{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-17T08:15:06.356Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"thesis","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":1,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":1,"minors":0,"coreRelations":3,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-italy-tv-satire-show-ai-deepfakes-of-journalist-mentana-privacy-regulator-warns-broadcaster","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'per alcuni servizi di Striscia la Notizia, nei quali l’immagine e la voce di Enrico Mentana erano state manipolate mediante l’impiego di sistemi di intelligenza artificiale.'; 'Nei filmati venivano attribuite al noto giornalista dichiarazioni mai pronunciate, mentre la sua immagine era collocata virtualmente nello studio televisivo dell’emittente per la quale lavora.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'servizi costruiti prendendo come spunto fatti che hanno coinvolto diversi personaggi pubblici e accompagnandoli con commenti di vario genere pronunciati dal deepfake del reclamante doppiato con sistemi di intelligenza artificiale'; 'è stata utilizzata l’immagine reale del reclamante, ripresa peraltro all’interno dello studio televisivo da cui il medesimo dirige un telegiornale di fascia serale, alterandone la genuinità attraverso un doppiaggio effettuato con strumenti tali da non rendere chiaramente percepibile l’esistenza della predetta alterazione'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Striscia la Notizia aired segments in which the image and voice of journalist Enrico Mentana were manipulated with AI systems, attributing to him statements he never made while placing his image in the studio of the channel he works for.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's findings in its decision and press release; R.T.I. itself describes computer-generated dubbing."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'nella puntata di venerdì 8 novembre manderà in onda un servizio che vedrà protagonista Enrico Mentana, ma in versione deepfake, ovvero con voce e immagini generati dall’intelligenza artificiale.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A preview published on 8 November 2024 describes a Striscia la Notizia segment airing that evening in which a deepfake Mentana, with voice and images generated by AI, commented on a game show.","causal_attribution":"A press preview of the programme; it establishes that such segments aired from at least November 2024, not which segments the complaint listed (the decision redacts their dates)."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'moltissime persone hanno creduto che i video, prodotti da Striscia la Notizia e divulgati sul mezzo televisivo e sui social, fossero reali'; 'rivelano come molte persone siano convinte che le dichiarazioni siano autentiche, determinando con ciò una gravissima lesione dell’onore, della reputazione e della propria professionalità'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Mentana complained to the Garante that many people believed the videos were real and that users' insulting comments showed serious harm to his honour, reputation and professionalism.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's submissions as recorded in the decision."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'il realismo delle immagini, la scarsa percepibilità dell’alterazione e la plausibilità delle dichiarazioni avrebbero potuto indurre il pubblico a ritenere autentici i contenuti. Anche le avvertenze sulla natura artificiale dei video non sono state ritenute sufficientemente chiare'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'amplificando altresì il rischio di farne veicolo di disinformazione per il pubblico, come confermato dai numerosi messaggi di scherno e/o di offesa ricevuti via social dal reclamante'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Garante found that the content could lead the public to consider it authentic, that the warnings were not sufficiently clear, and that the real studio setting amplified the risk of disinformation, as confirmed by the numerous mocking or offensive messages Mentana received on social media.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's findings; the regulator's reference to the messages rests on material in the complaint."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il Garante ha quindi accertato la violazione dell’articolo 5 del GDPR'; 'ha adottato nei confronti di R.T.I. Spa un provvedimento di ammonimento e ha vietato l’ulteriore utilizzo dei dati di Enrico Mentana con le modalità contestate'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'dispone il divieto di ulteriore trattamento dei dati del reclamante con le modalità sopra descritte, eccettuata la mera conservazione degli stessi ai fini di un loro eventuale utilizzo in sede giudiziaria'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Garante found breaches of GDPR Articles 5 and 25, warned R.T.I. and prohibited further processing of Mentana's data in the contested way, except retention for judicial use.","causal_attribution":"The dispositive part of the decision."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'l’unica attività realizzata da R.T.I. è stata quella di disporre, con riguardo ai predetti filmati, il doppiaggio del dott. Mentana, con voce diversa dalla sua, attraverso appositi sistemi informativi'; 'la finalità dei servizi oggetto di reclamo è quella di esercitare il diritto di satira ricorrendo all’imitazione del reclamante'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"R.T.I. argued that its only intervention was dubbing licensed footage with a different, computer-generated voice, that the segments were satire, and that disclaimers made clear it was not the real Mentana speaking.","causal_attribution":"The broadcaster's submissions as recorded in the decision; the Garante did not accept them."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI deepfake segments attributing invented statements to a journalist","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"mocking or offensive messages and risk to reputation found by the regulator","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10281135","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Garante press release of 7 August 2026; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"garante-privacy"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10281021","kind":"official_record","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Garante decision of 23 July 2026 (doc. web 10281021), read in full; dates and names of counsel are redacted as XX; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"garante-privacy"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://dilei.it/spettacolo/striscia-la-notizia-enrico-mentana-svela-il-vero-volto-stefano-de-martino/1587080/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. DiLei entertainment preview, 8 November 2024; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"dilei-8-nov-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which segments the complaint covered and when they aired; the decision redacts the dates.","Which AI tools were used.","Whether R.T.I. challenged the decision in court and what measures it reported to the Garante."],"geography":{"basis":"The segments were aired by R.T.I. (Reti Televisive Italiane) on Striscia la Notizia and investigated by Italy's data protection authority; the depicted person is the director of La7's news bulletin. His country of residence is not stated. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): Italy's data protection authority found that a broadcaster's AI deepfakes of a journalist could be taken as authentic, noted the offensive messages he received, warned the broadcaster and barred further use. The journalist is a public figure who brought the complaint and is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Italy's data protection authority, after an investigation of the complaint, states that the journalist's image and voice were manipulated with AI systems in the segments and that statements he never made were attributed to him; the broadcaster told the authority it dubbed the footage with a computer-generated voice. The authority found the content could be taken as authentic and cited the mocking or offensive messages he received, which is the reported harm.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Italy's privacy regulator warns broadcaster R.T.I. and bars further use of AI deepfakes of journalist Enrico Mentana in Striscia la Notizia segments","summary":"The satirical television programme Striscia la Notizia, published by R.T.I., aired segments in which the image and voice of the journalist Enrico Mentana, director of La7's news bulletin, were, according to the Garante, manipulated with AI systems so that he appeared in his own studio making statements he never made (its decision describes real footage from his studio altered by AI dubbing); a November 2024 preview describes one such segment. After Mentana complained, Italy's data protection authority (Garante) found on 23 July 2026 that the realism of the images, the low perceptibility of the alteration and the plausibility of the statements could lead the public to think the content authentic, and that the disclaimers were not clear enough. It found breaches of GDPR Articles 5 and 25, issued a warning to R.T.I. and prohibited further processing of his data in that way. The Garante noted the numerous mocking or offensive messages he received on social media. R.T.I. argued that the segments were satire, that it only dubbed licensed footage with a computer-generated voice, and that its disclaimers made the deepfake evident. No fine was imposed.","incidentDate":"2024-11-08","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-08-07","aiSystem":"AI systems used by the programme to manipulate the journalist's image and voice (the Garante); R.T.I. describes computer-generated dubbing of licensed footage. No product is named.","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Italy's data protection authority found that AI deepfakes of a journalist on a satirical TV programme could be taken as authentic and noted the numerous mocking or offensive messages he received; it warned the broadcaster and barred further use.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the journalist depicted in the deepfakes, whose complaint the Garante upheld (decision 10281021). Viewers are an audience and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10281135","primarySourceLabel":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, press release, 7 August 2026: stop to satirical deepfakes of Enrico Mentana","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:08:22.075012+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:08:22.075012+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","voice_synthesis","television","satire","data_protection_authority","gdpr"]},{"id":"2024-beijing-internet-court-ai-synthesised-voice-of-older-parenting-educator-in-book-sales-videos-company-liable","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年，某文化公司为销售家庭育儿类图书，委托带货主播制作短视频开展商业推广。'; '主播发布的多条宣传视频中'; '公开演讲、授课的画面片段'; '同时配置AI合成音频'; '用户点击视频跳转链接，可直接进入该文化公司店铺购买图书。'; '在教育、育儿领域具有一定知名度'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'在“带货主播利用AI技术实施侵权案”中，商家未经许可合成老年人声音用于商业宣传，该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In 2024 a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host to make promotional short videos; several videos used clips of the plaintiff's public lectures with AI-synthesised audio closely resembling the plaintiff's voice, linked viewers to the company's shop, and were not authorised by the plaintiff.","causal_attribution":"The facts are the court's account in its 16 October 2026 release, relayed by The Paper (detail) and China News Service (the vice-president's summary). Both depend on the same release, so the claim is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法院审理认为，判断AI合成声音是否构成对自然人声音权益的侵害，核心在于能否识别特定自然人。'; '本案中文化公司未对素材授权情况进行审查，存在过失，与带货主播构成共同侵权，据此判决该文化公司赔礼道歉，并赔偿经济损失及维权合理支出。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的，构成对其人格权益的侵害；委托方未尽审查注意义务的，承担连带责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Beijing Internet Court held that the AI-synthesised voice, used with the plaintiff's image and public profile, was identifiable as the plaintiff's and infringed the plaintiff's portrait and voice rights; it found the company, which had not checked the material's authorisation, jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and compensate economic losses and reasonable costs.","causal_attribution":"The ruling is attributed to the court as relayed from its release; the judgment text was not read, so the claim is reported rather than documented. The court's finding establishes the infringement for the purposes of the case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'在北京互联网法院10月16日发布的涉老年人网络侵权典型案例中'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'这是记者16日从北京互联网法院涉老年人网络侵权案件审理情况新闻发布会上获悉的。'; '已出现非法使用AI技术深度合成老年人肖像或声音用于不当目的的情形'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court released the case on 16 October 2026 at a press conference on online infringement cases involving older people, and said that AI deep synthesis of older people's portraits or voices for improper purposes has appeared in such cases.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the same press conference."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice imitated by AI-synthesised audio and image used without consent in sales videos; court found portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered compensation (court account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. The Paper's report of a case from the Beijing Internet Court's 16 October 2026 release of typical cases on online infringement involving older people ('据通报').","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/10-16/10715820.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service report of the same Beijing Internet Court press conference, quoting the court's vice-president.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The judgment date, the amounts awarded and whether the host was a party to the suit.","The tool used to synthesise the voice, the platform, and the number of videos and viewers.","The text of the judgment; both reports rest on the court's release.","How the court established that the audio was AI-synthesised; the reports do not give the technical basis."],"geography":{"basis":"The Beijing Internet Court decided the case. The reports anonymise the parties and do not say where the company or host was based, where the videos were published or where the plaintiff lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): according to the Beijing Internet Court's account, a sales host's promotional videos used AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice without consent, and the court found the commissioning company jointly liable and ordered an apology and compensation. One reporting chain (the court's release, read in two outlets); the parties are anonymised by the court.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's account, relayed by The Paper, says the host's videos set clips of the plaintiff's lectures to AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, and the court decided the case as an AI-synthesised voice infringement; China News Service quotes the court's vice-president describing the merchant's unauthorised synthesis of the older person's voice. The AI output is the synthesised voice imitating the plaintiff (depicted_or_impersonated), which the court found identifiable and infringing. The tool is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court says a sales host's videos for a book company used an older parenting educator's AI-synthesised voice without consent; company liable","summary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, released on 16 October 2026 among typical cases on online infringement involving older people, a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host in 2024 to make promotional short videos. The videos used clips of public lectures and classes given by an older person with some public profile in education and parenting, combined with AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled that person's voice, and linked viewers to the company's shop. Neither the images nor the audio had been authorised. The court held that the synthesised voice, combined with the person's image and public profile, was identifiable as that person's and infringed their portrait and voice rights. The company had not checked whether the material was authorised, so the court found it jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and to compensate economic losses and reasonable costs of the claim. The amounts, the judgment date and the tool are not reported.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-16","aiSystem":"AI-synthesised audio, made with a tool the court account does not name, whose timbre, intonation and speech rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, set over clips of the plaintiff's public lectures in a livestream sales host's promotional short videos (court account)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice was used without consent, with clips of the educator's lectures, to sell books; the court found the person's portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered the commissioning company to apologise and compensate economic losses and costs.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the plaintiff whose voice and image the court found were used without authorisation (court account relayed by The Paper). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper, 16 October 2026: court case on AI-cloned voice of an older person used in livestream book sales","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","portrait-rights","livestream-selling","court-ruling","older-people","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-china-wang-ai-faceswap-defamation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年4月至2025年1月间，王某甲利用AI软件的深度合成技术，将于某（系化名）等多人的人脸信息与色情图片进行拼接，伪造大量不雅图片'; '多次在境外网站以公开发帖的形式予以散布。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Between April 2024 and January 2025 Wang used the deep-synthesis technology of AI software to splice the facial information of Yu (pseudonym) and several other people onto pornographic images, forged a large number of indecent images, fabricated 'sexual' topics about them and spread them repeatedly in public posts on overseas websites.","causal_attribution":"The court's account of the facts as published by the Jiangsu High People's Court and relayed by The Paper."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2025年1月5日，王某甲又将两张AI换脸后面部为于某的裸照和于某有关证件图片发送给王某乙（另案处理），并捏造自己与于某存在性交易的不实信息。'; '后王某乙将上述图片转发至微信群，并在群里声称于某与他人存在性交易，引发群内外大量人员讨论，给于某的个人形象、工作、生活带来不利影响'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 5 January 2025 he sent two AI face-swapped nude images bearing Yu's face and images of Yu's identity documents to a second man with a fabricated claim that he had had a sex-for-money transaction with Yu; the second man forwarded them to Yu's work WeChat group and claimed there that Yu engaged in sex-for-money transactions with others, which the court found caused extensive discussion and adverse effects on Yu's image, work and life, seriously lowering Yu's social evaluation and violating Yu's dignity.","causal_attribution":"Court findings relayed by The Paper."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'张家港市人民法院于2025年12月1日作出一审判决，以诽谤罪判处被告人王某甲有期徒刑一年三个月。'; '宣判后，王某甲提出上诉。苏州市中级人民法院依法作出二审裁定，驳回上诉，维持原判。'; '1月27日，江苏省高级人民法院公布2025年度十大典型案例'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Zhangjiagang People's Court convicted him of defamation on 1 December 2025 and sentenced him to one year and three months' imprisonment, treating his voluntary surrender as mitigation; the Suzhou Intermediate People's Court rejected his appeal; on 27 January 2026 the Jiangsu High People's Court listed the case among its ten typical cases of 2025.","causal_attribution":"Court decisions as published by the High Court and relayed by The Paper; the written judgments were not inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"the face of a person (pseudonym Yu) AI-swapped onto pornographic images posted on overseas sites and forwarded to Yu's work WeChat group with a fabricated claim of sex-for-money transactions; the court found harm to Yu's image, work, life and dignity","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"http://thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32473843","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read live in Chinese on 2026-09-23 (The Paper, 邱海鸿, 27 January 2026 19:07); relays the Jiangsu High People's Court's 2025 top-ten typical cases publication. The court judgment itself was not inspected. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"jiangsu-high-court"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI software used and the overseas websites.","How many other people's faces were used besides Yu.","The outcome of the separate case against the man who forwarded the images.","Whether Yu obtained civil compensation.","The judgment texts were not inspected; Chinese read by the model without human bilingual review.","Yu's sex and age are not stated in the cited body (于某, 其); earlier uncited reporting described a woman; victim_age_range adult is inferred from the work WeChat group.","Where the events took place and where Yu and the defendant live; the body names only the courts.","The conduct period is stated as ending in January 2025; 5 January 2025 is the last dated act and is used as the end date."],"geography":{"basis":"The Paper's account of the court's findings states no event location or residence for Yu or the defendant; the posts were made on overseas websites and the forwarding was to a WeChat work group. Under the charter a country is not inferred from the court, so event and affected-person countries are left empty as a reviewed unknown. Court: Zhangjiagang Municipal People's Court and Suzhou Intermediate People's Court, Jiangsu, China.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a criminal conviction: AI face-swapped pornographic images of a person forwarded to their workplace, with court findings of harm to their image, work, life and dignity, as published by the Jiangsu High People's Court and relayed by The Paper (one chain; all claims reported). The original ID and first-publication timestamp are preserved; the sentence and dates correct the historical row; the victim's sex, previously asserted, is not in the cited body and is recorded as unknown. The victim is identified only by a court pseudonym.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court found that the defendant used the deep-synthesis technology of AI software to splice the victims' faces onto pornographic images (The Paper relaying the Jiangsu High People's Court). The software is not identified.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jiangsu, China (Zhangjiagang court): a man used AI face-swap deep-synthesis to splice the faces of a person referred to as Yu and several others onto pornographic images, fabricated 'sexual' stories about them and posted the material repeatedly on overseas websites between April 2024 and January 2025; after two face-swapped nude images of Yu and Yu's ID were forwarded to Yu's work WeChat group with a fabricated claim of sex-for-money transactions, he was convicted of criminal defamation and sentenced to one year and three months (1 December 2025), upheld on appeal and listed by the Jiangsu High People's Court among its 2025 typical cases","summary":"According to the Jiangsu High People's Court's 2025 top-ten typical cases, published on 27 January 2026 and reported by The Paper, a man surnamed Wang used the deep-synthesis technology of AI software between April 2024 and January 2025 to splice the facial information of a person (pseudonym Yu) and several other people onto pornographic images, fabricated a large number of indecent images and 'sexual' topics about them, and repeatedly spread them in public posts on overseas websites. On 5 January 2025 he sent two AI face-swapped nude images bearing Yu's face and images of Yu's identity documents to a second man (dealt with separately) and fabricated the claim that he had had a sex-for-money transaction with Yu; although the second man said he would forward the material to Yu's work WeChat group, Wang did not clarify that it was false or effectively stop him, only deleting the contact. The second man forwarded the images to the WeChat group and claimed there that Yu sold sex, prompting extensive discussion inside and outside the group and, the court found, adverse effects on Yu's personal image, work and life, a serious lowering of Yu's social evaluation and a violation of Yu's dignity. The Zhangjiagang People's Court held that using deep-synthesis technology that ordinary people cannot easily identify to generate indecent images and fabricate sexual topics, spread repeatedly through information networks, was defamation of serious circumstances that seriously harmed social order; taking into account his voluntary surrender, it sentenced him on 1 December 2025 to one year and three months' imprisonment for defamation. The Suzhou Intermediate People's Court rejected his appeal. The High Court described the case as a typical example of punishing online defamation committed with AI.","incidentDate":"2024-04-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-01-05","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-27","aiSystem":"AI deep-synthesis ('face-swap') software; not identified in the court's account","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The face of a person (pseudonym Yu) was AI-swapped onto pornographic images that were posted repeatedly on overseas websites and then forwarded to Yu's workplace WeChat group with a fabricated claim that she sold sex; the court found adverse effects on Yu's image, work and life, a serious lowering of Yu's social evaluation and a violation of Yu's personal dignity. The court's findings are relayed by The Paper; the judgment itself was not inspected.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One identified victim (Yu, pseudonym) whose images reached her work group; the court states that several other people's faces were also used (于某等多人) without a number. Partial: 1 counted plus unquantified others.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"http://thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32473843","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper (澎湃新闻), 27 January 2026: 利用AI换脸生成不雅照片诽谤他人，男子被判一年三个月","firstPublishedAt":"2026-06-15T06:50:02.798485+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:31.844756+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["criminal","deepfake","face-swap","defamation","china","jiangsu","non-consensual-images","conviction","workplace","depicted-or-impersonated"]}]}