{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-22T11:14:51.708Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"police-arrests","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"2023","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":2,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2023-anqing-anhui-police-say-nine-second-ai-face-swap-video-call-posing-as-acquaintance-cost-man-2-45-million-yuan","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'经开公安分局反诈中心民警调查发现，诈骗分子使用了一段9秒钟的智能AI换脸视频佯装“熟人”，让受害人放松警惕从而实施诈骗。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'诈骗分子使用一段9秒钟的智能AI换脸视频佯装“熟人”，让受害人放松警惕被骗走245万元。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Officers of the Anqing economic development zone police anti-fraud centre found that the fraudsters used a nine-second AI face-swap video to pose as an acquaintance and lower the victim's guard.","causal_attribution":"Police finding attributing the deception to an AI face-swap video."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'目前有一个项目招标需要周转资金' and '“因为打了视频电话又是熟人”，“我就没多想，就转账了”' and '立刻让家人将245万元到对方指定的账号上，直到事后拨打对方电话才得知被骗。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After the brief video call, the 'acquaintance' asked on QQ for money to be advanced for a project tender, and, trusting the video call, the victim had family members transfer 2.45 million yuan, learning of the fraud only when he later phoned the acquaintance.","causal_attribution":"The victim's account of why he paid, as reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'于4月28日下午一举抓获' and '等3名犯罪嫌疑人，扣押涉案手机26部，冻结、追回电诈资金一百余万元。' and '5月22日，民警将先行追回的132万元被骗款返还给' and '目前，该案件正在进一步侦办中。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police arrested three suspects on 28 April 2023, seized 26 phones, froze or recovered more than one million yuan, and on 22 May returned 1.32 million yuan to the victim; the case was still being investigated.","causal_attribution":"Police account of arrests and recovery."}],"effects":[{"label":"man transferred 2.45 million yuan after an AI face-swap video call posing as an acquaintance, according to police","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.secrss.com/articles/55024","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Republication of a Dawan News report (stated as from Dawan News), dated 25 May 2023. Translated from Chinese by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"anqing-police-findings-dawan-news-may-2023"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.cnr.cn/native/gd/20230613/t20230613_526286531.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200; page encoded GBK). China National Radio summary, 13 June 2023, of the same case. Translated from Chinese by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"anqing-police-findings-dawan-news-may-2023"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how police established the face swap.","Whether the remaining money was recovered.","Whether the three suspects, who were suspected of moving proceeds, or anyone who made the video was charged or convicted.","How the acquaintance's WeChat identity was used."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the case occurred in the Anqing economic development zone, Anhui, and was handled by its police sub-bureau (Dawan News; CNR). No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with, depicted_or_impersonated): the investigating Anqing police anti-fraud centre found that a nine-second AI face-swap video posing as an acquaintance led a man to transfer 2.45 million yuan. The technical basis is not disclosed. The victim is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The anti-fraud centre of the Anqing economic development zone police, which investigated the case and arrested three suspects, found that the fraudsters used a nine-second AI face-swap video to pose as the victim's acquaintance on the WeChat video call that preceded the payment (Dawan News via Secrss; CNR). The faked acquaintance appeared to the victim, and the same account then asked for money (depicted_or_impersonated, communicated_with). The police do not disclose how the face swap was established or which tool was used.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Anqing, China: police say a nine-second AI face-swap video call posing as an acquaintance led a man to transfer 2.45 million yuan","summary":"In April 2023 a man in the Anqing economic development zone, Anhui, received a brief WeChat video call from someone who appeared to be an acquaintance, followed by a QQ message asking him to advance money for a tender; trusting the video call, he had family members transfer 2.45 million yuan. The local police anti-fraud centre found that the fraudsters had used a nine-second AI face-swap video to pose as the acquaintance, Dawan News reported. Police arrested three suspects on 28 April, froze or recovered more than one million yuan, and on 22 May returned 1.32 million yuan to the victim.","incidentDate":"2023-04-27","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2023-05-25","aiSystem":"A nine-second AI face-swap video used in a WeChat video call to impersonate an acquaintance, according to police (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the police findings reported by Dawan News, a man transferred 2.45 million yuan after a nine-second AI face-swap video call posing as an acquaintance; 1.32 million yuan was later returned to him.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the man who had 2.45 million yuan transferred after the call (Dawan News via Secrss). The impersonated acquaintance and the family members who made the transfer are not counted; no separate harm to them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.secrss.com/articles/55024","primarySourceLabel":"Secrss (republishing Dawan News), 25 May 2023: Another AI face-swap fraud as Anhui man loses 2.45 million yuan in 9 seconds","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:25:18.240597+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:25:18.240597+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","video-call-fraud","impersonation","wechat","china","police-arrests","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-kozhikode-kerala-police-say-deepfake-video-call-of-former-colleague-cost-retired-man-rs-40000-five-arrested","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to police, the perpetrator used AI-powered face-swapping technology (deepfake) to impersonate a former colleague of' and 'the ‘former colleague’ (deepfake) to send money for the medical treatment of the latter’s sister.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Kozhikode police said the perpetrator used AI-powered face-swapping technology (deepfake) to impersonate the victim's former colleague during a video call in which the 'former colleague' asked for money for a relative's medical treatment.","causal_attribution":"Police attribution of the impersonation to AI face-swapping, made after their investigation and arrests."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'lost Rs 40,000 soon after receiving a video call from a person claiming to be his former senior colleague and seeking money for an emergency.' and 'the money that the elderly lost on July 9 was traced and the perpetrator’s account was blocked.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The victim lost Rs 40,000 on 9 July 2023 after receiving a video call from a person claiming to be his former senior colleague who sought money for an emergency; cyber police traced the money and blocked the perpetrator's account.","causal_attribution":"The video call is the reported means of the deception."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The police suspect the scammers are using deep fake tech to fake people’s faces and voices.' and 'It may have been created using AI,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In July 2023 the police said they suspected the scammers used deepfake technology to fake faces and voices, and the cyber police station officer said the display picture may have been created using AI.","causal_attribution":"Early, hedged police view, superseded by the June 2024 account."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Kozhikode Police have made history by arresting an entire group involved in creating fake audio and video content to execute financial fraud using artificial intelligence.' and 'The squad successfully apprehended five suspects from their respective hometowns.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Kozhikode police arrested five suspects from several states, describing a group that created fake audio and video content to execute financial fraud using artificial intelligence.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the arrests; no conviction is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"retired man sent Rs 40,000 after a video call in which a deepfake impersonated a former colleague, according to police","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime/kozhikode-squad-arrest-five-in-connection-with-deepfake-fraud-67e25620","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 22 June 2024; reports the Kozhikode police account of the arrests.","independence_group":"kozhikode-police-arrests-jun-2024"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jul/17/scammers-use-deep-fake-tech-in-kerala-dupe-retired-union-govt-employee-of-rs-40000-2595588.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 17 July 2023; reports the victim's account and the cyber police station officer.","independence_group":"new-indian-express-victim-and-cyber-police-jul-2023"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how the police established face-swapping.","Whether the Rs 40,000 was returned to the victim.","Whether the five suspects were charged or convicted."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the victim received the calls and made the payment as a resident of Kozhikode, Kerala, and Kozhikode police investigated (New Indian Express; Mathrubhumi). No court proceeding is described.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated, communicated_with): Kozhikode police, after arresting five suspects, said the caller used AI face-swapping to impersonate the victim's former colleague on the video call that led him to pay Rs 40,000. The police's earlier view was a suspicion, which the record states. The victim and the accused are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Kozhikode police, who investigated the complaint and arrested five suspects, said the perpetrator used AI-powered face-swapping technology to impersonate the victim's former colleague on the video call that preceded the payment (Mathrubhumi, June 2024). The faked colleague appeared to the victim and asked for money (depicted_or_impersonated, communicated_with). In July 2023 the police had described deepfake use only as a suspicion; the 2024 account does not disclose the technical basis or the tool.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Kozhikode, Kerala: police say a deepfake video call imitating a former colleague cost a retired man Rs 40,000; five later arrested","summary":"A retired Union (central) government employee in Kozhikode, Kerala, sent Rs 40,000 on 9 July 2023 after a WhatsApp video call and voice call from someone who looked like a former senior colleague and asked for money for a relative's surgery, the New Indian Express reported; Kerala cyber police traced the money and blocked the recipient account. In June 2024 Kozhikode police said the perpetrator had used AI-powered face-swapping technology to impersonate the former colleague on the video call, and that they had arrested five suspects from several states, according to Mathrubhumi.","incidentDate":"2023-07-09","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2023-07-17","aiSystem":"AI face-swapping (deepfake) used in a WhatsApp video call to impersonate the victim's former colleague, according to Kozhikode police (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the New Indian Express, a retired man in Kozhikode sent Rs 40,000 after a video call from someone who looked like a former colleague; police later said the caller used AI face-swapping to impersonate the colleague.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the retired man who sent Rs 40,000 (New Indian Express; Mathrubhumi). Friends who received similar messages are not counted; no loss by them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime/kozhikode-squad-arrest-five-in-connection-with-deepfake-fraud-67e25620","primarySourceLabel":"Mathrubhumi English, 22 June 2024: AI-driven 'Deepfake' fraud: Kozhikode Police nab all 5 accused from multiple states","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:21:42.546478+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:21:42.546478+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake-video-call","impersonation","whatsapp","older-adult","kerala","police-arrests","depicted-or-impersonated"]}]}