{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-27T07:08:13.134Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"special-education","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"contextual","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":1,"coverage":{"cases":1,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":1,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-ramat-gan-supreme-court-finds-city-denied-special-education-pupils-school-transport-with-ai-invented-circular-and-rulings","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'נדחתה בקשתו של האב .במענה מיום  25.5.2025נכתב ,כי בהתאם להוראות \"חוזר מנכ\"ל'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'בתגובה, במאי 2025 עובדי העירייה שלחו מכתב רשמי ומפורט שבו דחו את בקשתו.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 25 May 2025 the municipality refused transport for the pupil from his father's home, citing an Education Ministry director-general circular and quotations from recent rulings.","causal_attribution":"Facts recited by the Supreme Court from the documents before it."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'המנכ\"ל אליו מפנה עיריית רמת גן אינו מוכר לנו'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'גם במשרד החינוך אמרו כי החוזר שהעירייה הפנתה אליו לא מוכר להם'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Education Ministry told the father's lawyer that it did not know the circular the municipality cited.","causal_attribution":"The ministry's reply as quoted in the judgment."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'עיון במסמכים שצורפו לערעור ,לא מותיר מקום לספק באשר לשימוש שעשתה'; 'כפי שהוצגה למערער – התבססה בבירור על שימוש לא מבוקר בבינה מלאכותית'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'עיריית רמת גן תשלם הוצאות בסך 30,000 שקל בשל \"שימוש מופקר\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The Supreme Court found that the documents left no doubt that the municipality had used AI, and that its decision, at least as presented to the pupil, clearly rested on uncontrolled use of artificial intelligence.","causal_attribution":"The court's own finding on the AI use; the municipality did not deny it but argued the errors were technical."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'בתשלום הוצאות על סך של  – ₪ 30,000'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'ביולי העירייה הסכימה לפנים משורת הדין להחזיר לילד את הזכאות להסעות'; 'בית המשפט העליון חייב את עיריית רמת גן לשלם לאב 30,000 ש\"ח הוצאות משפט'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The municipality agreed in July 2025 to restore the transport, and the Supreme Court ordered it to pay 30,000 shekels in costs.","causal_attribution":"Outcome as recorded in the judgment and reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"special-education pupil refused school transport on the basis of AI-invented authorities; family forced to litigate","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://z.calcalist.co.il/assets/pickerul/f8edf1ed-a81f-40ca-9d68-80fe1e65d86e.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"he","translation_note":"Read in Hebrew by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Supreme Court judgment PDF hosted by Calcalist; the live file returned HTTP 403, so a Web Archive capture of the same URL was read in full (text extracted from the PDF).","independence_group":"israel-supreme-court-judgment"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.davar1.co.il/665441/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"he","translation_note":"Read in Hebrew by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Davar report of 24 March 2026 with comment from the father's lawyer; the live page returned HTTP 403, so a Web Archive capture of the same URL was read in full.","independence_group":"davar-report"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.bizportal.co.il/takdin/news/article/20029328","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"he","translation_note":"Read in Hebrew by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Bizportal (Takdin) report of 22 March 2026 quoting the judgment; HTML read, HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bizportal-takdin-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["education","public_services","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI system the municipality used and who in the municipality used it.","How long the pupil was without transport from his father's home between the refusal and July 2025.","Any disciplinary outcome inside the municipality."],"geography":{"basis":"The decision was taken by the Ramat Gan municipality and litigated in the Tel Aviv District Court and the Israeli Supreme Court (judgment and Davar). The family's residence is not used as the event location.","court_countries":["IL"],"event_countries":["IL"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an AI-informed administrative decision about a person: the Israeli Supreme Court found that Ramat Gan municipality's refusal of a special-education pupil's school transport rested on uncontrolled AI use with an invented circular and rulings, and ordered costs against the municipality.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Supreme Court found that the documents left no doubt that the municipality had used AI in its initial decision and in the proceedings, and that the refusal, at least as presented to the pupil, clearly rested on uncontrolled AI use: the circular it cited was unknown to the Education Ministry and the quoted rulings did not contain the passages. The AI output thus supplied the reasons for the municipality's decision about the pupil. The specific AI system is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Israel: Supreme Court finds Ramat Gan refused a special-education pupil school transport in a letter resting on uncontrolled AI use and invented rulings","summary":"In May 2025 the Ramat Gan municipality in Israel refused a request that a special-education pupil be given school transport from his father's home, citing an Education Ministry director-general circular and quotations from recent rulings. The father's lawyer could not find the circular, and the Education Ministry said it did not know it. After the father petitioned the Tel Aviv District Court, the municipality agreed in July 2025 to restore the transport but again filed invented quotations, and the district court refused costs. On appeal, the Supreme Court (Deputy President Noam Sohlberg, ruling published 22 March 2026) held that the documents left no doubt that the municipality had used artificial intelligence and that its decision, at least as presented to the pupil, clearly rested on uncontrolled AI use. It ordered the municipality to pay 30,000 shekels in costs.","incidentDate":"2025-05-25","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-03-22","aiSystem":"Unidentified generative AI system whose uncontrolled use, according to the Israeli Supreme Court, produced the non-existent circular and invented case-law quotations in the Ramat Gan municipality's refusal letter and court filings","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm","legal_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The pupil was refused school transport from his father's home on the basis of invented authorities, and the family had to petition the courts; the father's lawyer told Davar the father felt anger and frustration. Transport was restored in July 2025.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The pupil (the appellant) and his father, who brought the request and the litigation; the ruling and Davar describe both. The municipality's staff used the AI system, so neither is counted as a user.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"IL","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://z.calcalist.co.il/assets/pickerul/f8edf1ed-a81f-40ca-9d68-80fe1e65d86e.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Israel Supreme Court, appeal judgment of Deputy President N. Sohlberg (Ramat Gan school transport), March 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-27T03:19:07.496358+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-27T03:19:07.496358+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["public-services","education","special-education","hallucinated-authorities","supreme-court","israel"]}]}