{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-22T11:14:07.176Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"reputation","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"unknown","evidence":"","year":"","response":"lawsuit","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":1,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":2,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":2,"relationPending":1,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-maastricht-university-ai-fraud-sanction-over-nonexistent-sources-upheld-by-dutch-council-of-state","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Bij beslissing van 11 december 2025 heeft de examencommissie zich op het standpunt gesteld dat'; 'ongeoorloofd gebruik gemaakt van kunstmatige intelligentie (hierna: AI)'; 'houdt in dat er een formele waarschuwing wordt opgenomen in haar studentendossier, dat alle toetsonderdelen van het vak ongeldig worden verklaard'; 'niet mag deelnemen aan de herkansing van het vak'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 11 December 2025 the examination board found that the student had committed fraud in a weekly assignment and had made unauthorised use of AI, and imposed a formal warning in her student file, invalidation of all assessment components of the course and exclusion from the resit.","causal_attribution":"Recorded in the Council of State's ruling."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'de verdenking van fraude ziet op het gebruik van AI in drie van de vier bronnen bij de opdracht'; 'weergegeven bronnen bestaan niet en de manier waarop deze zijn opgenomen in de opdracht duidt op het gebruik van AI'; 'Er is geen technische analyse verricht, er is geen AI-detectietool ingezet'; 'omdat het onderzoek naar de vermeende fraude niet met behulp van technische middelen is verricht'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The examination board based the finding on three of four cited sources that named a different journal or edition, year, incomplete title or page numbers from existing articles; it said the sources did not exist and that the way they were included pointed to the use of AI. The Council of State's ruling records that the investigation was not carried out with technical means; the student argued that no technical analysis or AI-detection tool was used.","causal_attribution":"The board's reasoning and the absence of a detection tool are recorded in the ruling; the AI use itself is the board's inference."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Verder is nooit aan haar gevraagd of zij gebruik heeft gemaakt van AI.'; 'heeft de opdracht afgerond in tijdnood en haar internetverbinding was op dat moment slecht.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student argued that she was never asked whether she had used AI and that she completed the assignment under time pressure with a poor internet connection, relying on memory and notes.","causal_attribution":"The ruling documents that the student made these arguments, not their truth."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'De examencommissie heeft met hoge waarschijnlijkheid aangetoond dat het ingediende werk door kunstmatige intelligentie is gegenereerd.'; 'Bij beslissing van 5 maart 2026 heeft het CBE het door'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 5 March 2026 the university's examination appeals board rejected her appeal, holding that the examination board had shown with high probability that the work was AI-generated.","causal_attribution":"Recorded in the ruling."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Datum uitspraak: 12 augustus 2026'; 'verklaart het beroep ongegrond;'; 'wijst het verzoek om schadevergoeding af.'; 'Door de beschuldiging en de aantekening leidt zij reputatieschade en psychische schade.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 12 August 2026 the Council of State dismissed her appeal and her claim for damages, in which she said the accusation and the note in her file caused her reputational and psychological harm.","causal_attribution":"The dismissal is documented; the reputational and psychological harm is the student's claim as recorded in the ruling."}],"effects":[{"label":"formal fraud warning, invalidation of all course assessments and exclusion from the resit","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"appeal and damages claim dismissed by the Council of State","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://data.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraken/content?id=ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:4720","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in full in Dutch and translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"raad-van-state-ecli-nl-rvs-2026-4720"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["education","justice"],"unknowns":["Whether the student used an AI tool, and which one.","When the assignment was submitted; the ruling dates only the examination board's decision."],"geography":{"basis":"The assignment, sanction and appeals concern Maastricht University and the Council of State in the Netherlands, as the ruling states. The student's own country is not stated; the use of an interpreter at the hearing does not establish it.","court_countries":["NL"],"event_countries":["NL"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an institution's consequential response to suspected AI use: Maastricht University sanctioned a student for fraud after attributing non-existent sources to AI without a detection tool, and the Dutch Council of State upheld the sanction and rejected her damages claim. The facts rest on the published ruling.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-16"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the university's sanction for suspected AI use: its examination board concluded from non-existent and garbled citations in three of four sources that the student had made unauthorised use of AI and imposed a formal warning, invalidated the course's assessments and excluded her from the resit, and the Council of State upheld that decision on 12 August 2026. No detection tool or technical analysis was used and the student offered a different explanation, so AI use is recorded as suspected and the relation as unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Dutch Council of State upholds Maastricht University fraud sanction on a law student whose assignment cited non-existent sources the university attributed to AI","summary":"On 11 December 2025 an examination board at Maastricht University found that a European Law School student had committed fraud in a weekly assignment whose purpose was to find and correctly cite legal sources. The board said three of the four sources contained wrong journals, years, titles and page numbers, that the sources did not exist, and that the way they were included pointed to the use of AI; it concluded the student had made unauthorised use of AI. The sanction was a formal warning in the student's file, invalidation of all assessment components of the course and exclusion from the resit. The student argued that no technical analysis or AI-detection tool had been used, that she was never asked whether she had used AI, and that the errors came from completing the work in a hurry from memory and notes with a poor internet connection. The university's examination appeals board rejected her appeal on 5 March 2026, and on 12 August 2026 the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State dismissed her further appeal and her claim for damages for reputational and psychological harm.","incidentDate":"2025-12-11","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-12","aiSystem":"No AI tool is named. The examination board inferred from non-existent and garbled source citations that the assignment had been generated with AI; no detection tool or technical analysis was used","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI writing tool (suspected)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The student received a formal fraud warning in her file, had all assessment components of the course invalidated and was excluded from the resit after the university attributed non-existent sources to AI; the Council of State upheld the sanction and rejected her claim of reputational and psychological harm (ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:4720).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One sanctioned student (ruling). She is counted under other people harmed because her use of AI is the university's inference and is not established.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_dismissed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://data.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraken/content?id=ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:4720","primarySourceLabel":"Council of State (Netherlands), ruling ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:4720, case 202601147/1/A2, 12 August 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-16T03:11:28.361182+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-16T03:11:28.361182+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-use-accusation","academic-integrity","education","fabricated-sources","sanction-upheld","ai-involvement-suspected"]},{"id":"2026-doe-v-openai-stalking","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked on 2026-10-10 against the two cited bodies (TechCrunch, read live in English; Bloomberg Law, whose live page exposes only the opening paragraphs before a login wall) and two newly inspected English bodies, The San Francisco Standard of 13 Apr 2026 and the Times of India relay of 11 Apr 2026. TechCrunch states the suit was 'filed in California Superior Court in San Francisco County' and the SF Standard reports 'a Monday hearing in San Francisco Superior Court' before Judge Harold Kahn, which place the court in the United States. The SF Standard describes the plaintiff as 'A San Francisco woman', which is her reported location and supports affected_person_countries US; TechCrunch's '53-year-old Silicon Valley entrepreneur' describes the ChatGPT user. No body states where the stalking, the distribution of the generated reports to her family, friends and employer, or the January 2026 arrest took place: the SF Standard says the man was released 'from custody in another jurisdiction' without naming it, and her November notice being copied to the San Francisco Police Department is a police force's location, not an event location. Residence and police location do not locate an event, so event_countries remains a reviewed unknown. The provider's headquarters, the court's seat and the outlets' locations were not used.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"California","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"filed in California Superior Court by Edelson PC","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"according to a new lawsuit filed in California Superior Court in San Francisco County","location":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/10/stalking-victim-sues-openai-claims-chatgpt-fueled-her-abusers-delusions-and-ignored-her-warnings/","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"A San Francisco woman is asking a judge to order OpenAI","location":"https://sfstandard.com/2026/04/13/woman-fears-life-s-asking-judge-cut-ex-s-chatgpt/","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"In a Monday hearing in San Francisco Superior Court, Judge Harold Kahn ordered OpenAI","location":"https://sfstandard.com/2026/04/13/woman-fears-life-s-asking-judge-cut-ex-s-chatgpt/","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting is unknown after review. No inspected body states where the stalking, the distribution of the ChatGPT-generated reports or the January 2026 arrest occurred; 'San Francisco woman' and 'Silicon Valley entrepreneur' describe the people, the man was released 'from custody in another jurisdiction' that no body names, and copying SFPD on the November notice is a police force's location, not an event location.","The complaint (San Francisco County Superior Court No. CGC26635725) was not obtained: edelson.com returned HTTP 403 live with no Internet Archive capture, and state-court filings are not on CourtListener. The geography rests on the outlets' statements about the filing and hearing.","Bloomberg Law was read only to its login wall (first three paragraphs, the third truncated).","Lead for a later full review: the SF Standard reports a 13 Apr 2026 hearing continuing the account suspension to a May hearing and OpenAI's written declaration that the account had not been accessed in over three months; the retained row's outcome_details stop at the filing."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-10","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/10/stalking-victim-sues-openai-claims-chatgpt-fueled-her-abusers-delusions-and-ignored-her-warnings/","notes":"Cited primary source. Fetched live on 2026-10-10 (HTTP 200, html lang en-US, English, about 10,000 characters). States the suit was 'filed in California Superior Court in San Francisco County', describes the user as 'a 53-year-old Silicon Valley entrepreneur', the plaintiff as 'Jane Doe', the temporary-restraining-order application, the November Notice of Abuse, the January arrest and the incompetency finding. Names no place for the stalking, the report distribution or the arrest.","access":"read","language":"en-US"},{"url":"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/openai-accused-of-encouraging-stalkers-delusion-through-chatgpt","notes":"Fetched live on 2026-10-10 (HTTP 200, html lang en, English). Only the headline, dateline (April 10, 2026) and first three paragraphs (the third cut mid-sentence) are exposed before a 'Log in to keep reading' wall (about 1,400 characters). The visible text states the complaint was 'filed Thursday in California Superior Court' and describes the GPT-4o-generated clinical-style reports; it names no event location. The remainder of the article was not read.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://sfstandard.com/2026/04/13/woman-fears-life-s-asking-judge-cut-ex-s-chatgpt/","notes":"Newly inspected on 2026-10-10 (HTTP 200, html lang en, English, about 12,800 characters). The Standard reviewed the court filings and spoke to the plaintiff's lawyers. Describes the plaintiff as 'A San Francisco woman', the Monday (13 Apr 2026) hearing before Judge Harold Kahn in San Francisco Superior Court continuing the account suspension until a May hearing, OpenAI's declaration that the account had not been accessed in over three months, the November notice copied to SFPD and the FBI, and the ex-partner's release 'from custody in another jurisdiction' (not named). Not a cited source of the row; a lead for a later full review (post-filing hearing and OpenAI's response).","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/silicon-valley-entrepreneur-accused-of-using-chatgpt-to-harass-and-stalk-ex-girlfriend-openai-sued/articleshow/130186639.cms","notes":"Newly inspected on 2026-10-10 (HTTP 200, html lang en, English). A relay of the complaint reporting ('according to a lawsuit filed in California'; '53-year-old Silicon Valley entrepreneur') with no reporting of its own and no event location; not independent of the TechCrunch account.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Jane Doe lawsuit alleges ChatGPT reinforced her abuser’s delusions and stalking","summary":"A woman’s lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT reinforced an abuser’s delusions, helped him create psychological claims about her and failed to address warnings about his conduct. The complaint describes stalking, threats and resulting harm. Those assertions remain the plaintiff’s allegations.","incidentDate":"2025-07-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-04-09","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["third_party_harm_facilitation","delusion_reinforcement","psychological_manipulation","crisis_response"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm","exploitation_or_abuse","harm_to_others","legal_harm","loss_of_liberty","psychiatric_deterioration"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A participant distributed AI-generated diagnostic claims about his former partner, was later arrested for alleged bomb threats and assault, and was found incompetent to stand trial. The former partner sued over the resulting stalking and abuse.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P1d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5b","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"both","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint and criminal record document one AI participant's psychiatric and legal harms and one former partner's stalking, reputational, and psychological harms.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/10/stalking-victim-sues-openai-claims-chatgpt-fueled-her-abusers-delusions-and-ignored-her-warnings/","primarySourceLabel":"TechCrunch — Stalking victim sues OpenAI","firstPublishedAt":"2026-04-28T13:00:08.422853+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T03:26:40.997203+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","openai","stalking","harassment","bomb-threats","third-party-harm","delusion","us","california","edelson"]}]}