{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-25T06:37:40.571Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"speech-to-text","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":1,"coverage":{"cases":1,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-genoa-corruption-inquiry-speech-to-text-transcript-recorded-suspects-lawful-financing-as-unlawful","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'«Perché voleva finanziamenti illeciti», è la risposta che si legge a pagina 22 delle 27 della trascrizione.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Nelle trascrizioni prodotte dalla cancelleria della stessa giudice per le indagini preliminari Paola Faggioni, è riportato “illeciti”.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'«finanziamenti illeciti» concessi a Toti'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The official transcript of the suspect's interrogation before the Genoa preliminary-investigations judge recorded him as saying the regional president wanted 'finanziamenti illeciti' (unlawful financing).","causal_attribution":"Contents of the transcript as the outlets report them; the transcript itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'contesta recisamente» la trascrizione ufficiale perché ricorda «con assoluta certezza» di aver detto «finanziamenti leciti»'; 'Infatti, la frase incriminata non c’è nel verbale stilato dal cancelliere.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On receiving the transcript the suspect wrote to the judge contesting it and saying he had said 'leciti' (lawful); his lawyer said the handwritten record drawn up by the registrar did not contain the word 'illeciti'.","causal_attribution":"The suspect's and his lawyer's account."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Un solo aggettivo – illeciti – avrebbe confermato in modo inequivocabile le accuse della procura, e non a caso proprio quel passaggio era stato messo in evidenza nei titoli di molti giornali nei giorni successivi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to Il Post, the passage had been highlighted in the headlines of many newspapers in the following days because the single adjective would have unequivocally confirmed the prosecutors' accusations.","causal_attribution":"Il Post's account of the press coverage that followed the transcript; it links the coverage to the transcribed word."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'lo stesso imprenditore ha chiarito “di aver pronunciato la parola leciti, lo abbiamo anche concordato con il pubblico ministero”'; 'A questo punto la gip ha preso atto.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'si è dovuto risolvere il dubbio con un secondo ascolto'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"At an ad hoc hearing the suspect confirmed he had said 'leciti', which according to his lawyer the prosecutor accepted, and the judge took note.","causal_attribution":"The defence lawyer's statement relayed by la Repubblica; Il Post reports that a second hearing of the audio settled the doubt."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'l’origine di questa svista non era dovuta a un errore umano'; 'era stata fatta da un software speech-to-text'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'la “colpa” pare essere del software automatico che riporta nero su bianco le parole pronunciate in udienza'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Il Post reports that checks found the error was not human and that the transcript attached to the inquiry had been produced by speech-to-text software; la Repubblica writes that the fault appears to lie with the automatic software that transcribes words spoken in court.","causal_attribution":"Attribution of the error to the speech-to-text software rests on Il Post's account of the checks (whose author is not named) and la Repubblica's hedged inference; the software is not named."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In caso di pronunce “dubbie”, come pare in effetti quanto detto'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'il cancelliere addetto a riassumere il contenuto dell’interrogatorio non aveva nemmeno fatto cenno a un passaggio così importante'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"La Repubblica describes the suspect's pronunciation as apparently doubtful, and Il Post reports that the registrar summarising the interrogation had not mentioned the passage at all.","causal_attribution":"Context and counterevidence: unclear speech and the human summary's silence bear on how the error arose."}],"effects":[{"label":"official transcript attributed to him a statement he says he did not make, which newspapers headlined as confirming the accusations until an ad hoc hearing corrected it","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.ilpost.it/2024/06/13/errori-trascrizione-automatica-giustizia-tribunali/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-25 (full article). Translation by the research agent, an AI.","independence_group":"il-post-2024-06-13"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2024/05/27/news/giallo_fondi_leciti_illeciti_toti_roberto_spinelli_audio-423113836/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-25 (full article, also present as JSON-LD articleBody). Translation by the research agent, an AI.","independence_group":"repubblica-genova-2024-05-27"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.corriere.it/politica/24_maggio_18/parole-figlio-spinelli-verbale-toti-finanziamenti-illeciti-leciti-ba3e4fbd-0575-4150-accd-439ad5e7exlk.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-25 (full article). Translation by the research agent, an AI.","independence_group":"corriere-della-sera-2024-05-18"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice"],"unknowns":["Which speech-to-text product the court registry used and who carried out the checks Il Post mentions.","The exact date of the correction hearing: Il Post gives 26 May 2024, a Sunday, while la Repubblica of 27 May 2024 says it took place that morning.","Whether the error had any effect on the proceedings beyond the press coverage and the extra hearing."],"geography":{"basis":"The interrogation and the hearing that corrected the transcript took place before the preliminary-investigations judge in Genoa, as Il Post and la Repubblica describe; no source states where the suspect lives.","court_countries":["IT"],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an automated recognition error about a person in a criminal inquiry: Il Post and la Repubblica attribute to speech-to-text software a transcript that recorded a suspect saying the opposite of his words, which, Il Post reports, newspapers headlined as confirming the accusations until an ad hoc hearing corrected it.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-25"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Il Post reports that checks found the error in the interrogation transcript was not human and that the transcript had been produced by speech-to-text software, which rendered the suspect's 'leciti' as 'illeciti'; la Repubblica writes that the fault appears to lie with the automatic transcription software. That transcribed word is the statement newspapers headlined, according to Il Post, until an ad hoc hearing established that he had said 'leciti'. The software is not named, its workings are described only in general terms, and la Repubblica notes the pronunciation was apparently doubtful.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Genoa corruption inquiry: press reports say speech-to-text software turned a suspect's 'lawful financing' into 'unlawful' in his interrogation transcript","summary":"In May 2024 a businessman questioned as a suspect in the Genoa prosecutors' inquiry into alleged bribes to the president of the Liguria region was recorded in the official transcript of his interrogation before the preliminary-investigations judge as saying that the president wanted 'finanziamenti illeciti' (unlawful financing). According to Corriere della Sera, on receiving the transcript he wrote to the judge to contest it, saying he had said 'finanziamenti leciti' (lawful financing); his lawyer said the legally valid handwritten record did not contain the word. Il Post reports that the passage had been highlighted in the headlines of many newspapers in the following days as confirming the prosecutors' accusations, and that a second hearing of the audio was needed to settle it. La Repubblica reported on 27 May 2024 that, at an ad hoc hearing, the businessman confirmed he had said 'leciti', with the prosecutor's agreement according to his lawyer, and the judge took note; it wrote that the fault appears to lie with the automatic software that transcribes words spoken in court. Il Post reports that checks found the error was not human and that the transcript had been produced by speech-to-text software. The software is not named.","incidentDate":"2024-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2024-05-18","aiSystem":"Unnamed speech-to-text software that, according to Il Post, produced the transcript of the interrogation attached to the inquiry file; la Repubblica describes it as automatic software that writes down words spoken in court","aiProduct":"Unidentified speech-to-text tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Il Post, an automatic transcript wrongly recorded a suspect as saying the regional president wanted unlawful rather than lawful financing, and many newspapers headlined the passage as confirming the accusations until, at an ad hoc hearing reported by la Repubblica, he confirmed he had said 'lawful' and the judge took note.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the suspect whose words the transcript misrecorded. Newspaper readers are an audience and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.ilpost.it/2024/06/13/errori-trascrizione-automatica-giustizia-tribunali/","primarySourceLabel":"Il Post, Il sistema giudiziario sottovaluta gli errori della trascrizione automatica, 13 June 2024","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-25T03:09:51.706318+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-25T03:09:51.706318+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["speech-to-text","court-transcript","criminal-investigation","misattributed-statement"]}]}