{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T19:29:43.529Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "sanction",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "core",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "",
      "response": "regulatory",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 2,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 2,
      "countries": 2,
      "languages": 2,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 0,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 2,
      "minors": 1,
      "coreRelations": 2,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 0,
      "relationPending": 0,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2026-berlin-weissensee-heinz-brandt-schule-ai-nude-images-classmates",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'An der Heinz-Brandt-Schule in Berlin-Weißensee wird gegen zwei Schüler wegen des Verdachts ermittelt, KI-generierte sexualisierte Nacktbilder von Mitschülerinnen erstellt und verbreitet zu haben.'; 'Die Senatsverwaltung für Bildung bestätigte dem Tagesspiegel die Vorfälle und die laufenden Ermittlungen.'; 'Den Schülern sollen mindestens drei Fälle vorgeworfen werden. Die Schulleitung informierte die Schulgemeinschaft, dass sie am vergangenen Freitag von den Vorfällen erfahren habe.'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Two pupils of the Heinz-Brandt-Schule in Berlin-Weißensee are suspected of having created and distributed AI-generated sexualised nude images of female classmates in at least three cases; the school leadership learned of the incidents on 'the previous Friday' (19 June 2026, read relative to the 24 June 2026 report), informed parents in a letter, and the Senate Department for Education confirmed the incidents and the investigation.",
            "causal_attribution": "The school's letter and the Senate confirmation as reported by the Tagesspiegel; 'vergangenen Freitag' before the 24 June 2026 report is 19 June 2026."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Die beiden mutmaßlich hauptverantwortlichen Schüler seien mit sofortiger Wirkung vom Unterricht suspendiert worden. Zudem habe die Schule Maßnahmen gegen Schülerinnen und Schüler verhängt, die von den Bildern gewusst, die Vorfälle jedoch nicht gemeldet haben sollen.'; 'In dem Schreiben bezeichnet die Schulleitung die mutmaßlichen Taten als „massiven Angriff auf die Persönlichkeitsrechte der betroffenen Schülerinnen“ und als „Form sexualisierter Gewalt“.'; 'Als Reaktion wolle die Schule ihr Präventionskonzept sowie das Konzept zur Sexualerziehung überarbeiten.'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The two pupils alleged to be mainly responsible were suspended from lessons with immediate effect and the school imposed measures on pupils who are said to have known of the images and not reported them; the school called the alleged acts a massive attack on the affected girls' personality rights and a form of sexualised violence and said it would revise its prevention and sex-education concepts.",
            "causal_attribution": "The school's letter as reported."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'„Es liegen Anzeigen wegen der Erstellung sogenannter Deepfakes vor“, sagte ein Sprecher der Berliner Polizei.'; 'Die Ermittlungen dazu habe die Abteilung des Landeskriminalamts übernommen, die für Sexualdelikte zum Nachteil Minderjähriger zuständig sei.'; 'Dabei komme eine Strafbarkeit wegen des Besitzes, der Beschaffung, der Erstellung oder Verbreitung von Jugendpornografie nach Paragraf 184 c des Strafgesetzbuchs in Betracht.'; 'Die Schule habe die Polizei eingeschaltet, die Ermittlungen würden im Auftrag der Staatsanwaltschaft geführt.'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "A Berlin police spokesman said complaints had been filed over the creation of deepfakes, that the State Criminal Police Office unit for sexual offences against minors had taken over the investigation, and that liability for possessing, obtaining, creating or distributing youth pornography under section 184c of the Criminal Code was under consideration; the school's letter says the investigation is conducted on behalf of the public prosecutor.",
            "causal_attribution": "Police spokesman as quoted by the Tagesspiegel; the prosecutor's role is the school letter's statement."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "female pupils depicted in AI-generated sexualised nude images distributed at their school, described by the school as sexualised violence",
            "claim_id": "c1",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schule/polizei-eingeschaltet-jugendliche-sollen-ki-nacktbilder-von-mitschulerinnen-an-berliner-schule-verbreitet-haben-15754057.html",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "de",
            "translation_note": "Read live in German on 2026-09-22 (Der Tagesspiegel, 24 June 2026 14:39, marked 'Update', with dpa). Own reporting: the school leadership's letter to parents, statements from the Senate Department for Education, a Berlin police spokesman and the Pankow district parents' committee. Translated by the reviewer.",
            "independence_group": "tagesspiegel"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "education",
          "privacy",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "How many girls were depicted; 'at least three cases' is a count of alleged acts, not of persons.",
          "The ages of the suspects and of the depicted pupils, and the tool used.",
          "When the images were created and how they were distributed.",
          "Whether charges followed; no development after June 2026 was found on 2026-09-22.",
          "The Berliner Morgenpost's first report was not read.",
          "The date of the school's letter is not given; 19 June 2026 assumes 'am vergangenen Freitag' is relative to the week of the 24 June report."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Heinz-Brandt-Schule, Berlin-Weißensee, Pankow district; Berlin police and public prosecutor (Tagesspiegel). No court proceeding reported.",
          "court_countries": [],
          "event_countries": [
            "DE"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "DE"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an image-based abuse case affecting minors at a school, documented by the school's letter, the Senate education administration and the police through one newspaper's own reporting (single article, several official origins, recorded as reported). Not a death case. Nobody is named.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-22"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "The school's letter and the Senate education administration describe KI-generated sexualised nude images; the police spokesman refers to complaints over the creation of deepfakes. No tool is named and no forensic detail is public. The artifacts depicted the girls; no AI system interacted with them.",
          "status": "reported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "Berlin-Weißensee: two pupils of the Heinz-Brandt-Schule are suspected of creating and distributing AI-generated sexualised nude images of female classmates in at least three cases; the school suspended them and sanctioned pupils who are said to have known and not reported, and the police's sexual-offences unit investigates with liability under section 184c StGB (youth pornography) under consideration",
      "summary": "On 'the previous Friday' (19 June 2026, read relative to the 24 June 2026 report) the leadership of the Heinz-Brandt-Schule in Berlin-Weißensee (Pankow district) learned that two of its pupils were suspected of having created and distributed AI-generated sexualised nude images of female classmates; the school wrote to parents that it was 'shocked and appalled' that classmates' photographs had been abused in this way and described the alleged acts as a massive attack on the personality rights of the affected girls and a form of sexualised violence. The two pupils alleged to be mainly responsible were suspended from lessons with immediate effect, and the school imposed measures on pupils who are said to have known about the images without reporting them. The Senate Department for Education confirmed the incidents and the ongoing investigation in the Tagesspiegel's report of 24 June 2026. The school's letter says the investigation is conducted on behalf of the public prosecutor. A Berlin police spokesman said complaints had been filed over the creation of so-called deepfakes, that the investigation had been taken over by the State Criminal Police Office unit responsible for sexual offences against minors, and that criminal liability for possessing, obtaining, creating or distributing youth pornography under section 184c of the Criminal Code was under consideration; the police gave no further details, citing victim protection. At least three cases are alleged. The school said it would revise its prevention and sex-education concepts and asked parents to talk to their children about handling other people's photographs and AI applications. Nobody is named; the number of girls depicted is not reported.",
      "incidentDate": "2026-06-19",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "day",
      "exposurePattern": "unknown",
      "reportedDate": "2026-06-24",
      "aiSystem": "AI image-generation ('deepfake') tool, not named",
      "severity": "medium",
      "verificationStatus": "credible",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "exploitation_or_abuse"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "Female pupils were depicted in AI-generated sexualised nude images that were distributed at their school, which the school describes as a massive attack on their personality rights and a form of sexualised violence; the creation and distribution are attributed by the school's letter to two suspended pupils, and the police confirm complaints over the creation of deepfakes and an investigation by the LKA unit for sexual offences against minors. No account from the depicted girls has been published.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0,
      "affectedCountStatus": "unquantified",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "The report speaks of 'Mitschülerinnen' (female classmates, plural) and of 'mindestens drei Fälle' (at least three cases) alleged against the pupils, without stating how many girls were depicted; a count of cases is not a count of persons. Unquantified, with zero placeholders.",
      "victimAgeRange": "minor",
      "jurisdiction": "DE-BE",
      "platformType": "other",
      "outcomeType": "investigation_opened",
      "outcomeStatus": "ongoing",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schule/polizei-eingeschaltet-jugendliche-sollen-ki-nacktbilder-von-mitschulerinnen-an-berliner-schule-verbreitet-haben-15754057.html",
      "primarySourceLabel": "Der Tagesspiegel, 24 June 2026: Polizei eingeschaltet: Jugendliche sollen KI-Nacktbilder von Mitschülerinnen an Berliner Schule verbreitet haben",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-22T03:45:58.07027+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfake",
        "ai-generated-imagery",
        "ncii",
        "minor",
        "school",
        "germany",
        "berlin",
        "pankow",
        "184c-stgb",
        "depicted"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2026-aarons-chatgpt-fabricated-testimony-sanction",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1a",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Order passages quoted by Ars: contempt, $5,000 to the Client Protection Fund in 30 days, referral.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Reuters wire: 'on Sept 9' — fine, contempt, referral, and the Sandoval caption.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "ABA Journal, 24 Aug: the $5,000 contempt anticipated from the 21 Aug show-cause hearing (pre-order; advance reporting, context only).",
                "relation": "context",
                "source_id": "s3"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "By written order of 9 September 2026, the New Mexico Supreme Court held Stephen Aarons in direct contempt, fined him $5,000 payable to the State Bar Client Protection Fund within 30 days, and referred him to the disciplinary board.",
            "causal_attribution": "The contempt, fine and referral are quoted by Ars Technica and confirmed by the Reuters wire; the ABA Journal's hearing-day account anticipated but could not confirm the later written order. The order PDF itself was not retrieved in this review."
          },
          {
            "id": "c1b",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Ars: removal, bar pending referral, briefs struck, reassignment (Kim Chavez Cook appointed 2 Sep).",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The order also removed Aarons from the case, barred him from appearing before the court pending the disciplinary-board referral, struck the filed briefs and reassigned the appeal to the public defender (Kim Chavez Cook, appointed 2 September 2026).",
            "causal_attribution": "Single-chain detail from Ars Technica's account of the order; the Reuters wire does not carry these elements."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Ars passages: Rev.com transcript plus record into ChatGPT (o3); the named fabricated witnesses and false attributions; the admission of non-verification.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "ABA Journal: 'admits stupidity over AI errors' at the show-cause hearing.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Reuters headline account: 'ChatGPT invented fake police testimony in murder appeal, New Mexico high court says'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Aarons used ChatGPT (OpenAI o3) on a Rev.com transcript and the case record to draft the brief, which contained fabricated witnesses and testimony — officers 'Michelle Amarillo' and 'Sanchez', Manal Al-Jibury, Teresa Marquez, and false testimony attributed to Danny and Linda Stanton and Mariah Chavez — and misdescribed real precedents; he admitted at the hearing that he had not verified the output.",
            "causal_attribution": "The fabrication and the admission are established by the attorney's own statements at the hearing and the court's findings as reported; no source reports a denial."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Ars: substitution of the public defender (Kim Chavez Cook, appointed 2 Sep); the court's remark about the client.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The client, Oscar Renee Sandoval, suffers a delayed appeal: the briefs were struck, Aarons was removed, and the public defender was substituted (appointed 2 September 2026); the court told Aarons 'your client is the one suffering'.",
            "causal_attribution": "Single-chain detail from Ars Technica's account of the order; the delay's length is not stated."
          },
          {
            "id": "c4",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Reuters wire via Straits Times: Sandoval caption, life sentence February 2025, Doña Ana County.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Ars: brief filed ~Aug 2025; State's motion to strike weeks later.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The underlying case is the murder appeal of Oscar Renee Sandoval, sentenced to life in February 2025 in Doña Ana County for killing his partner Shiereen Al-Jibury; the brief was filed around August 2025 and the State moved to strike weeks later.",
            "causal_attribution": "Background context, attributed to the wire and Ars; the docket number was not confirmed in this review."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "attorney sanctioned for ChatGPT-fabricated testimony; client's appeal delayed",
            "claim_id": "c1a",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/09/chatgpt-using-lawyer-punished-for-citing-fake-testimony-from-made-up-witnesses/",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026, Brodkin). Quotes the 9 September order and the 21 August hearing; names the fabricated witnesses.",
            "independence_group": "ars"
          },
          {
            "id": "s2",
            "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/chatgpt-invented-fake-police-testimony-in-murder-appeal-new-mexico-high-court-says",
            "kind": "wire_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026); Straits Times carrying the Reuters wire.",
            "independence_group": "reuters"
          },
          {
            "id": "s3",
            "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/criminal-defense-attorney-admits-stupidity-over-ai-errors-but-still-receives-sharp-rebuke-from-his-states-high-court",
            "kind": "trade_press",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (24 Aug 2026). Post-hearing report citing the Santa Fe New Mexican; the fine and contempt were anticipated from the hearing, not yet the written order.",
            "independence_group": "aba-journal"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "own_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "work",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "The 9 September 2026 order PDF was not directly inspected (nmcourts.gov search empty; form-based case lookup); the claims about it rest on two chains quoting it.",
          "The underlying docket number is unconfirmed.",
          "The disciplinary-board process and its outcome are pending.",
          "The full set of fabricated or misdescribed citations beyond the named examples is not reported.",
          "The ChatGPT product tier and whether the firm had verification policies are not reported."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Events: Santa Fe, New Mexico practice and the Doña Ana County murder case. Affected persons: the attorney and his client, both in New Mexico. Court: New Mexico Supreme Court.",
          "court_countries": [
            "US"
          ],
          "event_countries": [
            "US"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "US"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an own-use, work-context adverse consequence with a dated, quantified sanction and an admitted, judicially found AI link. This applies the charter's individual-review rule to the AI-sanction class; the retired ordinary_task_failure gate and a class-level ruling are not required. Aarons is a public officer of the court sanctioned by a public order and is named; his client's name appears in the public caption of the appeal. In a 2026-09-15 second pass the original compound first claim was split: the corroborated contempt/fine/referral stand as c1a, and the Ars-only order elements (removal, bar, struck briefs, reassignment) stand as reported c1b. person_relations recorded in the same pass.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "The AI link is admitted and judicially found: Aarons fed a Rev.com transcript and the record into ChatGPT (OpenAI o3), and the court's order addresses the fabricated content in the filed brief; he admitted at the show-cause hearing that he had not verified the output.",
          "status": "supported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "communicated_with"
        ]
      },
      "name": "New Mexico Supreme Court fines attorney Stephen Aarons $5,000 and removes him from a murder appeal over ChatGPT-fabricated testimony",
      "summary": "Santa Fe defense attorney Stephen Aarons used ChatGPT (OpenAI's o3) on a Rev.com transcript and the record to draft briefing in the murder appeal of Oscar Renee Sandoval; the brief contained fabricated witnesses and testimony (including police officers 'Michelle Amarillo' and 'Sanchez' and invented testimony attributed to real people) and misdescribed real precedents. After a 21 August 2026 show-cause hearing at which Aarons admitted he had not verified the output, the New Mexico Supreme Court's written order of 9 September 2026 held him in direct contempt, fined him $5,000 payable to the State Bar Client Protection Fund within 30 days, removed him from the case, barred him from appearing before the court pending a disciplinary-board referral, struck the filed briefs and reassigned the appeal to the public defender.",
      "incidentDate": "2025-08-01",
      "incidentEndDate": "2026-09-09",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "range",
      "exposurePattern": "single_interaction",
      "reportedDate": "2026-08-24",
      "aiSystem": "ChatGPT (OpenAI o3)",
      "aiCompany": "OpenAI",
      "severity": "medium",
      "verificationStatus": "credible",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "professional_harm",
        "legal_harm",
        "financial_loss"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "A dated, quantified professional sanction for the attorney who relied on ChatGPT's output: $5,000 fine, direct-contempt finding, removal from the case, a bar on appearing before the court pending a disciplinary-board referral, and struck briefs; his client's appeal is delayed as a result.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "established",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1,
      "affectedCountStatus": "exact",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "Two documented harmed people. The user: Aarons, sanctioned (court order reported by Ars Technica and Reuters). Another person's use consequence: his client Sandoval, whose appeal is delayed by the struck briefs and the substitution of counsel (Ars quotes the court's 'your client is the one suffering'). No further harmed persons are reported; the victim's family is not counted (no harm to them is reported).",
      "victimAgeRange": "adult",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "platformType": "assistant",
      "outcomeType": "regulatory_action",
      "outcomeStatus": "resolved",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/09/chatgpt-using-lawyer-punished-for-citing-fake-testimony-from-made-up-witnesses/",
      "primarySourceLabel": "Ars Technica (11 Sep 2026) — quotes the 9 Sep order and the 21 Aug show-cause hearing",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T06:16:05.506355+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "work",
        "justice",
        "legal-profession",
        "sanction",
        "fabricated-citations",
        "chatgpt",
        "own-use",
        "new-mexico"
      ]
    }
  ]
}