{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-27T05:33:10.462Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"photography","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":5,"coverage":{"cases":5,"countries":3,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":2,"lawsuits":2,"regulatory":0,"minors":1,"coreRelations":3,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":1,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-xian-man-ai-exhibition-closing-date-answer-wasted-trip-to-beijing","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'他向AI询问了摄影展的闭展时间，决定利用假期去回忆下青春'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Before the May Day holiday the man asked an AI tool when a Suzhou-themed photo exhibition in Beijing would close and decided to visit during the holiday.","causal_attribution":"The man's account as reported; the AI's reply is not quoted."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'我到了之后才发现摄影展提前闭展了，什么也没看着，往返高铁票还花了1000多块。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"He says that on arrival he found the exhibition had closed early, saw nothing, and had spent more than 1,000 yuan on return high-speed rail tickets.","causal_attribution":"His own statement of the outcome and cost."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'同样，由于AI对目的地信息更新不及时'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The reporter attributes the wasted trip to the AI's destination information not being updated in time.","causal_attribution":"This causal attribution is the reporter's; no AI output, date or exhibition notice is cited for it."}],"effects":[{"label":"spent over 1,000 yuan on rail tickets for a trip to an exhibition that had already closed (his account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/06-17/10641988.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service (state news agency) consumer feature of 17 June 2026 by a Beijing reporter, quoting the man's own words.","independence_group":"chinanews-2026-06-17"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","finance"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool he used and what closing date it gave.","When the exhibition's early closure was decided and announced, and so whether the AI's answer was already wrong when he asked.","The exact travel date within the May Day holiday period."],"geography":{"basis":"The report places the exhibition in Beijing and says the man works in Xi'an and travelled by high-speed rail. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an attributed traveller's account in a national news agency feature: he asked an AI tool for an exhibition's closing date, travelled on that basis and lost the cost of the trip. The reporter's attribution to outdated AI information is recorded as such, and the AI's answer remains unpublished.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"China News Service reports that the man asked an AI tool for the exhibition's closing time and planned his holiday trip on that basis, and that he found the exhibition closed on arrival; the reporter attributes the wasted trip to the AI's destination information not being updated in time. The AI's answer is not quoted, the tool is not named, and the report says the exhibition closed early, so whether the answer was wrong when given is not established.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"China News Service reports a man spent over 1,000 yuan on train tickets to a Beijing photo show after asking an AI its closing date, and found it closed early","summary":"China News Service's consumer column 'Minsheng Diaochaju' reported on 17 June 2026 that a photography enthusiast working in Xi'an, who learned before the May Day holiday of a Suzhou-themed photo exhibition in Beijing, asked an AI tool when the exhibition would close and decided to visit during the holiday. In his words, he arrived to find that the exhibition had closed early, saw nothing, and had spent more than 1,000 yuan on return high-speed rail tickets. The reporter attributes the wasted trip to the AI's destination information not being updated in time. The AI's actual answer and the product are not reported.","incidentDate":"2026-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-06-17","aiSystem":"An AI tool the man asked about the exhibition's closing date; the report does not name the product","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"By his account to China News Service, the man spent more than 1,000 yuan on return high-speed rail tickets to reach a Beijing exhibition that had already closed; the reporter attributes this to outdated AI information on the closing date.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the man who asked the AI and made the trip. The article's other travellers are separate accounts and are not counted here.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/06-17/10641988.shtml","primarySourceLabel":"China News Service, 17 Jun 2026: AI travel planning, 'misled and wasted 1,000 yuan' (Minsheng Diaochaju)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-27T03:17:08.77399+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-27T03:17:08.77399+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["travel-planning","closing-date","wasted-trip","china"]},{"id":"2024-lawrence-kansas-gaggle-ai-flagged-students-class-photos-as-child-sexual-images-pupils-questioned-photos-removed","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In November 2023, USD 497 and its Board of Education implemented the use of Gaggle'; 'Gaggle operates through artificial intelligence that flags items for review. Gaggle moderators conduct a brief contextual review to determine the propriety of the content at issue and quarantine the item unless the flag is deemed a false positive.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'challenges the district’s 2023 decision to use a third-party artificial intelligence-powered software service called Gaggle to monitor student usage of district-issued computers'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The Lawrence school district began using Gaggle to monitor student school accounts in November 2023; the plaintiffs' complaint says Gaggle operates through artificial intelligence that flags items for review by Gaggle moderators.","causal_attribution":"The complaint's description of the system; the newspaper describes the service the same way. Gaggle's own account of how the flag arose is not in the inspected sources."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In early 2024, District administrators summoned art, journalism, and photography students to the front office at Lawrence High School for questioning.'; 'administrators told the group that their images had been flagged by Gaggle for indecent exposure and child pornography.'; 'admitted they had not seen the content at issue, but rather, that they were informed second-hand by Gaggle that the content had been flagged.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'told the group that Gaggle had flagged their images for indecent exposure and child pornography.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the complaint, in early 2024 administrators summoned art, journalism and photography students to the front office and told them their images had been flagged by Gaggle for indecent exposure and child pornography, while admitting they had not seen the flagged content themselves.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiffs' allegations; the court's order summarises the amended complaint and does not find these facts."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'of having photos or documents on her computer that constituted indecent exposure or child pornography.'; 'she had uploaded a photography assignment that included a picture of one of her friends who was fully clothed and wearing a spaghetti-strap tank top.'; 'to recall and explain from memory minute details regarding the photographs she had taken, but she was not allowed to view or display those photos.'; 'her detention and interrogation by Assistant Principal'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the complaint, an assistant principal accused a photography student of having images constituting indecent exposure or child pornography, refused to let her view the images, and questioned her about them from memory; she told him she had uploaded that day a photography assignment showing a fully clothed friend.","causal_attribution":"A plaintiff's account in the complaint."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'determined that the flagged content consisted of original artistic photographs taken and uploaded for class assignments.'; 'discovered that multiple digital photographs had been removed from their school accounts.'; 'would trigger additional scrutiny, interrogations, deletions, and/or discipline.'; 'and other students later confirmed the seizures by comparing their school accounts to independent backup drives.'; 'was subsequently required to meet with District staff and explain each image in her photography portfolio.'; 'Only after months of student advocacy did the District restore the removed images.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the complaint, the flagged content consisted of original photographs taken for class assignments; the photographs were removed from the students' school accounts without notice, the students found this by comparing their accounts with personal backups, one student had to explain each image in her portfolio to district staff and became concerned that future assignments would trigger more scrutiny, and the district restored the images only after months of advocacy.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiffs' allegations; the removal is also reported by AP (c5)."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Students in one photography class were called to the principal's office over concerns Gaggle had detected nudity. The photos had been automatically deleted from the students' Google Drives, but students who had backups of the flagged images on their own devices showed it was a false alarm. District officials said they later adjusted the software's settings to reduce false alerts.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Students in one photography class were called to the principal’s office over concerns Gaggle had detected nudity.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The Associated Press reported that students in a photography class were called to the principal's office over concerns Gaggle had detected nudity, that the photos had been automatically deleted from their Google Drives, that students with backups showed it was a false alarm, and that district officials said they later adjusted the software's settings to reduce false alerts.","causal_attribution":"AP's reporting, relayed by the Journal-World from AP's review; the settings change is the district officials' statement to AP. Both outlets carry one AP origin."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Plaintiffs have not cited (and the Court has not found) any law that when AI surveillance flags student material as potentially criminal, a school official cannot reasonably rely on that information to call in a student for questioning.'; 'the claims for injunctive and declaratory relief of the graduated students, the claims against the School Board and, based on qualified immunity, all claims against'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 8 April 2026 the court dismissed, on qualified immunity, all claims against the assistant principal and another official, saying it had found no law that when AI surveillance flags student material as potentially criminal a school official cannot reasonably rely on it to call in a student for questioning; it also dismissed the graduated students' claims for injunctive and declaratory relief and the claims against the school board.","causal_attribution":"The court's ruling; it decides qualified immunity on the pleadings and makes no finding on whether the flags were accurate."},{"id":"c7","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Date of Last Known Filing: Oct. 26, 2026'; 'Notice to Take Deposition'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The case remained open in late October 2026, with depositions noticed and a last known filing on 26 October 2026.","causal_attribution":"Docket record."}],"effects":[{"label":"students questioned over an AI flag calling their class photography indecent exposure or child pornography, with their photographs removed for months","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ksd.159249/gov.uscourts.ksd.159249.1.0.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-27; no translation.","independence_group":"dkan-2-25-cv-02428-complaint"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ksd.159249/gov.uscourts.ksd.159249.56.0.pdf","kind":"court_order","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-27; no translation.","independence_group":"dkan-2-25-cv-02428-order"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/schools-using-ai-surveillance-protect-110342650.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-27; no translation.","independence_group":"ap-gaggle-2025"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www2.ljworld.com/news/schools/2025/aug/07/lawrence-school-district-sued-in-federal-court-for-use-of-ai-powered-surveillance-system-students-claim-gaggle-results-in-illegal-searches/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-27; no translation.","independence_group":"ljworld-2025-08-07"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70989873/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-27; no translation.","independence_group":"courtlistener-docket"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["education","public_services","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Exactly when in early 2024 the questioning took place and how many students were summoned.","Whether Gaggle's human moderators reviewed the specific photographs before the district was notified, and what they concluded.","Whether the photographs were removed automatically by Gaggle or by a reviewer; AP says automatically deleted, the complaint describes moderator quarantine.","Gaggle's and the district's responses to these specific allegations in the litigation.","The outcome of the remaining claims against the district."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint places the questioning at a Lawrence, Kansas, high school of the district's own school accounts; the suit is in the federal District of Kansas.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a school's use of an AI monitoring flag about students: the complaint and AP describe Gaggle flagging photography students' class images as nudity or child pornography, the students' questioning and the removal of their work, district officials told AP it was a false alarm, and a federal court has ruled on the official's reliance on the AI flag.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint says Gaggle operates through artificial intelligence that flags items for review and that administrators told the students their images had been flagged by Gaggle for indecent exposure and child pornography, then questioned them without having seen the images; AP reports Gaggle detected nudity in the photography class's uploads, that district officials called it a false alarm and adjusted the software's settings, and the court's order treats the flag as an AI surveillance flag on which the official relied. Gaggle moderators review flags before schools are notified, and no inspected source says what each reviewer saw.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about","informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Lawrence, Kansas: students say Gaggle AI monitoring flagged class photography as child sexual images, leading to questioning and removed work","summary":"The Lawrence, Kansas, school district began using Gaggle, a student-monitoring service, on school accounts in November 2023. A federal lawsuit filed on 1 August 2025 by current and former students alleges that Gaggle, which the complaint says operates through artificial intelligence that flags items for review by Gaggle moderators, flagged original photography assignments uploaded by art and photography students. According to the complaint, in early 2024 security officers took students out of class to the front office of a Lawrence high school, where administrators told them their images had been flagged by Gaggle for indecent exposure and child pornography; an assistant principal accused a photography student of having such material, refused to let her view the images, and questioned her about them from memory, and administrators admitted they had not seen the flagged content. The student told them she had uploaded that day a photography assignment showing a fully clothed friend; the complaint says the flagged content consisted of original photographs taken for class assignments, that students found their photographs removed from their school accounts only by comparing them with personal backups, that one student had to explain each image in her portfolio to district staff and became concerned that future assignments would bring more scrutiny, and that the district restored the images only after months of advocacy. The Associated Press, in reporting that included an analysis of the district's Gaggle alert records, said the photos had been automatically deleted and that students with backups showed it was a false alarm, and that district officials said they later adjusted the software's settings to reduce false alerts. On 8 April 2026 the federal court dismissed, on qualified immunity, the claims against the assistant principal and another official, saying it had found no law establishing that a school official cannot rely on an AI surveillance flag to call in a student for questioning; other claims against the district continue, and the docket shows depositions noticed in October 2026.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-08-01","aiSystem":"Gaggle Safety Management, a student-monitoring service that scans school email and files; the complaint says it operates through artificial intelligence that flags items for review by Gaggle moderators, and the district's board agenda described trained safety experts and an algorithm","aiProduct":"Gaggle","aiCompany":"Gaggle.Net, Inc.","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the plaintiffs' complaint, students were taken out of class and questioned after Gaggle flagged their photography assignments as indecent exposure or child pornography, their photographs were removed from their school accounts without notice and restored only after months, one student had to explain every image in her portfolio, and she became concerned that future assignments would bring more scrutiny. District officials told the Associated Press it was a false alarm and that settings were adjusted.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Two photography students who are plaintiffs describe being questioned and having photographs removed (complaint paras 93 to 126). The complaint and AP describe other art, journalism and photography students summoned or flagged without a count, so they are not quantified. The 1,200 alerts in AP's records analysis are alerts, not harmed people, and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ksd.159249/gov.uscourts.ksd.159249.1.0.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Students' complaint against the Lawrence school district over Gaggle, D. Kan. 2:25-cv-02428, filed 1 August 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-27T03:08:48.076061+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-27T03:08:48.076061+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["gaggle","school-monitoring","student-surveillance","false-flag","photography","qualified-immunity","kansas"]},{"id":"2025-beijing-internet-court-finds-wechat-group-member-used-ai-to-turn-anothers-profile-photo-into-exposed-deformed-images","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'被告未经原告同意，使用AI软件将原告微信头像肖像照生成衣着暴露的动漫风格图片，并发送至该摄影交流微信群内'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'被告拿群内原告微信头像照片，利用AI生成衣着暴露、形体畸形的动漫图片'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Without consent, the defendant used AI software to turn the claimant's WeChat profile portrait photo into revealingly dressed cartoon-style images and posted them in a photography WeChat group both belonged to.","causal_attribution":"Court account; the AI generation is also the defendant's own description in the defence."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'原告多次制止，被告仍继续使用AI软件，将原告的微信头像AI生成衣着暴露、身体畸形的动漫风格图片，并私信原告'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'人物腿部为木头状，甚至存在三只手臂的图片'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After the claimant objected several times, the defendant kept using the AI software to make images with exposed bodies and deformed limbs, including wooden legs and three arms, and sent them to the claimant privately.","causal_attribution":"Court account."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'被诉侵权图片不具有指向性或可识别性'; '图片为AI自动生成，被告生成图片时并未下达任何指令故意丑化人物形象'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The defendant argued that the images were not identifiable as the claimant and were generated automatically by AI without any instruction to uglify.","causal_attribution":"Defendant's submission as summarised by the court."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'被告的群发行为构成对原告肖像权、名誉权的侵害，被告的私信行为构成一般人格权侵害'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'在脸型、蹲姿、手势、造型等方面均具有高度的对应关系'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'图片发至微信群，群成员可以识别原型，丑化内容降低原告社会评价，侵害肖像权、名誉权'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The court found that group members could identify the claimant from the images, that posting them in the group infringed the claimant's portrait and reputation rights, and that the private messages infringed the claimant's general personality rights.","causal_attribution":"The Beijing Internet Court's own published write-up of its findings (s2, credited to the court); the judgment itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'被判赔礼道歉并赔偿原告精神损失'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'判令被告向原告赔礼道歉，赔偿原告精神损失。'; '目前，该案判决已生效。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court ordered the defendant to apologise and to compensate the claimant for mental harm.","causal_attribution":"The Beijing Internet Court's own published write-up (s2), which also says the judgment has taken effect; the amount is not reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"court found AI-made exposed and deformed images of a group member, posted in the group and sent privately, infringed portrait, reputation and personality rights","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s68a84353e4b02424b0bf309f.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Beijing Daily report of the Beijing Internet Court's notice of the case; the judgment was not inspected.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ciplawyer.cn/articles/157422.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Legal-industry site carrying the court's fuller write-up of the reasoning; same court account.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6ad969cce4b0e42f8f01e464.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Feature on the Beijing Internet Court quoting its vice-president; it restates the case.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["When the images were made and posted, and when the judgment was given.","Which AI software was used.","The amount of compensation for mental harm and the case number.","How many members the group had."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the Beijing Internet Court in China. The sources describe a WeChat group but do not say where its members were, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Beijing Internet Court found that AI-generated images made from a group member's profile photo, posted in a WeChat group and sent privately, infringed the claimant's portrait, reputation and personality rights. One reporting chain, the court's own account, read in three Chinese sources.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court found that the defendant used AI software to generate the images from the claimant's profile portrait photo, and the defendant's own defence said the images were generated by AI. The generated images depicted the claimant (depicted_or_impersonated); the court found that posting them lowered the claimant's standing in the group and that the private images caused humiliation.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court finds a WeChat group member infringed another member's portrait and reputation by posting AI-made exposed cartoon images of the claimant","summary":"The Beijing Internet Court reported in August 2025 that two members of a photography WeChat group had gone to court after one used AI software, without consent, to turn the other's profile portrait photo into revealingly dressed cartoon-style images and posted them in the group. According to the court, the claimant objected several times, but the defendant kept using the software to make images with exposed bodies and deformed limbs, including wooden legs and three arms, and sent them to the claimant privately. The defendant argued the images were not identifiable and were generated automatically by AI. The court found that group members could identify the claimant, that posting the images in the group infringed the claimant's portrait and reputation rights, and that the private messages infringed the claimant's general personality rights. It ordered an apology and compensation for mental harm.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-08-22","aiSystem":"AI image software, not named in the court's account, that the defendant used to turn the claimant's profile portrait photo into cartoon-style images with exposed bodies and deformed limbs","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, AI-made images of a WeChat group member with an exposed body and deformed limbs were posted in the group and sent privately against the claimant's objections; the court found that they lowered the claimant's social standing, caused humiliation and infringed the claimant's portrait, reputation and personality rights.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the claimant whose profile photo was used (Beijing Internet Court account). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s68a84353e4b02424b0bf309f.html","primarySourceLabel":"Beijing Daily, 22 August 2025: using AI to mock and uglify another person's portrait held to infringe personality rights","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:08:08.716343+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:08:08.716343+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-image","portrait-rights","reputation","wechat","court-ruling","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-london-met-police-say-man-used-ai-to-turn-covert-photos-of-women-and-children-into-sexual-images-sentenced","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"had taken photos of women and children in ordinary circumstances before using AI to turn them into sexually explicit images, including by removing their clothing.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Detectives established that the man photographed women and children in ordinary circumstances and then used AI to turn the photos into sexually explicit images, including by removing their clothing.","causal_attribution":"The investigating police attribute the sexualised images to AI after examining his phone; the tool is not named."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Many of the photos were taken from his bedroom window, which overlooked a children’s playground. ... had also taken more than 5,000 images of women and girls in public places. ... Some of these images had been digitally manipulated to create sexualised content by altering clothing and appearance.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Many of the photos were taken from his bedroom window overlooking a children's playground, and forensic examination found more than 5,000 images of women and girls in public places, some digitally manipulated to create sexualised content.","causal_attribution":"Police description of the source photographs and the manipulated images."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"A limited number of those photographed have been identified and are receiving specialist support, but officers still need to identify many more. ... The nature of his offending has understandably left those who have learned of it feeling unsettled and violated","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A limited number of those photographed have been identified and are receiving specialist support; the investigating officer says those who learned of the offending feel unsettled and violated.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the effect on identified victims."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The result was that a victim and their family found themselves living in close proximity to a man who had admitted targeting them. They were so fearful, ultimately felt forced to move to distant temporary accommodation ... using an AI photo editing technology to manipulate those images","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Commissioner says a victim and their family felt forced to move to distant temporary accommodation because the man was bailed to his home near them, and that he used an AI photo editing technology.","causal_attribution":"The Commissioner links the move to the bail decision and to living near a man who had admitted targeting them; he separately says the man used an AI photo editing technology on photos of children known to him. The release does not say whether this family's children appear in the manipulated images."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"was sentenced to 2 years and 4 months today (Thursday, 24 September) at Wood Green Crown Court. ... On Thursday, 6 August he pleaded guilty to the following offences but was bailed by the court to await sentencing","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"He pleaded guilty on 6 August 2026 to offences including making indecent images of children and creating a purported intimate image of adults, and was sentenced on 24 September 2026 at Wood Green Crown Court to two years and four months.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as announced by the police."}],"effects":[{"label":"covert photos of women and children turned into sexual images with AI","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"a victim's family felt forced to move while the offender was on bail","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://news.met.police.uk/news/man-sentenced-after-using-ai-to-create-sexually-explicit-images-of-children-513236","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-20; HTTP 200. Metropolitan Police newsroom release of 24 September 2026; no translation needed.","independence_group":"met-police-24-sep-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used.","How many people were depicted in manipulated images and how many have been identified.","When the offending began."],"geography":{"basis":"The police say many photos were taken from his bedroom window overlooking a playground and others in the surrounding area, and the police appeal is addressed to the Enfield area of London, so the photography and the affected people are in the United Kingdom; sentencing was at Wood Green Crown Court.","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Metropolitan Police say detectives established that a man used AI to turn covert photos of women and children into sexually explicit images; identified victims are receiving support and the Commissioner says one family felt forced to move. Single official source; no victim is identified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-20"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Metropolitan Police say detectives established that the man used AI to turn photos he took of women and children into sexually explicit images, including by removing their clothing, and the Commissioner says he used an AI photo editing technology to manipulate images of children known to him. The AI-made sexual depictions of real people are the abuse at issue; identified victims are receiving support and one family felt forced to move. The tool is not named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Met Police say a man used AI to turn covert photos of women and children into sexual images; a victim's family moved away while he was on bail","summary":"The Metropolitan Police said on 24 September 2026 that a man from London had been sentenced at Wood Green Crown Court to two years and four months after pleading guilty to offences including making indecent images of children and creating a purported intimate image of adults. Detectives established that he had photographed women and children in ordinary circumstances, many from his bedroom window overlooking a children's playground, before using AI to turn the photos into sexually explicit images, including by removing their clothing. A limited number of those photographed have been identified and are receiving specialist support. The Commissioner said a victim and their family felt forced to move to temporary accommodation because the man was bailed to his home near them before sentencing.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-24","aiSystem":"An AI photo editing technology, as the Commissioner describes it, that the man used to sexualise photographs of women and children (tool not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Met Police, a man used AI to turn covert photos of women and children into sexually explicit images; identified victims are receiving specialist support, and the Commissioner says one victim's family felt forced to move while he was on bail.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One victim, whose family the Commissioner says felt forced to move, is counted as harmed in this case (the release does not say whether that victim appears in the AI-manipulated images); the police say a limited number of other identified people are receiving support but give no number, and the 5,000 photographed people are not all described as depicted in manipulated images.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://news.met.police.uk/news/man-sentenced-after-using-ai-to-create-sexually-explicit-images-of-children-513236","primarySourceLabel":"Metropolitan Police, 24 Sep 2026: Man sentenced after using AI to create sexually explicit images of children","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-20T03:20:16.758562+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-20T03:20:16.758562+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai_altered_images","covert_photography","sexualised_images_of_children","guilty_plea","united_kingdom"]},{"id":"2026-hohhot-photography-competition-revokes-first-prize-after-organiser-confirms-winning-image-was-ai-generated","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The photo depicts three sanitation workers resting and laughing on a bench ... contains obviously garbled characters, a detail that prompted widespread suspicion of AI use and raised public doubts about the fairness of judging. Many also noted the unnatural sunlight and matching faces and expressions of the three figures","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The first-place image in a Hohhot photography competition, showing three sanitation workers on a bench, drew public suspicion of AI use over garbled vest text, unnatural sunlight and matching faces.","causal_attribution":"China Daily."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"After an investigation, Hohhot's federation of literary and art circles, an organizer of the competition, responded to the doubt via a notice on Tuesday, confirming that the photo had been created using AI.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"经核实，该作品确系AI生成，非作者实景原创拍摄。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After an investigation, Hohhot's federation of literary and art circles, the competition's organiser, said in a notice of 14 July 2026 that it had verified the winning work was AI-generated and not the entrant's own on-site photograph.","causal_attribution":"The organiser's notice as reported by China Daily."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"It then revoked the work's eligibility for all online and offline competitions, evaluations, and exhibitions, excluded it from official archives, and canceled its award and recognition ... The event itself was also suspended for a comprehensive rectification review. Those accountable were held responsible in accordance with relevant regulations.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"取消该作品线上和线下参赛、参评及参展资格，撤销其一切赛事相关认定，不纳入赛事成果收录范围；暂停“艺韵北疆·光影青城”呼和浩特全民摄影双月赛，推进全面整改；对相关责任人将依据有关规定予以处理。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The organiser revoked the work's eligibility for competitions, evaluations and exhibitions, excluded it from the competition's record of results and cancelled its award; it suspended the competition for rectification and said those responsible would be dealt with under the relevant rules.","causal_attribution":"The organiser's notice as quoted by People's Daily Online and reported by China Daily; China Daily's wording that those accountable 'were held responsible' is stronger than the notice's future tense."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"此事暴露出工作中存在赛事审核把关不严、评选标准界定不准等问题","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The organiser's notice said the case exposed lax vetting of entries and imprecise judging criteria in its own work.","causal_attribution":"The organiser's notice as quoted by People's Daily Online."}],"effects":[{"label":"the winning entry's first prize was cancelled and the work barred from competitions, exhibitions and archives after the organiser confirmed it was AI-made","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202607/15/WS6a574bcca310986e2b4656af.html","kind":"news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-19; no translation was involved and no human reviewer read the article. China Daily, 15 July 2026, by Chen Meiling and Yuan Hui. The organiser's notice, the competition rules and the winning image were not inspected; their content is as China Daily describes it.","independence_group":"hohhot-federation-notice"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://m.gmw.cn/2026-07/14/content_1304532389.htm","kind":"news","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese by the verifier (an AI research agent) on 2026-10-19 and translated by it; no human translator or reviewer. Guangming Online page carrying a People's Daily Online Inner Mongolia report of 14 July 2026 that quotes the Hohhot federation's notice.","independence_group":"hohhot-federation-notice"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Who the entrant was and whether the entrant made or knew of the AI generation.","Which AI tool was used.","What the competition rules said about AI.","Who was held responsible and how."],"geography":{"basis":"China Daily reports the competition was held in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and was open to local residents; the entrant's own location is not stated. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a sanction for AI use: China Daily reports that the organiser of a Hohhot photography competition confirmed after an investigation that the winning photo was AI-generated and cancelled its first prize. The entrant's account is not reported and the record rests on the organiser's notice as reported by China Daily and quoted by People's Daily Online.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is a competition organiser's sanction in response to AI use. China Daily reports that Hohhot's federation of literary and art circles, after an investigation, confirmed in a notice that the winning photo had been created using AI, and then cancelled the award. The technical basis of the organiser's finding is not reported, and no source describes an AI system producing output about the entrant, so the relation is unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Hohhot: photography competition revokes its first prize after the organiser confirms the winning image was AI-generated, China Daily reports","summary":"China Daily reported on 15 July 2026 that the first prize in a local photography competition in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, had been revoked after the image was found to be AI-generated. Online users had pointed to garbled characters on the workers' vests, unnatural sunlight and matching faces in the winning photo of three sanitation workers. After an investigation, the city's federation of literary and art circles, one of the organisers, confirmed in a notice on Tuesday 14 July that the photo had been created using AI, cancelled its award and barred the work from competitions, evaluations, exhibitions and official archives. The competition was suspended for rectification; the notice said those responsible would be dealt with under the relevant rules and that the case exposed lax vetting and imprecise judging criteria. The entrant is not named, and who generated the image is not stated.","incidentDate":"2026-07-14","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-07-15","aiSystem":"An unidentified AI image tool that, according to the organiser's notice as reported by China Daily, was used to create the winning photograph","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to China Daily, the organiser of a Hohhot photography competition cancelled the winning entry's first prize and barred the work from competitions, exhibitions and archives after confirming the image was created with AI.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person is counted: the entrant whose first prize was cancelled (China Daily, citing the organiser's notice). Counted outside own use because the report does not say who generated the image. Those 'held responsible' are not counted because the report does not say who they were or what happened to them.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202607/15/WS6a574bcca310986e2b4656af.html","primarySourceLabel":"China Daily, 15 July 2026: Hohhot photography prize revoked after winning image found to be AI-generated","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-19T03:16:41.41756+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-19T03:16:41.41756+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-image","photography-competition","award-revoked","china","consequential-response"]}]}