{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-07T02:55:48.005Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"privacy","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":15,"coverage":{"cases":15,"countries":9,"languages":8,"unknownLocation":3,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":4,"minors":3,"coreRelations":15,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":1,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-winnipeg-man-says-meta-ai-told-him-fake-facebook-support-number-was-legitimate-then-scammers-took-over-accounts","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'did a search in Facebook Messenger to find out whether it was legitimate.'; 'was \"indeed a legitimate Facebook support number.\"'; 'took this screen capture of his message from Meta AI, after he did a search to confirm the supposed tech support number.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The man says he asked the Meta AI search tool in Facebook Messenger whether a number his wife had found online was Facebook's support line, and Meta AI answered that it was a legitimate Facebook support number.","causal_attribution":"The man's account, supported by the screenshot he gave CBC; Meta did not dispute that he received the answer but said its own searches gave different results."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'She then opened his Facebook account.'; 'he had to give her access to his phone through an app she had him download'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"When he called, the person on the line obtained his account details, opened his Facebook account and had him install an app giving access to his phone.","causal_attribution":"The man's account to CBC."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'someone also accessed his PayPal account and used it to buy a $500 Apple gift card'; 'The person on the call also tried to buy bitcoin'; 'but thankfully his bank refused that attempted purchase.'; 'He was pleased when PayPal agreed to reverse the $500 charge against his account.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"During the call someone used his PayPal account to buy a $500 Apple gift card and tried to buy bitcoin, which his bank refused; PayPal later reversed the $500 charge.","causal_attribution":"The man's account; the connection to the call is his."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'cancelled credit cards and locked his bank accounts. He filed fraud complaints with PayPal and Visa, a police report, and alerts with the credit bureaus Equifax and TransUnion.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"He cancelled credit cards, locked bank accounts and filed fraud complaints with PayPal, Visa, the police, the credit bureaus and the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre.","causal_attribution":"The man's account to CBC."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'\"Meta AI can sometimes produce inaccurate information, and we are continually working to make it better.\"'; 'the results were different, according to Meta's spokesperson.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Meta told CBC that Meta AI can sometimes produce inaccurate information and that its own searches with Meta AI gave different results from his.","causal_attribution":"Meta's emailed statement as reported by CBC."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A Winnipeg Police Service spokesperson told CBC they have an active investigation open, and the case has been forwarded to the financial crimes unit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Winnipeg police told CBC they had an active investigation and had forwarded the case to the financial crimes unit.","causal_attribution":"The police spokesperson's statement as reported by CBC."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'What he didn't know at the time is there is no phone number for Facebook customer support.'; '\"Yeah, this is Facebook customer service.\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Facebook has no customer support phone number, and when CBC called the number the man had used, a person claimed to be Facebook customer service.","causal_attribution":"CBC's own reporting and test call."}],"effects":[{"label":"called a scam number Meta AI had called legitimate; Facebook account taken over and PayPal charged","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/facebook-customer-support-scam-1.7219581","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-11-02 (HTTP 200, full article); no translation and no human reviewer. CBC interviewed the man, published his screenshot of the Meta AI answer, called the number itself and obtained statements from Meta and Winnipeg police.","independence_group":"cbc-manitoba-may-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["finance","privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The exact date of the Meta AI exchange and the call; CBC says the problem began after he got a new phone in April 2024.","Whether any money remained lost after PayPal reversed the $500 charge.","The outcome of the Winnipeg police investigation and whether Meta answered his complaint."],"geography":{"basis":"CBC Manitoba reports a Winnipeg man who made the call and the Winnipeg Police Service investigation; no court was involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CA"],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete adverse experience after a generative assistant's answer: the man's account, with a screenshot published by CBC, that Meta AI confirmed a scam support number as legitimate, followed by an account takeover and a fraudulent PayPal charge; Meta's and the police's statements are recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-11-02"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The man says he asked Meta AI in Facebook Messenger whether the number was legitimate and that it answered the number was \"indeed a legitimate Facebook support number\"; CBC published his screenshot of that answer. He says he called the number because of that answer, and the caller then took over his Facebook account and his PayPal account was used. Meta said Meta AI can produce inaccurate information and that its own later searches gave different results; no one independently reproduced his exchange.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Winnipeg man says Meta AI told him a fake Facebook support number was legitimate, and scammers he then called took over his accounts","summary":"A Winnipeg man told CBC that in spring 2024, after a problem moving his Facebook account to a new phone, his wife found what looked like a Facebook customer support number online, and before calling it he asked the Meta AI search tool in Facebook Messenger whether it was legitimate. According to his account and a screenshot he gave CBC, Meta AI answered that the number was \"indeed a legitimate Facebook support number\". Facebook has no phone support line. When he called, the person on the line obtained his account details, opened his Facebook account and had him install an app giving access to his phone; during the call someone used his PayPal account to buy a $500 Apple gift card and tried to buy bitcoin, which his bank refused. He cancelled cards, locked bank accounts, filed fraud and police reports, and PayPal reversed the $500 charge. Meta told CBC that Meta AI can sometimes produce inaccurate information and that its own searches gave different results. Winnipeg police said they had an active investigation.","incidentDate":"2024-04-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2024-05-31","aiSystem":"Meta AI, the AI search tool in Facebook Messenger (Llama 3, according to a computer scientist quoted by CBC)","aiProduct":"Meta AI","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the man, after Meta AI confirmed the scam number he called it; the caller took over his Facebook account, a $500 Apple gift card was bought through his PayPal account (PayPal later reversed it) and a bitcoin purchase was attempted, and he had to cancel cards, lock accounts and file fraud reports. CBC describes him as scammed out of hundreds of dollars.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the man who asked Meta AI and called the number. His wife found the number but no harm to her is reported.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA-MB","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/facebook-customer-support-scam-1.7219581","primarySourceLabel":"CBC News, Winnipeg man caught in scam after AI told him fake Facebook customer support number was legitimate, 31 May 2024","firstPublishedAt":"2026-11-02T03:11:16.904969+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-11-02T03:11:16.904969+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["scam-support-number","account-takeover","messenger-assistant","fraud-report"]},{"id":"2024-taiwan-band-photographer-used-ai-face-swap-to-make-sexual-images-of-female-musicians-sentenced-on-appeal","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'並使用手機內的Telegram AI合成功能，將被害人的臉部移花接木至上半身全裸、甚至是大腿以上全裸與他人性交的色情影像中。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'將多名女樂手以人工智慧深偽（Deepfake）技術，將演出與宣傳照片合成不實性影像，並投稿至社群平台X帳號供散布。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the indictment as reported, the photographer took women's photos from Facebook or Instagram and used an AI synthesis function in Telegram on his phone to paste their faces onto images of nudity and sexual acts, which a co-defendant posted on an X account for public viewing.","causal_attribution":"Prosecutors' and court account as reported; the defendant admitted the acts."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'將最少5名女樂手的演出或宣傳照，使用「AI換臉」，製作上半身裸露或與他人性交等不實性影像'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'導致多名受害者在網路上驚見自己的臉部竟被接在裸體照上，憤而向北市婦幼警察隊報案求助。' '且有被害女子們的指述、數位鑑識報告及扣案手機、電腦等證據佐證。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The images covered at least five female musicians, made from performance or publicity photos; women who found their faces attached to nude images online reported it to police, and prosecutors cited the women's statements, a digital forensics report and seized devices.","causal_attribution":"Indictment as reported by two outlets in separate articles; reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'未經當事人同意即合成不實性影像並公開，構成非法利用個人資料罪。' '嚴重侵害被害人隱私權及資訊自主權'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Shilin District Court convicted him of illegally using personal data, finding that making and publishing false sexual images from women's facial images without consent infringed their privacy and informational self-determination.","causal_attribution":"First-instance judgment as reported by TVBS."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'高等法院29日改判刑11月，仍給予緩刑4年的自新機會。可上訴。' '分別處有期徒刑6月、5月、6月，定應執行有期徒刑11月。也宣告緩刑4年，並需於本案判決確定後2年內，繳交國庫20萬元緩刑處分金。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 29 October 2026 the High Court found three counts under the Personal Data Protection Act and imposed a combined sentence of 11 months, suspended for four years, with a NT$200,000 payment to the treasury; the ruling can be appealed.","causal_attribution":"Appeal ruling as reported by ETtoday; the judgment text was not read."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'最後僅1人達成和解'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The defendant admitted the acts and tried to settle with the five women; one settlement was reached.","causal_attribution":"Court account as reported by ETtoday."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'還在X平台呼籲大家性騷擾自己整整4年' '非常噁心'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'一名被害人公開表示，自投入音樂創作與拍片後，長期遭Deepfake裸照騷擾，甚至被惡意號召性騷擾長達4年，希望司法能制裁加害者。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"One musician said publicly that she had long been harassed with deepfake nude images and that people had been urged to sexually harass her for four years, that the account was disgusting, and that she hoped the courts would punish the perpetrator.","causal_attribution":"One woman's public statement relayed by two outlets; one origin."}],"effects":[{"label":"faces of at least five women musicians pasted into AI-made false sexual images posted on X (indictment and court findings)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"one woman describes years of harassment with deepfake nude images, people urged to harass her for four years, and disgust","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.ettoday.net/news/20261029/3262662.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. ETtoday reports the High Court ruling and summarises the indictment.","independence_group":"taiwan-high-court-ruling-2026-10-29"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.tvbs.com.tw/local/3218427","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. TVBS reports the first-instance judgment and credits part of its account to ETtoday.","independence_group":"shilin-district-court-judgment-2026-05"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/5323473","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. The Liberty Times reports the indictment.","independence_group":"shilin-prosecutors-indictment-2026-01"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.mirrordaily.news/story/42258","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Mirror Daily reports the indictment and relays a victim's public post.","independence_group":"musician-public-statement-2026-01"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which Telegram AI tool was used and how many images were made.","How many people viewed the X account before it was suspended, and whether more women were depicted.","Exact dates: ETtoday dates the image-making to January and March 2024, while the Liberty Times says the images were completed in March of the previous year (2025) and posted in April.","Whether the High Court ruling will be appealed."],"geography":{"basis":"The Liberty Times reports that the images were made at the defendant's home in Taipei's Shilin district and that the women reported to the Taipei police; the case was tried by the Shilin District Court and Taiwan's High Court. The sources do not state where each woman lives, so affected-person countries are left empty.","court_countries":["TW"],"event_countries":["TW"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): prosecutors said a photographer used an AI face-swap function to turn at least five female musicians' photos into false sexual images that were posted on X, and two Taiwanese courts convicted him after he admitted the acts; the High Court sentenced him on 29 October 2026. One woman describes years of harassment. No person is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Shilin prosecutors' indictment, as reported by the Liberty Times, says the photographer used an AI synthesis function in Telegram on his phone to paste the women's faces onto nude and sexual images, citing a digital forensics report and the seized phone; he admitted the acts, and both the district court and the High Court convicted him over the false sexual images (ETtoday, TVBS). The AI-made images depicted the women and were posted publicly, and the women found them. The Telegram tool is not named and the judgment texts were not read.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Taiwan court sentences band photographer who used AI face swapping to put at least five female musicians into false sexual images","summary":"Taiwan's High Court on 29 October 2026 sentenced a photographer from Taipei's band scene to 11 months in prison, suspended for four years, for using AI deepfake face swapping to turn performance and publicity photos of female musicians into false sexual images that were posted on an X account, according to ETtoday. Prosecutors said that from 2024 he took at least five women's photos from Facebook and Instagram and used an AI synthesis function in Telegram to paste their faces onto nude and sexual images, which a co-defendant posted for public viewing; the women found their faces on the account and reported it to police. In a first-instance ruling reported on 1 June 2026, the Shilin District Court had sentenced him to one year, suspended, for illegally using personal data; the appeal court, also finding three counts, set 11 months, again suspended and with a NT$200,000 payment to the treasury. He admitted the acts and settled with one of the five women. One of them said publicly that she had been harassed with deepfake nude images and that people had been urged to sexually harass her for four years, and that the account disgusted her. The ruling can be appealed. The photographer and the women are not named here.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-27","aiSystem":"An AI face-swap (deepfake) synthesis function used through Telegram on the defendant's phone to put women's faces onto nude and sexual images, according to the indictment as reported; the tool is not otherwise named","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Prosecutors said a photographer used AI face swapping to make false sexual images of at least five female musicians that were posted on X, and Taiwanese courts convicted him after he admitted the acts; one woman says people were urged to sexually harass her for four years.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":5,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"ETtoday reports the indictment as covering at least five female musicians (最少5名女樂手) and TVBS reports five women discovering their faces; the court found three counts and the defendant tried to settle with five women. Five is a documented minimum; other women whose images may have been posted on the account are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"TW","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.ettoday.net/news/20261029/3262662.htm","primarySourceLabel":"ETtoday, 29 Oct 2026: band photographer's AI face-swap images of female musicians, sentence changed to 11 months on appeal (Chinese)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-29T03:12:44.304617+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-29T03:12:44.304617+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","deepfake-sexual-images","nonconsensual-intimate-imagery","musicians","appeal-ruling","personal-data-protection-act","taiwan"]},{"id":"2024-genoa-university-lecturer-ai-undressed-images-of-six-students-dismissal-upheld-by-administrative-court","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'L’accusa della Procura di Genova nei confronti di un “associato” subito sospeso dal rettore.'; 'Poi le “spogliava” con le app che sfruttano l’intelligenza artificiale. E alla fine le inoltrava su un gruppo Telegram'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'L’indagine, secondo quanto riportano i quotidiani, è partita il 1 ottobre dopo l’esposto del rettore'; 'la polizia postale ha perquisito l’ufficio e l’abitazione del docente, sospeso subito dall’incarico.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"In 2024 the Genoa prosecutor's office accused an associate professor at the University of Genoa of taking photos from students' social-media profiles, 'undressing' them with apps that use artificial intelligence and forwarding them to a Telegram group; the investigation began on 1 October 2024 after the rector's complaint, the postal police searched his office and home, and he was suspended.","causal_attribution":"The AI attribution is the prosecution's accusation as reported by la Repubblica; GenovaToday relays Repubblica and Il Secolo XIX."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'il professore rubava le foto dai social e le modificava con una non meglio specificata intelligenza artificiale. Probabilmente un bot, stando alle evidenze dell'inchiesta'; 'nel computer del docente erano state rinvenute immagini virtuali sessuali corrispondenti a quelle postate sui social. Nel verbale dell'interrogatorio, inoltre, il professore aveva ammesso di aver postato le foto contestate e di averle create con un software.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'aveva “spogliato” con l’intelligenza artificiale le foto di sei studentesse e le aveva condivise su Telegram'; 'Nonché di averle create virtualmente con un software'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the administrative court's judgment as reported, the lecturer took photos of six students from their social profiles, turned them into sexual images and shared them on Telegram; a search found sexual virtual images matching those posted on his computer, and in interrogation he admitted posting the images and creating them with software.","causal_attribution":"Both articles report the same judgment, so they are one origin; the AI description comes from the investigation and the outlets, and the admission as relayed names only 'software'."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il Tar ha respinto il ricorso del docente dell’Università di Genova che ha spogliato sei studentesse con l’intelligenza artificiale.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'il cui ricorso è stato respinto dai giudici del Tar che ha riconosciuto il «comportamento reiterato e lesivo della sua dignità e onore. Di gravità tale da non consentire l’irrogazione di una sanzione meno afflittiva della destituzione dal servizio»'; 'lesivo della dignità, della libertà, della sicurezza delle studentesse coinvolte'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The University of Genoa dismissed the lecturer, and the TAR Liguria rejected his appeal, finding repeated conduct harmful to the students' dignity and to the university, serious enough that no lesser penalty than dismissal was possible.","causal_attribution":"The dismissal and the court's reasoning are reported from the judgment; the judgment itself was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il docente era stato accusato di diffamazione aggravata.'; 'Le vittime sono state risarcite, ma a inchiesta penale chiusa è stato l’Ateneo ad avere l’ultima parola'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Dal punto di vista legale, ha dovuto risarcire le vittime.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The lecturer was accused of aggravated defamation; the criminal case was closed and he paid the six students compensation.","causal_attribution":"Reported by both outlets from the same judgment account."}],"effects":[{"label":"six students' photos turned into sexual images and shared on Telegram (prosecution accusation and court judgment, as reported)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.fanpage.it/attualita/spoglio-sei-studentesse-con-lia-il-tar-conferma-il-licenziamento-del-prof-di-architettura-dalluniversita/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. Fanpage returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher; read in full through a Wayback Machine capture (web.archive.org/web/2026id_/..., HTTP 200). Reports the TAR judgment and the investigation evidence.","independence_group":"tar-liguria-judgment-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.open.online/2026/09/18/ruba-foto-studentesse-spoglia-ia-professore-architettura-licenziato-universita-genova/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. Open returned HTTP 403; read in full through a Wayback Machine capture (HTTP 200). It reports the judgment 'come riporta Repubblica', so it shares the judgment group.","independence_group":"tar-liguria-judgment-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2024/10/25/news/professore_architettura_spogliava_studentesse_intelligenza_artificiale_genova_inchiesta-423575884/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. la Repubblica Genova (HTTP 200); the page is paywalled and only the headline, standfirst and the opening of the JSON-LD article body were read.","independence_group":"genoa-prosecution-2024"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.genovatoday.it/cronaca/professore-spogliava-studentesse-intelligenza-artificiale-sospeso.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. GenovaToday (HTTP 200), which cites Repubblica and Il Secolo XIX for the account, so it shares their group. The page gives the lecturer's initials, which the record does not reproduce.","independence_group":"genoa-prosecution-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI app or bot was used; the judgment as relayed says only 'software'.","Exactly when in 2024 the images were made and shared.","Whether one of the students was a minor (a 2024 headline says so; its body was not readable).","Who received psychological support: Open says the six students did, Fanpage says the lecturer did.","The date and number of the TAR judgment and whether it has been appealed.","How the criminal case was closed (the charge became prosecutable only on complaint)."],"geography":{"basis":"The investigation was opened by the Genoa prosecutor's office after the University of Genoa rector's complaint, the students were students of that university, and the TAR Liguria (an Italian regional administrative court) decided the appeal.","court_countries":["IT"],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":["IT"]},"publication":{"basis":"Six students were depicted in sexual images made from their social-media photos and shared on Telegram. The AI attribution rests on the Genoa prosecutor's accusation as reported by la Repubblica and on the investigation evidence and the lecturer's admission of creating the images with software as reported from the administrative court's judgment. The university's dismissal and the court's rejection of his appeal are the institutional outcome. The tool is unidentified and the judgment was read only through press reports.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"According to la Repubblica, Genoa prosecutors accused the lecturer of 'undressing' the students' photos with apps that use artificial intelligence; Fanpage reports that the investigation pointed to an unspecified AI, probably a bot. As reported from the administrative court's judgment, a search found sexual virtual images matching those posted on his computer and he admitted creating them with software. The generated images depicting the students are the harm. The tool is not named and the judgment, as relayed, says only 'software'; the judgment itself was not read.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Italian administrative court upholds Genoa university's dismissal of a lecturer who made sexualised images of six students, reportedly with AI","summary":"In 2024 an associate professor at the University of Genoa took photos from the social-media profiles of six students, turned them into sexual images and shared them in Telegram chats. According to la Repubblica's October 2024 report, Genoa prosecutors accused him of 'undressing' the photos with apps that use artificial intelligence; the investigation began on 1 October 2024 after the rector's complaint, the postal police searched his office and home, and he was suspended. The university later dismissed him. According to Open and Fanpage, which report the judgment, the regional administrative court for Liguria (TAR) rejected his appeal against the dismissal in September 2026, citing a search record that found sexual virtual images on his computer matching those posted, and his interrogation, in which he admitted posting the images and creating them with software. The court found the repeated conduct harmful to the students' dignity and to the university. The criminal case, for aggravated defamation, was closed; the lecturer paid the students compensation. The tool used is not identified.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2024-10-25","aiSystem":"An unidentified AI app or bot used to 'undress' photos, according to the prosecution's accusation as reported by la Repubblica and the investigation evidence described by Fanpage; the lecturer admitted creating the images with software","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the prosecution's accusation and the administrative court's judgment as reported, a university lecturer turned six students' social-media photos into sexual images, reportedly with an AI app, and shared them in Telegram chats; the court found the conduct harmful to their dignity, and the lecturer paid them compensation.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":6,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Open and Fanpage, reporting the 2026 judgment, give six students ('sei studentesse'); GenovaToday in 2024 said 'almeno sei' (at least six). Six is recorded as a documented minimum. A headline about a minor among the students was not read and is not used. The lecturer is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.fanpage.it/attualita/spoglio-sei-studentesse-con-lia-il-tar-conferma-il-licenziamento-del-prof-di-architettura-dalluniversita/","primarySourceLabel":"Fanpage: TAR confirms dismissal of Genoa lecturer who undressed six students with AI (18 Sep 2026)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-24T03:15:14.430251+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-24T03:15:14.430251+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake-sexual-imagery","university","telegram","dismissal","administrative-court","italy"]},{"id":"2024-tokyo-police-say-man-used-generative-ai-to-make-sexual-images-resembling-262-female-celebrities-and-sold-access","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"画像生成ＡＩ（人工知能）で女性芸能人らに似せて作ったわいせつ画像をＳＮＳに掲載したとして、警視庁は１６日 ... わいせつ電磁的記録記録媒体陳列容疑で逮捕したと発表した。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"10月15日にわいせつ電磁的記録媒体陳列容疑で逮捕しました。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Tokyo police announced on 16 October 2025 the arrest of a man on suspicion of displaying obscene electronic records, for posting on social media obscene images made with image-generation AI to resemble female celebrities.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the arrest; the AI generation is the police's description."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"昨年１０月以降、女優やアイドル、アナウンサー計２６２人に酷似したＡＩ作成の性的画像約２万点をＳＮＳに掲載し、計約１２０万円の閲覧料を得た","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"この262人のわいせつ画像を生成AIで約2万点作り、ネットのコミュニケーションサイト上で公開していた男が警視庁保安課に逮捕された。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Police believe that from October 2024 he posted about 20,000 AI-made sexual images resembling 262 actresses, idols and announcers and earned about 1.2 million yen in viewing fees.","causal_attribution":"Police estimate as reported; the counts are beliefs of the investigators."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"会社員の男は１～６月、女優３人に酷似したわいせつ画像計３点をＳＮＳに掲載し、不特定多数が閲覧できるようにした疑い。調べに「女性芸能人を模した画像は閲覧者からの反響が大きく、人気があった。多くの収益を見込めると思った」と容疑を認めている。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The charge covers three obscene images resembling three actresses posted between January and June 2025; police say he admitted it, saying images modelled on female celebrities were popular and he expected to earn a lot.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the charge and the suspect's statement."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"インターネットに無料で公開されている画像生成ＡＩに女優やアイドルらの画像データを学習させ、本人に酷似したわいせつ画像を作成。 ... 画像のモデルにする芸能人を指定させて、希望通りの画像を作成していたという。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police say he trained a freely available image-generation AI on image data of actresses and idols to make obscene images closely resembling them, and let higher-paying viewers name the celebrity to be depicted.","causal_attribution":"The AI generation of the images, as the police describe it."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"同庁によると、画像生成ＡＩで作成された芸能人らに似せたわいせつ画像の摘発は初めてだという。 ... 同庁のサイバーパトロールで発覚した。会社員の男の自宅から押収した端末には、ＡＩの学習用に使ったとみられる約２万１５００点の芸能人らの画像データが見つかった。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police say the case was found through their cyber patrol, that about 21,500 celebrity images believed used to train the AI were found on his seized devices, and that it was the first time they had acted against AI-made obscene images resembling celebrities.","causal_attribution":"Police account."}],"effects":[{"label":"female celebrities depicted without consent in AI-made sexual images sold for viewing fees","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20251016-OYT1T50080/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read in Japanese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-22 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Yomiuri Shimbun report of 16 Oct 2025 (datePublished 2025-10-16T12:02+09:00) relaying the Tokyo police announcement; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"tokyo-police-announcement-oct-2025"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.dailyshincho.jp/article/2025/10250600/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read in Japanese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-22 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Daily Shincho report of 25 Oct 2025, HTTP 200; the page shows only the opening paragraphs, which relay the police account, so it shares the announcement's independence group.","independence_group":"tokyo-police-announcement-oct-2025"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which image-generation tool was used.","Whether any depicted woman was told of the images or responded.","Whether the suspect was indicted or tried, and the outcome."],"geography":{"basis":"The Tokyo Metropolitan Police investigated and made the arrest, and the images were made on the suspect's home computer in Japan and posted on social media and a membership site, so the event country is Japan. The depicted women are described only as actresses, idols and announcers, so their countries are not recorded. No court proceeding is reported in the sources read.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["JP"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the investigating Tokyo police say a man trained a freely available image-generation AI on actresses' and idols' images and made obscene images closely resembling them, three of which, depicting three actresses, are charged; he admitted the charge. Non-consensual sexual depiction is itself the reported harm. No suspect or depicted woman is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The investigating Tokyo police say the suspect trained a freely available image-generation AI on image data of actresses and idols and used it to produce obscene images closely resembling them, about 20,000 images of 262 women by their estimate, including the three charged images resembling three actresses. Devices seized from his home held about 21,500 celebrity images believed used for the training, and police say he admitted the charge. Those generated sexual depictions of real women are the harm. The tool is not named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Tokyo police say a man used generative AI to make about 20,000 sexual images resembling 262 female celebrities and sold access to them","summary":"The Tokyo Metropolitan Police announced on 16 October 2025 that they had arrested a 31-year-old company employee on suspicion of displaying obscene electronic records, for posting on social media obscene images made with image-generation AI to resemble female celebrities. According to the police, from October 2024 he posted about 20,000 AI-made sexual images resembling 262 actresses, idols and announcers and earned about 1.2 million yen in viewing fees; the charge covers three images resembling three actresses posted between January and June 2025. Police say he trained a freely available image-generation AI on the women's images, let higher-paying viewers name the celebrity to be depicted, and admitted the charge. The police described it as the first arrest over AI-made obscene images resembling celebrities.","incidentDate":"2024-10-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-10-16","aiSystem":"A freely available image-generation AI that, according to the Tokyo police, the suspect trained on image data of actresses and idols on his home computer to produce obscene images closely resembling them (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Tokyo police, a man used image-generation AI to make sexual images closely resembling female celebrities without their consent and sold access to them; the charge concerns three actresses and police believe 262 women were depicted.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Three actresses whose likenesses appear in the three charged images (police announcement as reported by the Yomiuri). Police believe images resembling 262 actresses, idols and announcers were posted; beyond the three charged, they are left unquantified. Viewers who paid fees are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"JP","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20251016-OYT1T50080/","primarySourceLabel":"Yomiuri Shimbun, 16 Oct 2025: 芸能人らに酷似のわいせつ画像、生成ＡＩで作成しＳＮＳに掲載疑いで逮捕…１２０万円得たか","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:15:00.340851+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:15:00.340851+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["sexual_deepfake","generative_ai","arrest","japan"]},{"id":"2024-incheon-high-school-student-ai-deepfake-nude-composites-of-teachers-prison-term-and-civil-damages","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"A군은 지난해 7월 인공지능(AI)을 이용한 딥페이크 기술로 고등학교 여교사 2명과 학원 선배·강사 등의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 뒤 SNS에 유포한 혐의로 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"앞서 ㄱ군은 지난해 7월 인공지능을 이용한 딥페이크 기술로 고등학교 여교사 2명과 학원 선배·강사 등의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 뒤 에스엔에스에 유포한 혐의로 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"A군은 지난해 7월 자신이 다니던 고등학교 여교사 2명과 선배·강사 등을 상대로 인공지능(AI)을 이용한 딥페이크 음란물을 제작해 사회소셜네트워크서비스(SNS)에 유포한 혐의로 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the charges as reported, in July 2024, while a high-school student, he used AI-based deepfake technology to composite the faces of two female teachers at his school and of others, including an academy senior and an instructor, onto nude photos, and posted them on social media.","causal_attribution":"The AI attribution comes from the charges as the outlets describe them; he was convicted of editing false video material. The reports do not disclose how the AI use was established or name a tool."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"이 판사는 “A군은 공소사실을 모두 인정하고 반성하고 있으며 형사 처벌을 받은 전력이나 학교생활에 문제를 일으킨 적도 없다”고 설명했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to the Kyunghyang Shinmun, he admitted all the charges at first instance.","causal_attribution":"Not causal."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"인천지법 형사1단독(재판장 이창경)은 27일 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법 위반(허위 영상물 편집 등) 혐의로 기소된 A군(19)에 대한 선고공판에서 장기 1년 6개월, 단기 1년의 징역형을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"인천지법 형사1단독 이창경 판사는 27일 선고 공판에서 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법상 허위 영상물 편집 등 혐의로 기소된 A군(19)에게 단기 1년~장기 1년 6개월의 징역형을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"On 27 August 2025 the Incheon District Court gave him an indeterminate prison term of one year to one year six months for editing false video material and related offences, and he was taken into custody.","causal_attribution":"Not causal; records the legal outcome."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"그 결과 피해 교사는 교단을 떠나 현재까지 복귀하지 못하고 있는 점 등을 종합적으로 고려했다","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the JoongAng Ilbo, the first-instance court said the offence threatened the teachers' physical and mental safety and that as a result the victimised teacher left the classroom and had not returned.","causal_attribution":"The court links the teacher's departure to the offence as a whole, which included illegal filming as well as the composites."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"이후 영상물 조회 수가 1만회에 달하자 여교사 1명의 상반신과 나체 사진을 합성해 자극적인 문구와 함께 올려 불특정 다수가 보게 했다","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to the Kyunghyang Shinmun, the first-instance court said that after his secretly taken photos of two teachers reached about 10,000 views, he posted a composite of one teacher's upper body with a nude photo.","causal_attribution":"Describes the composite as the court summarised it."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"재판부는 \"교사들을 상대로 나체 합성 사진과 자극적인 문구를 함께 SNS에 게시해 인격 살인이라고 할 정도로 죄질이 불량하다\"며 \"교사들의 정신적 충격이 상당하고 전파 가능성이 높은 SNS 특성상 피해 회복도 어렵다\"고 설명했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"인천지법 형사항소3부(재판장 최성배)는 19일 열린 항소심 선고 공판에서 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법상 허위 영상물 편집 등 혐의로 기소된 ㄱ(19)군에게 징역 3년을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 19 December 2025 the Incheon District Court's criminal appeal division sentenced him, now an adult, to three years in prison, calling the offence close to character assassination and the teachers' mental shock considerable.","causal_attribution":"The appeal court describes the harm caused by the composites posted on social media."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"지난 12월 항소심에서 징역 3년을 선고받고 형이 확정됐습니다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"OBS reports that the three-year sentence became final.","causal_attribution":"Not causal."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"인천지법 민사13단독 이상언 판사는 교사 A씨가 B(20)씨를 상대로 낸 7200여만원의 손해배상 청구소송에서 이날 원고 일부 승소 판결을 내렸다. 이에 따라 B씨는 A씨에게 1770만원을 지급해야 한다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"이 판사는 1천770만 원을 A씨에게 지급하도록 B씨에게 명령했습니다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"On 21 October 2026 a civil judge of the Incheon District Court partly upheld a teacher's claim for about 72 million won and ordered him to pay her 17.7 million won.","causal_attribution":"The civil court imposes liability for the harm; the reports do not describe its reasoning."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"교육 당국은 교권보호위원회를 열고 중대한 교육활동 침해가 있다고 판단해 A군을 퇴학 처분했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"인천시교육청은 지난해 교권보호위원회를 열고 중대한 교육활동 침해가 있다고 판단해 A군을 퇴학 처분했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"He was expelled after the education authorities' teachers' rights protection committee found a serious infringement of educational activity.","causal_attribution":"Not causal."}],"effects":[{"label":"teachers depicted in AI deepfake nude composites posted on social media","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"teachers' considerable mental shock, as the appeal court described it","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"},{"label":"victimised teacher left teaching and had not returned, according to the first-instance court","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20251219064251065","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Yonhap News Agency report of the appeal sentencing, 19 December 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"yonhap-19-dec-2025"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1235603.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Hankyoreh report of the appeal sentencing, 19 December 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"hankyoreh-19-dec-2025"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25362042","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. JoongAng Ilbo report of the first-instance sentencing, 27 August 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"joongang-27-aug-2025"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202508271113001","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Kyunghyang Shinmun report of the first-instance sentencing, 27 August 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"kyunghyang-27-aug-2025"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://biz.chosun.com/topics/topics_social/2026/10/21/6T2N34SEKBBNJCXOF7673LQ3TE/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Chosun Biz report of the civil judgment, 21 October 2026, attributed to the Incheon Teachers' Union; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"incheon-teachers-union-21-oct-2026"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.obsnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1541214","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. OBS Gyeongin TV report of the civil judgment, 21 October 2026; HTTP 200, full body read. It does not name its source for the judgment.","independence_group":"obs-21-oct-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","justice","privacy","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how investigators established the AI use.","How many people beyond the two teachers were depicted (the charges say an academy senior and instructor, among others).","Whether either party appeals the civil judgment, and its reasoning.","Which of the two teachers brought the civil suit.","Whether the first-instance court reference to the teacher who left teaching concerns one or both teachers."],"geography":{"basis":"The offending began at the student's high school, where he photographed teachers in class (JoongAng Ilbo; Kyunghyang Shinmun); the Incheon (South Korea) education office expelled him from that school (Kyunghyang Shinmun), so the school and the teachers' workplace are in Incheon; all three judgments were given by the Incheon District Court.","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a student was convicted, on charges reported as using AI deepfake technology, of compositing his teachers' faces onto nude photos and posting them on social media; the courts recorded the teachers' mental shock and a victimised teacher's departure from teaching, and a civil court ordered damages. No name of the student or the teachers appears in the public record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-21"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"According to the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh and the JoongAng Ilbo, the student used AI-based deepfake technology to composite the teachers' faces onto nude photos and posted them on social media; he was convicted of editing false video material and admitted the charges. The generated depictions of the teachers are the harm the courts addressed. The reports do not name the tool or disclose how the AI use was established.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Incheon high-school student jailed for AI deepfake nude composites of his teachers posted online; a civil court later orders him to pay one teacher damages","summary":"In July 2024 a high-school student in Incheon, South Korea, composited the faces of two female teachers at his school and of others, including an academy senior and an instructor, onto nude photos and posted them on social media, according to the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh, the JoongAng Ilbo and the Kyunghyang Shinmun, which describe the technique as AI-based deepfake technology. He had also secretly photographed teachers in class. He was expelled after a teachers' rights committee hearing. On 27 August 2025 the Incheon District Court gave him an indeterminate prison term of one year to one year six months and took him into custody; the court said that as a result the victimised teacher had left teaching and had not returned. On 19 December 2025, after he had turned adult, the appeal division raised the sentence to three years, calling the offence close to 'character assassination' and the teachers' mental shock considerable; OBS reports the sentence is final. On 21 October 2026, according to the Incheon Teachers' Union, a civil judge at the Incheon District Court ordered him, now 20, to pay one teacher 17.7 million won of the roughly 72 million won she claimed.","incidentDate":"2024-07-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-08-27","aiSystem":"AI-based deepfake image compositing, as the charges are described in the reporting (tool not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the charges as reported, a student composited two female teachers' faces and others' onto nude photos with AI deepfake technology and posted them on social media; the courts called the teachers' mental shock considerable, the first-instance court said the victimised teacher had left teaching and not returned, and a civil court later ordered damages to one teacher.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Two female teachers at his school, named in the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh, the JoongAng Ilbo, the Kyunghyang Shinmun and OBS; he admitted all charges (Kyunghyang). The charges also cover others, 'an academy senior and instructor, etc.' (Yonhap; JoongAng), whose number is not given, so they are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20251219064251065","primarySourceLabel":"Yonhap News Agency, 19 December 2025: appeal sentence for student who made deepfake sexual images of teachers","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-21T03:08:50.515019+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-21T03:08:50.515019+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["sexual_deepfake","teachers","school","criminal_conviction","civil_damages","south_korea"]},{"id":"2024-italy-tv-satire-show-ai-deepfakes-of-journalist-mentana-privacy-regulator-warns-broadcaster","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'per alcuni servizi di Striscia la Notizia, nei quali l’immagine e la voce di Enrico Mentana erano state manipolate mediante l’impiego di sistemi di intelligenza artificiale.'; 'Nei filmati venivano attribuite al noto giornalista dichiarazioni mai pronunciate, mentre la sua immagine era collocata virtualmente nello studio televisivo dell’emittente per la quale lavora.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'servizi costruiti prendendo come spunto fatti che hanno coinvolto diversi personaggi pubblici e accompagnandoli con commenti di vario genere pronunciati dal deepfake del reclamante doppiato con sistemi di intelligenza artificiale'; 'è stata utilizzata l’immagine reale del reclamante, ripresa peraltro all’interno dello studio televisivo da cui il medesimo dirige un telegiornale di fascia serale, alterandone la genuinità attraverso un doppiaggio effettuato con strumenti tali da non rendere chiaramente percepibile l’esistenza della predetta alterazione'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Striscia la Notizia aired segments in which the image and voice of journalist Enrico Mentana were manipulated with AI systems, attributing to him statements he never made while placing his image in the studio of the channel he works for.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's findings in its decision and press release; R.T.I. itself describes computer-generated dubbing."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'nella puntata di venerdì 8 novembre manderà in onda un servizio che vedrà protagonista Enrico Mentana, ma in versione deepfake, ovvero con voce e immagini generati dall’intelligenza artificiale.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A preview published on 8 November 2024 describes a Striscia la Notizia segment airing that evening in which a deepfake Mentana, with voice and images generated by AI, commented on a game show.","causal_attribution":"A press preview of the programme; it establishes that such segments aired from at least November 2024, not which segments the complaint listed (the decision redacts their dates)."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'moltissime persone hanno creduto che i video, prodotti da Striscia la Notizia e divulgati sul mezzo televisivo e sui social, fossero reali'; 'rivelano come molte persone siano convinte che le dichiarazioni siano autentiche, determinando con ciò una gravissima lesione dell’onore, della reputazione e della propria professionalità'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Mentana complained to the Garante that many people believed the videos were real and that users' insulting comments showed serious harm to his honour, reputation and professionalism.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's submissions as recorded in the decision."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'il realismo delle immagini, la scarsa percepibilità dell’alterazione e la plausibilità delle dichiarazioni avrebbero potuto indurre il pubblico a ritenere autentici i contenuti. Anche le avvertenze sulla natura artificiale dei video non sono state ritenute sufficientemente chiare'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'amplificando altresì il rischio di farne veicolo di disinformazione per il pubblico, come confermato dai numerosi messaggi di scherno e/o di offesa ricevuti via social dal reclamante'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Garante found that the content could lead the public to consider it authentic, that the warnings were not sufficiently clear, and that the real studio setting amplified the risk of disinformation, as confirmed by the numerous mocking or offensive messages Mentana received on social media.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's findings; the regulator's reference to the messages rests on material in the complaint."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il Garante ha quindi accertato la violazione dell’articolo 5 del GDPR'; 'ha adottato nei confronti di R.T.I. Spa un provvedimento di ammonimento e ha vietato l’ulteriore utilizzo dei dati di Enrico Mentana con le modalità contestate'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'dispone il divieto di ulteriore trattamento dei dati del reclamante con le modalità sopra descritte, eccettuata la mera conservazione degli stessi ai fini di un loro eventuale utilizzo in sede giudiziaria'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Garante found breaches of GDPR Articles 5 and 25, warned R.T.I. and prohibited further processing of Mentana's data in the contested way, except retention for judicial use.","causal_attribution":"The dispositive part of the decision."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'l’unica attività realizzata da R.T.I. è stata quella di disporre, con riguardo ai predetti filmati, il doppiaggio del dott. Mentana, con voce diversa dalla sua, attraverso appositi sistemi informativi'; 'la finalità dei servizi oggetto di reclamo è quella di esercitare il diritto di satira ricorrendo all’imitazione del reclamante'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"R.T.I. argued that its only intervention was dubbing licensed footage with a different, computer-generated voice, that the segments were satire, and that disclaimers made clear it was not the real Mentana speaking.","causal_attribution":"The broadcaster's submissions as recorded in the decision; the Garante did not accept them."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI deepfake segments attributing invented statements to a journalist","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"mocking or offensive messages and risk to reputation found by the regulator","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10281135","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Garante press release of 7 August 2026; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"garante-privacy"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10281021","kind":"official_record","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Garante decision of 23 July 2026 (doc. web 10281021), read in full; dates and names of counsel are redacted as XX; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"garante-privacy"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://dilei.it/spettacolo/striscia-la-notizia-enrico-mentana-svela-il-vero-volto-stefano-de-martino/1587080/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. DiLei entertainment preview, 8 November 2024; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"dilei-8-nov-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which segments the complaint covered and when they aired; the decision redacts the dates.","Which AI tools were used.","Whether R.T.I. challenged the decision in court and what measures it reported to the Garante."],"geography":{"basis":"The segments were aired by R.T.I. (Reti Televisive Italiane) on Striscia la Notizia and investigated by Italy's data protection authority; the depicted person is the director of La7's news bulletin. His country of residence is not stated. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): Italy's data protection authority found that a broadcaster's AI deepfakes of a journalist could be taken as authentic, noted the offensive messages he received, warned the broadcaster and barred further use. The journalist is a public figure who brought the complaint and is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Italy's data protection authority, after an investigation of the complaint, states that the journalist's image and voice were manipulated with AI systems in the segments and that statements he never made were attributed to him; the broadcaster told the authority it dubbed the footage with a computer-generated voice. The authority found the content could be taken as authentic and cited the mocking or offensive messages he received, which is the reported harm.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Italy's privacy regulator warns broadcaster R.T.I. and bars further use of AI deepfakes of journalist Enrico Mentana in Striscia la Notizia segments","summary":"The satirical television programme Striscia la Notizia, published by R.T.I., aired segments in which the image and voice of the journalist Enrico Mentana, director of La7's news bulletin, were, according to the Garante, manipulated with AI systems so that he appeared in his own studio making statements he never made (its decision describes real footage from his studio altered by AI dubbing); a November 2024 preview describes one such segment. After Mentana complained, Italy's data protection authority (Garante) found on 23 July 2026 that the realism of the images, the low perceptibility of the alteration and the plausibility of the statements could lead the public to think the content authentic, and that the disclaimers were not clear enough. It found breaches of GDPR Articles 5 and 25, issued a warning to R.T.I. and prohibited further processing of his data in that way. The Garante noted the numerous mocking or offensive messages he received on social media. R.T.I. argued that the segments were satire, that it only dubbed licensed footage with a computer-generated voice, and that its disclaimers made the deepfake evident. No fine was imposed.","incidentDate":"2024-11-08","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-08-07","aiSystem":"AI systems used by the programme to manipulate the journalist's image and voice (the Garante); R.T.I. describes computer-generated dubbing of licensed footage. No product is named.","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Italy's data protection authority found that AI deepfakes of a journalist on a satirical TV programme could be taken as authentic and noted the numerous mocking or offensive messages he received; it warned the broadcaster and barred further use.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the journalist depicted in the deepfakes, whose complaint the Garante upheld (decision 10281021). Viewers are an audience and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10281135","primarySourceLabel":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, press release, 7 August 2026: stop to satirical deepfakes of Enrico Mentana","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:08:22.075012+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:08:22.075012+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","voice_synthesis","television","satire","data_protection_authority","gdpr"]},{"id":"2024-beijing-internet-court-ai-synthesised-voice-of-older-parenting-educator-in-book-sales-videos-company-liable","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年，某文化公司为销售家庭育儿类图书，委托带货主播制作短视频开展商业推广。'; '主播发布的多条宣传视频中'; '公开演讲、授课的画面片段'; '同时配置AI合成音频'; '用户点击视频跳转链接，可直接进入该文化公司店铺购买图书。'; '在教育、育儿领域具有一定知名度'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'在“带货主播利用AI技术实施侵权案”中，商家未经许可合成老年人声音用于商业宣传，该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In 2024 a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host to make promotional short videos; several videos used clips of the plaintiff's public lectures with AI-synthesised audio closely resembling the plaintiff's voice, linked viewers to the company's shop, and were not authorised by the plaintiff.","causal_attribution":"The facts are the court's account in its 16 October 2026 release, relayed by The Paper (detail) and China News Service (the vice-president's summary). Both depend on the same release, so the claim is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法院审理认为，判断AI合成声音是否构成对自然人声音权益的侵害，核心在于能否识别特定自然人。'; '本案中文化公司未对素材授权情况进行审查，存在过失，与带货主播构成共同侵权，据此判决该文化公司赔礼道歉，并赔偿经济损失及维权合理支出。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的，构成对其人格权益的侵害；委托方未尽审查注意义务的，承担连带责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Beijing Internet Court held that the AI-synthesised voice, used with the plaintiff's image and public profile, was identifiable as the plaintiff's and infringed the plaintiff's portrait and voice rights; it found the company, which had not checked the material's authorisation, jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and compensate economic losses and reasonable costs.","causal_attribution":"The ruling is attributed to the court as relayed from its release; the judgment text was not read, so the claim is reported rather than documented. The court's finding establishes the infringement for the purposes of the case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'在北京互联网法院10月16日发布的涉老年人网络侵权典型案例中'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'这是记者16日从北京互联网法院涉老年人网络侵权案件审理情况新闻发布会上获悉的。'; '已出现非法使用AI技术深度合成老年人肖像或声音用于不当目的的情形'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court released the case on 16 October 2026 at a press conference on online infringement cases involving older people, and said that AI deep synthesis of older people's portraits or voices for improper purposes has appeared in such cases.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the same press conference."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice imitated by AI-synthesised audio and image used without consent in sales videos; court found portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered compensation (court account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. The Paper's report of a case from the Beijing Internet Court's 16 October 2026 release of typical cases on online infringement involving older people ('据通报').","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/10-16/10715820.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service report of the same Beijing Internet Court press conference, quoting the court's vice-president.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The judgment date, the amounts awarded and whether the host was a party to the suit.","The tool used to synthesise the voice, the platform, and the number of videos and viewers.","The text of the judgment; both reports rest on the court's release.","How the court established that the audio was AI-synthesised; the reports do not give the technical basis."],"geography":{"basis":"The Beijing Internet Court decided the case. The reports anonymise the parties and do not say where the company or host was based, where the videos were published or where the plaintiff lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): according to the Beijing Internet Court's account, a sales host's promotional videos used AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice without consent, and the court found the commissioning company jointly liable and ordered an apology and compensation. One reporting chain (the court's release, read in two outlets); the parties are anonymised by the court.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's account, relayed by The Paper, says the host's videos set clips of the plaintiff's lectures to AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, and the court decided the case as an AI-synthesised voice infringement; China News Service quotes the court's vice-president describing the merchant's unauthorised synthesis of the older person's voice. The AI output is the synthesised voice imitating the plaintiff (depicted_or_impersonated), which the court found identifiable and infringing. The tool is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court says a sales host's videos for a book company used an older parenting educator's AI-synthesised voice without consent; company liable","summary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, released on 16 October 2026 among typical cases on online infringement involving older people, a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host in 2024 to make promotional short videos. The videos used clips of public lectures and classes given by an older person with some public profile in education and parenting, combined with AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled that person's voice, and linked viewers to the company's shop. Neither the images nor the audio had been authorised. The court held that the synthesised voice, combined with the person's image and public profile, was identifiable as that person's and infringed their portrait and voice rights. The company had not checked whether the material was authorised, so the court found it jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and to compensate economic losses and reasonable costs of the claim. The amounts, the judgment date and the tool are not reported.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-16","aiSystem":"AI-synthesised audio, made with a tool the court account does not name, whose timbre, intonation and speech rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, set over clips of the plaintiff's public lectures in a livestream sales host's promotional short videos (court account)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice was used without consent, with clips of the educator's lectures, to sell books; the court found the person's portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered the commissioning company to apologise and compensate economic losses and costs.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the plaintiff whose voice and image the court found were used without authorisation (court account relayed by The Paper). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper, 16 October 2026: court case on AI-cloned voice of an older person used in livestream book sales","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","portrait-rights","livestream-selling","court-ruling","older-people","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-man-ai-fake-nude-images-of-female-relatives-27-months-jail","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'He also used AI to create fake nude images of other female relatives and shared some of them with his cousin.'; 'Investigations also found that the man had used AI to create fake nude images of his relatives.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A man used AI to create fake nude images of female relatives and shared some of them with a male cousin.","causal_attribution":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News, reports this as a finding of the investigation; no court record was inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'who was also involved in creating and distributing the AI-generated images.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The cousin who received some of the images was also involved in creating and distributing the AI-generated images.","causal_attribution":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News; no outcome for the cousin is reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'including secret recordings of female relatives showering and other AI-generated nude images.'; 'made another police report on Jan 22.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A family member found AI-generated nude images, together with secret recordings of female relatives showering, on another phone the man had borrowed after his release on bail, and made a further police report.","causal_attribution":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'after pleading guilty to four of 10 charges involving the taking, distribution and possession of intimate images.'; 'The remaining charges were taken into consideration for sentencing.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'被判坐牢两年三个月'; '他日前承认其中四项，其余控状交由法官下判时一并考虑。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The man was sentenced to 27 months’ jail after pleading guilty to four of ten charges involving the taking, distribution and possession of intimate images, with the remaining charges taken into consideration.","causal_attribution":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News; the report does not say which charges concerned the AI-made images."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A man secretly filmed his wife and other female relatives while they were showering, then shared their nude images with other people.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Separately from the AI images, the man secretly filmed family members showering and sent screenshots and images to other men.","causal_attribution":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News. These recordings were not AI-made and are context for the case."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Another female relative said the incident left her depressed and unable to eat or sleep properly.'; 'stopped posting photos of herself or her family online.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'这起事件让她陷入抑郁，难过得寝食难安。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"One female relative said the incident left her depressed and unable to eat or sleep properly, and she stopped posting photos of herself or her family online.","causal_attribution":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News; the report does not say whether this relative was among those depicted in the AI images."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the court ordered that the media not publish any information that could identify them'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'法官令媒体不得报道任何会泄露其身份的资料，包括被告名字。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court ordered that the media not publish any information that could identify the victims, including the man’s name.","causal_attribution":"Stomp and the Lianhe Zaobao summary of the Shin Min report (one chain)."}],"effects":[{"label":"female relatives were depicted without consent in AI-made fake nude images that a family member created and shared with a cousin","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.stomp.sg/trending-now/man-films-wife-and-mother-showering-sends-fake-nudes-female-relatives-cousin-gets-27-months-jail","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200); no translation was involved and no human reviewer read the article. Stomp (Singapore Press Holdings community news site) attributes the account to Shin Min Daily News, which was not read; Stomp and Shin Min form one reporting chain. A Mothership report of 3 October 2026 on the same sentencing appeared in a Google News feed but could not be located on the publisher site and was not read.","independence_group":"shinmin-stomp-sg-relatives-images"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/singapore/story20261003-9777995","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200) and translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator or reviewer was involved. Lianhe Zaobao summary of the Shin Min Daily News report of 3 October 2026, filed under its Singapore news section; it refers readers to the full Shin Min print report and does not itself mention the AI images. Same reporting chain as Stomp.","independence_group":"shinmin-stomp-sg-relatives-images"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["How many relatives were depicted in the AI images and which of them were harmed; the report uses the plural without a number.","When the AI images were made; the report dates the secret filming to 2024 and the discovery of the second phone after the man’s release on bail.","Which of the charges concerned the AI-made images, and the court and sentencing date.","Any outcome for the cousin who helped create and distribute the AI images.","Which AI tool was used."],"geography":{"basis":"Neither inspected body names the country, the court or the place of the offences. Stomp and Lianhe Zaobao file the report as local news, but a publisher or its section does not establish a country, so none is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News, reports that investigations found a man used AI to create fake nude images of female relatives and shared some with a cousin who helped make and distribute them, and that he was jailed for 27 months on intimate-image charges. Non-consensual sexual depiction is the harm. A court order bars identifying the victims, so no ages, names or specific relationships of the depicted relatives are given here.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-06"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Stomp, citing Shin Min Daily News, reports that investigations found the man used AI to create fake nude images of his female relatives, that he shared some with a male cousin who was also involved in creating and distributing the AI-generated images, and that AI-generated nude images were among the material later found on a phone he had borrowed. The AI tool generated the nude depictions of the relatives, which is the harm counted here. The secret shower recordings in the same case were not AI-made. No tool is named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Man who used AI to make fake nude images of female relatives, alongside secret shower recordings, jailed 27 months, outlet reports","summary":"Stomp reported on 4 October 2026, citing Shin Min Daily News, that a man was sentenced to 27 months’ jail after pleading guilty to four of ten charges involving the taking, distribution and possession of intimate images. According to the report, he secretly filmed female family members showering from 2024 and shared images with other men, and investigations also found that he used AI to create fake nude images of female relatives. He shared some of the AI images with a male cousin, who was also involved in creating and distributing them. AI-generated nude images and secret recordings were found on another phone he had borrowed after his release on bail, and a family member made a further police report. One female relative said the incident left her depressed and unable to eat or sleep properly. The court barred the media from publishing information that could identify the victims, including the man’s name.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-04","aiSystem":"An unnamed AI tool used to create fake nude images of the man’s female relatives, per Stomp citing Shin Min Daily News","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Female relatives were depicted without consent in AI-made fake nude images that a man created and shared with a cousin, according to Stomp citing Shin Min Daily News; he was jailed for 27 months on intimate-image charges that also covered secret shower recordings.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"The report says the man used AI to create fake nude images of \"other female relatives\" and of \"his relatives\" without giving a number, so no reliable count of the depicted relatives exists and the numeric zero is a placeholder. Family members harmed only by the non-AI secret recordings are not counted here.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.stomp.sg/trending-now/man-films-wife-and-mother-showering-sends-fake-nudes-female-relatives-cousin-gets-27-months-jail","primarySourceLabel":"Stomp, 4 October 2026: Man films wife and mother showering, sends fake nudes of female relatives to cousin, gets 27 months’ jail","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-06T03:23:16.720676+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T03:23:16.720676+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-nude-images","image-based-sexual-abuse","family","criminal-sentence","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-pontevedra-three-minors-ai-undress-app-fake-nudes-of-two-classmates-ruling-upheld","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Sobre las 20.30 horas del día 15 de enero de 2024, en la localidad de Pontevedra'; 'se registraron en la aplicación Undress Up, utilizando para ello el móvil y una cuenta de Gmail de uno de ellos, e hicieron montajes de fotos sexuales de dichas menores, empleando la Inteligencia Artificial'; 'fueron capturadas de las historias que ellas mismas subían a Instagram'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'utilizaron la aplicación Undress App para manipular fotografías que las jóvenes habían publicado en Instagram'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the ruling as reported, on 15 January 2024 three boys, then 15, registered with an AI undressing app and used it to make sexual photo montages of two female classmates from photos the girls had posted on Instagram.","causal_attribution":"Facts found by the court, as reported by two outlets; the ruling was not read and the app name differs between the reports."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Al día siguiente, uno de ellos, estando en clase, exhibió las imágenes generadas con IA a otros dos compañeros.'; 'otro de los ahora condenados exhibió las imágenes de las dos niñas alteradas con IA a otros cuatro amigos.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'destaca que las imágenes circularon durante más de quince días entre alumnos del colegio.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The boys showed the AI-generated images to other pupils, in class and during a school trip on 1 February 2024, and the images circulated among pupils for more than fifteen days.","causal_attribution":"Facts found by the court, as reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'El Juzgado de Menores declaró a los tres autores de dos delitos contra la integridad moral y les impuso cinco meses de tareas socioeducativas.'; 'deberán indemnizar con 1.000 euros a cada una de las dos víctimas por el daño moral causado.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'les impuso dos penas de cinco meses de tareas socioeducativas a cada uno de ellos'; 'deberán indemnizar con 1.000 euros a cada una de las víctimas por los daños morales causados'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Juzgado de Menores found the three responsible for two offences against moral integrity, imposed socio-educational tasks on each (reported as two five-month measures by Diario de Pontevedra and as five months by Faro de Vigo) and ordered €1,000 compensation to each of the two girls for moral damage.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported; the judgment was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra ha confirmado íntegramente la condena impuesta a tres menores'; 'es firme, por lo que contra ella no cabe recurso.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'la sentencia que acaba de suscribir (y otorgarle firmeza) la Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra rejected one boy's appeal and confirmed the judgment in full, and the ruling is final.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'los tres menores fueron objeto de un procedimiento corrector en el centro escolar, que les impuso la sanción de expulsión de 15, 21 y 30 días, en cada caso.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The school expelled the three boys for 15, 21 and 30 days.","causal_attribution":"As reported from the ruling."}],"effects":[{"label":"two classmates were depicted in AI-generated fake nude images shown to other pupils","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.diariodepontevedra.es/articulo/pontevedra/condenan-tres-menores-pontevedra-crear-desnudos-companeras-clase-ia/202610011859211470177.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Researcher translation. Quotes the Audiencia Provincial ruling at length.","independence_group":"audiencia-pontevedra-ruling-2026-10"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.farodevigo.es/pontevedra/2026/10/01/tres-menores-pontevedra-crean-exhiben-134900086.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200; dated 1 Oct 2026 19:51). Researcher translation. Summarises the same ruling, so it is grouped with s1 as one chain resting on one court document.","independence_group":"audiencia-pontevedra-ruling-2026-10"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The exact name of the app (Undress Up in one report, Undress App in the other) and who operates it.","How the girls learned of the images and what effects they themselves describe.","Whether the images spread beyond the pupils named in the ruling.","The date of the first-instance judgment.","Whether each boy received one or two five-month socio-educational measures (the reports differ)."],"geography":{"basis":"The ruling, as reported, places the creation and showing of the images in the town of Pontevedra (Galicia, Spain) and concerns pupils of a school there. The Juzgado de Menores and the Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra are Spanish courts.","court_countries":["ES"],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["ES"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case: according to two regional reports describing a final court ruling, an AI undressing app was used to depict two schoolgirls in fake nude images that were shown to other pupils. All parties are minors and none is identified; no image content is described beyond what is needed.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Both reports say the ruling found that the boys used an AI app to turn the girls' Instagram photos into fake nude images, and Diario de Pontevedra quotes the ruling as saying they used artificial intelligence. The images depicted the girls (depicted_or_impersonated). The ruling was not read directly, and the app's name differs between the two reports.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Pontevedra, Spain: court upholds sentences on three 15-year-olds who used an AI undressing app to make fake nude images of two classmates from their Instagram photos and showed them to other pupils","summary":"Diario de Pontevedra and Faro de Vigo reported on 1 October 2026 that the Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra had upheld a juvenile-court judgment against three boys who, aged 15 in January 2024, used an AI undressing app to turn photos two female classmates had posted on Instagram into fake nude images. According to the ruling as reported, the images were made from 15 January 2024 and shown to other pupils in class and on a school trip on 1 February 2024, and they circulated among pupils for more than fifteen days. The Juzgado de Menores found the three responsible for two offences against moral integrity and imposed socio-educational tasks on each (two five-month measures according to Diario de Pontevedra, five months according to Faro de Vigo), plus €1,000 compensation to each girl for moral damage. The school had expelled them for 15, 21 and 30 days. The appeal ruling is final.","incidentDate":"2024-01-15","incidentEndDate":"2024-02-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-01","aiSystem":"An AI undressing app that the ruling, as quoted by Diario de Pontevedra, calls Undress Up (Faro de Vigo: Undress App), used to generate fake nude images from photos taken from Instagram","aiProduct":"Undress Up app (reported)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Two female classmates were depicted in AI-generated fake nude images that three boys made from their Instagram photos and showed to other pupils, the images circulating for more than fifteen days; a court ordered €1,000 compensation to each for moral damage (ruling as reported by Diario de Pontevedra and Faro de Vigo).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two girls, the classmates whose photos were turned into fake nude images. The judgment orders compensation to each of the two victims, and both reports describe two girls. The pupils who were shown the images are not counted. Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.farodevigo.es/pontevedra/2026/10/01/tres-menores-pontevedra-crean-exhiben-134900086.html","primarySourceLabel":"Faro de Vigo, 1 October 2026: Tres menores de Pontevedra crean y exhiben falsos desnudos de dos compañeras de clase con IA","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-04T03:29:26.66868+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T03:29:26.66868+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","ai-generated-imagery","ncii","minor","school","nudify-app","spain","pontevedra","court-ruling","spanish-language"]},{"id":"2024-seoige-ai-deepfake-sexual-image-galway-west-election","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Broadcaster Gráinne Seoige has said that sexualised images of her made with deepfake technology have left her deeply traumatised.'; 'Ms Seoige was alerted by people close to her of the circulation of such images while she was standing as a candidate in the Galway West constituency in the 2024 general election.'; '\"I’ve had to deal with the shame and humiliation of this for almost a year and a half,\" she said. \"It has been deeply traumatising.\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'During the campaign, explicit deepfake images of her were created using AI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'she recalls how she became the victim of deepfake pornography created using AI while canvassing for election in 2024.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Gráinne Seoige says that while she was a candidate in Galway West in the 2024 general election she was alerted to the circulation of sexualised images of her made with deepfake technology, that the experience was the most shocking of her life and deeply traumatising, and that she has dealt with shame and humiliation for almost a year and a half.","causal_attribution":"Her own account in successive interviews and statements (one account-holder, so not independent corroboration). The creator and tool are unknown."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ms Seoige said the image of her was disseminated through WhatsApp, owned by Meta, and that when gardaí became aware people were in possession of the image, they sought information about its origin.'; 'Rather than cooperate, she said, some recipients refused to share that information.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Ms Seoige will say that her case “hit a dead end” and “even though the AI-generated pornographic image of me was shared hundreds, if not thousands, of times across WhatsApp'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"She says the AI-generated image was disseminated through WhatsApp, by her account shared hundreds if not thousands of times, and that when gardaí sought its origin some recipients refused to cooperate, so her case hit a dead end.","causal_attribution":"Her own account; the sharing figure is her estimate. No Garda statement was read."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Grainne Seoige has told of experiencing nightmares of being attacked after AI deepfake images of her circulated online.'; 'The Galway native often had night terrors of \"faceless men coming by and just ripping my clothes off as they pass me.\"'; '\"I went through a period where I just wore a long puffer coat everywhere I went.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Since then she has had nightmares in which faceless men attack her.'","relation":"context","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"In a September 2026 interview she described night terrors of faceless men tearing her clothes off and a period when she wore a long puffer coat everywhere so that nobody could see her body.","causal_attribution":"Her own account, relayed by RSVP from a Sunday Independent interview that was not itself read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'What we know after Gráinne Seoige appears before Oireachtas committee urging action on sexualised AI deepfakes'; 'Gráinne Seoige has urged TDs and senators to act against AI-generated sexualised deepfakes'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'The creation and dissemination of deepfake explicit images will be the “abuse scandal of the 21st century if we do not act now”, television presenter Gráinne Seoige is set to tell TDs and senators.'","relation":"context","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In January 2026 she appeared before an Oireachtas committee and urged TDs and senators to act against AI-generated sexualised deepfakes.","causal_attribution":"The Irish Independent report of her appearance (headline and opening read); the Examiner item is a preview of her prepared statement."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I found it deeply humiliating. It was such an attack on my dignity. It made me feel incredibly vulnerable, distrusting of people, it made me not want to go outside. I moved away from my home. I have terrible nightmares of faceless men coming by and just ripping my clothes off as they pass me.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'It made me not want to go outside. I moved away from my home. It was such an attack on my dignity.'; 'It made me feel incredibly vulnerable. Distrusting of people. I have terrible nightmares.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"In passages from her documentary quoted on 4 October 2026, she says she found the image deeply humiliating and an attack on her dignity, that it made her feel incredibly vulnerable and distrusting of people and not want to go outside, that she moved away from her home, and that she has terrible nightmares of faceless men.","causal_attribution":"Her own account in the documentary, as quoted before broadcast by RSVP Live and the Irish Sun; the documentary was not viewed. One account-holder, so not independent corroboration."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I was shown this image in September or October 2024, and I haven’t seen it since.'; 'weeps on camera as she sees the horrendous image'; 'right now I feel like I could vomit, looking at it again'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"She says in the documentary that she was shown the image in September or October 2024 and had not looked at it since; the Irish Sun reports that she weeps on camera on seeing it again and says she felt she could vomit.","causal_attribution":"Her own account and the Irish Sun's description of the documentary, which was not viewed."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I’ve had to have therapy to deal with all this'; 'People make fun of it.'; 'previously told how she wore a face mask at the shops after the image was circulated online'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"She says she has had therapy to deal with the experience and that people make fun of it; the Irish Sun also reports that she previously said she wore a face mask at the shops after the image circulated.","causal_attribution":"Her own account as quoted by the Irish Sun; no clinical record is cited."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I spent the rest of that day knocking on doors in Connemara'; 'I had to sit down in the family kitchen and tell my father and mother.'; 'It completely destabilises your sense of safety in the world.'; 'hyper vigilant the whole time, which is exhausting'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'I had to sit down in the family kitchen and tell my father and mother'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"She says that on the day she was told about the image she spent the rest of the day knocking on doors in Connemara wondering whether each man who answered had seen it, that she had to tell her father and mother, and that the experience destabilised her sense of safety and left her hypervigilant.","causal_attribution":"Her own account in the documentary, as quoted before broadcast by RSVP Live and the Irish Sun; the documentary was not viewed. One account-holder, so not independent corroboration."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'This was done for a very specific reason. It was politically motivated.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'she says helped to scupper her election chances'; 'meant she wouldn’t recommend a woman to run for public office'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'because it surfaced at a time when she was standing for election for Fianna Fáil in Galway West'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"She says the image was made for a very specific reason and was politically motivated; the Irish Sun reports that she says it helped to scupper her election chances and that she told an Oireachtas committee she would not recommend that a woman run for public office.","causal_attribution":"Her own belief about motive and effect; the maker is unidentified and no finding on motive or on the election result is reported."},{"id":"c10","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Grainne contacted Gardai and also went to'; 'parent company, and the media regulator, Coimisiun na Mean, as she fought to get justice'; 'no one was ever prosecuted for creating the fake image'; 'nothing could be done to find where the picture originated from given WhatsApp’s encryption'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The Irish Sun reports that she contacted gardaí, Meta and the media regulator Coimisiún na Meán, that no one was ever prosecuted for creating the image, and that she spoke of powerlessness because the origin of the picture could not be found given WhatsApp's encryption.","causal_attribution":"The Irish Sun's summary; no Garda, Meta or regulator statement was read."},{"id":"c11","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'airs Monday, 5 October at 9 pm on Virgin Media PLAY and Virgin Media One'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'which airs on Virgin Media One at 9pm tomorrow'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'Deepfake Ireland with Gráinne Seoige, Monday, Virgin Media One, 9pm'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"The documentary, Deepfake Ireland with Gráinne Seoige, was scheduled to air on Virgin Media One at 9pm on Monday 5 October 2026, and The Irish Times reviewed it that day.","causal_attribution":"Broadcast listing as reported on 4 and 5 October 2026; the review is dated 5 October."},{"id":"c12","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'of Dublin-based technology company Ceartas, where she discovers that further images taken from her Instagram account have been manipulated by deepfake software. This is news to Seoige, who is understandably appalled.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"The Irish Times review reports that in the documentary she meets a representative of a Dublin-based technology company, Ceartas, and discovers that further images taken from her Instagram account have been manipulated by deepfake software, which was news to her.","causal_attribution":"The reviewer's description of the film; how many images were found, when they were made and whether they circulated are not reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"deeply traumatised, with lasting shame and humiliation, after a sexualised deepfake image of her circulated during her election campaign","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"recurring nightmares of being attacked and a period of hiding her body under a long coat","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"did not want to go outside and moved away from her home, by her account","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"},{"label":"learned during filming that further images from her Instagram account had been manipulated with deepfake software","claim_id":"c12","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.rte.ie/news/primetime/2026/0114/1552987-grainne-seoige/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"rte.ie returned 403 on 2026-09-28 and again on 2026-10-05; read in full through the Internet Archive id_ capture (re-read 2026-10-05 from the capture of 6 May 2026). Report of her Prime Time interview (13 January 2026 edition).","independence_group":"seoige-own-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-41779358.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-28 and re-read live on 2026-10-05 (20 January 2026). Reports her prepared statement to the Oireachtas media committee; the committee transcript was not read.","independence_group":"seoige-own-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.rsvplive.ie/news/celebs/grainne-seoige-experienced-nightmares-being-37707633","kind":"news_relay","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"rsvplive.ie returned 202 with an empty body; the same article (RSVP, Michelle Townsend, 27 September 2026) was read in full through the MSN content API. It relays her interview with the Sunday Independent, which was not readable (independent.ie 403, Archive 404). Re-read through the MSN content API on 2026-10-05.","independence_group":"seoige-own-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/what-we-know-after-grainne-seoige-appears-before-oireachtas-committee-urging-action-on-sexualised-ai-deepfakes/a/125585403.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"independent.ie returned 403 on 2026-09-28; the headline and opening paragraph (Maeve McTaggart, 21 January 2026) were read through a reader relay by the second researcher (bodies/verify-seoige-indo-oireachtas.txt); the remainder is paywalled and was not read. Separate group: the paper's own report of her committee appearance, used only for that fact. independent.ie returned 403 again on 2026-10-05; not re-read, the 2026-09-28 extract is relied on.","independence_group":"independent-ie-oireachtas"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.rsvplive.ie/news/celebs/grainne-seoige-said-deepfake-images-37725097","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full on 2026-10-05 through the MSN content API, which carries the RSVP article (reporter byline, timestamp 3 October 2026 23:01 UTC, 4 October Irish time) and names this address as its source. Quotes her statements in the documentary before broadcast.","independence_group":"seoige-own-account"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.thesun.ie/tv/17711501/grainne-seoige-deepfake-ireland-ai-abuse-tears-nightmares/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full on 2026-10-05 from the publisher's own REST endpoint for this post (the article page returned a device-verification screen). The Irish Sun, 4 October 2026 08:00. Quotes her statements in the documentary before broadcast and adds the paper's own summary of the Garda outcome. Same account-holder as the other sources, so the same group.","independence_group":"seoige-own-account"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio/2026/10/05/deepfake-ireland-on-virgin-media-grainne-seoiges-distress-in-this-grim-film-is-palpable/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full on 2026-10-06 from irishtimes.com (HTTP 200). A television review published on 5 October 2026, the broadcast date, describing the documentary's content; it relays her statements in the film, so it shares her account's group.","independence_group":"seoige-own-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["Who made the image and with which tool.","The exact dates of creation and circulation within the 2024 campaign; she says she was shown the image in September or October 2024.","Whether any Garda investigation remains open; no arrest or charge is reported, and the Irish Sun says no one was ever prosecuted for creating the image.","Whether she has received a clinical diagnosis: none is stated in the sources read.","Where she moved from and to, and when; she says only that she moved away from her home.","What Meta and Coimisiún na Meán did in response to her approaches.","Whether the broadcast matched the version reviewed: the film was not viewed for this record, and its content comes from two preview reports of 4 October and The Irish Times review of 5 October 2026.","How many further manipulated images were found during filming, who made them, when, and whether they circulated."],"geography":{"basis":"The image circulated while she was a candidate in the Galway West constituency in the 2024 Irish general election and she reported it to An Garda Síochána (RTÉ; Irish Examiner). RSVP calls her a Galway native. No court proceedings are reported. She describes canvassing in Connemara on the day she was told (RSVP Live, 4 October 2026).","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IE"],"affected_person_countries":["IE"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): an AI-generated sexualised image depicting Ms Seoige, a public figure, circulated during her 2024 election campaign, and she has described its effects on the record in interviews, to an Oireachtas committee and in a documentary. The account is hers and the creator is unidentified. No sexual imagery is described beyond its nature. Updated on 2026-10-06 from The Irish Times review of the documentary, which reports that she learned during filming of further deepfake manipulations of images from her Instagram account; the added claim is reported and attributed to the review.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-06"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"RTÉ reports sexualised images of her 'made with deepfake technology', and the Irish Examiner reports her statement that 'the AI-generated pornographic image of me' was shared hundreds, if not thousands, of times on WhatsApp. The Irish Times review describes her as the victim of deepfake pornography created using AI and reports that further images from her Instagram account were manipulated by deepfake software. The generated image depicts her and its circulation is the source of the shame, nightmares and withdrawal she describes. The tool and maker are unknown and no forensic finding is reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Galway West, Ireland: broadcaster Gráinne Seoige says an AI-generated sexual deepfake image of her circulated on WhatsApp during her 2024 election campaign","summary":"Gráinne Seoige, a broadcaster who stood for Fianna Fáil in Galway West in Ireland's 2024 general election, told RTÉ's Prime Time in January 2026 that people close to her alerted her during the campaign to sexualised images of her made with deepfake technology. She says the AI-generated pornographic image was disseminated through WhatsApp, shared hundreds if not thousands of times by her account, and that when gardaí sought its origin some recipients refused to cooperate, so the investigation hit a dead end. She kept silent during the campaign and has described the experience as deeply traumatising, with shame and humiliation lasting almost a year and a half. In a September 2026 interview relayed by RSVP Live from the Sunday Independent she described night terrors of faceless men tearing her clothes off and wearing a long puffer coat everywhere so her body could not be seen. She has since appeared before the Oireachtas media committee (Irish Independent, 21 January 2026), and made a Virgin Media documentary on deepfake abuse, scheduled for broadcast on 5 October 2026. In passages from it quoted by RSVP Live and the Irish Sun on 4 October 2026 she says she was shown the image in September or October 2024, that it made her not want to go outside, that she moved away from her home and that she has had therapy; she also says she believes the image was politically motivated. The Irish Times, reviewing the documentary on 5 October 2026, reports that in it she learns from a Dublin technology company that further images taken from her Instagram account have been manipulated with deepfake software, which was news to her. The tool used to make the image and the person who made it are not identified.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-14","aiSystem":"An unidentified generative-AI or deepfake tool used to make a sexualised image of a real person (described as 'made with deepfake technology' by RTÉ and as an 'AI-generated pornographic image' in her Oireachtas statement reported by the Irish Examiner); the tool and its maker are not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Ms Seoige says the circulation of an AI-generated sexualised image of her during her 2024 election campaign left her deeply traumatised, with lasting shame and humiliation and recurring nightmares of being attacked, and that the Garda investigation could not identify those responsible (her accounts to RTÉ Prime Time, the Oireachtas committee via the Irish Examiner, and the Sunday Independent via RSVP Live). In passages from her documentary quoted by RSVP Live and the Irish Sun on 4 October 2026 she says it made her not want to go outside, that she moved away from her home and that she has had therapy. The Irish Times review of the documentary (5 October 2026) reports that during filming she learned that further images from her Instagram account had been manipulated with deepfake software.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One depicted person, Gráinne Seoige, who describes her own experience (RTÉ; Irish Examiner; RSVP Live). The other victims she says she has spoken to are separate experiences and are not counted. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IE","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.rte.ie/news/primetime/2026/0114/1552987-grainne-seoige/","primarySourceLabel":"RTÉ News, 14 January 2026: Gráinne Seoige: Sexualised deepfake images left me traumatised","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-28T03:31:40.162359+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T03:05:33.997291+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","non-consensual-intimate-imagery","ireland","galway","election","whatsapp","public-figure","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-netherlands-mrdeepfakes-74-year-old-prosecuted-deepfake-sex-videos-public-figures","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Managers en woordvoerders van verschillende slachtoffers bevestigen aan de NOS dat zij aangifte hebben gedaan of dat zij juridische stappen overwegen'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'BBB-leider Caroline van der Plas, die bij Humberto zei dat de video voelt als \"digitale verkrachting\"'; '\"Ik doe geen aangifte voor mezelf, maar om nieuwe, jonge slachtoffers te voorkomen.\"'; 'Erachter komen dat ik in een deepfake pornovideo zit, was misselijkmakend.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'De zaak kwam in maart 2024 aan het licht. Vrouwelijke politici, olympische sporters, presentatrices en leden van het Koninklijk Huis doken op in gemanipuleerde pornovideo's'; 'Tientallen vrouwen deden aangifte.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In March 2024 a large number of Dutch women in public life, including presenters and politicians, were found to appear in manipulated pornographic videos on an online platform; dozens filed complaints and several described the harm publicly.","causal_attribution":"AD's 2024 investigation as reported by NOS, with victims' public statements."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Op zijn computer en andere gegevensdragers werden beelden aangetroffen van ongeveer zestig bekende Nederlanders en politici'; 'Naar aanleiding daarvan deden meer dan twintig mensen aangifte. De Noord-Hollander zou volgens het AD de meest actieve Nederlandse gebruiker van het platform zijn geweest'; 'Sommige video's werden tienduizenden keren bekeken'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'De man kwam in beeld door onderzoek naar het beruchte platform MrDeepFakes. Dat leidde tot meer dan twintig aangiftes'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Images of about sixty well-known Dutch people and politicians were found on the suspect's computer and data carriers; AD's investigation into MrDeepFakes led to more than twenty complaints; according to AD he had been the platform's most active Dutch user, and some videos were viewed tens of thousands of times.","causal_attribution":"AD's reporting of the OM's findings, relayed by NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland; one chain."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Het Openbaar Ministerie gaat een 74-jarige man uit Noord-Holland vervolgen voor het maken van deepfakeporno van tientallen bekende Nederlandse vrouwen. Dat bevestigt een woordvoerder van het OM'; 'Na ruim een jaar onderzoek heeft justitie besloten hem voor de rechter te brengen'; 'De man riskeert een celstraf van maximaal twee jaar'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Het Openbaar Ministerie (OM) heeft na ruim een jaar onderzoek besloten de man voor de rechter te brengen'; 'De 74-jarige man kan daarvoor maximaal twee jaar gevangenisstraf krijgen'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After more than a year of investigation the OM decided to prosecute a 74-year-old man from Noord-Holland for making deepfake porn of dozens of well-known Dutch women; the maximum sentence is two years' imprisonment.","causal_attribution":"OM spokesperson to NOS (after AD's report) and to AD (relayed by NH Nieuws); two chains for the decision itself."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Zij zegt tegen het AD opgelucht te zijn dat de zaak voor de rechter komt. Volgens haar heeft zij zelf ervaren welke impact dergelijke nepbeelden kunnen hebben.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"One of the presenters reported to be among the depicted said she was relieved the case would come to court, having experienced the impact of such fake images herself.","causal_attribution":"Her statement to AD as relayed by NH Nieuws."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Meerdere vrouwelijke bekende Nederlanders overwegen juridische stappen omdat zij zijn opgedoken in gemanipuleerde pornovideo's. Deze video's staan op een online platform met maandelijks 13 miljoen bezoekers, schrijft het AD'; 'Nederlandse artiesten, tv-presentatrices, olympische sporters, (oud-)ministers, burgemeesters en leden van het Koninklijk Huis voorkomen'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'De video's stonden op een online platform met maandelijks 13 miljoen bezoekers'","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"AD reported that the platform had 13 million monthly visitors and that the depicted people included Dutch artists, television presenters, Olympic athletes, current and former ministers, mayors and members of the royal family.","causal_attribution":"AD's 2024 investigation, relayed by NOS; one chain."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hij is op de hoogte van het besluit, zegt het OM tegen de krant'; 'De website waar de video's op stonden, werd opgericht en gerund door een Canadees uit Toronto. Hij verwijderde eerder al beelden op verzoek van het OM en blokkeerde de website voor Nederlandse IP-adressen'; 'De Canadees wordt niet vervolgd. Wat hij deed, was in Canada niet strafbaar. En het Nederlandse Openbaar Ministerie gaat niet proberen om hem naar Nederland te halen. Dat zou te veel politiecapaciteit vergen, laat het OM weten aan het AD.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'De verdachte zit niet vast. Het is nog niet bekend wanneer de zaak inhoudelijk voor de rechter komt'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The suspect has been informed of the decision and is not in custody; no hearing date is known. The platform's founder-operator, a Canadian from Toronto who had removed images at the OM's request and blocked Dutch IP addresses before the site went offline, will not be prosecuted because his conduct was not punishable in Canada and the OM will not try to bring him to the Netherlands.","causal_attribution":"OM statements to AD, relayed by NOS and NH Nieuws; one chain."}],"effects":[{"label":"dozens of women in Dutch public life depicted without consent in pornographic deepfake videos on a platform AD said had 13 million monthly visitors; complaints filed; public statements of harm","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"a 74-year-old man to be prosecuted after more than a year of investigation, facing up to two years' imprisonment","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2631746-om-gaat-74-jarige-man-vervolgen-voor-maken-deepfakeporno-van-bn-ers","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (HTTP 200; published 2026-09-20 12:26). An OM spokesperson confirmed the prosecution decision to NOS after AD's reporting; NOS adds its own 2024 reporting and the OM's position on the platform operator. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"nos-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/363601/om-vervolgt-74-jarige-man-uit-noord-holland-voor-deepfake-seksvideos","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (NH Nieuws, published 2026-09-20 15:35 CEST (13:35 UTC)). Relays AD's report (which spoke to an OM spokesperson): devices, 'about sixty' people, more than twenty complaints, most active Dutch user, a presenter's reaction. AD itself answered 403. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"ad"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.hartvannederland.nl/tech/nieuws/artikelen/man-rechter-deepfake-seksvideos-bners","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (Hart van Nederland, published 2026-09-20 11:43). Relays AD; grouped with s2. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"ad"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2513371-vrouwelijke-bn-ers-overwegen-aangifte-vanwege-deepfake-pornovideo-s","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (NOS, 19 March 2024). NOS's own 2024 report on the AD revelations, with confirmations from victims' managers and the minister's reaction. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"nos-2024"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2513552-wel-of-niet-zeggen-dat-je-in-een-neppornovideo-zit-bn-ers-worstelen-ermee","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read live in Dutch on 2026-09-21 (NOS, 20 March 2024). Own reporting with victims' public statements and a quote given to NOS. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"nos-2024"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/gepensioneerde-man-74-wordt-vervolgd-voor-maken-deepfake-seksvideos-van-zestig-bners~aa272972/","kind":"news_report","access":"unavailable","language":null,"translation_note":"Original AD report of 19 September 2026; the live page answered HTTP 403 (DPG paywall) and the Internet Archive CDX service was offline on 2026-09-21. Its contents are known only through s2, s3 and s1. The 19 September date rests on Google News feed metadata, not on the body.","independence_group":"ad"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When the videos were made and over what period; the tools used.","The exact number of depicted people and of complainants ('about sixty'; 'more than twenty').","The charges' legal basis and whether distribution as well as creation is charged; no hearing date.","The suspect's identity beyond age and province is not reported and is not sought here.","The AD original could not be read; its details are known through relays.","The range start (19 March 2024) is the date the videos' existence was publicly revealed and complaints began; the videos were made and posted at unreported earlier dates. The range end (19 September 2026) is the date the prosecution decision was reported; the OM's decision date is not stated."],"geography":{"basis":"The suspect is from Noord-Holland and the videos were made at his home (NH Nieuws citing AD); the depicted people are Dutch public figures; the platform was operated from Toronto (NOS). The prosecution decision is by the Dutch OM; no hearing has been scheduled, so no court country is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["NL"],"affected_person_countries":["NL"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an image-based abuse case affecting identifiable people, with harm described publicly by several of the depicted women and a prosecution decision confirmed by the Public Prosecution Service to NOS. Five Dutch bodies read (two NOS chains and the AD relay chain); the AD original is unavailable. Depicted people who spoke publicly are quoted in locators but not named in the record; the suspect is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-21"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"NOS, NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland describe the videos as deepfakes in which the faces of known women were placed on pornographic footage, and the OM's prosecution, as confirmed to NOS, is for making deepfake porn (Hart van Nederland says he is suspected of making and distributing the videos); the specific tools are not identified in any inspected source.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Netherlands: the Public Prosecution Service will prosecute a 74-year-old man from Noord-Holland for making deepfake sex videos of dozens of Dutch public figures, including presenters, politicians and a member of the royal family (images of about sixty people were found on his devices), after the 2024 revelations about the MrDeepFakes platform","summary":"In March 2024 the newspaper AD revealed that a large number of Dutch women in public life, including artists, television presenters, Olympic athletes, current and former ministers, mayors and members of the royal family, appeared in manipulated pornographic videos on an online platform with 13 million monthly visitors, later identified as MrDeepFakes. Dozens of women filed police complaints and several spoke publicly: one presenter said she was preparing a complaint, a party leader said the video felt like 'digital rape', another presenter said she would file a complaint 'because tomorrow it could happen to young girls of sixteen', a presenter-entrepreneur did so 'to prevent new, young victims', and a member of parliament, told of a video by the House security service, went public rather than 'keep it small'. On 19 and 20 September 2026 AD, and the Public Prosecution Service (OM) confirming to NOS, reported that after more than a year of investigation the OM will prosecute a 74-year-old man from Noord-Holland, who is not in custody, for making the videos (Hart van Nederland, citing AD, says he is suspected of making and distributing them); images of about sixty well-known Dutch people and politicians were found on his devices, AD reported that he had been the platform's most active Dutch user, and he faces up to two years' imprisonment. The platform's Canadian operator, who removed material at the OM's request and blocked Dutch IP addresses before the site went offline, will not be prosecuted. One of the presenters reported to be among the depicted told AD she was relieved the case would go to court, having experienced the impact of such images herself. No hearing date has been set.","incidentDate":"2024-03-19","incidentEndDate":"2026-09-19","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-03-19","aiSystem":"Face-swap deepfake video tools (not identified); videos published on the MrDeepFakes platform","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Dozens of women in Dutch public life (images of about sixty people were found on the suspect's devices) were depicted without consent in pornographic deepfake videos, some viewed tens of thousands of times; those who spoke publicly described the experience as sickening and as 'digital rape', and one was advised by parliamentary security to stay silent (NOS 2024; NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland citing AD, 2026). The 2026 prosecution decision is the consequence for the alleged maker.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":20,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"NH Nieuws and Hart van Nederland, citing AD, report that the MrDeepFakes investigation led to more than twenty complaints ('meer dan twintig aangiften'), a documented lower bound of 20 depicted complainants; images of about sixty well-known people were found on the suspect's devices, but 'ongeveer zestig' is approximate and not all are confirmed as depicted victims. Documented minimum 20.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2631746-om-gaat-74-jarige-man-vervolgen-voor-maken-deepfakeporno-van-bn-ers","primarySourceLabel":"NOS, 20 September 2026: OM gaat 74-jarige man vervolgen voor maken deepfakeporno van BN'ers (OM spokesperson confirms after AD's report)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-21T04:11:25.939553+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:46.470563+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ncii","sexual-deepfake","mrdeepfakes","public-figures","politicians","royal-family","prosecution","netherlands","noord-holland","depicted"]},{"id":"2026-strahler-ohio-ai-deepfake-cyberstalking-take-it-down-act","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'sentenced last week in U.S. District Court to 180 months in prison'; 'pleaded guilty in April to cyberstalking, producing obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse and publication of digital forgeries'; 'the first in the Nation under the Take It Down Act'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'sentenced Sept. 8 in U.S. District Court in Columbus to 15 years in prison'; 'first in the nation to be convicted under a 2025 federal law'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Chief U.S. District Court Judge Sarah D. Morrison handed down the 180-month sentence to 37-year-old James Strahler II on Tuesday'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"On 8 September 2026 James Strahler II was sentenced in U.S. District Court in Columbus to 180 months (15 years) after pleading guilty in April 2026 to cyberstalking, producing obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse and publication of digital forgeries; the U.S. Attorney described it as the first conviction under the Take It Down Act.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome reported by the prosecuting office and two independent local newsrooms."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'used to harass at least six women in central Ohio between December 2024 and June 2025'; 'nude images of the victims that were both real and AI-generated'; 'used AI to create pornographic videos depicting one of the women engaged in sexual acts with her father'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'harass at least six adult female victims from December 2024 to June 2025'; 'generated pornographic videos using AI that depicted an adult victim in sexual acts with her father and sent those videos to the victim's co-workers'; 'threatened victims' mothers, demanding nude photos'; 'voicemails that included threats of rape'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'sent harassing messages to at least six women'; 'distributed those videos to the victim's coworkers or family members'; 'threaten rape'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Between December 2024 and June 2025 Strahler harassed at least six adult women in central Ohio with messages containing real and AI-generated nude images of them, threatened rape, referred to their addresses, threatened their mothers, and in one case sent AI-generated pornographic videos depicting a victim with her father to her co-workers.","causal_attribution":"Prosecutors' account of the offending, reported by three local newsrooms; the defendant pleaded guilty."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'posted online AI-generated images of the faces of boys from his community that he would morph onto the bodies of other children or adults'; 'more than 700 images'; '2,400 images and videos on his cell phone were flagged'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'using the faces of minor boys from his community and morphing them onto the bodies of other children or adults'; 'more than 700 images'; '2,400 more flagged images and videos'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Strahler also posted AI-generated sexual images of minor boys from his community, morphing their faces onto other bodies; more than 700 images were posted to a child sexual abuse website and about 2,400 further explicit files were found on his phone.","causal_attribution":"Prosecutors' account; part of the guilty plea to producing obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse."}],"effects":[{"label":"at least six women harassed with real and AI-generated nude images and rape threats; AI videos of one sent to her co-workers; boys depicted in AI abuse imagery","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://highlandcountypress.com/headlines/columbus-man-sentenced-15-years-prison-cyberstalking-exes-creating-ai-generated-obscene","kind":"official_statement_republished","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18. Verbatim republication (16 Sep 2026) of the U.S. Attorney's Office, Southern District of Ohio press release; the justice.gov original (usao-sdoh/pr/columbus-man-sentenced-15-years-prison-cyberstalking-exes-creating-ai-generated) returns only a 1.5 kB shell to this host.","independence_group":"usao-sdoh"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/courts/2026/09/08/james-strahler-sentenced-to-15-years-in-prison-for-ai-generated-porn/91664055007/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 (Columbus Dispatch, Shahid Meighan, 8 Sep 2026; served from the eu.dispatch.com mirror). Court reporting drawing on the USAO and court records.","independence_group":"dispatch"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.10tv.com/article/news/crime/columbus-man-15-years-cyberstalking-creating-ai-generated-obscene-material/530-f3a9a6c2-cf42-4011-a757-e65a624f8b9f","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy (WBNS 10TV, 8 Sep 2026). Adds the Hilliard Police investigative history from court records.","independence_group":"10tv"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/man-sentenced-to-15-years-in-federal-prison-for-cyberstalking-creating-ai-deepfakes-us-district-court-judge-sarah-d-morrison-james-strahler-ii-take-it-down-act-nonconsensual-project-safe-childhood","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy (WSYX ABC6, 8 Sep 2026). Names the sentencing judge and the threats to victims' mothers.","independence_group":"abc6"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The exact number of adult victims beyond 'at least six' and the number of boys depicted are not stated.","The AI tools used are not named in any inspected source.","Whether restitution or protective orders were imposed is not reported.","The status of the earlier local (state) charge is not reported."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: central Ohio (Columbus/Upper Arlington, Hilliard, Delaware County) per the USAO release and Dispatch. Victims are described as women in central Ohio. Court: U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Columbus.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact and impersonation case: identified adult women and local boys were depicted in AI-generated sexual imagery used for harassment and threats, a federal court sentenced the perpetrator, and four sources (the prosecuting office's release and three independent local newsrooms) were read. Victims are unnamed; the perpetrator is named in the court record and press.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-18"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The defendant pleaded guilty to publication of digital forgeries and producing obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse; prosecutors and the court record describe AI-generated nude images and AI-made videos of victims and AI-morphed images of boys. The AI tools depicted the affected people; they did not communicate with them.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Columbus, Ohio: a man was sentenced to 15 years for cyberstalking at least six women with real and AI-generated sexual images and rape threats, the first conviction under the Take It Down Act","summary":"Between December 2024 and June 2025 James Strahler II, then 37, of Columbus (Upper Arlington), Ohio, harassed at least six women in central Ohio by phone, voicemail, text and web posts, sending them nude images that were both real and AI-generated, threatening rape, referring to their home addresses and demanding nude photos from their mothers. In one case he used AI to make pornographic videos depicting a victim with her father and sent them to her co-workers. He also posted AI-generated sexual images of boys from his community, morphing their faces onto other bodies. Prosecutors said he had installed more than 24 AI platforms and more than 100 web-based AI models on his phone. He pleaded guilty in April 2026 to cyberstalking, producing obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse and publication of digital forgeries, and on 8 September 2026 Chief U.S. District Judge Sarah D. Morrison sentenced him to 180 months in prison. The U.S. Attorney called it the first conviction in the nation under the 2025 Take It Down Act.","incidentDate":"2024-12-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-06-30","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-08","aiSystem":"Generative AI image and video tools (not named; prosecutors said more than 24 AI platforms and over 100 web-based AI models were installed on the defendant's phone)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"At least six women were sexually harassed and threatened with rape using real and AI-generated nude images of themselves, with AI videos of one victim sent to her co-workers; victims' mothers were threatened, and boys from the defendant's community were depicted in AI-generated sexual abuse imagery posted online. The perpetrator received 15 years in federal prison.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":6,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Prosecutors said Strahler harassed 'at least six' adult women (Dispatch, 10TV, ABC6). Their mothers, who were threatened, and the minor boys whose faces were used in AI-generated abuse imagery are additional harmed people without a stated count. Six counted plus unquantified others: partial.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://highlandcountypress.com/headlines/columbus-man-sentenced-15-years-prison-cyberstalking-exes-creating-ai-generated-obscene","primarySourceLabel":"U.S. Attorney's Office, Southern District of Ohio press release (republished by the Highland County Press, 16 Sep 2026): Columbus man sentenced to 15 years for cyberstalking exes and creating AI-generated obscene material of adults and children","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-18T03:25:07.926173+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:55.061125+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-generated-imagery","ncii","cyberstalking","take-it-down-act","sextortion","united-states","ohio","criminal-conviction","depicted"]},{"id":"2024-incheon-teacher-deepfake-student-sentence","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'인천지법 형사1단독(부장판사 이창경)은 16일 선고공판에서... A(10대)군에게 장기 2년, 단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고했다'; '40시간의 성폭력 치료 프로그램 이수와 아동·청소년 관련 기관 취업제한 5년'; '도주 우려 등을 이유로 A군을 법정구속했다'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'장기 2년∼단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고하고 법정 구속했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'장기 2년, 단기 1년6개월의 징역형을 선고하고 법정 구속했다. 소년법상 만 19세 미만 미성년자에게는... 부정기형이 내려진다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 16 September 2026 the Incheon District Court (Criminal Division 1, Judge 이창경) sentenced the teenage defendant to an indeterminate term of 2 years maximum / 1 year 6 months minimum for violating the Sexual Violence Punishment Act (editing and distributing false sexual images), ordered 40 hours of treatment and a five-year child-institution employment ban, and detained him in court.","causal_attribution":"Sentence reported identically by three outlets from the sentencing hearing."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024년 8월 인공지능을 이용해 교사 5명의 얼굴을 나체사진에 합성한 뒤 사회관계망서비스(SNS)에 유포한 혐의'; '모두 11명의 허위영상물을 35차례 제작'; ''지인 능욕'을 테마로 한 텔레그램 대화방'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'2024년 8월 인공지능(AI) 기술을 이용해 교사와 학생들의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 혐의'; '교사 5명과 함께 태권도 학원에 다닌 여중생 등 총 11명을 대상으로 35차례에 걸쳐 합성물을 제작, 텔레그램 '지인 능욕' 대화방 등에 유포'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'2024년 인천의 한 중학교에 재학하던 중 딥페이크 기술을 이용해 교사 등 20여명의 얼굴을 나체 사진과 영상에 합성한 뒤 SNS에 유포한 혐의' (the prosecution's figure of about twenty).","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In 2024, while a middle-school student in Incheon, he used AI deepfake technology to composite the faces of five teachers and six female middle- and high-school students from his taekwondo academy onto nude photographs and videos, 35 productions of 11 people in all, and distributed them in Telegram 'acquaintance humiliation' chat rooms.","causal_attribution":"Court findings as reported; the 11-in-35 count is Hankyoreh's and Munhwa's, and Newsis's 'about twenty' is the prosecution's charge description."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'자신의 담임교사에게 \"연락처와 사진이 지워졌다\"고 속여 사진을 받아내는 등 치밀하게 범행을 준비한 것으로 조사됐다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"He obtained his homeroom teacher's photographs by telling her that his contacts and photos had been deleted.","causal_attribution":"Investigation finding reported by Munhwa Ilbo only."},{"id":"c4","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"Judge: '반포한 교사 5명의 합성 사진과 영상물에는 피해자의 얼굴이 그대로 드러나 있고 실명, 나이, 학교, 교과목도 명시돼 있다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Judge: '피해 교사들의 얼굴뿐 아니라 실명, 학교, 휴대전화 번호까지 명시해 반포했다'; '피해자들이 장기간 심리치료를 받는 등 상당한 트라우마를 겪고 있는 점'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"Judge: '피해교사들은 말할 수 없는 충격을 받고 트라우마를 겪고 있으며 A군의 엄벌 탄원하고 있다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'합성물에는 피해 교사의 얼굴뿐 아니라 이름과 나이, 학교, 담당 교과목이 적혀 있었고 일부에는 휴대폰 번호와 인스타그램 아이디도 담겼다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The distributed images showed the teachers' faces together with their real names, ages, schools, subjects and phone numbers, and the court found the teachers are suffering considerable trauma and receiving long-term psychological treatment.","causal_attribution":"The judge's sentencing remarks as reported by three outlets; phone numbers appear in Munhwa's and Hankook Ilbo's accounts; Hankook Ilbo adds Instagram IDs on some."},{"id":"c5","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'A군은 지역교권보호위원회가 열리기 일주일 전 자퇴해 학교 차원의 별다른 징계 처분은 받지 않았다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'피해 교사들은 올해 1월에야 피해 사실을 인지했으나, A 군은 교권보호위원회가 열리기 전 자퇴해 학교 측의 징계를 피했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'ㄱ군은 교권보호위원회가 열리기 전 자퇴해 징계 처분을 받지 않았다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"He withdrew from school a week before the regional teachers'-rights protection committee met and received no school discipline; the teachers learned of the images only in January 2026.","causal_attribution":"The withdrawal is reported by all three; the January 2026 discovery by Munhwa only."},{"id":"c6","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'검찰이 구형한 부정기형 장기 3년6개월∼단기 2년은... 그러나 이날 선고는 검찰 구형에도 미치지 못했다'; the superintendent's pledge.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'인천교사노동조합은 입장문을 내고... 이번 선고에 깊은 유감을 표한다'; the superintendent: '법적·심리 치료 지원과 함께... 예방교육도 강화하겠다'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Incheon Teachers' Union expressed regret that the sentence fell below the prosecution's request of 3 years 6 months to 2 years; the superintendent of education attended and pledged legal and psychological support and prevention education.","causal_attribution":"Statements reported by two outlets."},{"id":"c7","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'22일 인천교사노조에 따르면 교사 A씨 등 2명은 최근 학생 졸업사진 촬영과정에서 학교로부터 함께하자는 요구를 받았다.'; 'A씨 등은 전근 사유를 밝히지 않아 지금 학교는 피해사실을 모르는 것으로 전해졌다. 사정을 밝히지 못한 A씨 등은 결국 사진을 촬영했다.'; 'B군은 A씨 등 교사·학생 11명의 사진으로 성착취물을 제작·유포했으며 16일 장기 2년~단기 1년6개월의 징역을 선고받았다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'딥페이크 성범죄 피해 교사 2명이 옮긴 고등학교에서'; '피해 사실을 밝히지 않으면 촬영에 응해야 하고, 거부하려면 피해 사실을 설명해야 하는 분위기 속에서 결국 사진을 찍을 수밖에 없었다고 호소했다'; '이들 교사 2명은 2024년 발생한 10대 A군의 딥페이크 성범죄 피해 교사 5명에 포함된 피해자들이다.'; '사진 촬영과 게재가 교직원의 자율적 선택에 따라 이뤄질 수 있도록 하는 절차를 마련하라'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"On 22 September 2026 the Incheon Teachers' Union said two of the five victim teachers in this case, who had transferred to other schools without disclosing the reason, were recently asked by their new schools to join graduation-album photo sessions and took the photographs because refusing would have required explaining the victimisation; the union asked the education office to make staff photo sessions a voluntary choice.","causal_attribution":"The union's statement of 22 September as reported by two separately bylined outlets, each of which ties the two teachers to this sentenced case; Hankook Ilbo frames it as a tip received by the union. Not independently confirmed by the schools."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'등의 말로 촬영 압박을 받았다는 제보가 접수됐다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'거절 사유를 밝히지 않도록 강제하는 제도망을 갖추도록 요구했다'; '강요 분위기도 일지 않도록 대책을 강구하겠다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Hankook Ilbo reports the union as saying the pressure came with remarks such as 'let's leave memories' and 'don't spoil the mood' at the high schools the two teachers had moved to, while Kyeonggi Ilbo attributes such remarks to an atmosphere in some schools generally; Kyeonggi Ilbo also reports the union's demand that reasons for refusal need not be disclosed, and an education-office official's reply that the office would devise measures to ensure thorough consent procedures and prevent a coercive atmosphere.","causal_attribution":"Union and education-office statements as reported by each outlet."}],"effects":[{"label":"teachers and students depicted in AI-composited sexual images distributed with their names, schools and phone numbers; long-term trauma treatment","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"two victim teachers pressed into graduation-album photographs at their new schools because refusing would have meant disclosing the deepfake victimisation (union account, 22 September 2026)","claim_id":"c7","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260916_0003791674","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T10:51+09:00; Incheon bureau reporter 이루비; '종합' consolidated report). Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"newsis"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1278039.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T11:00+09:00). Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"hani"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.munhwa.com/article/11617393","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-16T10:51+09:00). Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"munhwa"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.kyeonggi.com/article/20260922580361","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-23 (Kyeonggi Ilbo, 박기웅, 22 September 2026 15:43; a Daum copy is identical): the Incheon teachers' union's account that two victim teachers were asked to join graduation-photo sessions after transferring. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"kyeonggi-ilbo"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.hankookilbo.com/news/article/A2026092210370000589","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-23 (Hankook Ilbo, 이환직, 22 September 2026 14:04): the union's statement of the same day and its demands to the education office. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"hankook-ilbo"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI tool used is not named; the written judgment was not inspected.","The number of people depicted differs between the prosecution's charge description (about twenty, per Newsis) and the court reporting (eleven); eleven is used as the documented minimum.","When the distribution began and ended within 2024 and whether the additional indicted conduct extended later are not stated; the record uses August 2024 with month precision and no end date.","Whether either side appeals, and the outcome of any separate proceedings against the Telegram room operators, are not reported.","Earlier coverage of the arrest or indictment was not inspected; the reported_date is the sentencing coverage.","Korean bodies were read by the model without human bilingual review.","Which schools pressed the two teachers is not reported; the education office said it would devise measures (Kyeonggi Ilbo), and whether graduation-album procedures changed is not reported."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: an Incheon middle school and a taekwondo academy in Incheon (Newsis: '인천의 한 중학교'); victims are Incheon teachers and students; court: Incheon District Court.","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a criminal judgment: a court found that AI deepfake images of five teachers and six students were made and distributed with identifying details, and described the victims' ongoing trauma. Three separately bylined Korean outlets were read. The defendant is a minor and unnamed in the sources and here; no victim is named; the superintendent, union chair and judge are public officials. Updated 2026-09-23 with the union's report that two victim teachers were pressed into graduation-album photographs at their new schools (Kyeonggi Ilbo, Hankook Ilbo); the two teachers are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Three outlets report the court's findings that the images were made with AI deepfake (image-compositing) technology and the conviction under the false-sexual-image provisions; the specific tool is not named. The Korean bodies were read by the model; no written judgment was inspected.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Incheon, South Korea: teenager sentenced to up to two years for AI deepfake sexual images of five teachers and six students, distributed on Telegram with the victims' names and schools","summary":"On 16 September 2026 the Incheon District Court sentenced a teenage defendant to an indeterminate term of two years (maximum) to one year six months (minimum) under the Sexual Violence Punishment Act for making and distributing false sexual images, ordered a 40-hour treatment programme and a five-year ban on working with children, and took him into custody in court. As a middle-school student in Incheon in 2024 he had used AI deepfake technology to composite the faces of five teachers, including his homeroom teacher whom he tricked into sending photographs, and six female middle- and high-school students from his taekwondo academy onto nude images and videos, 35 productions in all, and distributed them in Telegram 'acquaintance humiliation' chat rooms with the victims' real names, ages, schools, subjects and, per two reports, phone numbers (Hankook Ilbo adds Instagram IDs on some). The teachers learned of the images only in January 2026; the court said they are receiving long-term psychological treatment. He had withdrawn from school a week before the teachers'-rights committee met, avoiding school discipline. The Incheon teachers' union called the sentence, below the prosecution's request, regrettable.","incidentDate":"2024-08-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-16","aiSystem":"AI deepfake image-compositing tools (not named in the inspected court reporting)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Five teachers and six students had their faces composited by AI onto nude images and videos that were distributed on Telegram with their real names, ages, schools, subjects and phone numbers; the court found the teachers are suffering considerable trauma and receiving long-term psychological treatment.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":11,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Hankyoreh and Munhwa Ilbo both report 11 people (five teachers and six students) in 35 composites, as found by the court; Newsis reports the prosecution's charge sheet as 'about twenty', which is not used as a count. Eleven is the documented minimum.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260916_0003791674","primarySourceLabel":"뉴시스 (Newsis), 16 September 2026, Incheon bureau: sentencing report with the judge's reasons, the superintendent's and the union's statements","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-16T03:16:35.128819+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:52.00163+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","south-korea","incheon","teachers","minors","telegram","criminal-sentence","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-valencia-spain-deepfake-school","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'began investigating in December last year after a female student reported the creation of a social media account in her name that featured an AI-generated video'; '\"All these photos had been modified from the originals, which had been manipulated so that the people in them appeared completely naked\"'; 'a webpage devoted to advertising the images for commercial purposes'; 'After 15 other minors came forward with similar complaints'; 'a 17-year-old boy was being investigated on suspicion of corrupting minors'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"From December 2024 a girl in the Ribera Alta area reported fake accounts in her name with an AI-generated video and AI-manipulated nude photos of minors, plus a webpage advertising the images commercially; 15 other minors complained; the Guardia Civil traced the accounts to a 17-year-old schoolmate, now investigated for corrupting minors under a Valencia youth court.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil statement as reported by the Guardian; single chain."}],"effects":[{"label":"16 minors depicted in AI-generated nude images and videos on fake accounts, one impersonated by name, images advertised for sale","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/27/spanish-teenager-investigated-ai-generated-nude-videos","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-18 (The Guardian, 27 July 2025). Reports and quotes the Guardia Civil's statement of 27 July 2025; the Spanish original of the statement was not read.","independence_group":"guardian"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The outcome of the youth-court proceeding is not known.","The AI tools and the platforms hosting the accounts are not named.","Whether any images were actually sold is not stated."],"geography":{"basis":"Guardia Civil officers in the Ribera Alta area of Valencia province investigated; the victims are the suspect's schoolmates there; a youth court in Valencia oversees the case (Guardian).","court_countries":["ES"],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["ES"]},"publication":{"basis":"Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case involving identified (unnamed) depicted minors, an impersonation and a police investigation under a youth court. One chain read; claims recorded as reported. Original ID and first-publication timestamp preserved; incident date corrected to the first complaint.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-18"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Guardia Civil statement, as quoted by the Guardian, describes AI-generated videos and AI-modified photos and a website advertising AI image-modification services; no forensic detail is published. The artifacts depicted the minors and impersonated one girl by name.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Ribera Alta, Valencia: a 17-year-old was investigated for making AI-generated nude images and videos of 16 schoolmates, impersonating a girl on fake accounts and advertising the images for sale","summary":"In December 2024 a female student in the Ribera Alta area of Valencia province reported to the Guardia Civil that a social-media account had been created in her name featuring an AI-generated video, and later a second account in her name, other accounts showing AI-generated nude videos, and a webpage advertising the images for commercial purposes; the Guardia Civil said the photos, all of minors, had been manipulated so that the people in them appeared completely naked. After 15 other minors came forward with similar complaints, officers traced IP addresses and account emails to the home of a 17-year-old schoolmate, who is being investigated on suspicion of corrupting minors under a Valencia youth court. The Guardia Civil announced the investigation on 27 July 2025.","incidentDate":"2024-12-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-07-27","aiSystem":"AI image and video manipulation tools (not named; police examined a website advertising AI image-modification services)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Sixteen minors were depicted in AI-generated nude images and videos published on fake accounts, with one girl also impersonated by name, and the images were advertised for sale; a schoolmate is under youth-court investigation.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":16,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One complainant plus 15 other minors who came forward with similar complaints (Guardian, quoting the Guardia Civil): exact count of 16 depicted minors.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/27/spanish-teenager-investigated-ai-generated-nude-videos","primarySourceLabel":"The Guardian, 27 July 2025: Spanish teenager investigated over AI-generated nude videos of 16 schoolmates (Guardia Civil statement)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-03-09T05:45:25.741735+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:20.032625+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-generated-imagery","minors","school","impersonation","spain","valencia","guardia-civil","youth-court","depicted"]},{"id":"2025-holmen-norway-gdpr","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Vienna, 20.03.2025'; 'noyb is representing the complainant under Article 80(1) GDPR'; '58(2)(d) GDPR to order the respondent to delete the defamatory output on the'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'noyb has therefore filed a complaint with the Norwegian Datatilsynet'; 'noyb is asking the Datatilsynet to order OpenAI to delete the defamatory output and fine-tune its model to eliminate inaccurate results'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 20 March 2025 noyb filed a complaint against OpenAI with Norway's data protection authority, Datatilsynet, representing Holmen, and asked it to order OpenAI to delete the defamatory output and fine-tune its model, and suggested a fine.","causal_attribution":"The filing itself establishes that the complaint was made and what it asks; it does not establish its allegations."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Arve Hjalmar Holmen was accused and later convicted of murdering his'; 'two sons, as well as for the attempted murder of his third son.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'A Norwegian man has filed a complaint after ChatGPT falsely told him he had killed two of his sons and been jailed for 21 years.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'NRK har sett en skjermdump av chatten mellom mannen og ChatGPT.'; 'ChatGPT hevdet videre at mannen ble dømt til 21 års fengsel'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to the complaint, when he asked ChatGPT \"Who is Arve Hjalmar Holmen?\", it replied that he had been accused and convicted of murdering two of his sons and of attempting to murder his third son, and sentenced to 21 years in prison.","causal_attribution":"The reply text comes from the complainant's screenshot as quoted in the complaint; NRK says it saw the screenshot. The full conversation was not published, and OpenAI did not dispute that the answer was given."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he has never been accused nor convicted of any crime and is'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'the fake story included real elements of his personal life. Among them were the actual number and the gender of his children and the name of his home town.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The complaint says the story was false and that he has never been accused or convicted of any crime, while the reply contained real details about him: his home town and the number and gender of his children.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's account through noyb. No source disputes that the crimes are fictitious."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The complainant was deeply troubled by these outputs, which could have harmful'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The fact that someone could read this output and believe it is true, is what scares me the most.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the fact that someone could read this output and believe it is true is what scares me the most'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'The complainant was deeply troubled by these outputs, which could have harmful effect in his private life'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint says he was deeply troubled by the output, which could harm his private life if reproduced in his community; he said that the thought that someone could read it and believe it scared him most.","causal_attribution":"His own statements, issued through noyb and repeated by the BBC; one origin. The complaint does not report that anyone else saw the output."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'output, however OpenAI responded with a “template-answer” and not with a tailored'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint says he contacted OpenAI about the false output and received a template answer rather than a reply to his request.","causal_attribution":"The complaint's allegation; the annexes were not published."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ChatGPT has changed its model since Mr Holmen's search in August 2024'; 'Noyb told the BBC Mr Holmen had made a number of searches that day'; 'They also acknowledged the previous searches could have influenced the answer about his children'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The BBC reports that he made the search in August 2024; noyb told the BBC that he made several searches that day, including his brother's name, which produced multiple incorrect stories, and acknowledged that the earlier searches could have influenced the answer about his children.","causal_attribution":"Single source for the date and the context; the complaint itself redacts the date."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to noyb, ChatGPT's memory function, which can recall personal information from previous chats, was turned off during this interaction.'; 'Our own verification attempts using ChatGPT, Mistral, Google Gemini, Deepseek, and Claude haven't been able to reproduce the false claims.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The Decoder reports that noyb said ChatGPT's memory function was off during the exchange and that he had other conversations in the same chat, that only a screenshot was released, and that its own attempts with several chatbots did not reproduce the claims.","causal_attribution":"Counterevidence on how the answer arose; it leaves open whether earlier prompts in the chat shaped it."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'While we're still reviewing this complaint, it relates to a version of ChatGPT which has since been enhanced with online search capabilities that improves accuracy.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'ChatGPT has stopped telling lies about him being a murderer. However, the incorrect data may still remain part of the LLM’s dataset.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"OpenAI said it was still reviewing the complaint and that it related to a version of ChatGPT since enhanced with online search; noyb said ChatGPT had since stopped describing him as a murderer but that the incorrect data may remain in the model.","causal_attribution":"Each party's own statement, attributed."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Det norske datatilsynet sier at de mottok klagen i dag og ikke har rukket å saksbehandle den.'; 'Det mest sannsynlige er at denne klagen må sendes videre til det europeiske datatilsynet'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Datatilsynet confirmed to NRK that it received the complaint on 20 March 2025, and its international section head said it would most likely have to be forwarded to another European data protection authority.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's statement as reported by NRK; no later decision was found."}],"effects":[{"label":"distress at a fabricated account that he murdered his children, as the complaint and his statement describe","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200; bodies/lr-holmen-noyb.html/.txt). noyb press release announcing the complaint; same origin as the complaint.","independence_group":"noyb-complaint-20250320"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2025-03/OpenAI_complaint_redacted.pdf","kind":"complaint_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200; PDF text extracted with pdftotext to bodies/lr-holmen-complaint.txt). Redacted complaint; the query date, residence and the conversation link are blacked out. Annexes were not published.","independence_group":"noyb-complaint-20250320"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0kgydkr516o","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200; bodies/lr-holmen-bbc.html/.txt). Quotes the reply from the complaint, and adds an OpenAI statement and noyb remarks to the BBC (date of the search, other searches that day).","independence_group":"bbc-20250321"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.nrk.no/norge/nordmann-klager-chatgpt-til-datatilsynet-1.17348958","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"no","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200; bodies/lr-holmen-nrk.html/.txt). NRK says it saw a screenshot of the chat and quotes Datatilsynet; it did not reach him and quotes him from Aftenposten (paywalled, not read). Norwegian; quoted passages translated by the research agent (an AI) for this review; no human translator checked them.","independence_group":"nrk-20250320"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://fortune.com/2025/03/21/chatgpt-murder-hallucination-arve-hjalmar-holmen-noyb-openai-complaint","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200; bodies/lr-holmen-fortune.html/.txt). Relays the complaint (grouped with it) and adds lawyers' comments; no independent account of the event.","independence_group":"noyb-complaint-20250320"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://the-decoder.com/chatgpts-bizarre-child-murder-claims-about-arve-hjalmar-holmen-leave-some-questions-unresolved/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200; bodies/lr-holmen-decoder.html/.txt). Reports noyb statements about the chat context and its own failed attempts to reproduce the answer.","independence_group":"decoder-20250321"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The full conversation, including the earlier prompts that day that noyb acknowledged could have influenced the answer.","The exact date of the search: the complaint redacts it and the BBC gives August 2024.","Where he made the search.","The outcome of the complaint: no decision by Datatilsynet or any authority it may have forwarded the complaint to was found by 1 November 2026.","Whether anyone other than him saw the output."],"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-23 metadata review and re-checked: noyb and the complaint describe him as a Norwegian user and citizen, so the affected-person country is NO. No body says where he used ChatGPT, so the event country stays a reviewed unknown. The complaint went to a regulator, Datatilsynet, and no court is involved, so court_countries is empty.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["NO"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a case of a chatbot making a false claim about a person to that person (made_claim_about and communicated_with). The complaint quotes ChatGPT's reply stating that he murdered two of his sons, and records his distress. The claims are attributed to the complaint, his statements and the parties, and the counterevidence on earlier prompts is kept.","reviewed_on":"2026-11-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint quotes ChatGPT's reply to his question \"Who is Arve Hjalmar Holmen?\": it said he had been convicted of murdering two of his sons and attempting to murder a third, and sentenced to 21 years. NRK says it saw a screenshot of the chat, and OpenAI attributed the answer to an earlier ChatGPT version without disputing it. The complaint connects his distress to that generated claim about him. Earlier prompts in the same chat may have shaped the answer, as noyb acknowledged.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about","communicated_with"]},"name":"Norwegian man's GDPR complaint says ChatGPT answered a question about him with a fabricated story that he had murdered two of his sons","summary":"Arve Hjalmar Holmen asked ChatGPT \"Who is Arve Hjalmar Holmen?\" in August 2024, according to the BBC. The digital-rights group noyb's complaint on his behalf quotes the reply: it said he had been convicted of murdering two of his sons and of attempting to murder a third, and sentenced to 21 years in prison. The complaint says none of this happened and that he has never been accused or convicted of any crime, while the reply did contain real details such as his home town and the number and gender of his children. The complaint says he was deeply troubled by the output, and he said the thought that someone could read it and believe it scared him most. noyb filed the complaint with Norway's data protection authority, Datatilsynet, on 20 March 2025, asking it to order OpenAI to delete the output and correct its model and to impose a fine. OpenAI said the case related to an earlier version of ChatGPT since enhanced with online search. noyb also told the BBC he had made several searches that day and that they could have influenced the answer; the full conversation was not published. No decision on the complaint had been reported by 1 November 2026.","incidentDate":"2024-08-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-03-20","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A GDPR complaint says ChatGPT, asked who Arve Hjalmar Holmen is, produced a false account that he had murdered two of his sons; the complaint says he was deeply troubled, and he said the possibility that others would believe it scared him most.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One harmed person: the complainant, who asked ChatGPT about himself and received the output. No other person is counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NO","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","primarySourceLabel":"noyb, 20 March 2025: AI hallucinations: ChatGPT created a fake child murderer","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:13:04.624733+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-11-01T03:03:12.049479+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","openai","norway","gdpr","noyb","datatilsynet","false-claim","hallucination","regulator-complaint"]}]}