{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T13:22:53.497Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "telegram", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 5, "coverage": { "cases": 5, "countries": 4, "languages": 5, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 1, "regulatory": 1, "minors": 4, "coreRelations": 5, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-solo-semarang-ex-boyfriend-ai-deepfake-porn", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Pelaku ini mengedit wajahnya dari korban yang kemudian itu dipasangkan dengan badan seseorang dengan menggunakan AI yang wajahnya asli korban' (the perpetrator edited the victim's face and attached it to someone's body using AI, the face being the victim's real face); 'Konten hasil rekayasa kemudian diunggah pelaku melalui platform X. Polisi memastikan materi itu tidak diperjualbelikan' (the fabricated content was then uploaded by the perpetrator on X; police confirmed it was not sold).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Wajah korban ditempelkan pada tubuh perempuan lain dalam kondisi tanpa busana sehingga seolah-olah korban tampil dalam konten pornografi' (the victim's face was attached to another woman's unclothed body so that the victim appeared in pornographic content).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'Yang diedit itu wajah korban. Kemudian dipasang pada tubuh orang lain sehingga seolah-olah itu korban, fotonya telanjang bulat, ditemukan di Instagram dan Telegram' (what was edited was the victim's face, then placed on someone else's body so it looked like the victim, fully naked, found on Instagram and Telegram); 'terdapat pula video berbau pornografi dengan wajah korban yang diduga merupakan hasil editan AI' (there was also a pornographic video with the victim's face believed to be an AI edit).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "The complainant's face was composited with AI onto another woman's naked body in images and a pornographic video; the suspect uploaded the content to his X account and did not sell it, and the complainant's lawyer said the material was found on Instagram and Telegram.", "causal_attribution": "Police statement of 6 August 2026 (based on the investigation and the suspect's admission) and the complainant's lawyer (based on the material found); the two accounts differ on where the material was found. Recorded as reported (not corroborated) because the pornographic video (lawyer chain only) and the X upload / no-sale detail (police chain only) rest on single chains; the 28 January complaint and the 4 August detention are carried by both chains." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Korban mengetahui hal tersebut pada 1 Januari 2026. Pihak korban pun telah melapor ke Polda Jateng dengan nomor aduan STPA/182/I/2026/Ditressiber' (the victim learned of it on 1 January 2026; the victim's side reported to the Central Java police under complaint number STPA/182/I/2026/Ditressiber).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'Perkara ini bermula ketika seorang perempuan mendatangi Polda Jawa Tengah pada 28 Januari 2026' (the case began when a woman came to the Central Java regional police on 28 January 2026); 'Polda Jawa Tengah menerbitkan laporan polisi pada 31 Juli 2026' (the regional police issued the police report on 31 July 2026); 'ditangkap di tempat kosnya di kawasan Gunungpati, Semarang. Penyidik Polda Jawa Tengah kemudian menahannya di Rutan Polda Jawa Tengah sejak Selasa (4/8/2026)' (arrested at his boarding house in the Gunungpati area of Semarang; investigators then detained him at the regional police detention centre from Tuesday 4 August 2026).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'dijerat dengan Pasal 51 juncto Pasal 35 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE) serta Pasal 407 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026' (charged under Article 51 in conjunction with Article 35 of Law 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions and Article 407 of Law No. 1 of 2026); 'ancaman hukuman maksimal adalah 12 tahun penjara dan denda paling banyak Rp12 miliar' (the maximum penalty is 12 years' imprisonment and a fine of up to Rp12 billion).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'korban telah melaporkan kasus tersebut ke Polda Jawa Tengah sejak 28 Januari 2026' (the victim reported the case to the Central Java regional police on 28 January 2026); 'penyidik akhirnya menetapkan tersangka dan melakukan penahanan terhadap pelaku pada 4 Agustus 2026' (investigators finally named the suspect and detained him on 4 August 2026).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "The complainant learned of the material on 1 January 2026; she and her family reported to the Central Java regional police cyber directorate on 28 January 2026; police issued a formal report on 31 July, arrested the suspect at a boarding house in Gunungpati, Semarang, and detained him on 4 August 2026; he is charged under Articles 51 and 35 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and an article printed as Article 407 of 'Law No. 1 of 2026', with a maximum of 12 years' imprisonment and a fine of up to Rp12 billion.", "causal_attribution": "Dates from the police statement and the complainant's lawyer agree on the 28 January complaint and 4 August detention; the discovery date comes from the lawyer alone. Recorded as reported (not corroborated) because the 1 January discovery date (lawyer only), the 31 July formal report (police only) and the statute text rest on single chains; the 28 January complaint and the 4 August detention are carried by both chains." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'pelaku nekat membuat konten deepfake AI porno diduga karena sakit hati setelah hubungan asmara antara dirinya dan korban berakhir secara putus-nyambung' (the perpetrator made the pornographic AI deepfake content allegedly out of hurt after his on-and-off romantic relationship with the victim ended).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'sempat memergoki ... sedang melakukan panggilan telepon video dengan perempuan lain. Hal itu memicu kemarahan' (she had caught him on a video call with another woman, which triggered her anger).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "Police said the suspect admitted acting out of resentment after an on-and-off relationship with the complainant ended; her lawyer said she ended the relationship after finding him on a video call with another woman.", "causal_attribution": "Motive as stated by the police spokesman from the suspect's admission and by the complainant's lawyer." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Iya sempat psikologisnya terkena, susah tidur, murung, malu. Dia tahu gambar-gambar itu kan dari teman-teman ceweknya. Malu dan drop' (yes, she was affected psychologically, could not sleep, was withdrawn, ashamed; she learned of the images from her female friends; ashamed and down); 'sempat stres, sempat murung dan sudah tidak ada harapan lagi waktu itu' (she was stressed, withdrawn and had no hope at that time); 'Kuasa hukum korban meminta Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak memberikan pendampingan psikologis secara intensif' (the victim's lawyer asked the women's empowerment and child protection office to provide intensive psychological support).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'Stresnya setengah mati, enggak bisa tidur. Nangis dia, murung sekali' (she was extremely stressed, could not sleep, cried, was very withdrawn).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "According to her lawyer, the complainant had trouble sleeping, was withdrawn and ashamed, cried, at one point had no hope, and has since recovered some spirit; he asked the local women's and children's protection office for intensive psychological support.", "causal_attribution": "Interested-party account: the complainant's lawyer in two interviews on 7 August 2026; no clinical source." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'penelusuran tim kuasa hukum menemukan total tujuh orang yang diduga menjadi korban manipulasi konten pornografi berbasis AI oleh tersangka. Namun, enam korban lainnya belum membuat laporan resmi' (the legal team's tracing found seven people in total allegedly victims of AI pornographic manipulation by the suspect, but the other six had not filed formal reports); 'Keluarga pelaku itu minta supaya berdamai' (the perpetrator's family asked for a settlement).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'Sementara ini korban yang terkonfirmasi baru satu orang, yaitu pelapor' (for now only one victim is confirmed, the complainant).", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The lawyer said his team had found seven women in total allegedly targeted by the suspect, six of whom had not filed reports, and that the suspect's parents apologised and asked for an out-of-court settlement so he could continue his studies; police said only one complainant was confirmed.", "causal_attribution": "The seven-woman figure and the settlement approach are the lawyer's account; police confirmed one complainant." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "her face was composited with AI onto pornographic images and a video that were posted on X and found on Instagram and Telegram", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "sleeplessness, withdrawal, shame and loss of hope reported by her lawyer during the nearly seven-month investigation", "claim_id": "c4", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://regional.kompas.com/read/2026/08/07/133400678/motif-mahasiswa-semarang-bikin-deepfake-ai-wajah-mantan-terancam-12-tahun", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (Kompas.com regional, published 2026-08-07 13:34 +07:00). Central Java police spokesman's written statement received on 6 August 2026. Model reading of the original; English glosses are the reviewer's.", "independence_group": "polda-jateng-statement-2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/mahasiswa-di-semarang-edit-foto-mantan-pacar-jadi-konten-porno-berakhir-dibui-27vvfyraEgL", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (kumparan, published 2026-08-06 09:14 UTC). Same police spokesman at the 6 August briefing; adds the statutes and the one-complainant confirmation.", "independence_group": "polda-jateng-statement-2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://news.detik.com/berita/d-8593323/mahasiswi-di-solo-jadi-objek-deepfake-ai-porno-korban-lapor-polisi", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (detikcom citing detikJateng, published 2026-07-28 10:29 +07:00; the lawyer's remarks are dated Monday 27 July 2026). Complainant's lawyer; police spokesman said he was checking. Predates the arrest.", "independence_group": "complainant-lawyer" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://indonesiaonline.co.id/deepfake-porno-di-solo-trauma-korban-dan-lambannya-proses-hukum/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (indonesiaonline.co.id, published 2026-08-08 10:32 +07:00). Feature built on a phone interview with the complainant's lawyer on 7 August 2026.", "independence_group": "complainant-lawyer" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://rejogja.republika.co.id/berita/tjglkl282/dendam-diputusin-mahasiswa-semarang-edit-wajah-mantan-pacar-pakai-ai-jadi-konten-porno", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (Republika Jogja, published 2026-08-08 23:24 +07:00). Interview with the complainant's lawyer on 7 August 2026 on the relationship history and her reaction.", "independence_group": "complainant-lawyer" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://indoraya.news/keluarga-korban-desak-hukuman-maksimal-untuk-pelaku-deepfake-porno-mahasiswi-uns", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-19 (Indoraya News, published 2026-08-06 22:28 +07:00). Complainant's lawyer at the regional police lobby on 6 August 2026; restates the statutes.", "independence_group": "complainant-lawyer" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "relationships", "privacy", "justice", "education" ], "unknowns": [ "Whether the six other women named by the lawyer exist as complainants; police had confirmed one complainant as of 6 August 2026.", "The statute printed by kumparan and Indoraya as 'Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026' is recorded as printed; it may be a misprint for the 2023 Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023), whose Article 407 concerns pornography. Not verified.", "The identity of the woman whose body appears in the composites is unknown to police.", "No indictment, court filing or trial date had been reported by 2026-09-19.", "The AI tool used is not identified.", "When the content was created and uploaded is not reported; 1 January 2026 is the date the complainant learned of it from friends." ], "geography": { "basis": "The complainant studies in Solo and the suspect was arrested in Semarang, both in Central Java, Indonesia; the case is held by the Central Java regional police. No court proceeding has begun, so court_countries is empty.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "ID" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "ID" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a criminal investigation: AI-composited pornographic images and video of a named-by-initial student, posted online by an ex-partner who was detained after seven months. Six Indonesian items read from two account chains (police statement and the complainant's lawyer). The complainant and suspect appear only by initials in the sources and are not identified here; the lawyer is not named; one cited URL identifies the complainant's university.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Central Java police spokesman said the suspect edited the complainant's face onto another person's body using AI ('menggunakan AI'); her lawyer described the material as AI manipulation. No forensic report was inspected and the tool is not named.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Solo and Semarang, Indonesia: a university student's face was composited with AI onto pornographic images and a video by her ex-boyfriend and posted online; the suspect was detained after a nearly seven-month investigation", "summary": "A female student at a state university in Solo (Surakarta), Central Java, learned on 1 January 2026 from friends that her face had been composited onto pornographic images and a video, which her lawyer said were found on Instagram and Telegram. Her family reported the case to the Central Java regional police cyber directorate on 28 January 2026. Police issued a formal police report on 31 July, arrested her ex-boyfriend, a university student in Semarang, at his boarding house in Gunungpati on 4 August 2026, and detained him. The police spokesman said the suspect used AI to place the complainant's face on another woman's naked body so that she appeared in pornographic content, uploaded it to his X account, did not sell it, and acted out of resentment after an on-and-off relationship ended. He faces charges under Articles 51 and 35 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and an article printed by two outlets as 'Law No. 1 of 2026', with a maximum of 12 years' imprisonment. Her lawyer said she could not sleep, withdrew, felt shame and at one point lost hope, that his team had found seven women in total allegedly targeted of whom six had not reported, and that the suspect's parents asked for an out-of-court settlement; police said only one complainant was confirmed.", "incidentDate": "2026-01-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-07-28", "aiSystem": "AI face-composite tool used to place the complainant's face on pornographic images and a video (tool not identified); content posted on X and found on Instagram and Telegram", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "AI-composited pornographic images and a video of the complainant were posted online; her lawyer reported sleeplessness, withdrawal, shame and loss of hope during the seven months before a suspect was named.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "One complainant confirmed by police ('korban yang terkonfirmasi baru satu orang, yaitu pelapor'). Her lawyer says his team found seven women in total, six of whom have not reported; that figure is an interested party's count and is not added.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "ID", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://regional.kompas.com/read/2026/08/07/133400678/motif-mahasiswa-semarang-bikin-deepfake-ai-wajah-mantan-terancam-12-tahun", "primarySourceLabel": "Kompas.com, 7 August 2026: Motif Mahasiswa Semarang Bikin Deepfake AI Wajah Mantan, Terancam 12 Tahun Penjara (Central Java police statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:38.26217+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ncii", "ex-partner", "university", "indonesia", "central-java", "criminal-investigation", "depicted-or-impersonated", "image-based-abuse" ] }, { "id": "2025-kulai-johor-school-ai-nude-images-sold-rm2", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'kejadian itu terbongkar apabila seorang wanita berusia 18 tahun membuat laporan polis pada 3 April lalu, selepas mendapati gambar lucah yang disunting menggunakan wajahnya tular di media sosial' (the case came to light when an 18-year-old woman lodged a police report on 3 April after finding nude images edited with her face circulating on social media); 'suspek yang masih bersekolah itu menggunakan aplikasi teknologi kecerdasan buatan (AI) untuk menyunting gambar mangsa yang diperoleh daripada akaun media sosial' (the suspect, still a schoolboy, used an AI application to edit victims' photos obtained from social media accounts); 'gambar yang disunting kemudian dijual kepada orang ramai dengan harga murah iaitu RM2' (the edited images were then sold to the public at the low price of RM2).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'the cops had received eight reports against the teenager, who was arrested at 5pm on Tuesday (April 8) in Kulai'; 'seized a phone believed to have been used to edit and upload lewd photos of his victims on social media, which are then sold at RM2 each'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'A 19-year-old victim lodged a police report after finding an explicit image with her likeness on social media' (gives the complainant's age as 19; the police statement says 18).", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s12" } ], "assertion": "An 18-year-old woman lodged a police report on 3 April 2025 after finding nude images edited with her face circulating on social media and offered for sale; police arrested a 16-year-old schoolboy in Kulai at about 5 pm on 8 April, seized a phone believed used to edit and upload the images, and said he used an AI application to edit photos obtained from victims' social media accounts and sold the edited images at RM2 each.", "causal_attribution": "Johor police chief's written statement of 9 April 2025, relayed by Sinar Harian and The Star; single official chain." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'gambar yang disunting kemudian dijual kepada orang ramai dengan harga murah iaitu RM2' (the edited images were sold to the public at RM2); 'polis menerima lapan laporan dari mangsa lain melibatkan isu kes sama' (police received eight reports from other victims on the same matter).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'一名女学生昨日在网络发长文控诉，除了发现自己的照片遭同班男同学合成裸照，并发现对方在通讯软件Telegram开设一个聊天室，并在内散播合成照片予其他人观赏，该聊天室内有超过200人' (a female pupil posted a long complaint online yesterday: besides finding her photos composited into nude images by a male classmate, she found he had opened a Telegram chat room, spreading the composites for others to view, with more than 200 members).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'said it has expelled a student over his involvement in distributing deepfake pornographic images of students and alumni'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'Kami dimaklumkan terdapat beberapa kumpulan di media sosial yang menyebarkan gambar-gambar telah dimanipulasi secara digital' (we were informed that several social media groups were spreading digitally manipulated images).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "AI-generated nude composites of current and former pupils of the school were produced from their social media photos, shared in online groups including a Telegram chat room of more than 200 members, and sold online.", "causal_attribution": "Supported by four separate accounts: the police statement, the pupil's own post, the school board's statement and the deputy minister's post. Recorded as reported (not corroborated) because the Telegram-group size and the social-media origin of the photos each rest on a single chain." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'该女生向校方反映有关情况，但该男生仅被记了两个小过或者一个大过' (the girl reported the situation to the school, but the boy was only given two minor demerits or one major demerit); '老师接获女校友投诉相关事件后，竟指受害者们将自己的照片发在社交媒体上，就需要自行承担后果的回应，令她们觉得受到二次伤害' (after receiving alumni complaints, a teacher responded that the victims had posted their own photos on social media and had to bear the consequences themselves, which made them feel they had suffered a second injury).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'The school acknowledged its delay in handling the incident and said it would implement stricter measures moving forward'; 'An internal probe found online allegations against a disciplinary teacher to be baseless and distorted, the board said'.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'Mangsa memaklumkan kes seperti ini bukan pertama kali berlaku. Sebaliknya ada insiden serupa telah dilaporkan kepada pihak sekolah sejak tahun lepas, namun tiada tindakan berkesan diambil' (victims informed [the deputy minister] that such a case was not the first; similar incidents had been reported to the school since the previous year without effective action).", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s11" } ], "assertion": "A female pupil's post of 8 April 2025 said the school had responded to her complaint with only minor demerits for the classmate, and that a teacher told alumni complainants they had to bear the consequences of posting their own photos online, which the complainants experienced as a second injury.", "causal_attribution": "The pupil's own post as relayed by Oriental Daily; the school board acknowledged delay but said allegations against a disciplinary teacher were distorted." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'30 to 40 of the student's schoolmates and his school's alumni were believed to have become victims'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'Sehingga kini, polis menerima lapan laporan dari mangsa lain melibatkan isu kes sama' (so far, police have received eight reports from other victims on the same matter).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'as of noon yesterday, 22 reports had been lodged by victims against the 16-year-old suspect'; 'so far, 38 individuals have been identified as victims, with the youngest reportedly only 12 or 13 years old'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" }, { "locator": "'29 police reports had been lodged against the teen, as of noon Tuesday (April 15)'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" }, { "locator": "'Sekurang-kurangnya 40 individu dipercayai menjadi mangsa' (at least 40 people are believed to be victims); 'mangsa terdiri daripada bekas pelajar dan pelajar semasa sekolah tersebut, termasuk remaja seawal usia 14 tahun' (the victims are former and current pupils of the school, including teenagers as young as 14); 'seramai tujuh orang mangsa telah dibantu oleh pegawai dari pejabat saya untuk membuat laporan polis' (seven victims have been helped by officers from my office to lodge police reports).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'Setakat ini, mangsa-mangsa yang dikenal pasti adalah 38 orang dan ada antara mereka yang menghubungi kami berumur 13 tahun' (so far 38 victims have been identified and some of those who contacted us are 13).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s11" } ], "assertion": "Police reports lodged by victims against the suspect rose from eight at the arrest to 22 by noon on 12 April and 29 by noon on 15 April 2025; the deputy minister said on 9 April, when her office had helped seven victims lodge reports, that 30 to 40 people were believed affected, including pupils as young as 14, and on 12 April that 38 people had been identified, the youngest 12 or 13.", "causal_attribution": "Police counts from the Johor police chief; victim estimates from the deputy minister, who assisted victims. The counts differ by date and by counting method." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'The board said that contrary to online claims, the student did not receive only light reprimands but was removed from the school entirely'; 'pledged full support for the victims and their families, including counselling services by school and external professionals'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'surat perletakan jawatan daripada pengetua ... telah diterima pada 12 April lalu' (the principal's resignation letter was received on 12 April); 'dalam mesyuarat bulanan pada 17 April, kami sebulat suara bersetuju untuk menghormati keputusan' (at the monthly meeting on 17 April we unanimously agreed to respect the decision); 'satu pasukan bebas terdiri daripada lima ahli ditubuhkan bagi menyemak aduan yang dikemukakan oleh bekas pelajar' (an independent five-member team was formed to review complaints submitted by former pupils).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s8" } ], "assertion": "The school board announced on 10 April 2025 that the pupil had been expelled, acknowledged delay in handling the case and promised counselling and legal aid for victims; the principal submitted his resignation on 12 April, which the board accepted at a 17 April meeting while forming a five-member team to review former pupils' complaints.", "causal_attribution": "School board statements of 10 and 18 April 2025 as reported by Malay Mail and FMT." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Also remanded alongside the teenager is a 19-year-old male, who has been remanded for six days starting Wednesday for the same purpose'; 'The remand application was made to facilitate investigations under Section 7 of the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" }, { "locator": "'A 16-year-old student today pleaded guilty in the Kulai Magistrate's Court to possessing pornographic materials on his mobile phone'; 'the teen denied a second charge under the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017. This charge relates to allegedly using artificial intelligence to digitally alter photographs of a 17-year-old female classmate into explicit images'; 'Magistrate R. Salini granted bail at RM4,000 for each charge and set June 23 for the next hearing'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s9" }, { "locator": "'dia didakwa menghasilkan bahan penganiayaan seksual seorang mangsa perempuan berusia 17 tahun dengan cara menyunting gambar menjadi gambar lucah' (he is charged with producing sexual abuse material of a 17-year-old female victim by editing an image into a pornographic image); 'remaja berkenaan mengaku bersalah memiliki bahan lucah dalam telefon bimbitnya' (the teenager pleaded guilty to possessing pornographic material on his phone); 'menetapkan 23 Jun ini untuk sebutan semula kes' (fixed 23 June for mention).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s10" }, { "locator": "'If found guilty, the court may impose a warning, a good behaviour bond, a fine, community service, or placement in an approved school'.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s12" } ], "assertion": "The boy's remand was extended to 20 April 2025 and a 19-year-old male was remanded alongside him for investigation under Section 7 of the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017 and Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998; on 23 April 2025 the boy pleaded guilty at the Kulai Magistrate's Court to possessing 14 pornographic images on his phone under Section 292(a) of the Penal Code and not guilty to producing sexual abuse material by editing a 17-year-old girl's image under Section 5 of the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017, with bail of RM4,000 per charge and mention fixed for 23 June 2025.", "causal_attribution": "Court reports of the closed-door hearing of 23 April 2025 and The Star's remand report of 16 April; the charge sheet itself was not inspected." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "AI-edited nude images of schoolmates and alumni, including minors, were circulated in a Telegram chat room and sold online at RM2 each", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "a victim described the school treating the matter as a minor infraction and a teacher blaming complainants, which she called a second injury", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/721913/berita/semasa/pelajar-sekolah-ditahan-sunting-jual-gambar-lucah-guna-aii", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ms", "translation_note": "Read in Malay on 2026-09-19 (Sinar Harian, published 2025-04-09 16:38 +08:00). Johor police chief's written statement of Wednesday 9 April 2025. Model reading of the original; English glosses in the locators are the reviewer's own.", "independence_group": "johor-police-statement-2025-04-09" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/09/johor-teenager-nabbed-for-allegedly-creating-selling-lewd-ai-pics-of-schoolmates", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (The Star, 9 April 2025). Same police statement; also carries the deputy minister's 9 April statement, which is cited here only through s3.", "independence_group": "johor-police-statement-2025-04-09" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://malaysiatribune.news/40-pelajar-mangsa-gambar-lucah-deepfake-suspek-remaja-ditahan/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ms", "translation_note": "Read in Malay on 2026-09-19 (Malaysia Tribune, published 2025-04-10 19:00 +08:00). Deputy Communications Minister's Facebook post and the Johor police chief's remand confirmation. Model reading of the original.", "independence_group": "deputy-minister-facebook-2025-04-09" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/society/2025/04/09/724881", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 through a Wayback Machine capture (the live page returns HTTP 403); Oriental Daily, published 2025-04-09 14:42 +08:00. Relays a female pupil's long social media post of 8 April, the principal's confirmation of the arrest and the deputy minister's post. Model reading of the original.", "independence_group": "pupil-viral-post-2025-04-08" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/04/10/kulai-school-says-expelled-student-in-deepfake-porn-scandal-admits-slow-action/172624", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Malay Mail, 10 April 2025). School board statement as reported by Malaysiakini.", "independence_group": "school-board-statement-2025-04-10" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/13/deepfake-scandal-widens", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (The Star, published 2025-04-12 16:00 UTC, print date 13 April). Deputy minister's press conference at the Kulai MP office on 12 April and the Johor police chief's count of reports and remand extension.", "independence_group": "deputy-minister-press-conference-2025-04-12" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/16/johor-teen-in-ai-doctored-lewd-pics-probe-remanded-another-five-days", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (The Star, 16 April 2025). Remand extension, the 19-year-old, the statutes and the 29-report count.", "independence_group": "remand-hearing-2025-04-16" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/bahasa/tempatan/2025/04/18/pelajar-jual-gambar-bogel-pengetua-sekolah-menengah-di-kulai-letak-jawatan", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ms", "translation_note": "Read in Malay on 2026-09-19 (FMT Malay edition, 18 April 2025). School board statement on the principal's resignation and the review team. Model reading of the original.", "independence_group": "school-board-statement-2025-04-18" }, { "id": "s9", "url": "https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/04/23/johor-teen-denies-ai-doctored-lewd-photo-charge-admits-to-porn-possession/174177", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Malay Mail, 23 April 2025). Court report of the closed-door charging at the Kulai Magistrate's Court.", "independence_group": "kulai-magistrate-court-2025-04-23" }, { "id": "s10", "url": "https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/724591/berita/semasa/remaja-mengaku-tidak-bersalah-miliki-sunting-gambar-lucah-guna-ai", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ms", "translation_note": "Read in Malay on 2026-09-19 (Sinar Harian, published 2025-04-23 14:17 +08:00). Court report of the same hearing. Model reading of the original.", "independence_group": "kulai-magistrate-court-2025-04-23" }, { "id": "s11", "url": "https://themerdekatimes.com/news/2025/04/38-termasuk-pelajar-jadi-mangsa-suntingan-gambar-lucah-babit-sekolah-menengah-persendirian-cina/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ms", "translation_note": "Read in Malay on 2026-09-19 through a Wayback Machine capture (the live page returns HTTP 403); The Merdeka Times, published 2025-04-16 15:17 +08:00, reporting the 12 April press conference. Model reading of the original.", "independence_group": "deputy-minister-press-conference-2025-04-12" }, { "id": "s12", "url": "https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/24/teen-admits-having-porn-on-phone", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (The Star, published 2025-04-23 16:00 UTC, print date 24 April). Court report; gives the complainant's age as 19, against 18 in the police statement.", "independence_group": "kulai-magistrate-court-2025-04-23" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "When the images were created and sold: the police statement dates only the first report (3 April 2025) and the arrest (8 April); the deputy minister said victims had reported similar incidents to the school the previous year. The composites and school complaints predate the 3 April police report (a pupil's post says demerits had already been given before 8 April; the school was told the previous year), so the series may have begun before April 2025.", "The outcome of the Section 5 Sexual Offences Against Children Act charge after the 23 June 2025 mention, and whether the 19-year-old was charged, were not found.", "The AI application used is not named and no forensic report has been published.", "The complainant's age is given as 18 by police and 19 by The Star's court report.", "Whether the 29 police reports correspond one to one with the 38 people the deputy minister said were identified is not established.", "The number of people in the Telegram chat room and the number of buyers are known only from the pupil's post." ], "geography": { "basis": "Arrest by Kulai district police in Kulai, Johor; victims are pupils and alumni of a school in Kulai; charges at the Kulai Magistrate's Court, Johor, Malaysia.", "court_countries": [ "MY" ], "event_countries": [ "MY" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "MY" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with consequential institutional and criminal responses: AI-edited nude images of dozens of schoolmates, including minors, sold online, followed by expulsion, criminal charges and the principal's resignation. Twelve items read across Malay, English and Chinese from five separate accounts (police, deputy minister, the pupil's post, the school board, court reports). The suspect is a minor and unnamed; victims are unnamed; the school is described by type and district only and the principal is not named.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Johor police chief said early investigation found the suspect used an AI application to edit photos obtained from victims' social media accounts; the deputy minister and the school board described the images as deepfakes; the charge sheet describes producing sexual abuse material by editing a 17-year-old's image. No forensic finding on the tool has been published and the application is not named.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Kulai, Johor: a 16-year-old pupil was arrested and charged after AI-edited nude images of schoolmates and alumni, including minors, were sold online at RM2 each; police logged 29 victim reports and the principal resigned", "summary": "In April 2025 Johor police arrested a 16-year-old pupil of a private Chinese independent secondary school in Kulai district after an 18-year-old woman reported on 3 April that nude images edited with her face were circulating on social media and being offered for sale. Police said the boy used an AI application to edit photos taken from victims' social media accounts and sold the images at RM2 each; a phone was seized and a 19-year-old was later remanded alongside him. Eight victim reports at the time of the arrest on 8 April grew to 22 by 12 April and 29 by 15 April. The Deputy Communications Minister, who is also the Kulai MP, said on 9 April that most victims were alumni but some were current pupils as young as 14, and on 12 April that 38 people had been identified, the youngest 12 or 13, and her office helped victims lodge reports. A female pupil's viral post said a Telegram chat room of more than 200 members shared the composites and that the school had initially treated the matter as a minor infraction; the school board expelled the boy, acknowledged its slow handling, offered counselling and legal aid, and the principal resigned on 12 April. On 23 April 2025 the boy pleaded guilty at the Kulai Magistrate's Court to possessing 14 pornographic images and not guilty to a charge under Section 5 of the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017 of producing sexual abuse material by editing a 17-year-old classmate's image; no verdict on that charge has been found.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-04-09", "aiSystem": "AI image-editing application used to composite victims' faces onto nude bodies (application not identified); images sold through social media and a Telegram chat room", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "reputational_harm", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "AI-edited nude images of at least 29 schoolmates and alumni, including minors, were circulated and sold online; a victim's post said complainants had silently endured the abuse and felt a second injury from a teacher's response; the case led to expulsion, criminal charges and the principal's resignation.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 29, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Lower bound: 29 police reports lodged by victims against the suspect as of noon 15 April 2025 (Johor police chief, reported by The Star on 16 April); the deputy minister said 38 people had been identified as victims by 12 April and estimated 30 to 40 on 9 April. Reports are treated as one per victim because the police chief described them as reports from other victims; the identified-victim figure is not used because it was not documented person by person. Chat-room members and buyers are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "MY", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/09/johor-teenager-nabbed-for-allegedly-creating-selling-lewd-ai-pics-of-schoolmates", "primarySourceLabel": "The Star, 9 April 2025: Johor teenager nabbed for allegedly creating, selling lewd AI pics of schoolmates (Johor police chief's statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:33.537691+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ncii", "minors", "school", "malaysia", "johor", "criminal-charges", "depicted-or-impersonated", "image-based-abuse", "telegram" ] }, { "id": "2024-incheon-teacher-deepfake-student-sentence", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'인천지법 형사1단독(부장판사 이창경)은 16일 선고공판에서... A(10대)군에게 장기 2년, 단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고했다'; '40시간의 성폭력 치료 프로그램 이수와 아동·청소년 관련 기관 취업제한 5년'; '도주 우려 등을 이유로 A군을 법정구속했다'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'장기 2년∼단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고하고 법정 구속했다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'장기 2년, 단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고하고 법정 구속했다. 소년법상 만 19세 미만 미성년자에게는... 부정기형이 내려진다.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "On 16 September 2026 the Incheon District Court (Criminal Division 1, Judge 이창경) sentenced the teenage defendant to an indeterminate term of 2 years maximum / 1 year 6 months minimum for violating the Sexual Violence Punishment Act (editing and distributing false sexual images), ordered 40 hours of treatment and a five-year child-institution employment ban, and detained him in court.", "causal_attribution": "Sentence reported identically by three outlets from the sentencing hearing." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'2024년 8월 인공지능을 이용해 교사 5명의 얼굴을 나체사진에 합성한 뒤 사회관계망서비스(SNS)에 유포한 혐의'; '모두 11명의 허위영상물을 35차례 제작'; ''지인 능욕'을 테마로 한 텔레그램 대화방'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'2024년 8월 인공지능(AI) 기술을 이용해 교사와 학생들의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 혐의'; '교사 5명과 함께 태권도 학원에 다닌 여중생 등 총 11명을 대상으로 35차례에 걸쳐 합성물을 제작, 텔레그램 '지인 능욕' 대화방 등에 유포'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'2024년 인천의 한 중학교에 재학하던 중 딥페이크 기술을 이용해 교사 등 20여명의 얼굴을 나체 사진과 영상에 합성한 뒤 SNS에 유포한 혐의' (the prosecution's figure of about twenty).", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "In 2024, while a middle-school student in Incheon, he used AI deepfake technology to composite the faces of five teachers and six female middle- and high-school students from his taekwondo academy onto nude photographs and videos, 35 productions of 11 people in all, and distributed them in Telegram 'acquaintance humiliation' chat rooms.", "causal_attribution": "Court findings as reported; the 11-in-35 count is Hankyoreh's and Munhwa's, and Newsis's 'about twenty' is the prosecution's charge description." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'자신의 담임교사에게 \"연락처와 사진이 지워졌다\"고 속여 사진을 받아내는 등 치밀하게 범행을 준비한 것으로 조사됐다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "He obtained his homeroom teacher's photographs by telling her that his contacts and photos had been deleted.", "causal_attribution": "Investigation finding reported by Munhwa Ilbo only." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Judge: '반포한 교사 5명의 합성 사진과 영상물에는 피해자의 얼굴이 그대로 드러나 있고 실명, 나이, 학교, 교과목도 명시돼 있다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Judge: '피해 교사들의 얼굴뿐 아니라 실명, 학교, 휴대전화 번호까지 명시해 반포했다'; '피해자들이 장기간 심리치료를 받는 등 상당한 트라우마를 겪고 있는 점'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Judge: '피해교사들은 말할 수 없는 충격을 받고 트라우마를 겪고 있으며 A군의 엄벌 탄원하고 있다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The distributed images showed the teachers' faces together with their real names, ages, schools, subjects and phone numbers, and the court found the teachers are suffering considerable trauma and receiving long-term psychological treatment.", "causal_attribution": "The judge's sentencing remarks as reported by three outlets; phone numbers appear only in Munhwa's account." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'A군은 지역교권보호위원회가 열리기 일주일 전 자퇴해 학교 차원의 별다른 징계 처분은 받지 않았다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'피해 교사들은 올해 1월에야 피해 사실을 인지했으나, A 군은 교권보호위원회가 열리기 전 자퇴해 학교 측의 징계를 피했다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'ㄱ군은 교권보호위원회가 열리기 전 자퇴해 징계 처분을 받지 않았다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "He withdrew from school a week before the regional teachers'-rights protection committee met and received no school discipline; the teachers learned of the images only in January 2026.", "causal_attribution": "The withdrawal is reported by all three; the January 2026 discovery by Munhwa only." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'검찰이 구형한 부정기형 장기 3년6개월∼단기 2년은... 그러나 이날 선고는 검찰 구형에도 미치지 못했다'; the superintendent's pledge.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'인천교사노동조합은 입장문을 내고... 이번 선고에 깊은 유감을 표한다'; the superintendent: '법적·심리 치료 지원과 함께... 예방교육도 강화하겠다'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The Incheon Teachers' Union expressed regret that the sentence fell below the prosecution's request of 3 years 6 months to 2 years; the superintendent of education attended and pledged legal and psychological support and prevention education.", "causal_attribution": "Statements reported by two outlets." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "teachers and students depicted in AI-composited sexual images distributed with their names, schools and phone numbers; long-term trauma treatment", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260916_0003791674", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ko", "translation_note": "Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T10:51+09:00; Incheon bureau reporter 이루비; '종합' consolidated report). Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "newsis" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1278039.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ko", "translation_note": "Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T11:00+09:00). Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "hani" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.munhwa.com/article/11617393", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ko", "translation_note": "Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T10:51+09:00). Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "munhwa" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The AI tool used is not named; the written judgment was not inspected.", "The number of people depicted differs between the prosecution's charge description (about twenty, per Newsis) and the court reporting (eleven); eleven is used as the documented minimum.", "When the distribution began and ended within 2024 and whether the additional indicted conduct extended later are not stated; the record uses August 2024 with month precision and no end date.", "Whether either side appeals, and the outcome of any separate proceedings against the Telegram room operators, are not reported.", "Earlier coverage of the arrest or indictment was not inspected; the reported_date is the sentencing coverage.", "Korean bodies were read by the model without human bilingual review." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: an Incheon middle school and a taekwondo academy in Incheon (Newsis: '인천의 한 중학교'); victims are Incheon teachers and students; court: Incheon District Court.", "court_countries": [ "KR" ], "event_countries": [ "KR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KR" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a criminal judgment: a court found that AI deepfake images of five teachers and six students were made and distributed with identifying details, and described the victims' ongoing trauma. Three separately bylined Korean outlets were read. The defendant is a minor and unnamed in the sources and here; no victim is named; the superintendent, union chair and judge are public officials.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-16" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Three outlets report the court's findings that the images were made with AI deepfake (image-compositing) technology and the conviction under the false-sexual-image provisions; the specific tool is not named. The Korean bodies were read by the model; no written judgment was inspected.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Incheon, South Korea: teenager sentenced to up to two years for AI deepfake sexual images of five teachers and six students, distributed on Telegram with the victims' names and schools", "summary": "On 16 September 2026 the Incheon District Court sentenced a teenage defendant to an indeterminate term of two years (maximum) to one year six months (minimum) under the Sexual Violence Punishment Act for making and distributing false sexual images, ordered a 40-hour treatment programme and a five-year ban on working with children, and took him into custody in court. As a middle-school student in Incheon in 2024 he had used AI deepfake technology to composite the faces of five teachers, including his homeroom teacher whom he tricked into sending photographs, and six female middle- and high-school students from his taekwondo academy onto nude images and videos, 35 productions in all, and distributed them in Telegram 'acquaintance humiliation' chat rooms with the victims' real names, ages, schools, subjects and, per one report, phone numbers. The teachers learned of the images only in January 2026; the court said they are receiving long-term psychological treatment. He had withdrawn from school a week before the teachers'-rights committee met, avoiding school discipline. The Incheon teachers' union called the sentence, below the prosecution's request, regrettable.", "incidentDate": "2024-08-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-09-16", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake image-compositing tools (not named in the inspected court reporting)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Five teachers and six students had their faces composited by AI onto nude images and videos that were distributed on Telegram with their real names, ages, schools, subjects and phone numbers; the court found the teachers are suffering considerable trauma and receiving long-term psychological treatment.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 11, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Hankyoreh and Munhwa Ilbo both report 11 people (five teachers and six students) in 35 composites, as found by the court; Newsis reports the prosecution's charge sheet as 'about twenty', which is not used as a count. Eleven is the documented minimum.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "KR", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260916_0003791674", "primarySourceLabel": "뉴시스 (Newsis), 16 September 2026, Incheon bureau: sentencing report with the judge's reasons, the superintendent's and the union's statements", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-16T03:16:35.128819+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "south-korea", "incheon", "teachers", "minors", "telegram", "criminal-sentence", "depicted-or-impersonated" ] }, { "id": "2025-doe-v-clothoff-nj", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Complaint caption and preliminary statement; ¶¶260-274, 338-340 (Telegram as nominal defendant).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Docket D.E. 1 (filed 2025-10-16; assigned judges).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Jane Doe, a minor suing through her parents, filed the complaint on 16 October 2025 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (2:25-cv-16671-ES-JBC, Judge Esther Salas, Magistrate Judge James B. Clark) against AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 Ltd. d/b/a ClothOff (BVI), Alaiksandr Babichau and Dasha Babicheva (of Minsk), and Telegram entities as nominal defendants.", "causal_attribution": "Established directly by the filing and the docket." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Complaint ¶¶33-40 (the discovery date, the Snapchat-group circulation, the age-14 source photo, the classmate uploader).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "TechCrunch's complaint-based account, including that local authorities declined prosecution.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "On 20 October 2023 Doe, then 15, learned that ClothOff-generated CSAM of her and 'several other girls in her class' was circulating in a Snapchat group; the source was an ordinary photo of her at age 14 from Instagram, uploaded by a minor classmate; local authorities declined to prosecute.", "causal_attribution": "Established as the complaint's contents; they remain the plaintiff's allegations. The prosecution decline is TechCrunch's reading of the complaint, attributed." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Complaint ¶¶1-6, 54-55 (visitors, image rate, watermark, three clicks), ¶¶220-255 (affiliated services), ¶¶695-697 (bots, API).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The complaint describes ClothOff as a purpose-built 'undress' service producing hyper-realistic output 'indistinguishable from real photographs' without a watermark in three clicks, with at least 27 million visitors and about 200,000 images per day, at least ten affiliated services, Telegram bots and an API.", "causal_attribution": "Established as the complaint's contents. These are the plaintiff's allegations, not independently audited figures; the historical record's '3 million users' and '15+ affiliated services' were corrected to the complaint's figures." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Guardian passages naming the operators, the fake CEO, Texture Oasis and GGSel/GG Technology; the Almendralejo and Westfield links; '>4m monthly visits'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "Bellingcat's network map and payment-laundering account (G2A/Skinsback/Steam/PayPal/Stripe/Patreon), 23 Feb 2024.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "Reporting before the suit identified the operators: the Guardian's Black Box investigation named Babichau and Babicheva (Minsk), a fake AI 'CEO', the Texture Oasis payment front and GGSel/GG Technology links, and tied ClothOff to the Almendralejo (Spain) and Westfield NJ school incidents; Bellingcat's independent investigation mapped the same network and its payment laundering six days earlier.", "causal_attribution": "Two independent investigations six days apart; they overlap on GG Technology/Bondarenko but were conducted separately. The complaint itself relies on the Guardian's reporting (per Yale)." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Docket entries D.E. 12-20 (24 Jun notice; 29 Jun vacatur; 8 Jul order; 9 Jul motion and exhibits; 3 Aug setting).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The 2026 docket shows continuing service efforts: a Rule 4(m) call for dismissal on 24 June 2026 (service not effected; the pseudonym motion administratively terminated), vacated by Judge Salas on 29 June after the plaintiff showed ongoing foreign-service efforts; an order allowing service by email on 8 July; and a motion for service by publication or email on 9 July, set for decision on 3 August 2026.", "causal_attribution": "Established by the docket through the RECAP mirror's end (15 July 2026); nothing later is visible in this review." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "disputed", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Yale's account of the removal letters and platform responses (X, Discord, Google, YouTube).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "TechCrunch: the service was 'still available... through a Telegram bot' (12 Jan 2026).", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "X, Discord, Google and YouTube removed ClothOff following the clinics' summer 2025 letters (Yale); the historical claim that Telegram removed the ClothOff bot in October 2025 is contradicted by TechCrunch, which found the service still available through a Telegram bot on 12 January 2026.", "causal_attribution": "The platform removals are a party account (Yale); the Telegram-bot status is contradicted by later reporting and recorded as disputed rather than resolved either way." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "AI-generated CSAM of a minor circulated in her school community; federal suit against the platform", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.njd.585002/gov.uscourts.njd.585002.1.0.pdf", "kind": "court_filing", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Complaint PDF (45 pages) fetched and read via pdftotext on 2026-09-15. The filing establishes its own contents; its allegations remain allegations.", "independence_group": "court-record" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71665449/doe-v-airobotics-venture-strategy-3-ltd/", "kind": "court_docket", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Docket reviewed on 2026-09-15 through D.E. 20 (mirror ends 15 July 2026).", "independence_group": "court-record" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/clinics-file-suit-against-website-generates-nonconsensual-nude-images", "kind": "party_announcement", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read on 2026-09-15. Party source (the clinics bringing the suit); used for the clinics' role and the X/Discord/Google/YouTube removal letters.", "independence_group": "yale" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/29/clothoff-deepfake-ai-pornography-app-names-linked-revealed", "kind": "news_investigation", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in full on 2026-09-15 (29 Feb 2024, Black Box).", "independence_group": "guardian" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://bellingcat.com/news/2024/02/23/behind-a-secretive-global-network-of-non-consensual-deepfake-pornography/", "kind": "news_investigation", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in full on 2026-09-15 (23 Feb 2024).", "independence_group": "bellingcat" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/12/a-new-jersey-lawsuit-shows-how-hard-it-is-to-fight-deepfake-porn/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in full on 2026-09-15 (12 Jan 2026); own interview with co-lead counsel.", "independence_group": "techcrunch" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2025/10/teen-haunted-by-fake-nudes-sues-to-kill-nudify-app-block-telegram-bots/", "kind": "news_relaying_wsj", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read on 2026-09-15 (17 Oct 2025). Relays the WSJ report; adds Telegram's ToS statement and the separate suit against the boy.", "independence_group": "wsj" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/teen-sues-maker-of-fake-nude-software-b88f316f", "kind": "news_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 401 paywall on 2026-09-15; not read; language not established.", "independence_group": "wsj" }, { "id": "s9", "url": "https://www.nj.com/news/2026/01/this-nj-girl-was-a-victim-of-deepfake-porn-shes-suing-the-app-that-generated-it.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 403 on 2026-09-15; not read; language not established.", "independence_group": "nj-com" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The service-by-publication/email motion's outcome after 3 August 2026 is not visible in the RECAP mirror (ends 15 July 2026); whether default judgment or dismissal followed is unknown.", "Whether Doe's school is the Westfield High School of the earlier New Jersey incident is unverified: the complaint names only 'a high school in Union County', and the historical record's 'separate victim from Francesca Mani' is not established by any inspected document. The school is deliberately not inferred or named.", "The current availability of the generated images is unknown.", "The platforms' and registries' responses to the requested injunctions are not yet reported.", "The complaint's platform figures (visitors, image rate) are the plaintiff's allegations and are not independently audited." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: a high school in Union County, New Jersey (complaint; the school is not named and is not inferred). Affected person: the New Jersey minor. Court: U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. The defendants' BVI/Belarus connections are recorded without becoming event or court countries.", "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case (depicted_or_impersonated) with the federal complaint as the primary record. The plaintiff is a minor protected by court-ordered pseudonymity; no school, classmate or image description beyond the minimum case facts is reproduced. The complaint's contents are recorded as allegations; operator identity rests on two independent investigations.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The complaint alleges the images of Doe were generated by ClothOff from her photo; the platform's purpose-built undress function is documented by the complaint and the Guardian/Bellingcat investigations. The allegations remain allegations against the unserved defendants; the platform's existence, function and operator identity are independently investigated.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Doe v. ClothOff (D.N.J.): a New Jersey minor sues the AI 'undressing' platform over generated CSAM", "summary": "On 16 October 2025, Jane Doe, a New Jersey minor suing through her parents, filed a federal complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (2:25-cv-16671-ES-JBC) against the operators of ClothOff, an AI 'undressing' service, after ClothOff-generated sexual images of her — created from an ordinary photo of her at 14 — circulated in a Snapchat group when she was 15. The complaint, brought by Yale Law School clinics, alleges the platform was purpose-built to produce hyper-realistic non-consensual intimate imagery and names AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 Ltd. (British Virgin Islands), Alaiksandr Babichau and Dasha Babicheva (Minsk), and Telegram as nominal defendant. As of mid-July 2026 the docket shows a continuing effort to serve the foreign defendants by email or publication.", "incidentDate": "2023-10-20", "incidentEndDate": "2025-10-16", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-10-16", "aiSystem": "ClothOff (AI undressing service)", "aiCompany": "AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 Ltd. d/b/a ClothOff (BVI); operators identified in reporting as based in Minsk, Belarus", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "ClothOff-generated CSAM of a 15-year-old circulated in her school's Snapchat group from an ordinary childhood photo — persistent image-based abuse of a minor that local authorities declined to prosecute, leaving the federal suit as the remedy path.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "One counted depicted person: Jane Doe (complaint). The complaint's 'several other girls in her class' are depicted but unnamed and unquantified, so the total is counted-plus-unquantified (partial). Platform visitor and image-rate figures (27 million visitors, ~200,000 images/day) are not people and are never counted.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-NJ", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.njd.585002/gov.uscourts.njd.585002.1.0.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Federal complaint, D.N.J. 2:25-cv-16671-ES-JBC (45 pages, read via pdftotext)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-05-10T10:35:08.921808+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "federal", "minor", "new-jersey", "clothoff", "deepfake", "csam", "ncii", "yale-law", "ongoing" ] }, { "id": "2024-south-korea-telegram-deepfake-crisis", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1a", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "BBC 3 Sep 2024 confirms Ko Narin's Hankyoreh scoop and describes the school- and university-specific rooms.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Hankyoreh English's own exposure of the military Telegram room (27 Aug 2024).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "Around 26 August 2024 The Hankyoreh (Ko Narin) exposed Telegram rooms creating and sharing AI-generated sexual deepfakes of Korean women and girls, with rooms organized by school and university.", "causal_attribution": "The scoop's existence and the rooms' school/university organization are confirmed by the BBC's original reporting and Hankyoreh English's companion investigation; the original Korean article is dead-linked and retained uninspected." }, { "id": "c1b", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Room-structure passages: 'humiliation rooms'/'friend of friend rooms', entry terms, the 2,000-member school group.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The rooms ran as 'humiliation rooms' and 'friend of friend rooms' with entry terms demanding at least four photos plus name, age and area, and one group for underage pupils at a single school had more than 2,000 members.", "causal_attribution": "Single-chain detail from the BBC's 3 Sep 2024 account; no second inspected chain describes the entry terms or the 2,000-member group." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Police-figure passages: 297 vs 180; 'The victims are often minors and the perpetrators are mostly teenagers'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Watchdog ~6,500 requests Jan-Jul (4x); 178 suspects booked, 74% aged 10-19; >half of erased deepfakes involved minors.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Police recorded 297 deepfake cases in January-July 2024 against 180 in all of 2023; the watchdog received nearly 6,500 takedown requests in the first seven months of 2024 (four times the prior year); of 178 suspects booked, 74% were aged 10-19; more than half of erased deepfakes involved minors; victims were often minors and perpetrators mostly teenagers.", "causal_attribution": "Both outlets relay the same police and watchdog accounts; traced to one official origin, so the figures are reported rather than corroborated. Figures count cases, requests and suspects, not harmed people." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'more than 900 students, teachers and staff' (education ministry); 'of 964 deepfake-related sex crime cases reported from January to October last year, police made 23 arrests' (Seoul police statement).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "The education ministry counted more than 900 students, teachers and staff victimized between January and early November 2024; a Seoul police statement said that of 964 deepfake-related sex crime cases reported January-October 2024, 23 arrests were made.", "causal_attribution": "Single chain (CNN) relaying official figures; the education-ministry count is the record's person-count lower bound." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Reuters wire via CNN, 26 Sep 2024: possession/viewing criminalized.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "CNN 25 Apr 2025: Sep 2024 law — possession/viewing up to 3 years or 30M won; creation maximum raised 5 to 7 years.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "On 26 September 2024 the National Assembly criminalized possessing or viewing sexually explicit deepfakes (up to 3 years' prison or a 30 million won fine); the maximum sentence for creating deepfake pornography was raised from 5 to 7 years.", "causal_attribution": "The statute is a public record carried by two chains (Reuters wire; CNN original). The historical claim of an October 2024 amendment removing the distribution-intent requirement was not re-verified and is recorded as an unknown." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Military IDs turned into deepfake porn': servicewomen called 'military supplies'; at least 30 victims; channel active since 8 Aug with ~850 audience.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "A separate Telegram room degraded servicewomen with deepfakes made from military-intranet ID photos, implying insider involvement, with at least 30 victims across the Army, Navy and Air Force and an audience of about 850 since 8 August 2024.", "causal_attribution": "Single chain (Hankyoreh original reporting)." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Heejin passages (pseudonymous victim account).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Ruma passages (pseudonymous victim account).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "Individual victims described severe harm: a pseudonymous school victim 'Heejin' spoke to the BBC, and 'Ruma', targeted in 2021 at age 27, spoke to CNN.", "causal_attribution": "Pseudonymous first-person accounts carried by two outlets; the historical record's 'broke my whole belief system' quotation was not re-found in inspected sources and is dropped from the claims." }, { "id": "c7", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Korea Herald 16 Nov 2025 relaying the National Office of Investigation figures.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" } ], "assertion": "By November 2025 the National Office of Investigation reported 3,557 people apprehended for cybersexual violence over the preceding year, with deepfake crimes the largest category (1,553 cases) and about 62% of suspects teenagers.", "causal_attribution": "Single chain relaying official figures; apprehension figures count suspects, not victims." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "mass AI-generated sexual deepfakes of identified women and girls distributed in Telegram rooms", "claim_id": "c1a", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpdlpj9zn9go", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (3 Sep 2024; Jean Mackenzie, Seoul). Original reporting: victim 'Heejin', room structure, the 2,000-member school group, the 500+ activist-compiled school list.", "independence_group": "bbc" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg4yerrg451o", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (28 Aug 2024). Yoon cabinet order; police figures attributed.", "independence_group": "bbc" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1155588.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (27 Aug 2024). Hankyoreh's own exposure of the military room.", "independence_group": "hankyoreh" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.npr.org/2024/09/06/nx-s1-5101891/south-korea-deepfake", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (6 Sep 2024). Watchdog and police figures attributed.", "independence_group": "npr" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/26/asia/south-korea-deepfake-bill-passed-intl-hnk", "kind": "wire_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (26 Sep 2024); bylined Reuters.", "independence_group": "reuters" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/25/asia/south-korea-deepfake-crimes-intl-hnk-dst", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (25 Apr 2025). CNN original: victim 'Ruma', education-ministry figure, Seoul police statement.", "independence_group": "cnn" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10616925", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (16 Nov 2025; the historical date 2025-11-01 was wrong). National Office of Investigation figures.", "independence_group": "korea-herald" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1155800.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 404 on 2026-09-15. Ko Narin's original Korean investigation (~26 Aug 2024); retained as the historical reference. BBC's 3 Sep 2024 report confirms the scoop; the body was not inspected in this review and its language is not re-asserted.", "independence_group": "hankyoreh" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "Not re-verified in inspected sources and therefore not claims of this record: the 220,000-member channel figure; 781 victims with 37% minors; Women's Human Rights Institute of Korea 332,341 supported cases; the October 2024 amendment removing the distribution-intent requirement; the Seoul National University graduates' 9-year and 3.5-year sentences; the teachers' union 200-school estimate; the 'broke my whole belief system' victim quotation.", "The specific AI tools used are not identified in the inspected reporting.", "Ko Narin's original Korean article (hani.co.kr 1155800) is HTTP 404; its contents are known only through the BBC's confirmation and the historical record.", "The ScienceDirect study cited by the historical record answered 403 and was not inspected.", "Cross-group overlap between police case counts, the education-ministry victim count and watchdog requests is unresolved." ], "geography": { "basis": "Events, victims and the responding institutions are all in South Korea (all chains). No court proceeding is verified in this review, so court_countries is [].", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "KR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KR" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact crisis affecting identified women and girls, predominantly minors. The person count is the education ministry's documented lower bound; case, request and membership figures are recorded but never used as person counts. Unverifiable historical claims are preserved as unknowns rather than deleted silently. No death; the death-verification rule is not engaged. Pseudonymous victims remain pseudonymous. In a 2026-09-15 second pass the original compound first claim was split: the corroborated exposure and room organization stand as c1a, and the BBC-only structure details (entry terms, 2,000-member group) stand as reported c1b. person_relations recorded in the same pass.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Every inspected chain describes AI deepfake tools as the generation mechanism and Telegram as the distribution channel; police and watchdog figures classify the cases as deepfake sex crimes. The specific tools are not individually identified beyond 'AI deepfake/nudify tools'.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "South Korea Telegram AI Deepfake Sexual Abuse Crisis", "summary": "In late August 2024, journalist Ko Narin of The Hankyoreh exposed networks of Telegram rooms in South Korea where AI tools were used to turn ordinary photos of women and girls — middle and high school pupils, university students, teachers and servicewomen — into sexual deepfakes, shared with their identities in school- and university-specific 'humiliation rooms'. Police figures showed 297 deepfake cases in January-July 2024 (vs 180 in all of 2023); the education ministry counted more than 900 victimized students, teachers and staff; President Yoon ordered a crackdown; and on 26 September 2024 the National Assembly criminalized possessing or viewing sexually explicit deepfakes. Victims were often minors and perpetrators mostly teenagers.", "incidentDate": "2024-08-01", "incidentEndDate": "2024-09-26", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2024-08-26", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake generation tools (various)", "aiCompany": "Multiple (various free AI 'undressing' tools)", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "third_party_harm_facilitation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Mass non-consensual AI sexual imagery of schoolgirls, students, teachers and servicewomen, distributed with their identities in Telegram rooms; pseudonymous victims describe severe distress, and police recorded hundreds of cases dominated by minor victims and teenage perpetrators.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 900, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Lower bound: the South Korean education ministry's count of 'more than 900 students, teachers and staff' victimized (January-early November 2024), carried by CNN's 25 April 2025 report. This counts people reported as victims to the education authorities. Police figures (297 cases; 964 cases) count cases, not people, and are not used as person counts; the watchdog's ~6,500 figures count takedown requests, not people; the 500+ schools figure is an activist-compiled list of targets, not a victim count; channel membership numbers are not counted. Cross-group overlap is unresolved.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "KR", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpdlpj9zn9go", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News, Jean Mackenzie (3 Sep 2024) — 'Inside the deepfake porn crisis engulfing Korean schools' (replaces the dead Hankyoreh original)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T09:52:18.956616+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfakes", "minor", "south-korea", "telegram", "sexual-images", "school", "criminal-charges", "legislation", "mass-scale", "non-western" ] } ] }