠證據提出起訴'; 'AI 深度偽造技術（Deepfake）投訴... 5 宗'; new school/parent guidance.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s5"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "On 17 December 2025 the PCPD announced it was ending the investigation for insufficient evidence, as no victim was willing to provide further information, and released anti-deepfake guidance for schools and parents.",
            "causal_attribution": "unwire.hk report of the PCPD press conference (Privacy Commissioner Ada Chung), 17 December 2025."
          },
          {
            "id": "c5",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'under section 159AAE of the Crimes Ordinance, it is unlawful to disseminate deepfake intimate images... without their consent'; creation not covered.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'the city's regulations covered acts of voyeurism and the publication or distribution of images - rather than their creation'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s4"
              },
              {
                "locator": "'Hong Kong law only criminalises the distribution of intimate images... but not the generation of them'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Hong Kong law criminalises publication or distribution of non-consensual intimate images (including AI-generated ones) but not their mere creation, leaving victims without a clear route to prosecution.",
            "causal_attribution": "Legal analysis carried by three outlets and the victims' statement."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "some 20 to 30 women had indecent and deepfake images generated from their social-media photos; distress, shared classes with the accused, and no redress after the probe closed",
            "claim_id": "c1",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ai-generated-porn-scandal-university-of-hong-kong/",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 via the Internet Archive capture 20251105074941 (CBS live returns HTTP 406); datePublished 2025-07-15. CBS/AFP: at least 20 women, PCPD criminal probe, legal gap.",
            "independence_group": "afp"
          },
          {
            "id": "s2",
            "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/world/asia/hong-kong-opens-criminal-probe-ai-generated-porn-scandal-citys-oldest-rcna219046",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 (live, datePublished 2025-07-17). NBC News: 700+ images in victim-named folders, warning letter and 60-word apology, class adjustments, John Lee comment.",
            "independence_group": "nbc"
          },
          {
            "id": "s3",
            "url": "https://hongkongfp.com/2025/07/14/hku-student-who-allegedly-made-700-ai-generated-indecent-images-inc-of-classmates-gets-warning-letter/",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 (live, datePublished 2025-07-13, correction 2025-07-14). HKFP: 20-30 women, February discovery, 700 images (deepfakes plus unedited), March disciplinary request, ragging analysis.",
            "independence_group": "hkfp"
          },
          {
            "id": "s4",
            "url": "https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3318047/hong-kong-should-ban-ai-generated-porn-protect-victims-ngo-and-lawmakers",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 (live, datePublished 2025-07-13). SCMP: advocates and lawmakers on the creation-vs-distribution legal gap; Education Bureau comment.",
            "independence_group": "scmp"
          },
          {
            "id": "s5",
            "url": "https://unwire.hk/2025/12/17/hku-ai-deepfake-case-privacy-investigation-insufficient-evidence/fun-tech/",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "zh",
            "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2025-12-17). unwire.hk on the PCPD press conference: probe ended for insufficient evidence, no victim willing to provide further information, 20-30 victims, five deepfake complaints that year, new school/parent guidance. Model reading; no human bilingual review.",
            "independence_group": "unwire"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "education",
          "privacy",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "The student is not identified beyond 'a male law student' and faced no prosecution; whether HKU took any further disciplinary action is not established.",
          "The exact number of women is reported as 20 to 30 (NBC: 'more than a dozen'); the precise count is unresolved.",
          "The creation start date is reported by The Standard as about May 2024 but is not firmly established in the sources read here.",
          "Whether any victim later came forward with evidence after the December 2025 closure is not established."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Event: the University of Hong Kong; victims are HKU-connected women in Hong Kong (CBS, NBC, HKFP, SCMP). The PCPD is a regulator, not a court, and no prosecution followed, so court_countries is empty.",
          "court_countries": [],
          "event_countries": [
            "HK"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "HK"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Restored from the deletion of historical artifact rows and converted to facts-v3 under the 2026-09-15 charter, which brings non-consensual AI imagery and harmful artifacts into scope. Some 20 to 30 women had indecent AI images generated from their photos; the harm and the closed investigation are documented across CBS/AFP, NBC, HKFP, SCMP and unwire.hk. First-publication timestamp preserved.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-17"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "Multiple outlets and the victims' own account report the student used free online AI software to generate indecent/deepfake images from the women's social-media photos; the student admitted using the software (per the victims' account carried by HKFP and NBC). The specific tools are not named.",
          "status": "supported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "University of Hong Kong: a law student made about 700 indecent AI-generated images of some 20 to 30 classmates and teachers; the privacy watchdog opened then closed a criminal probe",
      "summary": "In February 2025 a University of Hong Kong (HKU) law student was found, by friends who saw the files on his laptop, to have used free online AI software to make about 700 indecent and deepfake images of some 20 to 30 women, including university and former schoolmates and secondary-school teachers, using photos taken from their social media. Victims went public in July 2025, and HKU's initial response, a warning letter and a demand that he apologise, drew wide criticism. Hong Kong's Privacy Commissioner opened a criminal investigation on 15 July 2025 but announced on 17 December 2025 that it was ending the probe for insufficient evidence, as no victim was willing to provide further information. Hong Kong law criminalised distribution, not creation, of such images.",
      "incidentDate": "2025-02-01",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "month",
      "exposurePattern": "unknown",
      "reportedDate": "2025-07-12",
      "aiSystem": "AI deepfake / image-generation software (free online tools, not named)",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "credible",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "psychological_distress",
        "reputational_harm",
        "exploitation_or_abuse"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "Some 20 to 30 women had indecent and deepfake images of themselves generated with AI from their social-media photos; victims reported distress and had to share classes with the accused, and the criminal investigation was closed for insufficient evidence, leaving them without redress.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 20,
      "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "CBS and Hong Kong Free Press report 20 to 30 women affected; NBC reports 'more than a dozen'; the PCPD (December 2025) referred to 20 to 30 victims. Documented minimum of 20; the ~700 figure counts images (deepfakes plus unedited saved photos), not people, and is not used as a person count.",
      "victimAgeRange": "adult",
      "jurisdiction": "HK",
      "platformType": "other",
      "outcomeType": "investigation_opened",
      "outcomeStatus": "resolved",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://hongkongfp.com/2025/07/14/hku-student-who-allegedly-made-700-ai-generated-indecent-images-inc-of-classmates-gets-warning-letter/",
      "primarySourceLabel": "Hong Kong Free Press, 13-14 July 2025: HKU student who allegedly made 700 AI-generated indecent images, inc. of classmates, gets warning letter",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T09:52:32.902523+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfakes",
        "hong-kong",
        "university",
        "ncii",
        "sexual-images",
        "legal-gap",
        "investigation",
        "east-asia",
        "depicted-or-impersonated"
      ]
    }
  ]
}