{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T18:30:50.260Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "police",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "core",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "2023",
      "response": "",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 1,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 1,
      "countries": 1,
      "languages": 2,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 0,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 0,
      "minors": 1,
      "coreRelations": 1,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 0,
      "relationPending": 0,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2023-spain-almendralejo-deepfake-minors",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 2-4: images created from clothed photos taken from the girls' own social media accounts and processed by an application that generates an imagined nude image.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Opening paragraphs: pupils reported fake nude photos made 'a través de una aplicación de inteligencia artificial' circulating on phones at the start of the school year.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 2: images arose from a WhatsApp group linked to several Almendralejo schools; profile photos from WhatsApp and Instagram were used.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s6"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 3: the judgment's proven facts describe AI applications superimposing the girls' faces, taken from WhatsApp and Instagram profiles, on other nude bodies, and circulation through two WhatsApp groups.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s4"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "In September 2023 artificial-intelligence image-manipulation applications were used to create fake nude images of secondary-school girls in Almendralejo from photographs taken from their WhatsApp and Instagram profiles, and the images circulated in WhatsApp groups.",
            "causal_attribution": "The juvenile court's agreed judgment records the use of AI applications as proven fact (El País and Infobae, 9 July 2024, citing the TSJEx)."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 4: 'more than 20 girls, aged between 11 and 17, have come forward as victims'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Opening paragraph: 'Ya son 22 menores las víctimas'; 10 presuntos autores identificados, todos menores.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 1: 'al menos 20 niñas residentes en Almendralejo'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s4"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "At least 20 girls aged 11 to 17 were affected; police had counted 22 victims and identified 10 suspected authors, all minors, by 21 September 2023.",
            "causal_attribution": "Counts are the police and court figures as reported; the BBC also reports a parents' group of 28, which is not used as a harm count."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 1 and 3: sentence of 20 June 2024 in conformity; 15 minors; 20 delitos de pornografía infantil y otros tantos contra la integridad moral; libertad vigilada durante un año.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s4"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 1-2: Juzgado de Menores de Badajoz; quince menores; veinte delitos de pornografía infantil y otros tantos contra la integridad moral; un año de libertad vigilada with the described programme.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s5"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 1: 'a juvenile court this summer sentenced 15 of their classmates to a year of probation'.",
                "relation": "context",
                "source_id": "s7"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "On 20 June 2024 the Badajoz juvenile court, in an agreed judgment, held 15 minors responsible for 20 counts of child pornography and 20 counts against moral integrity and imposed one year of supervised release (libertad vigilada) with affective-sexual education, responsible-technology and gender-equality content.",
            "causal_attribution": "Court outcome as reported from the TSJEx; the judgment text itself was not inspected."
          },
          {
            "id": "c4",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 7: 'Investigators are also looking into the claim that an attempt was made to extort one of the girls by using a fake image of her.'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 5: 'según han denunciado varias madres, chantajearon a sus hijas con dinero para no distribuir sus fotografías manipuladas'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s6"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Mothers reported that girls were blackmailed with the fake images, and police investigated an attempt to extort one of the girls.",
            "causal_attribution": "Reported by the families to police and the press; no charge for extortion is recorded in the inspected judgment reporting."
          },
          {
            "id": "c5",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Passage beginning 'The impact the images’ circulation has had on the girls affected varies': the interviewed mother says her daughter is bearing up well, while some other girls would not leave home.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "One mother said some affected girls would not leave their homes after the images circulated, while her own daughter was bearing up well.",
            "causal_attribution": "A parent's account reported by the BBC; not independently confirmed."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "nonconsensual_sexualized_imagery_of_minors",
            "claim_id": "c1",
            "direction": "negative"
          },
          {
            "label": "extortion_attempt",
            "claim_id": "c4",
            "direction": "negative"
          },
          {
            "label": "psychological_distress",
            "claim_id": "c5",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66877718",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; datePublished 2023-09-23.",
            "independence_group": "bbc"
          },
          {
            "id": "s2",
            "url": "https://elpais.com/espana/2023-09-18/la-policia-investiga-el-desnudo-integral-de-varias-menores-en-extremadura-con-inteligencia-artificial-me-dio-un-vuelco-el-corazon.html",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "es",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.",
            "independence_group": "elpais"
          },
          {
            "id": "s3",
            "url": "https://elpais.com/sociedad/2023-09-21/las-victimas-por-los-desnudos-de-almendralejo-ascienden-a-22-con-10-presuntos-autores-identificados-hasta-el-momento.html",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "es",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.",
            "independence_group": "elpais"
          },
          {
            "id": "s4",
            "url": "https://elpais.com/sociedad/2024-07-09/un-ano-de-libertad-vigilada-para-15-menores-de-almendralejo-por-manipular-imagenes-de-ninas.html",
            "kind": "news_report_court_outcome",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "es",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. Court outcome is reported from TSJEx; the judgment itself was not inspected.",
            "independence_group": "tsjex-judgment-account"
          },
          {
            "id": "s5",
            "url": "https://www.infobae.com/espana/2024/07/09/los-menores-que-manipularon-desnudos-con-inteligencia-artificial-en-almendralejo-quedan-en-libertad-vigilada/",
            "kind": "news_agency_report_court_outcome",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "es",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. Court outcome is reported from TSJEx; the judgment itself was not inspected. Infobae credits EFE for this article.",
            "independence_group": "tsjex-judgment-account"
          },
          {
            "id": "s6",
            "url": "https://www.infobae.com/espana/2023/09/18/caso-almendralejo-es-delito-utilizar-la-ia-con-fines-pornograficos-hasta-nueve-anos-de-carcel-por-manipular-imagenes-de-menores-desnudas/",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "es",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.",
            "independence_group": "infobae"
          },
          {
            "id": "s7",
            "url": "https://fortune.com/2024/08/16/ai-nude-deepfakes-boys-social-media-classmates-school/",
            "kind": "news_agency_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Associated Press report carried by Fortune; read in English on 2026-09-15.",
            "independence_group": "ap"
          },
          {
            "id": "s8",
            "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/610/",
            "kind": "incident_database_aggregator",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Aggregator entry listing press reports; used as context only.",
            "independence_group": "aiid"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "education",
          "privacy",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "The application or applications used are not named in the inspected court reporting; an earlier version of this record named one app on the basis of press reports not re-inspected today.",
          "When each image was created is not established; the BBC reports that many were believed to have been created over the summer of 2023.",
          "Whether any image reached pornographic websites, which the families feared, is not established.",
          "The individual consequences for the affected girls beyond the reports cited are not documented.",
          "The judgment text was not inspected; its contents are taken from El País and Infobae reporting the TSJEx."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Event: the images were made and circulated among pupils of secondary schools in Almendralejo, Badajoz, Spain (BBC; El País 18 and 21 September 2023). Affected persons: girls attending those schools (El País 21 September 2023). Court: Juzgado de Menores de Badajoz (El País and Infobae, 9 July 2024).",
          "court_countries": [
            "ES"
          ],
          "event_countries": [
            "ES"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "ES"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Restored under its original ID after source, duplicate and sensitivity review under the 2026-09-15 charter. Eight sources read, seven in full; no victim or suspect is named; the app named in the earlier record is omitted because the inspected court reporting does not name it.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "The Badajoz juvenile court's agreed judgment of 20 June 2024, as reported by El País and Infobae citing the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Extremadura, records as proven fact that the minors used artificial-intelligence applications to superimpose the girls' faces on other bodies. The application is not named in the inspected court reporting.",
          "status": "supported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "Almendralejo, Spain: AI-generated nude images of at least 20 schoolgirls; 15 minors placed under supervised release",
      "summary": "In September 2023 families in Almendralejo (Badajoz, Spain) reported that artificial-intelligence 'undressing' applications had been used to create fake nude images of local girls aged 11 to 17 from their social-media photographs, and that the images circulated in WhatsApp groups. Police counted 22 victims and identified 10 suspects, all minors, within days. On 20 June 2024 the Badajoz juvenile court, in an agreed judgment, held 15 minors responsible for 20 counts of child pornography and 20 counts against moral integrity and imposed one year of supervised release with an education programme.",
      "incidentDate": "2023-09-01",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "month",
      "exposurePattern": "unknown",
      "reportedDate": "2023-09-18",
      "aiSystem": "AI image 'undressing' applications (not named in the inspected court reporting)",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "verified",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "exploitation_or_abuse",
        "psychological_distress"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "At least 20 girls aged 11 to 17 had AI-manipulated nude images of them created from their social-media photographs and shared in WhatsApp groups; families reported blackmail attempts and one mother said some girls would not leave their homes.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 20,
      "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "The juvenile court's agreed judgment, as reported by El País and Infobae from the TSJEx, refers to at least 20 girls; police had counted 22 victims by 21 September 2023 (El País). The court figure is used as the documented minimum. The 15 minors held responsible are not counted as harmed persons.",
      "victimAgeRange": "minor",
      "outcomeType": "criminal_charges",
      "outcomeStatus": "resolved",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66877718",
      "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News, 23 September 2023: 'AI-generated naked child images shock Spanish town of Almendralejo'",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T09:52:26.746489+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfakes",
        "minors",
        "spain",
        "school",
        "non-consensual-imagery",
        "juvenile-court"
      ]
    }
  ]
}