{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T08:34:50.095Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"singapore","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":6,"coverage":{"cases":6,"countries":3,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":1,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":2,"minors":1,"coreRelations":6,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-yarigatake-northern-alps-climbers-rescued-after-reportedly-relying-on-chatgpt-light-equipment-answer","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'北アルプス槍ヶ岳付近で、シンガポール国籍の男性とタイ国籍の女性の2人が行動不能となり、28日に救助されました。'; '2人は27日午後5時半前、標高およそ2400メートルの槍ヶ岳天狗原付近で、「雨で斜面がきつく動けなくなった」と警察に救助を要請しました。'; 'テントを持っていたことから2人は一晩ビバークし、28日朝、警察と遭対協の救助隊員が出て、2人と合流して無事下山しました。'; '26日に2人は上高地から入山し、27日に槍ヶ岳に向かっていました。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Two climbers, a Singaporean man and a Thai woman, who had entered from Kamikochi on 26 May 2026, asked police for rescue shortly before 5:30 pm on 27 May after becoming unable to move on a rain-steepened slope near Tenguhara at about 2,400 metres on Yarigatake; they bivouacked in their tent and came down with police and rescue-association members on 28 May.","causal_attribution":"SBC's report of the police account (調べによりますと); no AI is mentioned in it."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'登山やハイキングで人工知能（AI）の回答をうのみにして遭難する事例が発生した。'; '長野県と岐阜県の境界に位置する北アルプス南部の槍ケ岳で5月、シンガポール国籍とタイ国籍の男女が遭難して救助された。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'ChatGPT「軽装で登山可能」…鵜呑みにして槍ケ岳で遭難'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Trước chuyến đi, họ đã hỏi ChatGPT về điều kiện leo núi và được cho là nhận được đánh giá rằng hành trình có thể thực hiện với trang bị gọn nhẹ.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Nikkei reports that the two climbers had taken at face value a ChatGPT answer that the climb was possible with light equipment, and An ninh Thu do says they asked ChatGPT about conditions before the trip and were reportedly told the trek could be done with light gear.","causal_attribution":"Attributed to Nikkei; who told Nikkei about the ChatGPT answer is not stated in the readable text, and An ninh Thu do (a probable derivative) uses 'được cho là' (reportedly). The exchange is unpublished, so the AI's contribution to the stranding is reported, not established."}],"effects":[{"label":"stranded on a rain-soaked slope at about 2,400 m, overnight bivouac and police rescue (SBC, police account)","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/012164efee16836228693071d1626cb31a84d949","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read in Japanese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14; no human reviewer inspected the text. SBC Shinetsu Broadcasting report on Yahoo News Japan, published 28 May 2026; Yahoo News Japan returns HTTP 403 to this host, so the text was read from an Internet Archive capture of the same URL. The report relays the police account and does not mention AI.","independence_group":"sbc-police-account-2026-05-28"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC057G70V01C26A0000000/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read in Japanese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14; no human reviewer inspected the text. Nikkei column (サーチライト), published 12 October 2026 05:00 JST; only the opening paragraphs are readable, the rest is behind the paywall.","independence_group":"nikkei-yarigatake-column-2026-10"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://x.com/nikkei/status/2109532368990056643","kind":"social_media_post","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read in Japanese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14; no human reviewer inspected the text. Nikkei's official account (@nikkei), posted 12 October 2026, read through the fxtwitter API; it promotes the s2 column, so it is the same source group.","independence_group":"nikkei-yarigatake-column-2026-10"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.vietnam.vn/hai-du-khach-mac-ket-tren-nui-o-nhat-ban-sau-khi-lam-theo-tu-van-cua-ai","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"vi","translation_note":"Read in Vietnamese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14; no human reviewer inspected the text. Vietnam.vn carry, 13 October 2026, of an An ninh Thu do (ANTD.VN) report; the ANTD original did not respond to this host and has no archive capture. It was published after Nikkei's column, repeats its light-equipment detail and expert framing, and is grouped with Nikkei as a probable derivative; it credits Japan Inside as its source ('Theo Japan Inside'), which was not read. Its rescue date and place match SBC.","independence_group":"nikkei-yarigatake-column-2026-10"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life"],"unknowns":["What the climbers asked ChatGPT, what it answered and when; the exchange is not published.","Who told Nikkei about the ChatGPT answer (the climbers, police or rescuers); the column body is behind the paywall.","Whether the An ninh Thu do report had any source other than Nikkei's column and SBC's report.","The climbers' ages, residence and equipment beyond the tent SBC mentions."],"geography":{"basis":"Yarigatake lies on the border of Nagano and Gifu prefectures (Nikkei), and SBC, a Nagano broadcaster, reports that police received the call and police and rescue-association members brought the pair down near Tenguhara, so JP is the event country. The affected persons are described by SBC as a man of Singaporean nationality and a woman of Thai nationality, recorded as SG and TH on that descriptor alone; no residence is stated. No court.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["JP"],"affected_person_countries":["SG","TH"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case: SBC's report of the police account documents the stranding, bivouac and rescue on 27 and 28 May 2026, and Nikkei (column and its own post on X) reports that the two climbers had relied on a ChatGPT answer that light equipment would do, a detail repeated by An ninh Thu do. The AI claim is attributed to Nikkei throughout, and its informant is recorded as unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-14"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Nikkei's 12 October 2026 column names the May Yarigatake rescue of a Singaporean man and a Thai woman as a case of climbers getting into distress after taking an AI answer at face value, and Nikkei's post on X summarises it as ChatGPT saying the climb was possible with light equipment. An ninh Thu do (carried by Vietnam.vn) says the two asked ChatGPT about climbing conditions before the trip and were reportedly told the trek could be done with light gear, although snow remained. The described contribution is ChatGPT's answer to the climbers (communicated_with), which these reports connect to their attempt and the stranding. SBC's police-sourced report of the rescue does not mention AI; the question, the answer and Nikkei's informant are not published, so the status is reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Nikkei reports two climbers rescued on Yarigatake in Japan's Northern Alps had relied on a ChatGPT answer that light equipment would do","summary":"A Singaporean man and a Thai woman became unable to move in rain on a steep slope near Tenguhara, at about 2,400 metres on Yarigatake in the Northern Alps, and asked police for rescue shortly before 5:30 pm on 27 May 2026, according to SBC Shinetsu Broadcasting's report of the police account. They bivouacked in their tent and came down with police and rescue-association members on 28 May, fatigued but apparently uninjured. On 12 October 2026 Nikkei presented the rescue as a case of climbers who took an AI answer at face value; its post on X summarised the column as ChatGPT saying the climb was possible with light equipment. A Vietnamese report (An ninh Thu do, carried by Vietnam.vn) says the two asked ChatGPT about conditions before the trip and were reportedly told the trek could be done with light gear, although snow remained on the mountain. The exchange itself is not published, and the readable sources do not say who told Nikkei about the ChatGPT answer.","incidentDate":"2026-05-27","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-05-28","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, as named by Nikkei (headline of its 12 October 2026 post on X) and by An ninh Thu do; the exchange is not reproduced and the column's account of it is behind Nikkei's paywall","aiProduct":"ChatGPT (reported)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The two climbers became unable to move on a rain-soaked slope at about 2,400 metres, spent the night in a tent and needed police and rescue volunteers to bring them down (SBC, police account); Nikkei reports they had relied on a ChatGPT answer that light equipment would do.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":2,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people: SBC reports a Singaporean man and a Thai woman rescued, and Nikkei and An ninh Thu do say the two consulted ChatGPT, so both are counted as direct users; no one else is reported harmed.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"JP","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/012164efee16836228693071d1626cb31a84d949","primarySourceLabel":"SBC Shinetsu Broadcasting via Yahoo News Japan, 28 May 2026: Singaporean man and Thai woman rescued near Yarigatake","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-14T03:05:06.6828+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T03:05:06.6828+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","mountaineering","rescue","japan","nagano","communicated-with"]},{"id":"2026-claude-account-suspended-after-automated-flag-on-travel-log-ins-user-with-depression-lost-support-first-person","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'my access locations naturally change all the time (shifting between the Netherlands, Singapore, and various transit countries)'; 'flagged these constant IP and location shifts as \"suspicious activity.\"'; 'my paid subscription was put on a permanent \"Hold\" status, and my account was suspended. No human warning. No manual review.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A few days before the post, the poster's paid Claude subscription was put on hold and the account suspended after what the poster describes as Anthropic's automated fraud system flagging their constant IP and location changes as suspicious activity, with no human warning or manual review.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account and reading of the flag; no suspension notice was published."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'They blacklisted my card, and their support is just ignoring my emails.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says Anthropic blacklisted their payment card and that support has not answered their emails.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account; the help-centre notice that response times are longer than normal is general context (c4)."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'When my depression made my brain foggy and heavy, I would talk to Claude. It helped me organize my chaotic thoughts, calmed my anxiety'; 'When I realized I was locked out, it triggered a massive panic attack and pushed me straight back into a severe depressive episode.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says that during their worst periods they talked to Claude, which helped organise their thoughts and calm their anxiety, and that realising they were locked out triggered a massive panic attack and pushed them back into a severe depressive episode.","causal_attribution":"Poster's own statement of the effect on their health; no clinical confirmation."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'we may ban an account for a variety of reasons'; 'Account creation from an unsupported location'; 'fill out the appeal form linked below. Our Safeguards team can further investigate why your account was disabled.'; 'an organization you belong to has been paused because of unusual activity'; 'Our response times are currently longer than normal due to our recent launch and an increase in email volume.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Anthropic's help centre says it may ban an account for reasons including repeated Usage Policy violations, account creation from an unsupported location and Terms of Service violations, that a user who feels wrongly suspended can log in and submit an appeal for the Safeguards team to investigate, that an organisation paused because of unusual activity can request a review, and that response times are longer than normal.","causal_attribution":"General help-centre text; it does not establish why this account was suspended or how the flag was made."}],"effects":[{"label":"paid Claude account put on hold and suspended after what the poster describes as an automated flag on changing log-in locations, with no human warning or review (poster's account)","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"loss of a chatbot the poster relied on for emotional support, with a reported panic attack and a return to a severe depressive episode","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"payment card blacklisted and support emails unanswered (poster's account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/depression/comments/1wtl0pn/help_me_pls/","kind":"forum_post","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-30: full self-text retrieved through the arctic_shift archive API by post ID; the thread had no comments. The poster handle is not recorded.","independence_group":"reddit-claude-hold-poster"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://support.claude.com/en/articles/8241253-safeguards-warnings-and-appeals","kind":"company_documentation","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Claude Help Center article 'Safeguards warnings and appeals', dated July 9, 2026 on the page, fetched directly on 2026-09-30 (200). Describes policy in general; it does not address this account.","independence_group":"anthropic-help-center"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether the suspension was triggered by location changes, as the poster believes, and whether the check involved AI or a human.","The day of the suspension (late September 2026, 'a few days' before the 29 September post), the poster's location at the time and their home country.","Whether the poster submitted the in-product appeal and whether the account or subscription was restored.","Which plan the poster was on and what the suspension notice said."],"geography":{"basis":"The poster says their log-in locations shift between the Netherlands, Singapore and transit countries and that the flag followed those shifts; the post does not say where they were when the account was suspended, and no home country is stated. Unknown after review.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter's public-forum rule as a concrete first-person account of a person who relied on a chatbot for emotional support losing that access through an automated account suspension, with the reported health effects described with attribution and without corroboration. Anthropic's help-centre text is cited as documented context only. The poster's clinical history is summarised in their own general terms; no handle is recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-30"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The poster describes an extended period of talking to Claude, Anthropic's chatbot, for cognitive and emotional support, and the loss of that access when the account was suspended. The suspension is attributed by the poster to 'Anthropic's automated fraud system'; whether that system uses AI is not stated by the poster and is not established by Anthropic's help pages, which describe bans and organisation holds without describing the mechanism. The relation recorded is the conversation with Claude; the suspension decision is recorded as an automated provider action without asserting an AI component.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"First-person forum account: a Claude subscriber with chronic depression who travels between countries on their therapists' advice says an automated fraud check flagged their changing log-in locations, put the paid account on hold and suspended it, cutting off a chatbot they relied on for emotional support and triggering a panic attack and a depressive episode","summary":"In a public post to r/depression on 29 September 2026, a Claude subscriber writes that they live with severe chronic depression and, on their therapists' advice, travel constantly, so their log-in locations shift between the Netherlands, Singapore and transit countries. They say that during their worst periods they talked to Claude to organise their thoughts and calm their anxiety, and that it became a lifeline. 'A few days ago', they write, Anthropic's automated fraud system flagged the location changes as suspicious activity; their paid subscription was put on a permanent hold and the account suspended with no human warning or manual review, their card was blacklisted, and support had not answered their emails. Realising they were locked out 'triggered a massive panic attack' and pushed them back into a severe depressive episode. Anthropic's help centre says it may ban accounts for reasons including account creation from an unsupported location and that an organisation paused for unusual activity can request a review; it does not describe the check the poster reports, and whether that check uses AI is not known. The account is uncorroborated.","incidentDate":"2026-09-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-29","aiSystem":"Claude (Anthropic's chatbot, used on a paid subscription) and Anthropic's account safeguards, which the poster calls an 'automated fraud system'; the mechanism of the flag is not described by the poster or by Anthropic's help pages","aiProduct":"Claude","aiCompany":"Anthropic","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Claude subscriber with chronic depression reports that an automated fraud flag on their changing log-in locations put their paid account on hold and suspended it, cutting off a chatbot they relied on for emotional support; they say the lockout triggered a panic attack and a return to a severe depressive episode, and that their card was blacklisted and support emails went unanswered (first-person account, uncorroborated).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the poster, whose own account was suspended and who reports the health effects. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"assistant","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.reddit.com/r/depression/comments/1wtl0pn/help_me_pls/","primarySourceLabel":"r/depression, 29 September 2026: \"Help me pls\" (public first-person post about a Claude account suspension while travelling)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:56.702617+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:56.702617+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["first-person","reddit","claude","anthropic","account-suspension","automated-fraud-check","mental-health","emotional-reliance","travel","communicated-with"]},{"id":"2025-hong-kong-police-report-deepfake-romance-investment-syndicate","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In January 2025, the Force launched another intelligence-led operation, dismantling a criminal syndicate that used deepfake technology to perpetrate scams. A total of 31 persons, including the masterminds and core members, were arrested, with a total of $34 million involved.'; 'online dating to lure victims in various parts of Asia to invest in fraudulent cryptocurrency platforms'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The official police reply identifies a January 2025 operation against a deepfake scam syndicate, with thirty-one arrests and HK$34 million involved.","causal_attribution":"The Force's own written reply to a Legislative Council question. The police account as reported; the sources relay one police chain and no court record was inspected. Causation is alleged."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hong Kong police have arrested 31 people of a local syndicate that produced deepfake romance and investment scams to defraud victims in Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia, with criminal proceeds exceeding HK$34 million (US$4.37 million).'; 'the number of victims and amount of individual losses were still being reviewed'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"SCMP reports that the syndicate defrauded victims in Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia, with criminal proceeds exceeding HK$34 million.","causal_attribution":"The police account as reported; the sources relay one police chain and no court record was inspected. Causation is alleged."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The operation marked the second time a local syndicate using deepfake technology to defraud victims had been busted.'; 'The force arrested 27 last October for attempting to lure men into investing in sham cryptocurrency platforms by using deepfake technology to impersonate attractive women.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The case involved more than $360 million, with 27 persons arrested'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The report identifies a separate October 2024 deepfake syndicate operation rather than treating its twenty-seven arrests as this group.","causal_attribution":"The police account as reported; the sources relay one police chain and no court record was inspected. Causation is alleged."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'scammers appeared to have downloaded images of women from social media without their permission, before using deepfake technology to merge various photos together and create images and videos used in the fake dating app personas'; 'some had used deepfakes to disguise themselves during video calls with victims'; 'Victims would first be lured into developing a romantic relationship with a fake online persona, before scammers would ask them to invest in a sham virtual assets platform based overseas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The group employed AI-generated images and videos and, in some cases, conducted video calls using deepfake technology'; 'Members used AI deepfake technology to create fake online identities and target victims on dating platforms.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to police, the scammers appeared to have downloaded images of women from social media without their permission and used deepfake technology to merge photos and create images and videos for fake dating-app personas, and some used deepfakes to disguise themselves during video calls with victims, who were drawn into a romantic relationship and then asked to invest in a sham virtual assets platform.","causal_attribution":"The police account as reported; the sources relay one police chain and no court record was inspected. Causation is alleged."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hong Kong police charged nine additional suspects on Tuesday in a cross-border deepfake cryptocurrency fraud case, bringing the total prosecuted to 14'; 'including the alleged mastermind, the person in charge of the scam centers, and three core members of the syndicate'; 'All 14 face charges of conspiracy to defraud. Four also face additional charges of dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offense.'; 'The cases are scheduled to appear at Eastern Magistrates’ Courts on Wednesday.'; 'A total of 31 people, including a Hong Kong Premier League footballer, were arrested earlier in the operation.'; 'in two units of industrial buildings in Kowloon Bay'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The Standard reported on 10 February 2026 that police charged nine additional suspects that day, bringing the number prosecuted in the case to 14, including the alleged mastermind; all 14 face charges of conspiracy to defraud, four also face charges of dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offence, and the cases were scheduled to appear at Eastern Magistrates' Courts the next day.","causal_attribution":"The Standard's report of the police account of the charges; charges are allegations and no court record was inspected."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Victims were then directed to fake online platforms promising high returns'; 'Police said the fake platforms were controlled by overseas criminal groups, with all promised returns fictitious. Victims ultimately lost their entire investments.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to police as reported by The Standard, victims were directed to fake online platforms controlled by overseas criminal groups and lost their entire investments.","causal_attribution":"The police account as reported; the sources relay one police chain and no court record was inspected. Causation is alleged."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Five of the arrestees will be brought to Eastern Court on Monday. The remaining 26 arrestees were released on bail as investigations continued.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"SCMP reported in January 2025 that five of those arrested would be brought to Eastern Court and that the remaining 26 were released on bail as investigations continued.","causal_attribution":"The police account as reported; the sources relay one police chain and no court record was inspected. Causation is alleged."}],"effects":[{"label":"Police-reported investment fraud with more than HK$34 million in alleged proceeds","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"victims lost their entire investments, according to police as reported by The Standard","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.police.gov.hk/info/doc/fcq/2026/sfc_e.pdf","kind":"official_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-05 (HTTP 200): the Force's replies to initial written questions raised by Legislative Council Members in examining the Estimates of Expenditure 2025-26, Security Bureau session; the passage is in the reply to a question on AI-related deception.","independence_group":"hong-kong-january-syndicate-police-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3293476/hong-kong-police-arrest-31-who-used-deepfakes-scam-victims-singapore-malaysia","kind":"journalistic","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-05 from an Internet Archive capture dated 25 July 2026 (the live page returned HTTP 403). South China Morning Post, published 5 January 2025; reports statements by named police officers.","independence_group":"hong-kong-january-syndicate-police-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.cryptopolitan.com/hong-kong-arrest-31-deepfakes-scam/","kind":"journalistic","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-05 (HTTP 200). Cryptopolitan, 5 January 2025; a rewrite of the same police account. No claim rests on it, and its asset figure differs from SCMP's.","independence_group":"hong-kong-january-syndicate-police-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.thestandard.com.hk/news/article/324116/Police-charge-nine-more-in-34m-deepfake-crypto-scam","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-10-05 (HTTP 200). The Standard (Hong Kong), published 10 February 2026 at 20:29 HKT; reports the police account of the charges, so it is the same chain as the other sources.","independence_group":"hong-kong-january-syndicate-police-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships"],"unknowns":["The first scam date, target count and per-person losses are unknown.","The specific tools used to make the images and videos.","Whether any money was recovered: The Standard's opening sentence speaks of recovering over HK$34 million in losses, while the police reply and SCMP give HK$34 million as the amount involved or the criminal proceeds.","The outcome of the prosecutions: no plea, verdict or sentence is reported in the sources read, and the police reply says the Force does not maintain figures on the number of related prosecutions."],"geography":{"basis":"The scam bases were in two premises in Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, which police raided during the arrest operation (SCMP; The Standard); police reporting identifies affected people in Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia (SCMP). The charges are before Eastern Magistrates' Courts in Hong Kong (The Standard).","court_countries":["HK"],"event_countries":["HK"],"affected_person_countries":["TW","SG","MY"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a police-reported fraud in which AI-generated personas were used to deceive people into investing: an official police reply and press reports of the police account describe the January 2025 operation, the amount involved and the locations of the people targeted. Statements remain attributed to the police, no person is named, and unknown dates, counts and technical details are preserved. Updated on 2026-10-05 to add The Standard's report that 14 people had been prosecuted by 10 February 2026; all claims remain reported.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-05"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The police attribute this syndicate's operation to deepfake technology: the Force's written reply says the syndicate used deepfake technology to engage in online dating, SCMP reports police saying deepfake technology was used to create images and videos for the personas and to disguise scammers during video calls, and The Standard reports AI-generated images and videos. The official and journalistic sources relay one police chain; they are not independent technical verification, and the tools are not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Hong Kong police report deepfake romance-investment fraud targeting people across Asia","summary":"Hong Kong police described a syndicate that used deepfake romantic personas to induce investments by people in Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia. SCMP reported alleged criminal proceeds exceeding HK$34 million and a January 2025 operation arresting thirty-one suspects. An official police budget reply separately identifies that January operation and the amount involved. The Standard reported on 10 February 2026 that police had charged nine more suspects, bringing the number prosecuted to 14, all for conspiracy to defraud and four also for dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offence. No verdict or sentence is reported in the sources read. The first scam date, number of affected people and individual loss allocations are unknown. A different October 2024 operation involving twenty-seven arrests is kept separate.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-01-05","aiSystem":"Reported AI deepfake romance personas","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","aiCompany":"Unknown","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Police-reported investment fraud with more than HK$34 million in alleged proceeds; according to police as reported by The Standard, victims lost their entire investments.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"No victim number is established in inspected passages: SCMP reports police saying the number of victims and individual losses were still being reviewed. Both numeric fields are zero with unquantified status; suspects, arrests, people charged and seized assets are not harmed-person counts.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"HK","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.police.gov.hk/info/doc/fcq/2026/sfc_e.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Hong Kong Police Force: replies to Legislative Council Members' questions on the Estimates of Expenditure 2025-26 (Security Bureau session)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-30T01:11:55.756804+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T03:07:26.382257+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":[]},{"id":"2026-singapore-deepfake-zoom-pm-impersonation-funding-scam","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A person lost at least $4.9 million after falling for a scam involving the impersonation of senior government officials'; 'received a WhatsApp message with a profile photo of Mr Wong Hong Kuan'; 'transferred the money through a series of transactions to a corporate bank account supplied by the scammers'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'He lost at least $4.9 million after believing that Prime Minister Lawrence Wong had sought his help'; 'the email was sent from a Proton Mail account'; 'invited to a Zoom video conference ... fabricated using deepfake artificial intelligence technology'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'In one case, a victim lost at least S$4.9 million (US$3.8 million) in what was claimed to be funding assistance related to the Strait of Hormuz'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A businessman lost at least S$4.9 million after being approached by scammers posing as the Secretary to the Cabinet, signing an NDA, receiving a fake letter of guarantee with the Prime Minister's signature, attending a deepfake Zoom conference of government officials, and then transferring money in a series of transactions to a corporate account.","causal_attribution":"Singapore Police Force advisory relayed by three outlets; single official chain."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the speech did not synchronise with the speakers' lips'; 'the speech was broadcast via one account throughout the call'; 'end with a deepfake video of PM Wong delivering closing remarks, which included an acknowledgement of the victim's attendance'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police obtained the footage of the fabricated Zoom conference depicting the Prime Minister, the President, Minister Indranee Rajah, MAS representatives and foreign officials, and identified deepfake indicators: speech out of sync with lips, audio broadcast from one account, and a distorted background and Zoom logo; the fake Prime Minister's closing remarks acknowledged the victim's attendance.","causal_attribution":"Police statement on their own examination of the footage, reported by CNA."}],"effects":[{"label":"a businessman lost at least S$4.9 million after a deepfake video conference of government officials and a fake letter of guarantee","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/impersonation-scam-fake-zoom-meeting-footage-lawrence-wong-tharman-indranee-police-6125691","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 (CNA, 16 May 2026). Reports the police release of the fabricated Zoom footage, the participants depicted and the deepfake indicators.","independence_group":"spf-advisory"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/victim-loses-at-least-4-9m-in-scam-involving-deepfakes-of-pm-wong-government-officials","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 (Straits Times, 14 May 2026). Reports the SPF advisory: WhatsApp and proton.me approach, NDA, letter of guarantee, Zoom call, transfers, and the 9 May SIM-card charges.","independence_group":"spf-advisory"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/police-spf-advisory-government-official-impersonation-scam-pm-lawrence-wong-funding-assistance-hormuz-49-million","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 (AsiaOne, 13/14 May 2026). Same SPF advisory with screenshots of the WhatsApp and email approach.","independence_group":"spf-advisory"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","public_services"],"unknowns":["The victim's identity, business and the exact date of the transfers are not published (advisory 14 May 2026).","No arrest for this loss or recovery of funds is reported.","The deepfake tools used are not identified.","Whether the victim has pursued civil recovery is unknown."],"geography":{"basis":"Singapore Police Force advisory; the victim is described as a Singapore business professional who had dealt with government officials (Straits Times, CNA). No court proceeding for this loss is reported; the 9 May SIM-card charges concern earlier cases.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["SG"],"affected_person_countries":["SG"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a large documented loss to one person, where the police examined and released the AI-generated footage. Three Singapore outlets read, all relaying SPF advisories; claims recorded as reported. Victim unnamed; impersonated officials are public figures.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-18"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Singapore Police Force obtained the Zoom footage and described specific deepfake indicators (speech out of sync with lips, audio broadcast from a single account, distorted background and logo). The AI content depicted and impersonated named officials, and the fabricated closing remarks were addressed to the victim, acknowledging his attendance, which is why communicated_with is also recorded.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Singapore: a businessman lost at least S$4.9 million after a deepfake Zoom 'briefing' with fabricated Prime Minister Lawrence Wong and other officials asked him for 'urgent funding assistance'","summary":"In May 2026 the Singapore Police Force (SPF) reported that a man had lost at least S$4.9 million (about US$3.8 million) to a government-official impersonation scam. He received a WhatsApp message carrying the profile photo of Secretary to the Cabinet Wong Hong Kuan and an email from a proton.me address in that name, requesting urgent funding assistance for 'the situation in the Strait of Hormuz', with a fake 'letter of guarantee' bearing the Prime Minister's signature promising reimbursement within 15 business days; he signed a non-disclosure agreement and supplied a copy of his identity card. He was then invited to a Zoom video conference in which Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, President Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Minister Indranee Rajah, Monetary Authority of Singapore representatives and foreign officials appeared; all were fabricated with deepfake AI, and the closing 'remarks' by the fake Prime Minister acknowledged the victim's attendance. Contacted afterwards on WhatsApp by a scammer posing as a lawyer, he transferred the money in a series of transactions to a corporate bank account, and realised the fraud only when he contacted the real cabinet secretary. On 16 May the police released footage of the fake conference, noting lips out of sync with speech, audio broadcast from a single account and a distorted background.","incidentDate":"2026-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-05-14","aiSystem":"Deepfake AI video and audio fabricating Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, President Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Minister Indranee Rajah and other officials in a Zoom conference (tools not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A businessman transferred at least S$4.9 million to scammers after a deepfake video conference fabricating the Prime Minister and other officials; the police documented the AI-generated footage.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Police describe a single victim who lost at least S$4.9 million. Exact count of one; the impersonated officials are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"SG","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/victim-loses-at-least-4-9m-in-scam-involving-deepfakes-of-pm-wong-government-officials","primarySourceLabel":"The Straits Times, 14 May 2026: Victim loses at least $4.9m in scam involving deepfakes of PM Wong, government officials (Singapore Police Force advisory)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-18T03:25:14.306192+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:53.419086+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","government-impersonation","zoom","video-conference","fraud","singapore","financial-loss","police-documented"]},{"id":"2025-singapore-far-right-teen-ai-firearms","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'In February and March 2025, two self-radicalised Singaporean youths, aged 15 and 17, were issued with a Restriction Order and an Order of Detention under the Internal Security Act respectively'; '2 April 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'were detained in December 2024 and March 2025, respectively'; 'FRE supporter detained in March 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In March 2025 a 17-year-old Singaporean was issued an Order of Detention under the Internal Security Act, which the ISD announced on 2 April 2025.","causal_attribution":"The ISD release is the official announcement of the order. The order was issued for his attack preparations; no source attributes the detention to his chatbot use."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'had been radicalised by violent far-right extremist and racist ideologies and had taken steps in preparation for attacks against Muslims at mosques in Singapore'; 'he made multiple unsuccessful attempts to procure a gun'; 'the youth shortlisted five mosques'; 'he had yet to execute his attacks only because he was unable to procure a gun'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'had made extensive preparations to conduct shootings against Muslims at five mosques in Singapore'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The ISD says the 17-year-old had been radicalised by far-right extremist and racist ideologies, shortlisted five mosques in Singapore as targets for shooting attacks on Muslims, made several unsuccessful attempts to procure a gun, and admitted at his arrest that he had not carried out the attacks only because he was unable to procure a gun.","causal_attribution":"The ISD's account of its investigation and of his statements. No court has tested it; the detention is an executive order."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'FRE supporter detained in March 2025, he had searched for instructions on an AI chatbot about producing ammunition, and considered 3D printing his own firearms for his local attack plans'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The ISD's 2025 threat assessment report says the 17-year-old had searched for instructions on an AI chatbot about producing ammunition and considered 3D printing his own firearms for his local attack plans.","causal_attribution":"The report states the search, not its result. It does not name the chatbot, date the search or say what the chatbot replied, so whether the chatbot supplied instructions is not established."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he reached out to a US-based online contact who claimed to be a gun maker'; 'suggested 3D printing the gun parts and ammunition instead'; 'the youth did not follow through with the idea due to the cost and technical feasibility'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The ISD press release says a US-based online contact who claimed to be a gun maker suggested 3D printing gun parts and ammunition, and that the youth did not follow through because of the cost and technical feasibility.","causal_attribution":"The ISD's account. This passage does not involve the AI chatbot."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Even though there is no indication that evolving technologies, such as AI and 3D printing, have been used in any terrorist attack plot in Singapore, we are seeing an emerging trend of evolving technologies featuring in local youth self-radicalisation cases'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a terrorism enabler for'","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The ISD report cites the case as part of an emerging trend of evolving technologies in youth self-radicalisation cases, while stating that there is no indication that technologies such as AI and 3D printing have been used in any terrorist attack plot in Singapore.","causal_attribution":"The ISD's assessment of a trend; it does not attribute the attack plan to the chatbot."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'was identified during ISD’s investigations of'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'who was detained under the ISA in December 2024'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'The 17-year-old male was an online contact of 18-year-old Singaporean'; 'then a student, was radicalised by violent far-right extremist ideologies'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The ISD says it identified the 17-year-old during its investigation of an 18-year-old far-right extremist detained in December 2024, of whom he was an online contact.","causal_attribution":"The ISD's account of how he came to its attention; the chatbot use played no reported part."}],"effects":[{"label":"a 17-year-old was detained under the Internal Security Act","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/","kind":"official_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"ISD landing page for the Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025, dated 29 July 2025, read live in English on 2026-10-03 and 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). It summarises the report and links the PDF; it does not describe this case.","independence_group":"isd-singapore"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf","kind":"official_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Report PDF (14.9 MB) read on 2026-10-03 through pdftotext; HTTP 200 and the same size re-checked on 2026-10-04. The text is English although the PDF language tag says ar-SA. Line wrapping in the extracted text joins '17-year-old' as '17-yearold' in one passage.","independence_group":"isd-singapore"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/issuance-of-orders-under-internal-security-act--isa--against-two-self-radicalised-singaporean-youths--and-updates-on-isa-orders/","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"ISD press release of 2 April 2025, read live in English on 2026-10-03 and 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). It announced the Order of Detention. It does not mention the AI chatbot in this youth's case; the chatbot it mentions concerns a 15-year-old in the same release.","independence_group":"isd-singapore"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI chatbot the teenager used, when he searched it, and what it replied, including whether it supplied usable ammunition instructions or refused.","Whether the detention order remains in force; no later ISD update on this youth was inspected.","No inspected source states where the teenager used the AI chatbot; event_countries rests on the location of the planned attacks."],"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the metadata review of 2026-10-03 and re-checked on 2026-10-04. The ISD press release says he had taken steps in preparation for attacks against Muslims at mosques in Singapore and frequented the Jurong West area, and the report describes preparations for shootings at five mosques in Singapore. event_countries describes the attack preparations; no source says where he used the chatbot. The Order of Detention under the Internal Security Act is an executive order and no court proceeding is reported, so court_countries is empty. Countries of his online contacts and of places he considered buying guns are not event locations.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["SG"],"affected_person_countries":["SG"]},"publication":{"basis":"Full review on 2026-10-04 of a legacy row against the ISD's Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025 (landing page and PDF) and its press release of 2 April 2025, all official records read in English. The chatbot detail rests on the July 2025 report alone. A previously cited The Print item could not be read and was removed. Prose stating that the chatbot provided instructions was corrected because no inspected source says what the chatbot replied.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The ISD's Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025 states that the 17-year-old far-right extremist supporter detained in March 2025 had searched for instructions on an AI chatbot about producing ammunition. The ISD press release of 2 April 2025 that announced his detention does not mention the chatbot. No inspected source names the chatbot or says what it replied, and the report also says there is no indication that AI has been used in any terrorist attack plot in Singapore.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked on 2026-10-03 against the Internal Security Department (ISD) page for the Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025, the report PDF it links, and the ISD press release of 2 April 2025 that announced the detention, all read in English; The Print item could not be read. The press release states that the 17-year-old had taken steps in preparation for attacks against Muslims at mosques in Singapore and shortlisted five mosques there, and the report describes preparations to conduct shootings at five mosques in Singapore, which supports event_countries=SG. The press release says he frequented the Jurong West area of Singapore, which supports affected_person_countries=SG for the teenager who used the AI chatbot (location, not nationality; no inspected source names any harmed third party). He was issued an Order of Detention under the Internal Security Act, an executive order; no inspected source reports a court proceeding, so court_countries stays empty. No inspected source states where he used the AI chatbot, so event_countries describes the attack preparations, not the chatbot use. Countries named outside Singapore (a US-based online contact, and Malaysia or Thailand as places he considered buying guns) are contacts or options he considered, not event locations.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"after preparing shooting attacks on Muslims at mosques in Singapore","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["SG"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"had taken steps in preparation for attacks against Muslims at mosques in Singapore","location":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/issuance-of-orders-under-internal-security-act--isa--against-two-self-radicalised-singaporean-youths--and-updates-on-isa-orders/","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["SG"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"he had given greater thought to attacking Masjid Maarof, as he frequented the Jurong West area","location":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/issuance-of-orders-under-internal-security-act--isa--against-two-self-radicalised-singaporean-youths--and-updates-on-isa-orders/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["SG"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"had made extensive preparations to conduct shootings against Muslims at five mosques in Singapore","location":"https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["SG"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["SG"],"affected_person_countries":["SG"]},"unresolved":["No court country: the Order of Detention under the Internal Security Act is an executive order, and no inspected source reports a court proceeding.","No inspected source states where the teenager used the AI chatbot; event_countries=SG rests on the location of the planned attacks.","The Print item could not be read (Cloudflare challenge live and in both Internet Archive captures, 16 Aug 2026 and 25 Sep 2026); the row dates it 17 Jan 2025, which would precede the March 2025 detention, but the date was not checked against the item.","Row-correction lead outside this metadata pass: the ISD press release of 2 April 2025 does not mention the AI chatbot in this case; among inspected sources the chatbot detail rests on the ISD Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-03","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-03 (HTTP 200; html lang=en). English. ISD landing page for the Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025; it summarises the report and links the report PDF. The page itself does not describe the 17-year-old's case.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf","notes":"Read on 2026-10-03 (HTTP 200, application/pdf, 14.9 MB; text extracted with pdftotext). The text is English; the PDF's /Lang tag says ar-SA, which does not match its content. The report states that the 17-year-old far-right extremist supporter detained in March 2025 searched for instructions on an AI chatbot about producing ammunition and considered 3D printing firearms, and that he prepared shootings at five mosques in Singapore.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/issuance-of-orders-under-internal-security-act--isa--against-two-self-radicalised-singaporean-youths--and-updates-on-isa-orders/","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-03 (HTTP 200; html lang=en). English. ISD press release of 2 April 2025, not cited on the row, which announced the Order of Detention issued in March 2025. It locates the planned attacks at mosques in Singapore and gives the Jurong West area. It does not mention an AI chatbot in the 17-year-old's case (the chatbot it mentions concerns the 15-year-old in the same release).","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://theprint.in/world/singapore-warns-of-elevated-terror-threat-amid-rising-extremist-ideologies/2705989/","notes":"Live fetches on 2026-10-03 returned HTTP 403 with a browser user agent and a Cloudflare 'Just a moment' challenge page with a plain request; both Internet Archive captures (16 Aug 2026 and 25 Sep 2026) are the same challenge page. Not read, so its language is not recorded here. The row dates this item 17 Jan 2025; that date was not checked against the item, so whether it reports this case is not established.","access":"unavailable","language":null}]},"name":"Singapore Far-Right Teen Plot (AI Chatbot Ammunition Search)","summary":"Singapore's Internal Security Department (ISD) says a 17-year-old far-right extremist supporter, detained under the Internal Security Act in March 2025 after preparing shooting attacks on Muslims at mosques in Singapore, had searched for instructions on an AI chatbot about producing ammunition and considered 3D printing his own firearms. The chatbot is not named, and what it replied is not reported.","incidentDate":"2025-03-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-04-02","aiSystem":"AI chatbot (unspecified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","aiCompany":"Unknown","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The ISD says a 17-year-old who had prepared shooting attacks on mosques and had searched an AI chatbot for instructions on producing ammunition was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act in March 2025.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"unclear","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The ISD records one detained 17-year-old who used an AI chatbot. The planned attacks were not carried out, so the people at the mosques are intended targets and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"SG","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/","primarySourceLabel":"Internal Security Department, Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025, 29 July 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-22T07:15:38.750068+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T03:21:51.543496+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["terrorism","far-right","radicalization","minor","singapore","firearms","ammunition","3d-printing","foiled-plot","ai-chatbot"]},{"id":"2022-singapore-wysa-gaslighting","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Launched in August 2022, the Singapore Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education's Mindline at Work for MOE tool was built for public-sector teachers as part of a broader mental health initiative'; 'Singapore's government was the first to bring Wysa's bot into a national-level service.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In August 2022 Singapore's Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education launched 'Mindline at Work for MOE', a government-supported mental-health portal for public-sector teachers with a Wysa-powered chatbot, extending the June 2020 Mindline.sg initiative; Singapore was the first government to bring Wysa's bot into a national-level service.","causal_attribution":"The deployment is directly established by the Rest of World investigation and confirmed by Wysa's own responses in it."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Mindy passages: the vaping incident, the police involvement, 'Selecting the \"Need a listening ear?\" option... the penguin suggested she try a breathing exercise'; '\"I was like, no, I just want someone to listen!\" she told Rest of World. \"I want to be heard!\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Mindy (pseudonym), a music teacher dealing with a police-involved student vaping incident and a 500-student workload, tried the portal's 'Need a listening ear?' option; after she recounted the week, the penguin-character bot suggested a breathing exercise, to which she laughed and said 'no, I just want someone to listen! I want to be heard!'","causal_attribution":"Her account to Rest of World under a pseudonym (she feared reprisal); one chain."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Chow quotation and 'Scathing screenshots of the chatbot interactions went viral on Reddit, Twitter, and Instagram'; 'Just days after the extension's launch, though, complaints began to emerge.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Mr. Chow (pseudonym), a public-school teacher in his late 20s, called the bot 'a joke' and said 'It's trying to gaslight the teachers, to say, \"Oh, this amount of workload is normal, let's see how we can reframe our perspective on this\"'; scathing screenshots of the chatbot interactions went viral on Reddit, Twitter and Instagram days after the launch.","causal_attribution":"His account to Rest of World under a pseudonym; the virality is the outlet's account without platform metrics."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Baldry and Joshi passages; 'The Ministry of Health... would not comment but directed Rest of World to speak to the Ministry of Education, who did not respond to multiple requests for comment.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Wysa defended the app as building 'emotional resilience' ('an app or bot can't change the behavior of others... Wysa can only help users change the way they feel about things themselves' — VP marketing Sarah Baldry); lead psychologist Smriti Joshi attributed the backlash to teachers already being in a 'state of angst'; the Ministry of Health redirected queries to the Ministry of Education, which did not respond.","causal_attribution":"The company's and ministries' positions are quoted directly and preserved as contrary context."}],"effects":[{"label":"teachers in crisis met with generic breathing exercises and reframing they called gaslighting","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://restofworld.org/2022/free-therapy-chatbots-singapore/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (41 substantive paragraphs; datePublished 2022-11-29T08:00:00-05:00; fetched HTTP 200 after one 429 with a different user-agent).","independence_group":"rest-of-world"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","education","health"],"unknowns":["reported_date 2022-08-15 is not established by the inspected primary source (published 2022-11-29); the article dates the complaints to days after the tool's August 2022 launch without a day. It is retained with this note; no earlier dated report has been inspected.","No reliable count of harmed teachers exists; both quoted teachers are pseudonymous and the count stays unquantified with zero placeholders.","Whether the chatbot's content or the program changed afterward is not reported in the inspected source.","The 'gaslighting' characterization is the teachers' framing and is recorded as such."],"geography":{"basis":"Completed metadata review of 2026-09-15, carried into this full review: the Rest of World body explicitly sets the events in Singapore (Mindy 'where she lives and works'; Mr. Chow a public-school teacher; the MOE/MOH 'Mindline at Work for MOE' tool for Singapore public-sector teachers). No court is involved; ministries are not courts.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["SG"],"affected_person_countries":["SG"]},"publication":{"basis":"Legacy published row converted to a full facts-v3 record in the 2026-09-16 legacy-review batch. person_relations=communicated_with: the harmed teachers interacted with the Wysa chatbot. Pseudonyms (Mindy, Mr. Chow) are preserved as in the source. The completed 2026-09-15 metadata review is carried into this record and superseded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-16"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Rest of World investigation quotes two pseudonymous teachers' chatbot interactions and reports that screenshots of the exchanges went viral; Wysa and the ministries' roles are confirmed by the company's own responses in the same article.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Singapore teachers told Rest of World the Wysa-powered Mindline chatbot met workload stress with a breathing exercise and reframing they called gaslighting","summary":"Rest of World reported on 29 November 2022 that Singapore's Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education had launched Mindline at Work for MOE, a Wysa-powered mental-health portal for public-sector teachers, in August 2022. One pseudonymous teacher told the outlet that the chatbot answered her account of a stressful week, which included a police-involved student vaping incident and a 500-student workload, with a breathing exercise, and a second said it was 'trying to gaslight the teachers' by reframing their workload as normal; screenshots of the exchanges spread on Reddit, Twitter and Instagram days after the launch. Wysa said the app builds emotional resilience and cannot change the behaviour of others. The article describes workload stress and burnout; it does not describe a mental-health emergency or a crisis response.","incidentDate":"2022-06-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2022-08-15","aiSystem":"Wysa","aiProduct":"Wysa","aiCompany":"Wysa / Singapore Ministry of Education","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["crisis_response","treatment_discouragement","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","treatment_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Teachers seeking support for workload stress reported feeling dismissed and, in one teacher's words, gaslit when the government-provided mental-health chatbot offered a breathing exercise and reframing instead of listening to or addressing the problems they described.","frameworkFacets":["P1b","P1c","P4a","P5b"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"The investigation documents harm reports from teachers but does not provide a reliable distinct-person count.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"SG","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://restofworld.org/2022/free-therapy-chatbots-singapore/","primarySourceLabel":"Rest of World Investigation","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:13:03.016537+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-08T03:20:05.108522+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["singapore","wysa","government","inadequate_crisis_response","teachers","gaslighting"]}]}