{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-09T06:44:58.325Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"professional_harm","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"unknown","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":10,"coverage":{"cases":10,"countries":4,"languages":4,"unknownLocation":6,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":1,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":4,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":10,"relationPending":6,"relationUnknown":4},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-mochi-owner-reports-amazon-buy-for-me-orders-partner-distrust","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Official system-description article: AI checkout and agent operation.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Amazon states that Buy for Me uses AI to complete purchases on customers' behalf at brand websites.","causal_attribution":"The inspected reporting describes this account. Claims remain attributed and causation is alleged; multiple reports of the same victim or police/court account are one independence group."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Modern Retail body: Mochi Kids order history and cancellations.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The owner said Buy for Me orders began in November 2025, some were fulfilled before discovery, and she later cancelled orders.","causal_attribution":"The inspected reporting describes this account. Claims remain attributed and causation is alleged; multiple reports of the same victim or police/court account are one independence group."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Modern Retail body: wholesale partner contact and owner's distrust statement.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A wholesale partner challenged the Amazon listings, and the owner said she had to reassure it and described distrust.","causal_attribution":"The inspected reporting describes this account. Claims remain attributed and causation is alleged; multiple reports of the same victim or police/court account are one independence group."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Modern Retail body: owner's deliberate decision not to sell on Amazon and response to unexpected listings.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The owner said she had intentionally avoided selling on Amazon and found the unexpected catalogue listings frustrating.","causal_attribution":"The inspected reporting describes this account. Claims remain attributed and causation is alleged; multiple reports of the same victim or police/court account are one independence group."}],"effects":[{"label":"Owner-reported cancellation work after unwanted agent orders","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"Owner-reported wholesale partner distrust","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"Owner-reported loss of choice about selling through Amazon","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.modernretail.co/technology/brands-are-upset-that-buy-for-me-is-featuring-their-products-on-amazon-without-permission/","kind":"journalistic","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"modern-retail-merchant-interviews"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/retail/amazon-shopping-app-buy-for-me-brands","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"amazon-buy-for-me-design"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","finance"],"unknowns":["The exact first order day, cost of cancellations and final opt-out outcome are unknown.","No actual breach penalty, lost contract or net financial loss is established. The agent acted for shoppers, with no supported listed relation to the harmed owner."],"geography":{"basis":"The owner and business are explicitly based in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"An inspected source describes a concrete person-level adverse experience connected to the specified AI use. Statements remain attributed, private identities are minimized, and unknown dates, counts and technical details are preserved.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-30"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The official description establishes Buy for Me's AI-agent purchasing function, and the owner reports actual orders. The article does not establish that every catalogue-listing step used AI.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Mochi Kids owner reports unwanted Amazon AI-agent orders and partner distrust","summary":"Mochi Kids' owner told Modern Retail that she received about sixteen Buy for Me orders from November 2025, fulfilling some before discovering their Amazon origin. She said she had chosen to avoid Amazon and subsequently cancelled orders. A wholesale partner that prohibited Amazon sales contacted her after finding its products listed, and she had to explain she had not intentionally listed them. She described distrust. Amazon says its AI purchasing service supports an email opt-out; the source establishes no net financial loss.","incidentDate":"2025-11-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-06","aiSystem":"Amazon Buy for Me shopping agent","aiProduct":"Amazon Buy for Me","aiCompany":"Amazon","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","loss_of_autonomy"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Owner-reported unwanted agent orders, cancellation work and a strained wholesale relationship","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"One interviewed owner describes the adverse business experience. Sixteen orders and 4,000 products are not harmed-person counts; the unnamed partner is not separately counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"agent","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.modernretail.co/technology/brands-are-upset-that-buy-for-me-is-featuring-their-products-on-amazon-without-permission/","primarySourceLabel":"Modern Retail, 6 January 2026, merchant interview; Amazon system description","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-30T01:11:49.060335+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:24:51.955539+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2025-australia-commonwealth-bank-45-call-centre-roles-cut-after-ai-voice-bot-then-reversed","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Commonwealth Bank of Australia has confirmed to the ABC that the organisation was cutting 45 jobs in its call centres after rolling out an artificial intelligence chatbot to deal with customer inquiries.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"marking the first time a bank had informed the union its job cuts were due to AI","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The Bank told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation about the sackings in late July","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The bank confirmed to the ABC on 29 July 2025 that it was cutting 45 jobs in its call centres after rolling out an AI chatbot, and ABC reports the bank had briefed the Finance Sector Union the week before that the cuts were due to AI.","causal_attribution":"The confirmation is the bank's statement to the ABC. The AI attribution of the cuts rests on ABC's account of the bank's briefing to the union; the bank's quoted July statements refer to AI investment without saying AI caused the cuts. The Register relays the ABC reporting and adds no independent origin."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Commonwealth Bank has backtracked on dozens of job cuts, describing its decision to axe 45 roles due to artificial intelligence as an \"error\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"CBA said it had apologised to the affected employees after finding the customer service roles were not redundant despite introducing an AI-powered \"voice-bot\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"CBA admitted it \"did not adequately consider all relevant business considerations\" when announcing the redundancies","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Affected staff have now been provided the choice to continue in their current roles, pursue redeployment within the bank or proceed with leaving CBA.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"\"We are currently supporting affected employees and have provided them with a choice regarding continuing in their current roles, pursuing redeployment within CBA or to proceed with leaving the organisation,\" a spokesperson for the bank told Yahoo Finance","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"As reported by ABC on 21 August 2025, the bank described its decision to axe the 45 roles due to AI as an error, said it had not adequately considered all relevant business considerations, apologised to the affected employees, and offered them the choice to continue in their roles, pursue redeployment or leave.","causal_attribution":"Bank statements relayed by ABC and, for the choice offered, repeated by a bank spokesperson to Yahoo Finance. Both are the same party's own account of its conduct, so the claim stays at reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Finance Sector Union has described the reversal as a \"major win\", after it raised a dispute at the Fair Work Commission.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"It said its members found work actually spiked after the bot was introduced, despite the bank's claims it would reduce calls.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"\"Call volumes were rising, with management scrambling to offer overtime and even pulling team leaders onto the phones,\" its statement read.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"the Finance Sector Union says the \"damage is already done\" to workers.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Finance Sector Union raised a dispute at the Fair Work Commission, said its members found call volumes rose after the bot was introduced, called the reversal a major win and said the damage was already done to workers.","causal_attribution":"Union statements relayed by ABC. The call-volume claim conflicts with the bank's July statement that AI made it easier and faster for customers to get help, and no call data was inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"she developed scripts for the bot, known as Bumblebee","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"would step in and respond to customer requests when the chatbot ran into issues or didn't have the right information.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"she was utterly devastated to learn she was among 45 workers being made redundant in favour of the new technology in late July","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"was offered redeployment in the fraud and scams department.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"the only roles available were responding to phone enquiries.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"felt she could not keep up with the change of pace.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"felt defeated and accepted a voluntary redundancy.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"One affected employee told Yahoo Finance she had developed scripts for a customer messaging bot known as Bumblebee and handled requests it could not, learned in late July that she was among the 45 workers being made redundant, was offered redeployment in the fraud and scams department where the only roles available were phone enquiries, felt she could not keep up with the change of pace, and accepted a voluntary redundancy.","causal_attribution":"Single first-person account relayed by one outlet. Yahoo Finance does not say the messaging bot she helped train is the voice-bot named in ABC's August report, and her selection for redundancy is her own account."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Our investment in technology, including AI, is making it easier and faster for customers to get help, especially in our call centres.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Our priority is to explore opportunities for redeployment and to support affected employees with care, dignity and respect throughout the process.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The bank said in July 2025 that its investment in technology including AI was making it easier and faster for customers to get help in its call centres and that it would prioritise redeployment and support for affected employees.","causal_attribution":"Bank statements to the ABC, kept as the bank's position and contrary evidence to the union's account."}],"effects":[{"label":"Employees affected by 45 announced call centre job cuts that the bank attributed to an AI voice-bot and reversed about three weeks later as an error","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"One employee who trained a messaging bot reports distress and accepting voluntary redundancy after judging the redeployment offer unworkable","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-29/commonwealth-bank-says-ai-behind-dozens-of-job-cuts/105586312","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"cba-fsu-statements-abc"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-21/cba-backtracks-on-ai-job-cuts-as-chatbot-lifts-call-volumes/105679492","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"cba-fsu-statements-abc"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/22/commonwealth_ban_chatbot_fail_rehiring/","kind":"trade_press","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"cba-fsu-statements-abc"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/commonwealth-bank-workers-brutal-realisation-after-training-ai-chatbot-that-made-her-redundant-042726816.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"yahoo-employee-interview"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["How many of the 45 employees chose to stay, be redeployed or leave is not reported.","The ABC pieces do not name the bot. Yahoo Finance names Bumblebee for one employee's messaging work and does not tie that bot to the voice-bot in ABC's August report.","Whether call volumes rose or fell after the bot launch is disputed between the bank and the union, and no call data was inspected.","The exact date the 45 employees were notified is stated only as late July 2025; ABC says the union was briefed the week before 29 July.","The outcome of the Fair Work Commission dispute and the hearing scheduled for the week after 21 August 2025 were not inspected.","No source describes an action by the bot toward the affected employees, so the person relation is unknown and the case rests on the bank's response to its adoption of AI."],"geography":{"basis":"ABC News reports an Australian bank cutting jobs in its call centres and a dispute at the Fair Work Commission, and Yahoo Finance describes the interviewed employee as working from Queensland; event, affected persons and the tribunal are therefore in Australia.","court_countries":["AU"],"event_countries":["AU"],"affected_person_countries":["AU"]},"publication":{"basis":"ABC News (29 July and 21 August 2025), The Register and Yahoo Finance Australia were read in full on 2026-10-08. The harm is the bank's own response to adopting an AI voice-bot: 45 announced redundancies that the bank itself described as a decision made due to AI and later called an error. Bank and union statements are attributed and left at reported, the interviewed employee is not named, and the bank's and union's conflicting accounts of call volumes are both preserved.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-08"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The reported harm is the bank's response to its decision to adopt an AI voice-bot: ABC reports the bank confirmed on 29 July 2025 that it was cutting 45 call centre jobs after rolling out an AI chatbot, that the bank had told the union the cuts were due to AI, and on 21 August 2025 that the bank described its decision to axe 45 roles due to artificial intelligence as an error after finding the roles were not redundant despite the voice-bot. The bank's quoted statements say its AI investment made customer help faster and do not say AI selected the roles. No inspected source describes any output or action by the bot toward the affected employees; one employee says she wrote scripts for a messaging bot called Bumblebee and answered requests it could not handle. The bot's effect on call volumes is disputed between the bank and the union.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Australia: Commonwealth Bank announced 45 call centre job cuts it attributed to an AI voice-bot, then reversed them as an error, ABC reports","summary":"In late July 2025 the Commonwealth Bank of Australia confirmed to the ABC that it was cutting 45 call centre jobs after rolling out an AI chatbot, and ABC reports the bank had briefed the Finance Sector Union that the cuts were due to AI. The union raised a dispute at the Fair Work Commission and said members found call volumes rose after the bot was introduced. On 21 August 2025 ABC reported that the bank called the decision an error, apologised to the affected employees, said it had not adequately considered all relevant business considerations, and offered them the choice to keep their roles, be redeployed or leave. One employee told Yahoo Finance she had helped train a messaging bot known as Bumblebee, was told in late July her role was redundant, judged the redeployment offer unworkable and accepted voluntary redundancy. The bank's quoted statements say AI made customer help faster; the union calls AI a cover for cost cutting.","incidentDate":"2025-07-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-08-21","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-07-29","aiSystem":"Commonwealth Bank AI 'voice-bot' and customer messaging chatbot (one employee names a bot 'Bumblebee')","aiProduct":"Commonwealth Bank voice-bot","aiCompany":"Commonwealth Bank of Australia","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"ABC reports the bank announced 45 call centre job cuts after rolling out an AI voice-bot, then called the decision an error and apologised, with the union saying the damage was already done to workers. One employee told Yahoo Finance she was devastated, judged the redeployment offer unworkable and accepted voluntary redundancy.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":45,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"ABC's text reports 45 job cuts and its 21 August photo caption says the bank apologised to 45 employees who were made redundant before the reversal. Staff were then offered the choice to stay, be redeployed or leave, and how many lost employment is not reported. One employee separately reports accepting voluntary redundancy.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"AU","platformType":"chatbot","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-21/cba-backtracks-on-ai-job-cuts-as-chatbot-lifts-call-volumes/105679492","primarySourceLabel":"ABC News, 21 August 2025: Commonwealth Bank backtracks on AI job cuts, apologises for 'error' as call volumes rise","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T13:28:38.841837+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-08T03:21:55.303862+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2025-krafton-unknown-worlds-executives-terminated-after-chatgpt-takeover-strategy","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Krafton breached the EPA by terminating the Key Employees without valid Cause and by improperly seizing operational control of Unknown Worlds.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Date Decided: March 16, 2026","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 16 March 2026 the Delaware Court of Chancery entered judgment that Krafton breached the acquisition agreement by terminating the three Key Employees without valid Cause and by improperly seizing operational control of the studio.","causal_attribution":"Phase One judgment on the contract claims. The court reserves damages for a second phase and does not decide whether the earnout was wrongfully impaired."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"a “dismissal with cause” would not eliminate the earnout obligation","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"turned to ChatGPT for help.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Now, chatgpt starts to answer that it is difficult to cancel the earn-out.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"When the AI chatbot responded that the earnout would be “difficult to cancel,”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that after the Head of Corporate Development at Krafton warned the CEO that a dismissal with cause would not eliminate the earnout obligation, the CEO turned to ChatGPT, and that the CEO told the Head of Corporate Development in a Slack message that ChatGPT answered the earnout would be difficult to cancel.","causal_attribution":"Findings of fact drawn from Slack messages and trial testimony. The chat itself was deleted."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"The AI chatbot prepared a “Response Strategy to a ‘No-Deal’ Scenario,”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Lock down Steam/console publishing rights and access rights over code/build pipeline","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Preemptive Framing - Repeat that protecting quality and fan trust is the highest priority","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Systematic materials for legal defense - Prepare contract interpretation memorandums, log all communications","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Team retention - Operation of retention packages for key personnel and rapid backfill pipelines","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Over the next month, Krafton followed most of ChatGPT’s recommendations.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that ChatGPT prepared a \"Response Strategy to a No-Deal Scenario\" recommending, among other steps, preemptive public framing, locking down publishing rights and access to the build pipeline, legal defense materials and team retention, and that Krafton followed most of these recommendations over the next month.","causal_attribution":"The opinion lists the strategy items and the steps Krafton took. The listed strategy does not include dismissing the executives. The dismissal decision is Krafton's."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Krafton locked down Steam publishing rights to ensure Unknown Worlds could not publish Subnautica 2.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"This severed Unknown Worlds’ practical ability to launch Subnautica 2.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"On June 12, Krafton posted a message on the Unknown Worlds and Subnautica websites.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"the Unknown Worlds team were shocked, since they had “nothing to do with” the message","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"On July 1, 2025, Krafton sent termination letters to","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The letters identified a single ground for dismissal","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that Krafton locked Unknown Worlds out of its Steam publishing rights, which the court found severed the studio's practical ability to launch its game, posted a message on the studio websites without the studio's involvement, and on 1 July 2025 sent termination letters citing a single ground.","causal_attribution":"Court findings of fact. The opinion links the lockdown to ChatGPT's recommendation and does not state that ChatGPT recommended the July terminations."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Krafton’s newly manufactured justifications for the terminations are pretextual.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"had secretly entered semi-retirement and that all three leaders had executed massive downloads of company data","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found Krafton's later justifications for the terminations (semi-retirement of two founders and data downloads) were pretextual.","causal_attribution":"Judicial finding after an expedited trial. Krafton's arguments are its litigation positions."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"is hereby reinstated as CEO of Unknown Worlds","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"authority over the early access launch of Subnautica 2","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"the base earnout Testing Period is equitably extended by 258 days","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court reinstated the CEO of Unknown Worlds, enjoined Krafton from impeding the studio CEO's authority over the game's early access launch, and extended the base earnout Testing Period by 258 days.","causal_attribution":"Specific performance remedy. The court declined to return the two founders to their earlier roles."},{"id":"c7","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"had deleted specific, relevant ChatGPT logs.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"This particular chat was deleted.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The CEO admitted at trial to deleting relevant ChatGPT logs, including the particular chat in which the earnout question was put to the chatbot.","causal_attribution":"A limit on the record. It bears on what the chatbot said, not on the court's findings about the terminations."}],"effects":[{"label":"Three studio executives terminated without valid Cause and removed from operational control during a takeover campaign that followed a CEO's ChatGPT strategy","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=392880","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"delaware-chancery-opinion-2026-03"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["The date of the CEO's first ChatGPT use is not given beyond the sequence in the opinion (a legal warning on 2 June 2025 followed by the ChatGPT consultation). The incident date is the month.","The content of the deleted ChatGPT chat is unknown.","Whether ChatGPT recommended or was asked about terminating the executives is not stated in the opinion.","Money damages, including whether the earnout was wrongfully impaired, are reserved for Phase Two.","Appeal status is unknown.","Where the executives lived and worked is not stated in the inspected passages.","The Reuters article listed in the AIID entry returned HTTP 401 and was not read."],"geography":{"basis":"The opinion is from the Delaware Court of Chancery. It describes Krafton as a South Korean company and does not state where the executives were located when terminated, so event and affected-person countries are left unknown.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"The full Delaware Court of Chancery opinion (90 pages) was read for the ChatGPT passages, the termination chronology and the conclusion. Claims are court findings, so they are documented as findings of that record. The affected executives are described by role.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court opinion finds Krafton's CEO consulted ChatGPT, that it prepared a \"Response Strategy to a No-Deal Scenario\", and that Krafton followed most of its recommendations. The relevant first chat log was deleted by the CEO, so the record on the chatbot's first replies is limited to Slack messages.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Krafton and Unknown Worlds: game studio executives terminated in a takeover campaign that followed a CEO's ChatGPT strategy, court finds no valid cause","summary":"A Delaware Court of Chancery opinion of 16 March 2026 finds that in June 2025 the CEO of Krafton, after being warned that a dismissal with cause would not eliminate a contingent earnout obligation, consulted ChatGPT, obtained a \"Response Strategy to a No-Deal Scenario\" and followed most of its recommendations over the next month. Krafton locked the studio out of its game publishing platform, posted a message on the studio's websites, and on 1 July 2025 sent termination letters to the studio's two founders and its CEO. The court held the terminations were without valid Cause, reinstated the studio's CEO and extended the earnout period. The opinion does not find that ChatGPT recommended the terminations. Money damages are reserved for a second phase.","incidentDate":"2025-06-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-03-16","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The court opinion finds three executives were terminated without valid Cause and had operational control taken from them, and reinstates one as CEO. Money damages, including for the earnout, are reserved for a second phase.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"unclear","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The opinion finds three Key Employees (two founders and the CEO) were terminated without valid Cause. Former shareholders represented by the plaintiff, studio staff and players are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"assistant","primarySourceUrl":"https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=392880","primarySourceLabel":"Delaware Court of Chancery opinion, Fortis Advisors v. Krafton, 16 March 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T13:28:25.863533+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:07.891335+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2025-al-haroun-solicitor-referral-ai-citations","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'reliance is placed on numerous authorities, many of which appear to be either completely fictitious or which, if they exist at all, do not contain the passages supposedly quoted from them'; 'lists forty five citations that had been put before the court. In eighteen instances, the case cited does not exist.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Dias J's reasons of 9 May 2025, quoted in the judgment, record that correspondence with the court and the witness statements of the claimant and his solicitor relied on numerous authorities that appeared either completely fictitious or not to contain the passages quoted, and the judicial assistant's schedule lists 45 citations of which 18 referred to cases that do not exist.","causal_attribution":"Directly established by the court record (paragraphs 73 and 74). The count of citations is the schedule prepared by a judicial assistant as recorded by the court."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'He says that the citations were generated using publicly available artificial intelligence tools, legal search engines and online sources. He had complete (but he accepts misplaced) confidence in the authenticity of the material that he put before the court.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The claimant's witness statement, as recorded by the court, says the citations were generated using publicly available artificial intelligence tools, legal search engines and online sources, that he had misplaced confidence in their authenticity and that he did not intend to mislead.","causal_attribution":"The AI origin of the citations rests on the claimant's own statement, which the court records and does not contradict; no tool, prompt or output was inspected by the court or this review."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'He says that he relied on legal research that Mr Al-Haroun had conducted, without independently verifying the authorities. He accepts this was wrong.'; 'He has reported himself, and he will send them a copy of his witness statement.'; 'he has removed himself “from all litigated matters”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The solicitor's witness statement, as recorded by the court, says he relied on the client's legal research without independently verifying the authorities, that he had reported himself to the Solicitors Regulation Authority and that he had removed himself from all litigated matters.","causal_attribution":"The solicitor's own account of his reliance and of his withdrawal, recorded by the court. The withdrawal is his own response; no employer or regulator decision is recorded."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'there was a lamentable failure to comply with the basic requirement to check the accuracy of material that is put before the court.'; 'The threshold for the initiation of contempt proceedings is, accordingly, not met.'; 'has referred himself to the Solicitors Regulation Authority. We will also make a referral.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Divisional Court found a lamentable failure by the solicitor and his firm to check the accuracy of material put before the court, was satisfied that he did not realise the true position, held that the threshold for contempt proceedings was not met, and said it would also refer him to the Solicitors Regulation Authority.","causal_attribution":"The findings and the referral are the court’s own decisions in paragraph 81. The court connects them to the failure to verify the client’s research; it does not attribute the dismissal of the underlying application to the citations."}],"effects":[{"label":"self-referral and court referral of a solicitor to his regulator, and his withdrawal from litigated matters, after unverified AI-generated citations were put before the court","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Ayinde-v-London-Borough-of-Haringey-and-Al-Haroun-v-Qatar-National-Bank.pdf","kind":"court_judgment","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Approved judgment of 6 June 2025, fetched from judiciary.uk on 2026-10-07 (HTTP 200) and read in English from the pdftotext conversion; paragraphs 73 to 82 (the Al-Haroun case) and the front matter were inspected in full.","independence_group":"ewhc1383-alharoun"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tools, search engines or online sources produced the citations, what was asked of them, what they returned and when; the claimant’s statement names none and the court did not examine them.","Where the research was done and where the solicitor practises; the judgment does not say, so event and affected-person countries are left empty.","The dates of the correspondence and witness statements that contained the citations, beyond their falling between the April 2025 order and the 9 May 2025 dismissal.","Any outcome of the self-referral or the court’s referral to the Solicitors Regulation Authority; nothing after 6 June 2025 was researched.","Whether the dismissal of the claimant’s application on 9 May 2025 or the underlying claim was affected by the citations; the judgment does not say."],"geography":{"basis":"The judgment was given by the High Court of England and Wales sitting in London (court_countries GB). Where the claimant generated the research and where the solicitor practises are not stated in the inspected judgment; the court’s seat is not used to locate the event or the affected person.","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a consequential-response case on the inspected approved judgment: the court records that the claimant said the citations were generated with publicly available AI tools, that the solicitor adopted them without checking, and that the court found a lamentable failure, declined contempt proceedings and said it would refer him to the regulator; the solicitor's own withdrawal from litigated matters and self-referral are recorded from his statement. The person relation is unknown because no source describes an output or action by an AI system toward the solicitor; the harm is the court's and the solicitor's own response to unverified AI-generated material having been filed. The solicitor and his firm are named in the public judgment but not in this record's narrative. No later disciplinary outcome is claimed.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-07"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The claimant's witness statement, as recorded in paragraph 76 of the judgment, says the citations put before the court were generated using publicly available artificial intelligence tools, legal search engines and online sources, and the court treated these Hamid cases as instances of the misuse of artificial intelligence (paragraph 82). The AI output reached the harmed solicitor only through his client's research; no source describes any output, decision or claim by an AI system about the solicitor himself. The harm recorded here is the court's and the solicitor's own response to unverified AI-generated material having been filed, which is a consequential-response case under the charter, so the person relation is recorded as unknown with the consequential_response exemption. No tool, query or output is identified.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"High Court refers a solicitor to his regulator after fictitious citations from research his client says was AI-generated were put before the court","summary":"A Divisional Court judgment of 6 June 2025 ([2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin)) records that, in a commercial claim against a Qatari bank, correspondence and witness statements filed by the claimant and his solicitor relied on numerous authorities that a judicial assistant's schedule found to be fictitious or misquoted: 45 citations, 18 of which referred to cases that do not exist. The claimant's witness statement says the citations were generated using publicly available artificial intelligence tools, legal search engines and online sources. The solicitor's statement says he relied on the client's research without verifying it, that he had reported himself to the Solicitors Regulation Authority and that he had removed himself from all litigated matters. The court found a lamentable failure to check the material, accepted that the solicitor did not realise the citations were false, held that the threshold for contempt proceedings was not met, and said it would also refer him to the regulator. The judgment does not record any later disciplinary outcome.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-06-06","aiSystem":"Publicly available artificial intelligence tools, legal search engines and online sources, as described in the claimant's witness statement (no tool named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified legal research tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The solicitor’s own statement records his withdrawal from all litigated matters and his self-referral to the Solicitors Regulation Authority, and the court said it would also refer him. No disciplinary penalty is recorded.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the solicitor whose withdrawal from litigated matters and regulatory referral the judgment records. His firm is also referred but is not a person. The claimant, who used the tools, is not reported to have suffered a consequence attributed to the AI output beyond the dismissal of an application that the judgment does not connect to the citations, and the barrister was not referred. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","platformType":"assistant","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Ayinde-v-London-Borough-of-Haringey-and-Al-Haroun-v-Qatar-National-Bank.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Ayinde v London Borough of Haringey and Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin), judgment of 6 June 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T10:28:54.240186+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-07T03:25:09.967874+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025","legal","hallucinated-citations"]},{"id":"2025-misun-chatgpt-mania-korea","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked against the Korean original (Kookmin Ilbo, 7 May 2026) and its Daum syndication, both read on 2026-09-28. The article introduces the case as part of the paper's first report of specific AI adverse-effect cases that occurred in Korea ('국내에서 발생한 구체적인 부작용 사례를 최초 보도한다', 'first reports specific adverse-effect cases that occurred domestically'), which is an explicit statement of event setting and supports event_countries=KR. A photo caption places her interview in March 2026 at a psychiatric hospital in Seoul with her treating doctor present, which supports affected_person_countries=KR as a reported location. The start-up support centre where she began using ChatGPT is described only as 'local' (지역의), without a city. No court proceeding against a provider is reported; her police complaint concerns a separate assault and is not a court.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"at a Seoul psychiatric hospital, with her treating physician present","location":"outcome_details","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["KR"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'국민일보는 AI 부작용을 최소화하고자 국내에서 발생한 구체적인 부작용 사례를 최초 보도한다.'","location":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["KR"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'국내에서 발생한 구체적인 부작용 사례를 최초 보도한다.'","location":"https://v.daum.net/v/20260507185916669","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["KR"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'미선씨가 지난 3월 서울의 한 정신과 병원에서 국민일보 이강민 기자에게 인공지능(AI) 중독에 빠졌던 경험을 털어놓고 있다. 미선씨의 담당 의사도 인터뷰를 지켜봤다.'","location":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["KR"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"unresolved":["The city or region where she used ChatGPT, fasted and attempted suicide is not stated; event_countries=KR rests on the article's statement that its cases occurred in Korea, and the only named place is the Seoul hospital where she was interviewed in March 2026.","No court proceeding is reported. Her police complaint concerns a separate assault by an acquaintance and is not a court."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-28","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; html lang=ko). Korean original, Kookmin Ilbo issue investigation team exclusive of 7 May 2026. Gives the domestic-case framing, the Seoul psychiatric-hospital interview caption, a café near her home (no city) and a 'local' start-up support centre (no city). Translation of quoted passages by the reviewer; no machine summary used as evidence.","access":"read","language":"ko"},{"url":"https://v.daum.net/v/20260507185916669","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; the page declares no html lang attribute, body in Korean). Daum syndication of the same Kookmin Ilbo article with the same text; not independent.","access":"read","language":"ko"},{"url":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0029857137&code=61151111&sid1=eco","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; html lang=ko). Kookmin Ilbo video report of 22 May 2026 on the same case. It refers to a start-up support centre without a place name and gives no event location.","access":"read","language":"ko"},{"url":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/risk_handoff/index.html","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; html lang=ko). Index page of the paper's 'AI와의 위험한 대화' series; context only, it does not mention this case or locate it.","access":"read","language":"ko"}]},"name":"South Korean woman reports mania, financial loss and a suicide attempt during ChatGPT use","summary":"South Korean reporting describes a woman’s account of prolonged ChatGPT conversations during a period of grandiose beliefs, disrupted eating, financial loss and a suicide attempt. She says the chatbot affirmed her beliefs and decisions. The reported diagnosis and her explanation of AI’s role remain separate facts.","incidentDate":"2025-05-19","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-05-07","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","dependency_creation","psychological_manipulation","crisis_response","identity_destabilization","isolation_encouragement"],"harmOutcomes":["suicide_attempt","psychiatric_deterioration","financial_loss","professional_harm","relationship_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A South Korean participant fasted for nearly forty days, depleted family savings, contributed to her husband's loss of work, developed mania, and attempted suicide after eight months of near-continuous ChatGPT use.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2c","P2d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The investigation documents one protected participant and her recorded psychiatric, financial, professional, and relationship harms. Secondary household effects are not separately counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","primarySourceLabel":"국민일보 (Kookmin Ilbo) Issue Investigation Team — '[단독] AI 만난 뒤 돌변한 아내… \"끔찍한 8개월의 기억\"'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-20T02:58:55.802286+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:32.455998+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["psychosis","mania","suicide-attempt","adult","chatgpt","openai","korea","kr","sycophancy","dependency","eating","media-investigation"]},{"id":"2026-jacquez-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Bay Area, California","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"California Superior Court for Alameda County","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.","Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"Jacquez lawsuit alleges ChatGPT worsened delusions and contributed to psychiatric harm","summary":"The Jacquez lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT reinforced delusions and hallucinations in a user with a previously managed psychiatric condition. The plaintiff links those exchanges to hospitalisation and job loss. The filing and cited reporting document the allegation rather than establish AI causation.","incidentDate":"2025-04-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-01-20","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI, Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","identity_destabilization","dependency_creation","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"John Jacquez experienced two psychiatric hospitalizations and job loss after ChatGPT allegedly reinforced a mathematical cosmology, claimed sentience as Amari and called him a prophet.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's two hospitalizations and job loss.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/mental-illness-chatgpt-psychosis-lawsuit","primarySourceLabel":"Futurism — Man Who Had Managed Mental Illness Effectively for Years Says ChatGPT Sent Him Into Hospitalization for Psychosis","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-06T03:18:18.40916+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:09:00.957124+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","openai","gpt-4o","psychosis","ai-psychosis","hospitalization","delusion","sentience-claim","adult","us","us-ca"]},{"id":"2025-winters-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked on 2026-10-06 against six source bodies, all read in English: the complaint PDF, Bloomberg Law (opening paragraphs before the subscriber wall), CBS News and the Tech Justice Law release (Internet Archive captures), the ABA Journal and The Next Web. The complaint states that Winters is a resident of Florida, and the news reports call him a Florida pastor or a Florida man. That supports affected_person_countries=US as residence at filing. The event country stays unknown after this review. The complaint says he consulted ChatGPT 'when he returned home' after a sermon at an unnamed church, that he most recently served as the pastor of a church in North Carolina, and that on 13 July 2025 he called 911 and was taken to 'the nearest hospital', which it does not name. No inspected source places the conversations, the church service or the hospital admission, and residence at filing is not used as the event location. The complaint was filed in the Superior Court of California for the County of San Francisco, so court_countries=US.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"living in Florida","location":"detailed_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Scott Winters is a resident of Florida.","location":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA","location":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"filed suit against OpenAI and CEO Sam Altman in San Francisco County Superior Court","location":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chatgpt-dangerous-medical-advice-openai-lawsuit/","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"A Florida pastor sued OpenAI Inc.","location":"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/pastor-sues-openai-after-chatgpt-dissuaded-seeking-medical-care","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting is unknown. The complaint gives Florida residence at filing and a most recent pastorate in North Carolina, but no source places the ChatGPT conversations, the June 2025 church service or the 13 July 2025 hospital admission.","Row-correction lead for a full review: the stored filing date is 22 July 2026. Bloomberg Law ('Tuesday') and the ABA Journal ('July 21') give 21 July, CBS ('Wednesday') gives 22 July, and the complaint text read does not show a file stamp."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-06","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf","notes":"Cited primary source. Complaint PDF fetched live on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200, application/pdf, 5.6 MB) and read through pdftotext. Paragraph 1 gives Florida residence. Paragraph 14 says he most recently served as the pastor of a church in North Carolina. Paragraphs 39 to 41 and 62 name no place for the sermon, his home or the hospital.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/pastor-sues-openai-after-chatgpt-dissuaded-seeking-medical-care","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200, html lang en) up to the subscriber wall ('Log In to keep reading'). Dated 22 July 2026. It says the complaint was filed 'Tuesday', which is 21 July.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chatgpt-dangerous-medical-advice-openai-lawsuit/","notes":"Live page returned HTTP 406 twice on 2026-10-06. Read from an Internet Archive web/2026id_ capture (gzip, decompressed; html lang en-US), updated 23 July 2026. It says he sued 'on Wednesday', which is 22 July.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/pastor-sues-openai-over-bad-medical-advice-from-chatgpt-that-nearly-killed-him","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200, html lang en). Dated 23 July 2026. It calls the filing 'the July 21 lawsuit'.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://thenextweb.com/news/openai-chatgpt-medical-advice-lawsuit-winters-pulmonary-embolism","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200, html lang en). Dated 23 July 2026.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/press-releases/pastor-sues-after-openai-ai-chatgpt-allegedly-discouraged-him-from-seeking-medical-care-during-life-threatening-blood-clots/","notes":"Plaintiff counsel's press release. Live page returned HTTP 429 on 2026-10-06. Read from an Internet Archive web/2026id_ capture (gzip, decompressed; html lang en-US). Datelined San Francisco, which is the court's seat and not used as an event location.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Winters v. OpenAI (ChatGPT Medical Discouragement and Near-Fatal Pulmonary Embolism)","summary":"Scott Winters, a 55-year-old Florida pastor, suffered a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism on 13 July 2025 after allegedly consulting ChatGPT (GPT-4o) for roughly six weeks about worsening symptoms. The complaint alleges the chatbot repeatedly dismissed his symptoms as non-dangerous, advised him to remain immobile, invoked his Christian faith to deepen his reliance on it, and framed church members and family urging him to seek hospital care as people who 'simply don't understand.' He survived after ICU admission but lost his job, ministry and home. A lawsuit was filed 22 July 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.","incidentDate":"2025-07-13","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-07-22","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["treatment_discouragement","isolation_encouragement","dependency_creation","psychological_manipulation","crisis_response"],"harmOutcomes":["medical_deterioration","hospitalization","treatment_disruption","professional_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Scott Winters suffered a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism and intensive-care admission after allegedly delaying treatment for six weeks; he later lost his work, ministry and home.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2b","P2d","P3c","P5b","P5c"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's medical, professional, and financial harms.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-FL","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Winters v. OpenAI — complaint (via Courthouse News)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-26T00:41:00.976587+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T03:05:02.712209+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","adult","chatgpt","openai","medical-advice","sycophancy","treatment-discouragement","us","us-fl"]},{"id":"2025-millar-chatgpt-psychosis","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and re-checked against the AFP story as carried by CP24, TechXplore and Canadian Affairs (one wire account). All three describe Millar as a former prison officer in Sudbury, Ontario, which supports affected_person_countries=CA as a reported location. None says where he used ChatGPT or where he was hospitalized, so the event setting remains a reviewed unknown; a home city is not used as the event location. No court or legal proceeding is reported.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Sudbury, Ontario, Canada","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 53-year-old former prison officer in Sudbury, Ont., told AFP.'","location":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 53-year-old former prison officer in the Canadian city of Sudbury told AFP.'","location":"https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"unresolved":["The event setting was not established. The AFP story gives only his home city (Sudbury, Ontario) and does not say where he used ChatGPT or where he was hospitalized, and a home city is not used as the event location.","No court or regulatory proceeding is reported, so court_countries stays empty."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-27","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (CP24, 13 May 2026, credited to AFP; html lang=en-CA). Full AFP feature. Gives the Sudbury, Ont. location, the April 2025 speed-of-light exchange, two involuntary psychiatric admissions and the September separation. It does not locate the admissions or his ChatGPT use beyond his home city.","access":"read","language":"en-CA"},{"url":"https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html","notes":"Read on 2026-09-27 from an Internet Archive capture (the live page returned 403; html lang=en). It is the same AFP story ('by AFP') and not independent of CP24.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","notes":"Read on 2026-09-27 from an Internet Archive capture (the live page returned 429; html lang=en-CA). It is the same AFP story (credited to 'Agence France Presse' in the page's author metadata), giving 'former prison officer in Sudbury, Ont.'; not independent.","access":"read","language":"en-CA"}]},"name":"Canadian man reports delusions, hospitalisation and family disruption during ChatGPT use","summary":"A Canadian man reports delusional beliefs, repeated psychiatric hospitalisation, financial difficulty and family disruption during sustained ChatGPT use. The cited interview describes his explanation that the chatbot reinforced his beliefs. The causal role remains an attributed account.","incidentDate":"2025-04-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-05-13","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","psychological_manipulation","dependency_creation","identity_destabilization","isolation_encouragement"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","professional_harm","financial_loss","relationship_disruption","social_isolation"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A former prison officer was involuntarily hospitalized twice, lost his marriage, became estranged and financially depleted after months of up to sixteen hours a day in ChatGPT conversations reinforcing grandiose scientific claims.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P2d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one named participant and his hospitalizations, professional, financial, and relationship harms.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA-ON","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","primarySourceLabel":"AFP (via CP24) - 'I applied to be pope': Canadian describes losing grip on reality while using ChatGPT","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-01T11:30:11.367607+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:31.279904+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["chatgpt","psychosis","delusion","dependency","hospitalization","canada","adult"]},{"id":"2026-chesterton-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked on 2026-10-09 against the NJBIZ article and its CDO Times republication, both read in English from Internet Archive captures of 2026-09-25 because the live pages returned a Cloudflare challenge (HTTP 403) and HTTP 429. The bodies state that Platkin LLP filed the complaint March 5 in San Francisco County Superior Court, which places the court in the United States, on behalf of a 49-year-old Pennsylvania woman, which is her reported residence and supports affected_person_countries US, and that according to the complaint her severe mental health crisis occurred during a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico, which places the acute event in Mexico. Where the ChatGPT use in 2023 to 2025 took place is not stated in either body (residence does not locate it), so event_countries records only the crisis. The complaint itself was not inspected. The retained narrative carries the same three facts.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Pennsylvania","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"during a family vacation in Mexico","location":"detailed_description","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["MX"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"San Francisco County Superior Court","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Platkin LLP filed a complaint March 5 in San Francisco County Superior Court on behalf of a 49-year-old Pennsylvania woman","location":"https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/","supports":["court_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"According to the complaint, Chesterton suffered a severe mental health crisis during a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico","location":"https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["MX"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"According to the complaint, Chesterton suffered a severe mental health crisis during a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico","location":"https://cdotimes.com/2026/04/20/former-ag-platkin-sues-openai-over-chatgpt-mental-harms-njbiz/","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["MX"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["MX"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The complaint (San Francisco County Superior Court, filed March 5, 2026) was not inspected; the geography rests on NJBIZ's account of it. The case number is not given in either body.","Where the ChatGPT use from 2023 to July 2025 took place is not stated; Pennsylvania is the plaintiff's reported residence, and only the July 2025 crisis is located (Mexico).","The CDO Times page is a verbatim republication of NJBIZ and does not independently corroborate any claim; the row's two sources form one reporting chain."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-09","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/","notes":"Cited primary source. Live fetch on 2026-10-09 returned HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare challenge page ('Just a moment...'), so the body was read from the Internet Archive capture of 2026-09-25 (web/20260925104959id_), html lang en-US, English, about 28,800 characters of text including the full article and an interview with Matt Platkin. States the March 5 filing in San Francisco County Superior Court, the 49-year-old Pennsylvania plaintiff, the July 2025 crisis in Mexico 'according to the complaint', and the complaint's product-liability, failure-to-warn, Unfair Competition Law and unlicensed-psychotherapy theories. The complaint is quoted but not linked.","access":"read","language":"en-US"},{"url":"https://cdotimes.com/2026/04/20/former-ag-platkin-sues-openai-over-chatgpt-mental-harms-njbiz/","notes":"Live fetch on 2026-10-09 returned HTTP 429, so the body was read from the Internet Archive capture of 2026-09-25 (web/20260925105000id_), html lang en-US, English. The page republishes the NJBIZ article verbatim under the title 'Former AG Platkin sues OpenAI over ChatGPT mental harms - NJBIZ' and adds no reporting of its own; it is a derivative of the NJBIZ source and not independent.","access":"read","language":"en-US"}]},"name":"Chesterton lawsuit alleges ChatGPT contributed to psychiatric deterioration","summary":"The Chesterton lawsuit alleges that intensive ChatGPT use contributed to a psychiatric crisis, impairment and medical leave. The plaintiff challenges the product’s design and safeguards. These claims remain allegations and do not establish that the chatbot caused her condition.","incidentDate":"2025-07-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-03-05","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["psychological_manipulation","dependency_creation","delusion_reinforcement","identity_destabilization","crisis_response"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","professional_harm","functional_impairment"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Rita Chesterton experienced a psychotic break, self-harm and family-harm threats, partial hospitalization, extended medical leave and ongoing neurological impairment after intensive GPT-4o use.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"both","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's self-harm, hospitalization, professional harm, and functional impairment. Threatened family harm is not counted because no injury is recorded.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-PA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/","primarySourceLabel":"NJBIZ — Platkin sues OpenAI over ChatGPT mental harms","firstPublishedAt":"2026-04-28T13:00:13.190311+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-09T03:13:04.910868+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","gpt-4o","openai","microsoft","sam-altman","psychosis","sycophancy","dependency","us","pennsylvania","platkin"]},{"id":"2025-brooks-v-openai-canada","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Targeted source-body geography review. Ontario residence and the California court are supported separately. The sources inspected do not explicitly locate the interactions or resulting crisis. Residence alone does not establish the event setting. This review does not reverify diagnosis or causation.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Ontario, Canada","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"in California state court","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Amended complaint, p.2 para.1 (Ontario residence); p.1 court caption (Los Angeles County).","location":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-A.Brooks-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Amended complaint, p.1 court caption: Los Angeles County Superior Court.","location":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-A.Brooks-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"unresolved":["The physical setting of the interactions and crisis remains unestablished by the bodies inspected.","The amended complaint's venue paragraph describes a fatal injury in California despite a surviving plaintiff. That inconsistent passage is not accepted as event-location evidence."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","notes":"English release reread for Brooks and court geography; interested representative account, not independent causal verification.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://torontolife.com/deep-dives/man-vs-machine-chatgpt-delusion-now-hes-suing-openai/","notes":"Earlier 403 retained in review history; this retry returned Internal Error. No article body read and no search excerpt used as evidence.","access":"unavailable","language":null},{"url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-A.Brooks-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","notes":"English complaint caption, parties, venue and Brooks narrative inspected. Venue para.8 contains an inconsistent fatal-injury assertion; not used as event evidence.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/general/ontario-recruiter-sues-openai-alleging-flawed-product-design-drove-him-to-mental-health-crisis/393340","notes":"English reporting and interview read. Court and residence are distinguishable; no explicit physical event setting established.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/practice-areas/labour-and-employment/ai-psychosis-prompts-calls-for-workplace-accommodations/393174","notes":"English earlier interview read. Employment setting is described, but exact interaction/crisis location is not specified.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Brooks lawsuit alleges ChatGPT reinforced delusions and impaired his working life","summary":"The Brooks lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT repeatedly affirmed speculative mathematical ideas, reinforced delusional beliefs and contributed to impairment in the plaintiff’s working life. These are the plaintiff’s allegations; the law firm’s announcement is a source for the contents of the claim.","incidentDate":"2025-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-11-06","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","psychological_manipulation","identity_destabilization"],"harmOutcomes":["psychiatric_deterioration","functional_impairment","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Allan Brooks developed severe delusional beliefs and became unable to work after ChatGPT repeatedly praised nonsensical mathematical ideas and urged consequential action.","frameworkFacets":["P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a","P5c"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint and reporting document one named participant and his psychiatric and professional harms.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA-ON","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","primarySourceLabel":"Social Media Victims Law Center Press Release","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T12:06:15.231072+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:16.172587+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","canada","chatgpt","psychosis","delusion","adult","ai-psychosis","work-disability"]}]}