{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T13:19:35.951Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "prosecution", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 5, "coverage": { "cases": 5, "countries": 4, "languages": 4, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 1, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 1, "coreRelations": 2, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 3, "relationPending": 2, "relationUnknown": 1 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-netherlands-mrdeepfakes-74-year-old-prosecuted-deepfake-sex-videos-public-figures", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Managers en woordvoerders van verschillende slachtoffers bevestigen aan de NOS dat zij aangifte hebben gedaan of dat zij juridische stappen overwegen'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'BBB-leider Caroline van der Plas, die bij Humberto zei dat de video voelt als \"digitale verkrachting\"'; '\"Ik doe geen aangifte voor mezelf, maar om nieuwe, jonge slachtoffers te voorkomen.\"'; 'Erachter komen dat ik in een deepfake pornovideo zit, was misselijkmakend.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'De zaak kwam in maart 2024 aan het licht. Vrouwelijke politici, olympische sporters, presentatrices en leden van het Koninklijk Huis doken op in gemanipuleerde pornovideo's'; 'Tientallen vrouwen deden aangifte.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "In March 2024 a large number of Dutch women in public life, including presenters and politicians, were found to appear in manipulated pornographic videos on an online platform; dozens filed complaints and several described the harm publicly.", "causal_attribution": "AD's 2024 investigation as reported by NOS, with victims' public statements." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Op zijn computer en andere gegevensdragers werden beelden aangetroffen van ongeveer zestig bekende Nederlanders en politici'; 'Naar aanleiding daarvan deden meer dan twintig mensen aangifte. De Noord-Hollander zou volgens het AD de meest actieve Nederlandse gebruiker van het platform zijn geweest'; 'Sommige video's werden tienduizenden keren bekeken'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'De man kwam in beeld door onderzoek naar het beruchte platform MrDeepFakes. Dat leidde tot meer dan twintig aangiftes'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "Images of about sixty well-known Dutch people and politicians were found on the suspect's computer and data carriers; AD's investigation into MrDeepFakes led to more than twenty complaints; according to AD he had been the platform's most active Dutch user, and some videos were viewed tens of thousands of times.", "causal_attribution": "AD's reporting of the OM's findings, relayed by NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland; one chain." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Het Openbaar Ministerie gaat een 74-jarige man uit Noord-Holland vervolgen voor het maken van deepfakeporno van tientallen bekende Nederlandse vrouwen. Dat bevestigt een woordvoerder van het OM'; 'Na ruim een jaar onderzoek heeft justitie besloten hem voor de rechter te brengen'; 'De man riskeert een celstraf van maximaal twee jaar'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Het Openbaar Ministerie (OM) heeft na ruim een jaar onderzoek besloten de man voor de rechter te brengen'; 'De 74-jarige man kan daarvoor maximaal twee jaar gevangenisstraf krijgen'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "After more than a year of investigation the OM decided to prosecute a 74-year-old man from Noord-Holland for making deepfake porn of dozens of well-known Dutch women; the maximum sentence is two years' imprisonment.", "causal_attribution": "OM spokesperson to NOS (after AD's report) and to AD (relayed by NH Nieuws); two chains for the decision itself." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Zij zegt tegen het AD opgelucht te zijn dat de zaak voor de rechter komt. Volgens haar heeft zij zelf ervaren welke impact dergelijke nepbeelden kunnen hebben.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "One of the presenters reported to be among the depicted said she was relieved the case would come to court, having experienced the impact of such fake images herself.", "causal_attribution": "Her statement to AD as relayed by NH Nieuws." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Meerdere vrouwelijke bekende Nederlanders overwegen juridische stappen omdat zij zijn opgedoken in gemanipuleerde pornovideo's. Deze video's staan op een online platform met maandelijks 13 miljoen bezoekers, schrijft het AD'; 'Nederlandse artiesten, tv-presentatrices, olympische sporters, (oud-)ministers, burgemeesters en leden van het Koninklijk Huis voorkomen'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'De video's stonden op een online platform met maandelijks 13 miljoen bezoekers'", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "AD reported that the platform had 13 million monthly visitors and that the depicted people included Dutch artists, television presenters, Olympic athletes, current and former ministers, mayors and members of the royal family.", "causal_attribution": "AD's 2024 investigation, relayed by NOS; one chain." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Hij is op de hoogte van het besluit, zegt het OM tegen de krant'; 'De website waar de video's op stonden, werd opgericht en gerund door een Canadees uit Toronto. Hij verwijderde eerder al beelden op verzoek van het OM en blokkeerde de website voor Nederlandse IP-adressen'; 'De Canadees wordt niet vervolgd. Wat hij deed, was in Canada niet strafbaar. En het Nederlandse Openbaar Ministerie gaat niet proberen om hem naar Nederland te halen. Dat zou te veel politiecapaciteit vergen, laat het OM weten aan het AD.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'De verdachte zit niet vast. Het is nog niet bekend wanneer de zaak inhoudelijk voor de rechter komt'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The suspect has been informed of the decision and is not in custody; no hearing date is known. The platform's founder-operator, a Canadian from Toronto who had removed images at the OM's request and blocked Dutch IP addresses before the site went offline, will not be prosecuted because his conduct was not punishable in Canada and the OM will not try to bring him to the Netherlands.", "causal_attribution": "OM statements to AD, relayed by NOS and NH Nieuws; one chain." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "dozens of women in Dutch public life depicted without consent in pornographic deepfake videos on a platform AD said had 13 million monthly visitors; complaints filed; public statements of harm", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "a 74-year-old man to be prosecuted after more than a year of investigation, facing up to two years' imprisonment", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://nos.nl/artikel/2631746-om-gaat-74-jarige-man-vervolgen-voor-maken-deepfakeporno-van-bn-ers", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (HTTP 200; published 2026-09-20 12:26). An OM spokesperson confirmed the prosecution decision to NOS after AD's reporting; NOS adds its own 2024 reporting and the OM's position on the platform operator. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "nos-2026" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/363601/om-vervolgt-74-jarige-man-uit-noord-holland-voor-deepfake-seksvideos", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (NH Nieuws, published 2026-09-20 15:35 CEST (13:35 UTC)). Relays AD's report (which spoke to an OM spokesperson): devices, 'about sixty' people, more than twenty complaints, most active Dutch user, a presenter's reaction. AD itself answered 403. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "ad" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.hartvannederland.nl/tech/nieuws/artikelen/man-rechter-deepfake-seksvideos-bners", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (Hart van Nederland, published 2026-09-20 11:43). Relays AD; grouped with s2. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "ad" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://nos.nl/artikel/2513371-vrouwelijke-bn-ers-overwegen-aangifte-vanwege-deepfake-pornovideo-s", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (NOS, 19 March 2024). NOS's own 2024 report on the AD revelations, with confirmations from victims' managers and the minister's reaction. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "nos-2024" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://nos.nl/artikel/2513552-wel-of-niet-zeggen-dat-je-in-een-neppornovideo-zit-bn-ers-worstelen-ermee", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (NOS, 20 March 2024). Own reporting with victims' public statements and a quote given to NOS. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "nos-2024" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/gepensioneerde-man-74-wordt-vervolgd-voor-maken-deepfake-seksvideos-van-zestig-bners~aa272972/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "Original AD report of 19 September 2026; the live page answered HTTP 403 (DPG paywall) and the Internet Archive CDX service was offline on 2026-09-21. Its contents are known only through s2, s3 and s1. The 19 September date rests on Google News feed metadata, not on the body.", "independence_group": "ad" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "privacy", "justice", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "When the videos were made and over what period; the tools used.", "The exact number of depicted people and of complainants ('about sixty'; 'more than twenty').", "The charges' legal basis and whether distribution as well as creation is charged; no hearing date.", "The suspect's identity beyond age and province is not reported and is not sought here.", "The AD original could not be read; its details are known through relays.", "The range start (19 March 2024) is the date the videos' existence was publicly revealed and complaints began; the videos were made and posted at unreported earlier dates. The range end (19 September 2026) is the date the prosecution decision was reported; the OM's decision date is not stated." ], "geography": { "basis": "The suspect is from Noord-Holland and the videos were made at his home (NH Nieuws citing AD); the depicted people are Dutch public figures; the platform was operated from Toronto (NOS). The prosecution decision is by the Dutch OM; no hearing has been scheduled, so no court country is recorded.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "NL" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "NL" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an image-based abuse case affecting identifiable people, with harm described publicly by several of the depicted women and a prosecution decision confirmed by the Public Prosecution Service to NOS. Five Dutch bodies read (two NOS chains and the AD relay chain); the AD original is unavailable. Depicted people who spoke publicly are quoted in locators but not named in the record; the suspect is not named.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-21" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "NOS, NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland describe the videos as deepfakes in which the faces of known women were placed on pornographic footage, and the OM's prosecution, as confirmed to NOS, is for making deepfake porn (Hart van Nederland says he is suspected of making and distributing the videos); the specific tools are not identified in any inspected source.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Netherlands: the Public Prosecution Service will prosecute a 74-year-old man from Noord-Holland for making deepfake sex videos of dozens of Dutch public figures, including presenters, politicians and a member of the royal family (images of about sixty people were found on his devices), after the 2024 revelations about the MrDeepFakes platform", "summary": "In March 2024 the newspaper AD revealed that a large number of Dutch women in public life, including artists, television presenters, Olympic athletes, current and former ministers, mayors and members of the royal family, appeared in manipulated pornographic videos on an online platform with 13 million monthly visitors, later identified as MrDeepFakes. Dozens of women filed police complaints and several spoke publicly: one presenter said she was preparing a complaint, a party leader said the video felt like 'digital rape', another presenter said she would file a complaint 'because tomorrow it could happen to young girls of sixteen', a presenter-entrepreneur did so 'to prevent new, young victims', and a member of parliament, told of a video by the House security service, went public rather than 'keep it small'. On 19 and 20 September 2026 AD, and the Public Prosecution Service (OM) confirming to NOS, reported that after more than a year of investigation the OM will prosecute a 74-year-old man from Noord-Holland, who is not in custody, for making the videos (Hart van Nederland, citing AD, says he is suspected of making and distributing them); images of about sixty well-known Dutch people and politicians were found on his devices, AD reported that he had been the platform's most active Dutch user, and he faces up to two years' imprisonment. The platform's Canadian operator, who removed material at the OM's request and blocked Dutch IP addresses before the site went offline, will not be prosecuted. One of the presenters reported to be among the depicted told AD she was relieved the case would go to court, having experienced the impact of such images herself. No hearing date has been set.", "incidentDate": "2024-03-19", "incidentEndDate": "2026-09-19", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2024-03-19", "aiSystem": "Face-swap deepfake video tools (not identified); videos published on the MrDeepFakes platform", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Dozens of women in Dutch public life (images of about sixty people were found on the suspect's devices) were depicted without consent in pornographic deepfake videos, some viewed tens of thousands of times; those who spoke publicly described the experience as sickening and as 'digital rape', and one was advised by parliamentary security to stay silent (NOS 2024; NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland citing AD, 2026). The 2026 prosecution decision is the consequence for the alleged maker.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 20, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland, citing AD, report that the MrDeepFakes investigation led to more than twenty complaints ('meer dan twintig aangiften'), a documented lower bound of 20 depicted complainants; images of about sixty well-known people were found on the suspect's devices, but 'ongeveer zestig' is approximate and not all are confirmed as depicted victims. Documented minimum 20.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "NL", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://nos.nl/artikel/2631746-om-gaat-74-jarige-man-vervolgen-voor-maken-deepfakeporno-van-bn-ers", "primarySourceLabel": "NOS, 20 September 2026: OM gaat 74-jarige man vervolgen voor maken deepfakeporno van BN'ers (OM spokesperson confirms after AD's report)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-21T04:11:25.939553+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ncii", "sexual-deepfake", "mrdeepfakes", "public-figures", "politicians", "royal-family", "prosecution", "netherlands", "noord-holland", "depicted" ] }, { "id": "2026-ca-mau-ai-fake-bank-disbursement-messages-loan-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'dùng công nghệ trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) để làm giả các tin nhắn thông báo giải ngân từ ngân hàng rồi gửi cho nạn nhân xem'; 'hứa sau khi rút được tiền vay sẽ hoàn trả toàn bộ và cho bà L. mượn thêm một khoản tiền'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'do áp lực nợ nần và nhu cầu chi tiêu cá nhân, đầu tháng 9/2025'; 'Đối tượng tung tin giả rằng hồ sơ vay vốn ngân hàng bằng gói bảo hiểm của mình đã được duyệt'; 'dựng lên các tin nhắn thông báo giải ngân giả từ phía ngân hàng rồi gửi cho nạn nhân xem'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'dùng AI làm giả tin nhắn của ngân hàng thể hiện khoản vay đã được giải ngân rồi cho nạn nhân xem'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "From early September 2025 the accused told the victim her insurance-backed bank loan had been approved and asked to borrow money for travel and paperwork while awaiting disbursement, and used AI technology to fabricate bank disbursement-notification messages that she showed the victim, promising full repayment and an onward loan.", "causal_attribution": "Cà Mau police account (one chain)." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'từ tháng 9 đến tháng 11-2025'; 'tổng số tiền hơn 444 triệu đồng'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Từ ngày 9/9 đến 4/11/2025, người phụ nữ đã đưa và chuyển cho'; 'hơn 440 triệu đồng'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'từ ngày 9/9/2025 đến ngày 4/11/2025, bà L. đã liên tục giao tiền mặt lẫn chuyển khoản'; 'tổng số tiền lên tới hơn 444 triệu đồng'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Trusting the messages, the victim handed over cash and made transfers many times between 9 September and 4 November 2025, totalling more than 444 million đồng.", "causal_attribution": "Police figures; the loss is attributed to the accused's deception." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Đến ngày 4-11-2025, nghi ngờ có dấu hiệu bất thường, bà L. trực tiếp đến ngân hàng kiểm tra thì mới phát hiện'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'khi bà L. trực tiếp tới chi nhánh ngân hàng để xác minh và phát hiện'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "On 4 November 2025 the victim went to the bank branch, found that no loan file existed and that the earlier information was false, and reported the matter to police.", "causal_attribution": "Police account." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Ngày 19-9, Cơ quan cảnh sát điều tra Công an tỉnh Cà Mau cho biết đã khởi tố bị can, bắt tạm giam và khám xét nơi ở của'; 'để điều tra về hành vi \"lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản\"'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Ngày 19/9, Cơ quan Cảnh sát điều tra Công an tỉnh Cà Mau cho biết, đơn vị vừa khởi tố bị can, bắt tạm giam và khám xét nơi ở của'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'để điều tra hành vi Lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "On 19 September 2026 the Cà Mau provincial police investigation agency announced that it had prosecuted, detained and searched the residence of the 25-year-old accused from Phú Tân commune for fraud (lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản).", "causal_attribution": "Police announcement." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "more than 444 million đồng handed over as 'loans' after AI-fabricated bank disbursement messages were shown to the victim", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://tuoitre.vn/co-gai-dung-ai-gia-tin-nhan-ngan-hang-lua-hon-444-trieu-dong-cua-nguoi-quen-100260919161334249.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read live in Vietnamese on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200). Police account; photo credited to the police (CACC). Quotations translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "cong-an-ca-mau-2026-09-19" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://vnexpress.net/dung-ai-tao-tin-nhan-gia-cua-ngan-hang-lua-hon-400-trieu-dong-5122249.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read live in Vietnamese on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200). Same police account; photo credited to Công an Cà Mau.", "independence_group": "cong-an-ca-mau-2026-09-19" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://phunuvietnam.vn/bat-nu-doi-tuong-dung-ai-lua-dao-hon-440-trieu-dong-238260919170230385.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read live in Vietnamese on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200). Same police account; arrest-reading photo credited CACC.", "independence_group": "cong-an-ca-mau-2026-09-19" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://docnhanh.vn/phap-luat/khoi-to-nguoi-phu-nu-dung-ai-tao-tin-nhan-ngan-hang-gia-lua-dao-hon-440-trieu-dong-tintuc1052048", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read live in Vietnamese on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200). Same police account with the fullest narrative of the pretext (insurance-package loan, travel and paperwork costs). The page is credited 'TN (SHTT)' and links its source at sohuutritue.net.vn, so it is a republication within the same police chain.", "independence_group": "cong-an-ca-mau-2026-09-19" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "The AI tool used to fabricate the messages is not identified and no message is reproduced.", "Whether any of the money was recovered is not reported.", "The victim's relationship to the accused beyond 'acquaintance in the same locality' is not stated.", "No court date is reported." ], "geography": { "basis": "Accused and victim both in Phú Tân commune, Cà Mau province; prosecution by the Cà Mau provincial police investigation agency (all inspected reports). No court hearing yet.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "VN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "VN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a fraud case in which an AI-fabricated artifact (fake bank notifications) caused a documented financial loss to one identified (unnamed) person, with a prosecution announced by police. Four Vietnamese reports read, all carrying one police account; claims recorded as reported. The victim appears only by initials; the accused, named by police, is not named here because the case is untried.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Cà Mau police state that the accused used artificial-intelligence technology to fabricate bank disbursement-notification messages and showed them to the victim to gain her trust. The AI artifact imitated a bank's notifications rather than communicating with, acting for, deciding about, describing or depicting the victim, so none of the enumerated person relations applies and the relation is recorded as unknown. The tool is not identified; all four inspected reports carry the police account.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "unknown" ] }, "name": "Cà Mau, Vietnam: a 25-year-old woman was prosecuted for using AI-made fake bank 'disbursement' messages to persuade an acquaintance to hand over more than 444 million đồng in 'loans' between September and November 2025", "summary": "On 19 September 2026 the investigation police of Cà Mau province announced that they had prosecuted, detained and searched the home of a 25-year-old woman from Phú Tân commune for fraud. According to the police account carried by Tuổi Trẻ, VnExpress, Phụ Nữ Việt Nam and Đọc Nhanh, from early September 2025, under debt pressure, she told a woman in the same locality that her bank loan, applied for through an insurance package, had been approved and asked to borrow money for travel and paperwork costs while awaiting disbursement. To build trust she used artificial-intelligence technology to fabricate bank disbursement-notification messages and showed them to the victim, promising to repay in full and to lend her money in turn. Trusting these, the victim handed over cash and made transfers many times between 9 September and 4 November 2025, totalling more than 444 million đồng. On 4 November 2025 she went to the bank branch herself and found there was no loan; she reported the matter to police. The accused is not named in this record.", "incidentDate": "2025-09-09", "incidentEndDate": "2025-11-04", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-19", "aiSystem": "Unspecified AI tool used to fabricate bank notification messages", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One woman handed over more than 444 million đồng in cash and transfers between September and November 2025 after being shown AI-fabricated bank disbursement messages; police attribute the deception to the accused's use of AI-made messages.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One victim ('bà L.') named by initials in the police account. Exact 1. The accused used the AI tool, so the victim is counted as another person harmed.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "VN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://tuoitre.vn/co-gai-dung-ai-gia-tin-nhan-ngan-hang-lua-hon-444-trieu-dong-cua-nguoi-quen-100260919161334249.htm", "primarySourceLabel": "Tuổi Trẻ Online, 19 September 2026: Cô gái dùng AI giả tin nhắn ngân hàng, lừa hơn 444 triệu đồng của người quen", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:28:16.78778+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "ai-generated-documents", "bank-fraud", "fake-messages", "vietnam", "ca-mau", "financial-loss", "prosecution" ] }, { "id": "2024-incheon-teacher-deepfake-student-sentence", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'인천지법 형사1단독(부장판사 이창경)은 16일 선고공판에서... A(10대)군에게 장기 2년, 단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고했다'; '40시간의 성폭력 치료 프로그램 이수와 아동·청소년 관련 기관 취업제한 5년'; '도주 우려 등을 이유로 A군을 법정구속했다'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'장기 2년∼단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고하고 법정 구속했다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'장기 2년, 단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고하고 법정 구속했다. 소년법상 만 19세 미만 미성년자에게는... 부정기형이 내려진다.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "On 16 September 2026 the Incheon District Court (Criminal Division 1, Judge 이창경) sentenced the teenage defendant to an indeterminate term of 2 years maximum / 1 year 6 months minimum for violating the Sexual Violence Punishment Act (editing and distributing false sexual images), ordered 40 hours of treatment and a five-year child-institution employment ban, and detained him in court.", "causal_attribution": "Sentence reported identically by three outlets from the sentencing hearing." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'2024년 8월 인공지능을 이용해 교사 5명의 얼굴을 나체사진에 합성한 뒤 사회관계망서비스(SNS)에 유포한 혐의'; '모두 11명의 허위영상물을 35차례 제작'; ''지인 능욕'을 테마로 한 텔레그램 대화방'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'2024년 8월 인공지능(AI) 기술을 이용해 교사와 학생들의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 혐의'; '교사 5명과 함께 태권도 학원에 다닌 여중생 등 총 11명을 대상으로 35차례에 걸쳐 합성물을 제작, 텔레그램 '지인 능욕' 대화방 등에 유포'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'2024년 인천의 한 중학교에 재학하던 중 딥페이크 기술을 이용해 교사 등 20여명의 얼굴을 나체 사진과 영상에 합성한 뒤 SNS에 유포한 혐의' (the prosecution's figure of about twenty).", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "In 2024, while a middle-school student in Incheon, he used AI deepfake technology to composite the faces of five teachers and six female middle- and high-school students from his taekwondo academy onto nude photographs and videos, 35 productions of 11 people in all, and distributed them in Telegram 'acquaintance humiliation' chat rooms.", "causal_attribution": "Court findings as reported; the 11-in-35 count is Hankyoreh's and Munhwa's, and Newsis's 'about twenty' is the prosecution's charge description." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'자신의 담임교사에게 \"연락처와 사진이 지워졌다\"고 속여 사진을 받아내는 등 치밀하게 범행을 준비한 것으로 조사됐다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "He obtained his homeroom teacher's photographs by telling her that his contacts and photos had been deleted.", "causal_attribution": "Investigation finding reported by Munhwa Ilbo only." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Judge: '반포한 교사 5명의 합성 사진과 영상물에는 피해자의 얼굴이 그대로 드러나 있고 실명, 나이, 학교, 교과목도 명시돼 있다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Judge: '피해 교사들의 얼굴뿐 아니라 실명, 학교, 휴대전화 번호까지 명시해 반포했다'; '피해자들이 장기간 심리치료를 받는 등 상당한 트라우마를 겪고 있는 점'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Judge: '피해교사들은 말할 수 없는 충격을 받고 트라우마를 겪고 있으며 A군의 엄벌 탄원하고 있다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The distributed images showed the teachers' faces together with their real names, ages, schools, subjects and phone numbers, and the court found the teachers are suffering considerable trauma and receiving long-term psychological treatment.", "causal_attribution": "The judge's sentencing remarks as reported by three outlets; phone numbers appear only in Munhwa's account." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'A군은 지역교권보호위원회가 열리기 일주일 전 자퇴해 학교 차원의 별다른 징계 처분은 받지 않았다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'피해 교사들은 올해 1월에야 피해 사실을 인지했으나, A 군은 교권보호위원회가 열리기 전 자퇴해 학교 측의 징계를 피했다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'ㄱ군은 교권보호위원회가 열리기 전 자퇴해 징계 처분을 받지 않았다'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "He withdrew from school a week before the regional teachers'-rights protection committee met and received no school discipline; the teachers learned of the images only in January 2026.", "causal_attribution": "The withdrawal is reported by all three; the January 2026 discovery by Munhwa only." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'검찰이 구형한 부정기형 장기 3년6개월∼단기 2년은... 그러나 이날 선고는 검찰 구형에도 미치지 못했다'; the superintendent's pledge.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'인천교사노동조합은 입장문을 내고... 이번 선고에 깊은 유감을 표한다'; the superintendent: '법적·심리 치료 지원과 함께... 예방교육도 강화하겠다'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The Incheon Teachers' Union expressed regret that the sentence fell below the prosecution's request of 3 years 6 months to 2 years; the superintendent of education attended and pledged legal and psychological support and prevention education.", "causal_attribution": "Statements reported by two outlets." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "teachers and students depicted in AI-composited sexual images distributed with their names, schools and phone numbers; long-term trauma treatment", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260916_0003791674", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ko", "translation_note": "Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T10:51+09:00; Incheon bureau reporter 이루비; '종합' consolidated report). Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "newsis" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1278039.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ko", "translation_note": "Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T11:00+09:00). Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "hani" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.munhwa.com/article/11617393", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ko", "translation_note": "Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T10:51+09:00). Model reading; no human bilingual review.", "independence_group": "munhwa" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The AI tool used is not named; the written judgment was not inspected.", "The number of people depicted differs between the prosecution's charge description (about twenty, per Newsis) and the court reporting (eleven); eleven is used as the documented minimum.", "When the distribution began and ended within 2024 and whether the additional indicted conduct extended later are not stated; the record uses August 2024 with month precision and no end date.", "Whether either side appeals, and the outcome of any separate proceedings against the Telegram room operators, are not reported.", "Earlier coverage of the arrest or indictment was not inspected; the reported_date is the sentencing coverage.", "Korean bodies were read by the model without human bilingual review." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: an Incheon middle school and a taekwondo academy in Incheon (Newsis: '인천의 한 중학교'); victims are Incheon teachers and students; court: Incheon District Court.", "court_countries": [ "KR" ], "event_countries": [ "KR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KR" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a criminal judgment: a court found that AI deepfake images of five teachers and six students were made and distributed with identifying details, and described the victims' ongoing trauma. Three separately bylined Korean outlets were read. The defendant is a minor and unnamed in the sources and here; no victim is named; the superintendent, union chair and judge are public officials.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-16" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Three outlets report the court's findings that the images were made with AI deepfake (image-compositing) technology and the conviction under the false-sexual-image provisions; the specific tool is not named. The Korean bodies were read by the model; no written judgment was inspected.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Incheon, South Korea: teenager sentenced to up to two years for AI deepfake sexual images of five teachers and six students, distributed on Telegram with the victims' names and schools", "summary": "On 16 September 2026 the Incheon District Court sentenced a teenage defendant to an indeterminate term of two years (maximum) to one year six months (minimum) under the Sexual Violence Punishment Act for making and distributing false sexual images, ordered a 40-hour treatment programme and a five-year ban on working with children, and took him into custody in court. As a middle-school student in Incheon in 2024 he had used AI deepfake technology to composite the faces of five teachers, including his homeroom teacher whom he tricked into sending photographs, and six female middle- and high-school students from his taekwondo academy onto nude images and videos, 35 productions in all, and distributed them in Telegram 'acquaintance humiliation' chat rooms with the victims' real names, ages, schools, subjects and, per one report, phone numbers. The teachers learned of the images only in January 2026; the court said they are receiving long-term psychological treatment. He had withdrawn from school a week before the teachers'-rights committee met, avoiding school discipline. The Incheon teachers' union called the sentence, below the prosecution's request, regrettable.", "incidentDate": "2024-08-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-09-16", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake image-compositing tools (not named in the inspected court reporting)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Five teachers and six students had their faces composited by AI onto nude images and videos that were distributed on Telegram with their real names, ages, schools, subjects and phone numbers; the court found the teachers are suffering considerable trauma and receiving long-term psychological treatment.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 11, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Hankyoreh and Munhwa Ilbo both report 11 people (five teachers and six students) in 35 composites, as found by the court; Newsis reports the prosecution's charge sheet as 'about twenty', which is not used as a count. Eleven is the documented minimum.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "KR", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260916_0003791674", "primarySourceLabel": "뉴시스 (Newsis), 16 September 2026, Incheon bureau: sentencing report with the judge's reasons, the superintendent's and the union's statements", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-16T03:16:35.128819+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "south-korea", "incheon", "teachers", "minors", "telegram", "criminal-sentence", "depicted-or-impersonated" ] }, { "id": "2026-seoul-chatgpt-murders", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "at Seoul motels", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "KR" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Seoul Northern District Court", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "KR" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "KR" ], "event_countries": [ "KR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KR" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Seoul ChatGPT-Assisted Double Homicide (Kim)", "summary": "A 21-year-old woman, publicly identified as Kim So-young, used ChatGPT to research lethal drug-alcohol combinations, then murdered two men by spiking their drinks with her prescribed benzodiazepines at Seoul motels in January and February 2026. ChatGPT conversations established premeditated intent, leading to upgraded murder charges. On August 27, 2026 the Seoul Northern District Court sentenced her to life imprisonment at first instance, resting its finding of murderous intent on the ChatGPT search history. Both she and the prosecution have appealed.", "incidentDate": "2026-01-28", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-02-27", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "method_provision", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "death", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Kim So-young murdered two men using drug-alcohol combinations researched through ChatGPT and received a life sentence at first instance.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 3, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The criminal case documents one convicted AI participant, two homicide victims, and one additional surviving attempted-murder victim in the bounded series.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "KR", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://fortune.com/2026/03/02/seoul-south-korea-woman-chatgpt-two-murders/", "primarySourceLabel": "Fortune", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-09T05:43:02.612378+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "criminal", "adult", "murder", "chatgpt", "openai", "method-provision", "south-korea", "kr" ] }, { "id": "2025-dadig-chatgpt-stalking", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected-person country United States carried forward from the retained narrative ('women across Pennsylvania, Iowa, New York, Florida, Ohio') and supported by the inspected W.D. Pa. release, which says he 'harassed, threatened, and intimidated multiple female victims in Pittsburgh and across the country' and lists victims 'from Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida, Iowa, and New York'. Court country United States added: the same release records a 14-count indictment 'by a federal grand jury in Pittsburgh' (U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania). The M.D. Pa. release cited as primary source could not be read (live page is a bot-verification shell; Internet Archive returns Page not found). This is a metadata review and does not verify the allegations, which remain an indictment's accusations.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "women across Pennsylvania, Iowa, New York, Florida, Ohio", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'According to the Indictment, in the summer and fall of 2025, Dadig harassed, threatened, and intimidated multiple female victims in Pittsburgh and across the country.' and 'The Indictment sets forth allegations pertaining to 11 victims, including from Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida, Iowa, and New York.' (read from the Internet Archive capture; live page is a bot-verification shell)", "location": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdpa/pr/whitehall-borough-resident-charged-cyberstalking-interstate-stalking-and-threats", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'A resident of the borough of Whitehall, Pennsylvania, has been indicted by a federal grand jury in Pittsburgh on charges of cyberstalking, interstate stalking, and interstate threats' (read from the Internet Archive capture)", "location": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdpa/pr/whitehall-borough-resident-charged-cyberstalking-interstate-stalking-and-threats", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of cyberstalking, interstate stalking, and interstate threats, the DOJ announced Tuesday' and 'Troy Rivetti, First Assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania'", "location": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/chatgpt-encouraged-violent-stalker", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The M.D. Pa. release recorded as primary source remains unread (bot-verification shell live; Archive page not found), so its language and contents are not recorded from inspection.", "Victim locations are stated only at state level; no city for any victim other than Pittsburgh-area references in the release.", "Case outcome after the December 2025 detention hearing is not covered by this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-mdpa/pr/man-indicted-interstate-stalking-and-related-charges", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 200 with a 1,471-byte Akamai bot-verification refresh shell on 2026-09-20 (no article text); the Internet Archive capture request returned a Department of Justice 'Page not found' page. Not read; no language recorded.", "access": "unavailable", "language": null }, { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdpa/pr/whitehall-borough-resident-charged-cyberstalking-interstate-stalking-and-threats", "notes": "Live URL answered only a 1,540-byte bot-verification shell on 2026-09-20. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture of this URL (17,859 bytes, html lang=en): full USAO W.D. Pa. release on the 14-count indictment, the AI-chatbot advice, the 11 victims and their states, and the federal grand jury in Pittsburgh.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/chatgpt-encouraged-violent-stalker", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 25,271 bytes, html lang=en-US). Relays 404 Media's reading of the indictment and the DOJ statement; same underlying record.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "United States v. Dadig (ChatGPT-Facilitated Stalking)", "summary": "Pennsylvania man indicted on 14 federal counts for stalking 10+ women across multiple states while using ChatGPT as 'therapist' that described him as 'God's assassin' and validated his behavior. One victim was groped and choked in parking lot. First federal prosecution for AI-facilitated stalking.", "incidentDate": "2025-01-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-12-02", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "psychological_distress", "exploitation_or_abuse", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "More than ten women were allegedly stalked and one was groped and choked. The participant was indicted on fourteen federal counts after using ChatGPT as a therapist that allegedly validated his conduct and grandiose identity.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P3b", "P3d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 10, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "The federal case documents one indicted AI participant and more than ten women allegedly harmed. Ten is used as the explicit lower bound.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-PA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-mdpa/pr/man-indicted-interstate-stalking-and-related-charges", "primarySourceLabel": "DOJ Press Release", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-13T09:54:36.499379+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "stalking", "violence", "chatgpt", "federal_prosecution", "multi-state", "third_party_harm", "landmark_case" ] } ] }