{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-14T15:03:19.870Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"suspension","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2026","response":"regulatory","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":4,"coverage":{"cases":4,"countries":3,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":4,"minors":1,"coreRelations":1,"contextualRelations":2,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":1,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-ninth-circuit-immigration-lawyers-suspended-over-ai-hallucinated-citations-board-reciprocal-suspension","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Sethi filed an opening brief in this case with multiple fabricated citations and quotations'; 'Sethi cited two cases that do not exist and never existed'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The opening brief filed for the asylum petitioners and signed by Sethi cited two cases that do not exist and attributed quotations to real opinions that do not contain them.","causal_attribution":"The court's own finding in its order."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'to which Rounds said that AI “was not used.”'; 'Rounds finally conceded that it was “possible” that AI might have been used by the individual who drafted the briefs'; 'Sethi Law Group employs law school graduates, who are not yet licensed attorneys, to write briefs'; 'that no licensed attorney read the cases cited by the unlicensed brief writer'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"At oral argument Rounds said AI was not used and later conceded it was possible that the person who drafted the briefs had used AI; the drafter was an unlicensed law graduate whose citations no licensed attorney read.","causal_attribution":"The court's record of the oral argument and of the attorneys' response."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'that the errors were the product of unauthorized AI use by their Brief Writers and a failure to cite check'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Responding to the order to show cause, the attorneys conceded that the errors were probably the product of unauthorised AI use by their brief writers and a failure to check citations.","causal_attribution":"The attorneys' concession as recorded by the court; no AI tool, prompt or output was identified."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Neither of them suspected the use of generative AI because the Firm prohibited its use and required the Brief Writers to check all their citations'; 'it is beyond belief that he knew for a fact that it was not used'; 'is owed to this repeated failure of candor'; 'We do not sanction Sethi and Rounds for the simple fact that they or'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The attorneys said that at the time of the motion to correct they did not suspect AI because the firm prohibited its use; the court found that Rounds could not have known AI was not used, said it was not sanctioning AI use as such, and attributed the severity of discipline to their repeated failure of candour.","causal_attribution":"The attorneys' explanation and the court's findings, both from the order."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Sethi and Rounds are each personally sanctioned in the amount of $2,500'; 'Sethi and Rounds are hereby suspended from practice before this Court for a period of six months starting ten days after this Order is filed'; 'provide a copy of this Order to their clients'; 'serve a copy of this Order on the State Bar of California'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Ninth Circuit fined each attorney $2,500, suspended both from practice before the court for six months, ordered them to give the order to their clients in every pending case, and directed service of the order on the State Bar of California.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court's order."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'The Board hereby suspends the respondent from practice before the Board of Immigration Appeals, the Immigration Courts, and DHS for 6 months, effective June 13, 2026.'; 'On July 1, 2026, the Board granted the Joint Petition for Immediate Suspension.'; 'previously issued unpublished on September 15, 2026'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Board of Immigration Appeals suspended Sethi from practice before the Board, the immigration courts and DHS for six months, effective 13 June 2026, after granting an immediate suspension on 1 July 2026, and designated the decision as precedent after first issuing it unpublished on 15 September 2026.","causal_attribution":"Established by the Board's decision."},{"id":"c7","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'the respondent contests the sufficiency of the evidence that he knew that certain errors in his filings were caused by the use of artificial intelligence'; 'the respondent’s claims of hardship to his clients are conclusory'; 'the application of our rules of attorney discipline to misconduct related to the use of AI is not an “outlier penalty,” as the respondent claims'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Before the Board, Sethi disputed that he knew AI had been used and argued that suspension would harm his clients and was an outlier penalty for AI-related misconduct; the Board rejected these arguments.","causal_attribution":"The respondent's arguments and the Board's ruling as stated in the decision."},{"id":"c8","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'The petition for review, which we granted'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court granted the asylum petitioners' petition for review.","causal_attribution":"The court's statement; it does not address any effect of the sanctions on the clients."}],"effects":[{"label":"two attorneys were fined and suspended from practice before a federal appeals court, and one was suspended from immigration practice, over briefs with AI-hallucinated citations and false statements about them","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2026/06/03/24-4790.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 from the court's own site (HTTP 200, PDF text extracted with pdftotext); no translation was needed.","independence_group":"ninth-circuit-order-24-4790"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/media/1463666/dl?inline","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 from the court's own site (HTTP 200, PDF text extracted with pdftotext); no translation was needed.","independence_group":"bia-matter-of-sethi"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool the brief writers used; the order records only the attorneys' concession that AI use was probable.","Whether the State Bar of California opened proceedings after the referral.","Whether the suspensions affected the attorneys' clients; the Board found the hardship claims conclusory and no source describes a harmed client.","The date the opening brief was filed; the inspected sources do not state it."],"geography":{"basis":"The briefs were filed in and sanctioned by the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and the reciprocal suspension was imposed by the US Board of Immigration Appeals; the order describes the firm as based in Orange County, California. The attorneys' residence is not used.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a court decision about two attorneys informed by AI-generated fabricated authorities in their briefs: the Ninth Circuit's order fines and suspends two attorneys for filing briefs with AI-hallucinated citations and for repeatedly denying the AI source, and the Board of Immigration Appeals imposes a reciprocal suspension on one of them. Both records were read in full from the courts' own sites.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-14"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is two courts' response to AI use in filings: the Ninth Circuit order describes briefs with nonexistent cases and misattributed quotations, records the attorneys' concession that the errors were probably the product of unauthorised AI use by the firm's brief writers, and imposes fines and a six-month suspension for filing them and for repeatedly denying the AI source; the Board of Immigration Appeals imposed a reciprocal suspension on that basis. The court read the fabricated authorities in the briefs, identified them and based its discipline of the two attorneys on filing them and on their statements about their source, so the AI output informed a decision about them (informed_decision_about); no tool is named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Ninth Circuit fines and suspends two immigration lawyers over briefs with AI-hallucinated citations and denials of AI use; immigration board follows","summary":"On 3 June 2026 the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit fined immigration attorneys Mike Singh Sethi and William Rounds $2,500 each and suspended both from practice before the court for six months. Briefs filed in an asylum petition for review cited two cases that do not exist and attributed quotations to opinions that do not contain them. In a motion to correct, the attorneys called the errors typographical, and at oral argument Rounds twice said AI was not used. In their response to the court's order to show cause, they conceded that the errors were probably the product of unauthorised AI use by the firm's unlicensed brief writers and a failure to check citations. The court said the suspension was owed to their repeated failure of candour. The Board of Immigration Appeals then suspended Sethi from practice before the Board, the immigration courts and the Department of Homeland Security for six months, effective 13 June 2026, and designated that decision as a precedent on 1 October 2026.","incidentDate":"2026-06-03","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-06-03","aiSystem":"Generative AI that, according to the attorneys' concession recorded by the Ninth Circuit, the firm's unlicensed brief writers probably used against firm policy; no tool is named in the order or the Board's decision","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","financial_loss","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Ninth Circuit's order, both attorneys were fined $2,500 and suspended from practice before the court for six months over briefs whose AI-hallucinated citations they had denied were AI errors; according to the Board of Immigration Appeals, one of them was then suspended from practice before the immigration courts, the Board and DHS for six months.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two attorneys, each named in the Ninth Circuit order as fined and suspended; the Board's reciprocal suspension concerns one of them. The asylum applicants are not counted: the court granted their petition for review and no source reports harm to them.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2026/06/03/24-4790.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, order in No. 24-4790 (3 June 2026): attorney discipline over AI-hallucinated citations","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-14T03:02:36.457192+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T03:02:36.457192+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["united-states","legal-profession","sanction","suspension","hallucinated-citations","immigration"]},{"id":"2026-paraiba-court-fines-lawyer-over-hidden-ai-commands-in-petition-bar-suspension","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Nesse processo, a Justiça havia negado a concessão do mandado de segurança e, posteriormente, a defesa apresentou um recurso, chamado de embargos de declaração. Neste artifício judicial, a Justiça encontrou a utilização de IA, com comandos ocultos distribuídos em sete páginas da petição.'; 'teste para saber se o juiz usa apenas IA nas decisões'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Durante a análise do recurso, o magistrado constatou a existência de instruções ocultas distribuídas em sete páginas da peça processual.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The judge of the 5th Mixed Court of Sousa found hidden commands spread over seven pages of a lawyer's motion for clarification in a teaching-competition writ, including an instruction to ignore impartiality and a note calling it a test of whether the judge used only AI in decisions.","causal_attribution":"The court's finding as G1 and Migalhas report it."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'O magistrado aplicou duas multas de R$ 16,4 mil por má-fé e ato contra a dignidade. O caso foi enviado à OAB e ao Ministério Público.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The judge imposed two fines of R$16,400 each, for bad-faith litigation and for an act against the dignity of justice, and sent copies to the OAB-PB and the Paraíba prosecutors.","causal_attribution":"G1's account of the decision."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ao rejeitar os pedidos de reconsideração apresentados pela defesa, o magistrado preservou as duas multas de R$ 16,4 mil e determinou o cumprimento das sanções anteriormente impostas.'; 'A petição foi intencionalmente instrumentalizada para servir de vetor de experimentos tecnológicos privados e não autorizados'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On reconsideration the judge kept both fines, writing that the petition had been intentionally used as a vehicle for private, unauthorised technological experiments to test computer systems supporting the judiciary.","causal_attribution":"Migalhas's account of, and quotation from, the reconsideration decision."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A defesa negou ter inserido os comandos deliberadamente e alegou erro material na exportação do arquivo preparado com apoio de IA.'; 'Em 30 de junho de 2026, o desembargador Onaldo Queiroga negou a tutela de urgência'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The defence denied inserting the commands deliberately and attributed them to an error in exporting a file prepared with AI support; an appeal judge refused urgent suspension of the fines on 30 June 2026.","causal_attribution":"Olhar Digital citing the court's communiqués; the defence position is the defence's own claim."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Dois advogados tiveram o exercício profissional suspenso de forma cautelar pela Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, Seccional Paraíba (OAB-PB)'; 'após a abertura de procedimentos para investigar os dois casos'; 'O outro caso ocorreu na Comarca de Sousa, onde um advogado também passou a ser investigado.'; 'Segundo a Ordem, a medida é provisória e não significa que os advogados já foram considerados culpados.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"In July 2026 the OAB-PB president preventively suspended two lawyers after opening procedures into two cases of hidden commands in petitions to the TJPB, one of them the Sousa case, stating that the suspension is provisional and not a finding of guilt.","causal_attribution":"G1's account of the bar's measure."}],"effects":[{"label":"a lawyer was fined R$32,800 over hidden commands aimed at AI tools in a petition and referred to the bar, which later suspended two lawyers in such cases","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2026/06/19/advogado-e-multado-em-mais-de-r-30-mil-por-inserir-comandos-ocultos-de-ia-em-peticao-na-paraiba.ghtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in full in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. G1 reports the June decision and quotes it; the decision itself was not inspected.","independence_group":"tjpb-communique-june"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.migalhas.com.br/quentes/460320/advogado-e-multado-em-r-32-mil-por-prompt-usado-para-testar-juiz","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in full in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. Migalhas reports and quotes the reconsideration decision; the decision itself was not inspected.","independence_group":"migalhas-reconsideration-decision"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2026/07/14/dois-advogados-sao-suspensos-por-suspeita-de-usar-comandos-ocultos-para-influenciar-inteligencia-artificial-em-processos-na-pb.ghtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in full in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. G1 reports the OAB-PB suspensions and the defence submission in one of the two cases.","independence_group":"g1-paraiba-oab-suspension"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://olhardigital.com.br/curiosidades/2026/10/10/advogado-esconde-comandos-de-inteligencia-artificial-dentro-de-uma-peticao-para-tentar-influenciar/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in full in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. Olhar Digital cites the court's official communiqués (which returned 403 to the agent) for the defence position and the 30 June appeal ruling.","independence_group":"olhar-digital-tjpb-relay"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Whether any AI system used by the court processed the hidden commands.","Whether the lawyer or an AI drafting tool produced the hidden text.","The outcome of the OAB-PB disciplinary procedure, the prosecutors' review and the appeal on the merits."],"geography":{"basis":"The petition was filed in the 5th Mixed Court of Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil, in a case about a municipal teaching competition in Sousa (G1); the bar measure was taken by the OAB-PB. The lawyer's residence is not stated.","court_countries":["BR"],"event_countries":["BR"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a consequential-response case: a court fined a lawyer R$32,800 and referred the lawyer to the bar and prosecutors after finding hidden commands aimed at AI tools in a petition, according to G1 and Migalhas, and G1 reports that the bar later suspended two lawyers pending inquiries into two such cases, one of them this case. The defence denies deliberate insertion. The lawyer is a private person and is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-13"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the court's and the bar's response to hidden commands aimed at artificial intelligence tools: G1 and Migalhas report that the judge found instructions to ignore impartiality and a note testing whether the judge used only AI to decide, treated them as prompt injection and fined the lawyer, and G1 reports the bar's suspension over the same conduct. The defence attributes the text to an error in exporting a file prepared with AI support. No source reports any AI system reading or acting on the commands, so no relation describing an AI system's own action toward the lawyer is established (unknown; consequential response).","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Paraíba, Brazil: judge fines a lawyer R$32,800 over hidden AI commands in a petition, G1 reports; state bar later suspends two lawyers in such cases","summary":"A judge of the 5th Mixed Court of Sousa, Paraíba, found hidden instructions aimed at artificial intelligence tools spread over seven pages of a lawyer's motion for clarification in a public-competition case in June 2026, including an order to ignore impartiality and a note calling it a test of whether the judge used only AI to decide. The judge fined the lawyer two penalties of R$16,400 (R$32,800 in total) for bad-faith litigation and contempt of the court's dignity, and referred the case to the Paraíba bar (OAB-PB) and the state prosecutors, G1 reports. The defence said the commands were not inserted deliberately and blamed an error in exporting a file prepared with AI support. An appeal judge refused to suspend the fines on 30 June, the trial judge kept them on reconsideration, and in July, G1 reports, the OAB-PB preventively suspended two lawyers after opening procedures into two hidden-command cases, one of them the Sousa case.","incidentDate":"2026-06-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-06-19","aiSystem":"Artificial intelligence tools that might assist judicial drafting, targeted by hidden commands in a petition; no tool is named, and no source reports that any AI system processed or acted on the commands. The defence said the file had been prepared with AI support","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI drafting tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","financial_loss","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to G1 and Migalhas, the lawyer was fined R$32,800 by the court for hidden commands aimed at AI tools in a petition, referred to the bar and prosecutors, and, G1 reports, was one of two lawyers the OAB-PB preventively suspended in July after opening procedures into two cases. The defence denies deliberate insertion.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the lawyer fined and suspended in the Sousa case. The other suspended lawyer belongs to a separate case and is not counted; the candidate client is not reported harmed.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"BR-PB","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2026/06/19/advogado-e-multado-em-mais-de-r-30-mil-por-inserir-comandos-ocultos-de-ia-em-peticao-na-paraiba.ghtml","primarySourceLabel":"G1 Paraíba, 19 June 2026: lawyer fined over R$30,000 for hidden AI commands in a petition","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-13T03:15:13.201004+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T03:15:13.201004+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["brazil","legal-profession","sanction","prompt-injection","court-ai","bar-suspension"]},{"id":"2026-goias-electoral-court-judgment-removing-councillor-suspended-over-suspected-unsupervised-ai-drafting","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'acórdão feito pelo Tribunal Regional Eleitoral de Goiás (TRE-GO), que cassou o mandato da vereadora Aava Santiago (PSB)'; 'no texto que determinou a cassação por infidelidade partidária'; 'A decisão havia sido mantida nesta terça-feira (6) e encerrava a condição suspensiva do processo'; 'Nesta sexta-feira (9), Michel Magul (PSDB) havia assumido a vaga de Aava Santiago na Câmara Municipal.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The TRE-GO judgment removed councillor Aava Santiago from office for party infidelity; it was upheld on 6 October 2026, ending its suspensive condition, and a substitute took her seat on 9 October.","causal_attribution":"G1's account of the electoral proceedings."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'No documento, a vereadora alega que no texto final da decisão há comandos, instruções e registros de conferência que revelariam o possível uso de IA com falhas na revisão humana.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A parlamentar acionou o CNJ alegando que o texto final do julgamento continha comandos de conferência, instruções e registros de revisão que indicariam possível utilização de inteligência artificial sem a supervisão humana exigida pela Resolução CNJ nº 615/2025.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The councillor alleged to the CNJ that the final text of the judgment contained commands, instructions and review records indicating the use of artificial intelligence without the human supervision required by CNJ Resolution 615/2025.","causal_attribution":"The councillor's allegation, as both outlets report it; the petition was not inspected."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'evidencia, em tese, a existência de anotações que aparentam corresponder a instruções internas de revisão, destinadas justamente à conferência da correção de premissas fáticas e jurídicas utilizadas na construção da fundamentação do julgado'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A liminar foi concedida nesta sexta-feira (9) pelo corregedor nacional de Justiça, ministro Benedito Gonçalves.'; 'Na decisão, Benedito Gonçalves considerou plausíveis, em análise preliminar, as alegações de descumprimento das regras de governança, supervisão humana e controle da utilização de inteligência artificial no Judiciário.'; 'O corregedor determinou a suspensão cautelar dos efeitos do acórdão e dos atos administrativos dele decorrentes.'; 'O TRE-GO terá prazo de 15 dias para prestar informações sobre o caso.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 9 October 2026 the national inspector of justice found, on a preliminary analysis, the allegations of non-compliance with the CNJ's AI supervision rules plausible, writing that the passages reproduced in the petition show in theory annotations that appear to be internal review instructions; he suspended the judgment's effects and gave the TRE-GO 15 days to report.","causal_attribution":"The inspector's preliminary finding as relayed by both outlets from the same decision; it is not a finding that AI was used."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Embora Benedito Gonçalves tenha ressaltado que a medida não representa revisão do mérito nem declaração de nulidade do julgamento eleitoral'; 'A eventual utilização irregular de inteligência artificial ainda será objeto de apuração.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'A decisão liminar do CNJ possui caráter instrumental e provisório, motivada por questões formais de procedimento administrativo e governança no âmbito do tribunal.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The inspector stated that the suspension neither reviews the merits nor declares the electoral judgment void, and that the possible irregular use of AI is still to be investigated; the substitute described the injunction as provisional and procedural.","causal_attribution":"Limits stated by the inspector and the substitute; they bound how far the removal can be attributed to AI drafting."}],"effects":[{"label":"an elected councillor was removed from her seat by a judgment she says shows signs of unsupervised AI use, until the national inspector suspended it","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2026/10/10/cnj-suspende-a-cassacao-do-mandato-da-vereadora-aava-santiago.ghtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in full in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. G1 quotes the inspector's decision and statements from the councillor's office and the substitute; the CNJ decision and the petition were not themselves inspected.","independence_group":"g1-goias-reporting"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://jurinews.com.br/destaques-ultimas/cnj-suspende-cassacao-da-vereadora-aava-santiago-apos-suspeita-de-falhas-no-uso-de-inteligencia-artificial","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in full in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. Jurinews reports the CNJ injunction; the decision itself was not inspected.","independence_group":"jurinews-reporting"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice"],"unknowns":["Which passages of the judgment contain the disputed annotations, and which tool, if any, produced them.","Whether AI-drafted text affected the July 2026 merits vote or only the later judgment text.","The TRE-GO's response to the CNJ and the outcome of the CNJ investigation."],"geography":{"basis":"The removal concerns a seat on the Goiânia city council, Goiás, Brazil, decided by the Regional Electoral Court of Goiás and suspended by Brazil's National Council of Justice (G1, Jurinews). The councillor holds office in Goiânia.","court_countries":["BR"],"event_countries":["BR"],"affected_person_countries":["BR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because the national inspector of justice, after examining passages from an electoral court judgment that removed a councillor from office, found her allegation of unsupervised generative-AI drafting plausible on a preliminary analysis and suspended the judgment the day a substitute took her seat. AI use remains suspected and is attributed to her allegation and the inspector's preliminary finding.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-13"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The output at issue is text in the TRE-GO judgment about the councillor: she alleges, and G1 and Jurinews report, that the final text contained commands, instructions and review records indicating AI use without human review. The national inspector of justice, who examined the passages reproduced in her petition, wrote that they show in theory annotations that appear to be internal review instructions for checking the premises of the judgment's reasoning, and found the allegation of non-compliance with the CNJ's AI supervision rules plausible on a preliminary analysis. That judgment removed her from office until he suspended it. No tool is named, the passages are not reproduced, and AI use has not been established; the merits vote of July 2026 was made by the judges.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Goiás, Brazil: national judicial inspector suspends an electoral court judgment removing a councillor who alleged signs of unsupervised AI drafting","summary":"Goiânia city councillor Aava Santiago (PSB) told Brazil's National Council of Justice (CNJ) that the final text of a judgment of the Regional Electoral Court of Goiás (TRE-GO), which removed her from office for party infidelity, contained commands, instructions and review records indicating the use of artificial intelligence without the human supervision that CNJ Resolution 615/2025 requires. On 9 October 2026, the day a substitute took her seat, the national inspector of justice, Minister Benedito Gonçalves, found the allegations plausible on a preliminary reading, suspended the judgment and the administrative acts that followed from it, and gave the court 15 days to explain its review procedures, G1 and Jurinews report. The suspension does not review the merits of the removal, and whether AI was used irregularly has yet to be investigated.","incidentDate":"2026-10-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-10","aiSystem":"Generative artificial intelligence allegedly used in drafting the TRE-GO judgment; no tool is named, and its use is alleged by the councillor and found plausible only on a preliminary reading by the national inspector of justice","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI drafting tool (suspected)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to G1 and Jurinews, a judgment that the councillor says shows signs of AI use without the required human review removed her from her council seat, and a substitute took the seat on 9 October 2026 before the national inspector of justice suspended the judgment the same day. The AI connection is her allegation, found plausible only on a preliminary reading.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the councillor removed by the judgment whose drafting is disputed. Voters and the council are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"BR-GO","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://g1.globo.com/go/goias/noticia/2026/10/10/cnj-suspende-a-cassacao-do-mandato-da-vereadora-aava-santiago.ghtml","primarySourceLabel":"G1 Goiás, 10 October 2026: CNJ suspends the removal of councillor Aava Santiago","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-13T03:15:09.553524+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T03:15:09.553524+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["brazil","electoral-court","suspected-judicial-ai-use","human-supervision","cnj","injunction"]},{"id":"2026-chile-puente-alto-school-ai-fake-nude-images-classmates-superintendencia","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Luego, las imágenes eran intervenidas mediante herramientas de inteligencia artificial, con las que se modificaban para generar las representaciones falsas.'; 'Las imágenes comenzaron a compartirse mediante plataformas digitales y terminaron llegando a otros estudiantes del establecimiento.'; 'La situación se conoció el 10 de julio, cuando un grupo de estudiantes encontró el material en la galería del celular de uno de los involucrados.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'encontraron en el celular de uno de sus compañeros imágenes sexuales falsas de ellas mismas y otras estudiantes del establecimiento'; 'Las fotografías habían sido creadas mediante inteligencia artificial a partir de imágenes comunes y corrientes obtenidas desde redes sociales.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Ordinary photos that female students had posted on Instagram were altered with AI tools into fake nude images, which circulated among other students; the case came to light on 10 July 2026 when students found the material on a classmate's phone.","causal_attribution":"Families' account as reported by Teletrece; no official finding on how the images were made is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'cuatro alumnos participaron en las distintas etapas de este proceso, desde la obtención de las fotografías hasta la circulación del material.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the families, four students took part in obtaining the photos, altering them and circulating the material.","causal_attribution":"Attributed by Teletrece to the families of the affected students."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Algunas alumnas presentaron crisis de pánico, según relataron posteriormente sus apoderados.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Some of the affected students had panic attacks, according to their parents.","causal_attribution":"Parents' account."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'el establecimiento aplicó una suspensión de 15 días a los estudiantes señalados como responsables.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'El colegio suspendió por 15 días a los estudiantes señalados por su participación en la creación y difusión del material.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The school suspended the students identified as responsible for 15 days.","causal_attribution":"Reported by Teletrece; the school did not respond to questions."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'durante el primer recreo los estudiantes comenzaron a burlarse de las jóvenes. Tres de ellas reaccionaron y fueron a golpearlos.'; 'Tuvimos que poner denuncias en PDI y todo el tema porque el padre andaba rondando el colegio'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After the suspended students returned, a parent says they mocked the affected girls, three of the girls hit them, and the father of one of the students involved then made threats; she says they had to file reports with the PDI because the father was then loitering near the school.","causal_attribution":"One parent's account to Teletrece; the father's account is not reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'El organismo informó que otorgó máxima prioridad al caso'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'está siendo sometido a una investigación formal por el caso y señaló que la situación recibió máxima prioridad.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Superintendencia de Educación confirmed that the school is under formal investigation over the case and said the matter received maximum priority.","causal_attribution":"Superintendency confirmation as reported by Teletrece."}],"effects":[{"label":"fake nude images of female students made with AI from their own photos circulated among schoolmates","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"some affected students had panic attacks, according to their parents","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/mama-paso-algo-grave-apoderados-denuncian-abuso-sexual-digital-contra-sus-hijas-3-10-2026","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-10-04 (T13, 3 October 2026, Reportajes Teletrece). Reconstructs the case from families' accounts. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"t13-reportajes-puente-alto"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/se-veran-bien-cara-marcada-amenaza-padre-estudiante-agredido-tras-difundir-imag-3-10-2026","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-10-04 (T13, 3 October 2026). Same Teletrece reporting; adds the suspension, the fight, the threats and the Superintendency's confirmation. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"t13-reportajes-puente-alto"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images were made and first shared; 10 July 2026 is the date students found them.","Which AI tool was used.","How many students were depicted.","Whether a criminal complaint was filed over the images themselves, and any prosecutor action.","The outcome of the Superintendency's investigation."],"geography":{"basis":"The school is in Puente Alto and the case is under investigation by Chile's Superintendencia de Educación (T13). No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CL"],"affected_person_countries":["CL"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case: AI-altered fake nude images depicting identifiable minors circulated in their school, with reported distress, school sanctions and a regulator's investigation. The account rests on one Teletrece reporting chain built on families' testimony, with the Superintendency's confirmation. Minors are not named, the school name is withheld from public fields, and the images are not described beyond the source's general description.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Teletrece, citing the families' account, says the students' photos were altered with AI tools to create the false images. No tool is named and no forensic or official finding on AI use is reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Chile: Puente Alto students find AI-made fake nude images of female classmates, families say; school suspends those involved, Superintendency investigates","summary":"Teletrece reported on 3 October 2026 that on 10 July 2026 female students at a secondary school in Puente Alto, Chile, found fake sexual images of themselves and other students on a classmate's phone. Families say the images were made with AI tools from ordinary photos the girls had posted on Instagram, that four students took part in obtaining, editing and circulating them, and that the material reached other students. Some of the girls had panic attacks, according to their parents. The school suspended the students identified as responsible for 15 days; after their return, parents say, they mocked the girls, a fight followed, and a parent accuses the father of one of the students involved of threats and of loitering near the school, after which she says they filed reports with the PDI. The Superintendencia de Educación confirmed a formal investigation of the school.","incidentDate":"2026-07-10","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-03","aiSystem":"Unnamed AI tools used to alter students' social-media photos into fake nude images (per families' account to Teletrece)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"AI-made fake nude images of female secondary-school students circulated among their schoolmates; parents report panic attacks, and the case led to suspensions, a physical fight, threats and a regulator's investigation of the school (families via Teletrece).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"At least three affected female students are counted: T13 says three of the affected girls confronted the students involved after their return. Teletrece says the material affected students from primero to cuarto medio without giving a number, so more affected students are unquantified. The father's threats are not counted separately.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"CL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/mama-paso-algo-grave-apoderados-denuncian-abuso-sexual-digital-contra-sus-hijas-3-10-2026","primarySourceLabel":"T13, 3 October 2026: Mamá, pasó algo grave: apoderados denuncian abuso sexual digital contra sus hijas mediante IA","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-04T03:47:21.211562+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-07T03:19:53.602734+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","ai-generated-images","non-consensual-intimate-imagery","minors","school","chile","superintendencia-de-educacion","depicted-or-impersonated"]}]}