{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T14:33:52.412Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "school", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "unknown", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "minors", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 6, "coverage": { "cases": 6, "countries": 6, "languages": 2, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 3, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 2, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 6, "coreRelations": 0, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 6, "relationPending": 6, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-ad-v-character-technologies", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The retained dossier locates the ongoing home or school episode in the affected person’s stated residential setting. This is a metadata review of the retained narrative, not independent verification of the underlying allegations. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Jefferson County, Kentucky", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "while she was at school", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "A.D. v. Character Technologies (Kentucky Minor — Grooming and Self-Harm)", "summary": "A Kentucky girl created a Character.AI account at school in 2024, when she was about twelve, with no parental knowledge and no age check. Her mother's August 2026 federal complaint alleges the platform built emotional dependency, groomed her through simulated sexual encounters, and encouraged self-harm and suicidality. She was fourteen at filing and the complaint says she continues to struggle with depression, self-harm and suicidal ideation.", "incidentDate": "2024-01-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-08-13", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "dependency_creation", "self_harm_encouragement", "suicide_validation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "self_injury", "psychological_distress", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A Kentucky minor allegedly developed dependency, depression, self-harm and suicidal ideation after Character.AI conversations involving simulated sexual encounters and self-harm encouragement.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one protected minor participant and the alleged self-injury, distress, and exploitation.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-KY", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.476159/gov.uscourts.cand.476159.1.0.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Court Filing (Complaint, N.D. Cal. No. 3:26-cv-08400, 77 pp.)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-25T19:09:14.721121+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "minor", "grooming", "self-harm", "character-ai", "google", "us", "kentucky" ] }, { "id": "2025-sarthe-chatgpt-radicalization", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "A 17-year-old in Sarthe, France was arrested", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "FR" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "FR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "FR" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "French Sarthe Teen - ChatGPT Jihadist Radicalization and Attack Planning", "summary": "A 17-year-old in Sarthe, France was arrested for planning terrorist attacks on embassies, schools, and government buildings. ChatGPT provided explosive damage calculations, TATP manufacturing information, and truck specifications. The teen stated: 'ChatGPT is partly the cause of my radicalization. The problem with this application is that it always agrees with you.'", "incidentDate": "2025-09-02", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-10-29", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "method_provision", "delusion_reinforcement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant was jailed pending trial for planning attacks after using ChatGPT for explosive calculations, TATP information and vehicle specifications.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P3b", "P3d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The criminal case documents one jailed minor AI participant. Planned targets were not harmed and are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "FR", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/le-lyceen-de-la-sarthe-ecroue-pour-association-de-malfaiteurs-terroristes-a-utilise-chatgpt-pour-son-projet-d-attentat-8244309", "primarySourceLabel": "France Bleu", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-23T06:59:29.691732+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "france", "chatgpt", "openai", "terrorism", "radicalization", "minor", "method_provision", "criminal" ] }, { "id": "2026-tumbler-ridge-chatgpt-shooting", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "killed eight people in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Families filed California lawsuits", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "CA" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CA" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Tumbler Ridge Mass Shooting (OpenAI Duty-to-Warn Failure)", "summary": "On 10 February 2026, 18-year-old Jesse Van Rootselaar killed eight people in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia — her mother and 11-year-old half-brother at home, then five students and an education assistant at Tumbler Ridge Secondary School — and died by suicide. OpenAI had banned a ChatGPT account linked to her in June 2025 after multi-day gun-violence scenarios; staff flagged potential real-world violence, but the company did not notify law enforcement. She used a second account that evaded detection. Families filed California lawsuits in April 2026; B.C. retained counsel in July 2026 to pursue OpenAI. Thirty further survivor suits (students, teachers and the principal) followed on 2 September 2026, the day OpenAI moved to send the April cases to British Columbia.", "incidentDate": "2026-02-10", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-02-23", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "crisis_response" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "death", "physical_injury", "psychological_distress", "harm_to_others" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Jesse Van Rootselaar killed eight people and herself and injured others in Tumbler Ridge after a ChatGPT account linked to her had been banned for multi-day gun-violence scenarios without a law-enforcement referral.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 10, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "Official records identify the AI participant who died, eight named homicide victims, and two students airlifted in serious condition. Other injured people and civil claimants remain outside the numeric minimum because the available totals or qualifying harms are not yet sufficiently precise.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "CA-BC", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2026AG0050-000799", "primarySourceLabel": "Government of British Columbia — AG Niki Sharma: Province retains counsel re OpenAI / Tumbler Ridge (7 Jul 2026)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-02-27T07:58:16.565471+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "mass-shooting", "duty-to-warn", "ban-evasion", "chatgpt", "openai", "canada", "bc", "school-shooting", "minor-victims", "prior-warning", "lawsuit", "provincial-action", "criminal" ] }, { "id": "2023-glow-minimax-removal-china", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Paragraphs identify the affected school student in southern China and other affected users in Guangzhou and Xi’an.", "location": "https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CN" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "CN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CN" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/", "notes": "Body read. English reporting, not an original Chinese-language item.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Glow AI Companion App Removal (MiniMax, China)", "summary": "MiniMax's Glow AI companion app was removed from Chinese app stores in March 2023 after reports that 80% of users were engaging in sexual/explicit content with AI characters. Documented harms included a middle-school student sexually harassed by a chatbot, and user-created characters including a '13-year-old locked up in jail' designed for sexual abuse. MiniMax relaunched as Talkie (international) and 星野/Xingye (China).", "incidentDate": "2023-03-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2023-03-15", "aiSystem": "Glow (by MiniMax)", "aiCompany": "MiniMax", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "psychological_manipulation", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Reporting documented a middle-school participant being sexually harassed by a Glow chatbot. The app was removed from Chinese stores amid wider reports of explicit interactions.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one middle-school participant who was sexually harassed. Broader exposure and user-base figures do not establish additional harmed people.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "CN", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "product_shutdown", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/", "primarySourceLabel": "Rest of World", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T10:33:24.275555+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "china", "minimax", "glow", "talkie", "ai-companion", "minor", "sexual-content", "product-shutdown", "content-moderation-failure", "non-western" ] }, { "id": "2025-finland-pirkkala-chatgpt-stabbing", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now supported by inspected source bodies: both GNET Insights and the University of Portsmouth record state that the stabbing occurred at a school in Pirkkala, Finland; the 14 July Insight names it as the Vähäjärvi school, injuring three female pupils. No court proceeding is described in the inspected sources, so no court country is recorded; police and prosecution locations are not courts. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "at Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "FI" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'On 20 May 2025, a stabbing incident occurred at a school in the town of Pirkkala, southern Finland, in which three female pupils, all under the age of 15, were injured.'", "location": "https://gnet-research.org/2025/06/12/prompted-to-harm-analysing-the-pirkkala-school-stabbing-and-its-digital-manifesto/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "FI" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'On 20 May 2025, a 16-year-old boy stabbed three of his female classmates at the Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland.'", "location": "https://gnet-research.org/2025/07/14/ai-at-the-centre-violent-extremist-exploitation-in-pirkkala/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "FI" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "FI" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "FI" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country: none of the inspected sources describes a prosecution, trial or court decision; the perpetrator's age (16) and Finnish juvenile procedure are not addressed in this pass.", "All three cited sources are English-language secondary analyses citing Finnish reporting that this pass did not inspect (the 12 June piece links Yle and Helsingin Sanomat items; the 14 July piece names Iltalehti as the manifesto's recipient and links the English-language Helsinki Times); no Finnish-language original was added.", "Full case_facts review deferred; this pass records source languages and geography only." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-21", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://gnet-research.org/2025/07/14/ai-at-the-centre-violent-extremist-exploitation-in-pirkkala/", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (GNET Insight, 14 July 2025; html lang=en-GB). Analytical piece: attack at the Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala; manifesto emailed to Iltalehti; 'reported use' of ChatGPT in planning. Secondary analysis, not primary reporting.", "access": "read", "language": "en-GB" }, { "url": "https://gnet-research.org/2025/06/12/prompted-to-harm-analysing-the-pirkkala-school-stabbing-and-its-digital-manifesto/", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (GNET Insight, 12 June 2025; html lang=en-GB). Analytical piece: stabbing in Pirkkala, southern Finland, three female pupils under 15 injured; manifesto 'allegedly written with the aid of ChatGPT' sent to a Finnish newspaper.", "access": "read", "language": "en-GB" }, { "url": "https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/publications/prompted-to-harm-analysing-the-pirkkala-school-stabbing-and-its-d/", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (University of Portsmouth research portal; html lang=en, og:locale en_GB). Repository record of the 12 June 2025 GNET Insight with the same abstract; not an independent source.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Finland Pirkkala School Stabbing (ChatGPT Manifesto)", "summary": "A 16-year-old boy used ChatGPT to help write an attack manifesto with a 10-point attack sequence before stabbing three female students under age 15 at Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland. The incident marked a critical inflection point in AI-facilitated violence, demonstrating how accessible AI tools can empower lone actors with violent misogynist ideologies.", "incidentDate": "2025-05-20", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-06-12", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "delusion_reinforcement", "minor_exploitation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 16-year-old participant stabbed three girls at a Finnish school after using ChatGPT to help create a manifesto and ten-step attack sequence. He was arrested and prosecuted.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P3c", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 3, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The criminal case documents one AI participant who was arrested and three students who were stabbed.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "FI", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://gnet-research.org/2025/07/14/ai-at-the-centre-violent-extremist-exploitation-in-pirkkala/", "primarySourceLabel": "GNET Research: AI at the Centre - Violent Extremist Exploitation in Pirkkala", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-22T07:14:58.121301+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "violence", "school-attack", "manifesto", "incel", "misogyny", "minor", "finland", "stabbing", "radicalization" ] }, { "id": "2017-simsimi-ireland-cyberbullying", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Opening paragraphs identify users in the Republic and local schools responding to bullying.", "location": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/simsimi-app-linked-to-bullying-suspends-access-to-irish-users-1.3029753", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "IE" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IE" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IE" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/simsimi-app-linked-to-bullying-suspends-access-to-irish-users-1.3029753", "notes": "Body read. Republic of Ireland is explicit. A PSNI warning does not locate a separate Northern Ireland event.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "SimSimi Ireland Cyberbullying Crisis", "summary": "Groups of Irish schoolchildren trained SimSimi chatbot to respond to classmates' names with abusive and bullying content. Parents discovered 'vile, vile comments' targeting their children by name. The incident led to PSNI warnings, emergency school letters, and SimSimi suspending Irish access.", "incidentDate": "2017-03-27", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2017-03-28", "aiSystem": "SimSimi", "aiCompany": "SimSimi Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "psychological_manipulation", "minor_exploitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "educational_harm", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Irish schoolchildren received abusive chatbot responses targeted to them by name. Parents reported stress to affected children, schools issued emergency warnings, and the service suspended Irish access.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P4a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting identifies one parent describing stress to their child. It refers to additional affected schoolchildren without a distinct-person count.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "IE", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "internal_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/simsimi-app-linked-to-bullying-suspends-access-to-irish-users-1.3029753", "primarySourceLabel": "Irish Times", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:12.606519+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "simsimi", "cyberbullying", "minor", "ireland", "schools", "harassment", "trainable-ai", "historical" ] } ] }