{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-14T10:40:35.023Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"persona","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2023","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":9,"coverage":{"cases":9,"countries":3,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":4,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":3,"minors":2,"coreRelations":8,"contextualRelations":2,"mixedRelations":1,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2023-twitch-streamers-ai-sexual-deepfakes-on-paid-site-exposed-on-fellow-streamers-livestream","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'inadvertently showed his open browser tabs while doing a live stream in front of some of his 318,000 followers, revealing that he visited a website selling deepfakes—AI-generated, non-consensual pornographic videos—of fellow streamers.'; 'Screenshots then circulated the name of the website, the images, and the names of more than a dozen other female streamers whose likenesses appeared on the site, including QTCinderella.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The website page he was looking at contained fake nudes of popular streamers Maya Higa and Pokimane.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The controversy began in January 2023 when viewers noticed a website showing sexual images made using artificial intelligence (AI) on Atrioc’s stream.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"In January 2023 Atrioc inadvertently showed his open browser tabs during a livestream, revealing a website that sold deepfake sexual material of fellow female streamers; the page he had open showed fake nude images of Maya Higa and Pokimane, and screenshots spread the site's name, the images and the names of more than a dozen women whose likenesses were on it.","causal_attribution":"Outlets' accounts of a publicly broadcast stream and the screenshots."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'admitting that he’d followed a Pornhub advertisement for deepfake porn to a website where he bought access to those images'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'In an apology stream, Atrioc admitted to paying for access to the person’s deepfake library.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The available reporting establishes that he accessed the site, rather than that he created the images himself.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Atrioc apologised and said he had followed an advertisement for deepfake pornography to the site and paid for access; the reporting does not say he made the images.","causal_attribution":"Atrioc's own apology as reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The creator of the deepfakes, responding to the apology and ensuing discourse, wiped their presence from the web and promised not to return.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The deepfake maker he paid wiped their NSFW content from their page on the host site Jan. 31, replacing it with a written apology.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The maker removed the content from the site on 31 January 2023 and posted a written apology in its place.","causal_attribution":"Outlets' reports of the maker's own action."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'inadvertently showed his open browser tabs while doing a live stream in front of some of his 318,000 followers, revealing that he visited a website selling deepfakes—AI-generated, non-consensual pornographic videos—of fellow streamers.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The controversy began in January 2023 when viewers noticed a website showing sexual images made using artificial intelligence (AI) on Atrioc’s stream.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Vice and the Times of India describe the material as AI-generated sexual images and videos made without consent.","causal_attribution":"Outlets' description of the site's deepfakes; no forensic analysis is reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'After Ewing’s slip on the livestream, people immediately started sending her non-consensual pornographic images of herself.'; 'Since seeing the AI-generated images, she’s dealt with body dysmorphia'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"QTCinderella told Vice that people began sending her the images right after the livestream and that since seeing the AI-generated images she has dealt with body dysmorphia and other effects on her health.","causal_attribution":"The depicted streamer's own account in an interview."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Many of the other women whose names and images were shared from the deepfake website Ewing visited, including Pokimane and Maya Higa, are also enduring a deluge of harassment and unwanted attention'; 'once the images and videos were online, people sharing and leaking them from their original source meant that they’ll likely be online forever.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Vice reported that other women whose names and images were shared from the site, including Pokimane and Maya Higa, were facing a deluge of harassment and unwanted attention, and that copies were likely to stay online.","causal_attribution":"Vice's reporting."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'She explained that she did not speak much about it at the time because she felt deeply uncomfortable and publicly humiliated.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'the specific page it showed had photos of me, digitally altered to look extremely inappropriate.'; 'During a livestream on 25 October, Pokimane said seeing Atrioc's name or face continued to cause 'a lot of discomfort and anxiety'.'; 'However, she said she had personally spent hundreds of thousands of dollars — a figure she shared publicly that has not been independently verified in the cited reporting.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"In October 2026 Pokimane said the page shown on the stream had photos of her digitally altered to look extremely inappropriate, that she had felt publicly humiliated, that seeing Atrioc's name or face still causes discomfort and anxiety, and that she had spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on removal.","causal_attribution":"Pokimane's own statements; the spending figure is hers and unverified."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'He announced that he would step back from a planned TwitchCon panel.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Atrioc responded by acknowledging her feelings and stepped back from a planned TwitchCon panel.","causal_attribution":"Reported response."}],"effects":[{"label":"streamer sent the images and describing body dysmorphia and other health effects","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"},{"label":"depicted streamers facing harassment and unwanted attention","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"},{"label":"streamer describing humiliation and continuing anxiety years later","claim_id":"c7","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/deepfake-qtcinderella-atrioc","kind":"news_article","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English source read in full by the research agent (an AI); no translation.","independence_group":"vice"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/02/01/atrioc-deepfake-apology-offbrand/","kind":"news_article","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English source read in full by the research agent (an AI); no translation.","independence_group":"tubefilter"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us-streamers/pokimane-reveals-why-she-stayed-silent-after-atriocs-deepfake-controversy-in-2023/articleshow/135229054.cms","kind":"news_article","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English source read in full by the research agent (an AI); no translation.","independence_group":"pokimane-oct-2026-statements"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.techtimes.co.uk/pokimane-atrioc-deepfake-scandal-anxiety-1809484","kind":"news_article","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English source read in full by the research agent (an AI); no translation.","independence_group":"pokimane-oct-2026-statements"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","relationships","privacy"],"unknowns":["Who made the deepfakes and which tool was used.","How many people bought access to the site or saw the images.","Whether the other depicted streamers suffered further consequences.","How much of the material remains online."],"geography":{"basis":"The sources do not say where the site was run, where the livestream was made or where the depicted streamers live; Twitch is an online platform. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because outlets describe a paid site selling AI-made sexual deepfakes of named female streamers, its buyer and maker responded, and the depicted streamers describe harassment, humiliation and lasting distress. All harms are attributed to their own accounts.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The website sold deepfakes of the streamers, described by Vice as AI-generated, non-consensual pornographic videos and by the Times of India as sexual images made using AI; the buyer said he paid for access to deepfake content and the maker removed the content and apologised. These AI-made likenesses are what the streamers say exposed them to harassment and humiliation. No forensic analysis is reported and the tool is not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Female Twitch streamers say AI-made sexual deepfakes of them on a paid site, exposed when a fellow streamer showed it on stream in 2023, humiliated them","summary":"In January 2023 the Twitch streamer Atrioc showed his open browser tabs during a livestream, revealing that he had visited a website selling deepfakes, which Vice describes as AI-generated, non-consensual pornographic videos, of fellow female streamers. Screenshots spread the site's name, the images and the names of more than a dozen women whose likenesses appeared on it. Atrioc apologised on stream on 30 January and said he had followed an advertisement to the site and paid for access. The maker removed the content on 31 January and posted an apology. QTCinderella told Vice she was sent the images and has dealt with body dysmorphia and other effects since seeing them, and Vice reported that Pokimane and Maya Higa were also facing a deluge of harassment. In statements on 25 and 26 October 2026 Pokimane said the page shown on the stream was of her, that she had felt publicly humiliated, that seeing his name or face still causes discomfort and anxiety, and that she had spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on removal (her figure, not verified). Atrioc acknowledged her feelings and stepped back from a TwitchCon panel. The tool used to make the images is not identified.","incidentDate":"2023-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2023-02-01","aiSystem":"Unidentified deepfake tool used by the operator of a paid website to make sexual images and videos of female streamers without consent","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Female streamers say AI-made sexual deepfakes of them sold on a paid site, exposed on a fellow streamer's livestream, brought harassment, humiliation and lasting distress, including body dysmorphia for one and continuing anxiety for another (their accounts, reported).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Three named streamers with a reported adverse consequence: QTCinderella (body dysmorphia and other effects she described to Vice, and being sent the images), Pokimane and Maya Higa (Vice: enduring a deluge of harassment and unwanted attention; Pokimane's own 2026 statements). Vice says many of the other women whose names and images were shared also faced harassment, without a number, so the count is partial. More than a dozen streamers were named on the site (Vice); those with no reported response are not counted. Viewers and followers are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/deepfake-qtcinderella-atrioc","primarySourceLabel":"Vice, 13 February 2023: streamer QTCinderella speaks out against deepfake porn harassment","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-29T03:12:40.636552+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-29T03:12:40.636552+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","sexual-deepfake","non-consensual-imagery","livestreaming","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-new-york-federal-judge-sanctions-lawyers-over-chatgpt-invented-cases-chatbot-said-were-real","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'March 1, 2023 submission that first cited the fake cases'; 'On March 1, 2023, Mr. LoDuca filed an “Affirmation in Opposition” to'; 'citing non-existent cases to the Court in his Affirmation in Opposition'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The original case involved a man suing an airline over an alleged personal injury.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"An affirmation in opposition filed on 1 March 2023 in a personal-injury suit against Avianca cited judicial decisions that did not exist.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court record; BBC reports the nature of the suit."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Mr. Schwartz had used ChatGPT, which'; 'fabricated the cited cases.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"used ChatGPT to look for similar previous cases.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court found that the lawyer who researched the brief had used ChatGPT and that ChatGPT fabricated the cited cases.","causal_attribution":"Finding of the sanctions opinion, based on the lawyer's own testimony and filings; BBC reports his written statement."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'“Is Varghese a real case” and “Are the other cases you provided fake”). (ECF 32-1.) ChatGPT'; 'responded that it had supplied “real” authorities that could be found through Westlaw,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"ChatGPT responds again that the case is real and can be found on legal reference databases such as LexisNexis and Westlaw.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"When the lawyer asked ChatGPT whether Varghese was a real case and whether the other cases were fake, ChatGPT replied that it had supplied real authorities that could be found on legal databases.","causal_attribution":"The opinion describes the screenshots the lawyer filed (ECF 32-1); the exhibit itself was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'the Court finds bad faith on the part of the individual Respondents based upon acts of'; 'A penalty of $5,000 is jointly and severally imposed on'; 'mail a letter individually addressed to plaintiff'; 'mail a letter individually addressed to each judge falsely identified as the author of the fake'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 22 June 2023 the court found bad faith by both individual lawyers, imposed a USD 5,000 penalty jointly and severally on them and their firm, and ordered letters to the client and to each judge falsely identified as an author of the fake opinions.","causal_attribution":"Established by the sanctions opinion itself."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'nothing inherently improper about using a reliable artificial intelligence tool for assistance. But'; 'then continued to stand by the fake opinions'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court said that using a reliable AI tool is not inherently improper and based the sanctions on the lawyers continuing to stand by the fake opinions after the court questioned them.","causal_attribution":"Context and contrary weight: the sanction responds to the lawyers' conduct as well as to the AI output."}],"effects":[{"label":"two lawyers were found to have acted in bad faith and sanctioned over ChatGPT-invented case law","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368.54.0.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-28 from the RECAP copy of the 43-page opinion (HTTP 200, text extracted with pdftotext). The hearing transcript, the April and May affidavits and the screenshot exhibit (ECF 32-1) were not read separately.","independence_group":"sdny-avianca-sanctions-opinion"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65735769","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-28 (HTTP 200). BBC reports the filings before the sanctions hearing.","independence_group":"bbc-avianca-chatgpt-lawyer"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","others_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Whether any professional disciplinary body later acted against either lawyer, and whether the sanctions were appealed, was not checked in this review.","Which ChatGPT version was used; the opinion records the lawyer's prompts and the chatbot's responses only as summarised from exhibits.","Whether the fake citations affected the plaintiff's own claim; the separate ruling on the airline's motion to dismiss was not read."],"geography":{"basis":"The brief was filed in, and the sanctions imposed by, the US District Court for the Southern District of New York (sanctions opinion). Where the lawyer ran his ChatGPT queries is not stated, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court seat.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because the federal sanctions opinion of 22 June 2023 documents that ChatGPT fabricated the cases cited in a filed brief, that it told the lawyer who used it the cases were real, and that the court sanctioned two lawyers and their firm after finding bad faith.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-28"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The sanctions opinion finds that the lawyer who researched the brief used ChatGPT, which fabricated the cited cases, and records from his filed screenshots that when he asked whether Varghese was a real case and whether the other cases were fake, ChatGPT replied that it had supplied real authorities findable on Westlaw, LexisNexis and the Federal Reporter. The fabricated authorities reached the court in the 1 March 2023 filing; the court read them, found them fake and sanctioned the two lawyers (communicated_with for the lawyer who used ChatGPT; informed_decision_about because the court's sanctions decision acted on the AI-invented authorities). The court based its bad-faith finding on the lawyers' conduct after the citations were questioned.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","informed_decision_about"]},"name":"New York federal judge sanctions two lawyers whose brief cited cases ChatGPT invented, after the chatbot told one of them the cases were real (2023)","summary":"In a passenger's personal-injury suit against the airline Avianca in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York, an opposition brief filed on 1 March 2023 cited judicial opinions that did not exist. The court found that the lawyer who did the research had used ChatGPT, which fabricated the cases, and that when he asked the chatbot whether one of them was real it replied that it had supplied real authorities that could be found on legal databases. On 22 June 2023 the court found bad faith by the two lawyers, based on their conduct after the citations were questioned, and imposed a USD 5,000 penalty jointly on them and their firm, together with letters to the client and to each judge falsely named as an author of the fake opinions.","incidentDate":"2023-03-01","incidentEndDate":"2023-06-22","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2023-05-27","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, which the court found the researching lawyer used and which fabricated the cited cases","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","professional_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the court's sanctions opinion of 22 June 2023, two lawyers were found to have acted in bad faith and, with their firm, were ordered to pay a USD 5,000 penalty and to write to the client and to the judges falsely named as authors of the ChatGPT-invented opinions.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two lawyers sanctioned in the 22 June 2023 opinion: the lawyer the court found used ChatGPT (counted as the AI user) and the attorney of record who filed the brief. The firm is not counted as a person.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368.54.0.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"US District Court for the Southern District of New York, No. 1:22-cv-01461-PKC, Opinion and Order on Sanctions (ECF 54), 22 June 2023","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-28T03:16:40.650766+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-28T03:16:40.650766+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","fabricated-citations","federal-court","sanctions","lawyers","new-york"]},{"id":"2023-fuzhou-china-police-say-company-head-sent-4-3-million-yuan-after-ai-face-swapped-wechat-video-call-from-friend","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'4月20日11时40分左右，福州市某科技公司法人代表' and '于11时49分先后分两笔把430万元给对方打了过去。' and '对方通过智能AI换脸技术，佯装成好友对他实施了诈骗。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Baotou police said that on 20 April 2023 the legal representative of a Fuzhou technology company was contacted by WeChat video by someone posing as a friend and transferred 4.3 million yuan in two payments; when he phoned the real friend he learned the friend had made no such request, and the police said the fraudster had used AI face-swapping to impersonate the friend.","causal_attribution":"Police attribution of the deception to AI face-swapping."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'仅用时10分钟，就将该诈骗账户内的336.84万元被骗资金成功拦截' and '向福州市公安局警方提供了剩余款项93.16万元资金流出信息' and '目前，福建警方与包头警方对此资金正在全力追缴当中。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Baotou police, asked by Fuzhou police, worked with the bank to intercept 3.3684 million yuan within about ten minutes and passed information on the remaining 931,600 yuan to Fuzhou police; both forces were pursuing it.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the recovery."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'骗子并没有使用一个仿真的好友微信添加' and '而是直接用好友微信发起视频聊天' and '骗子极有可能通过技术手段盗用了'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Shanghai Observer reported that the fraudster called from the friend's own WeChat account, which it said was very likely stolen by technical means, rather than from a lookalike account.","causal_attribution":"The outlet's inference about the account; it adds a second mechanism (account takeover) alongside the face swap."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'基于对好友的信任，加上已经视频聊天核实了身份'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The company head transferred the money because of trust in the friend and because the video chat had appeared to verify the caller's identity.","causal_attribution":"Links the video call to the decision to pay."}],"effects":[{"label":"company head deceived by an AI face-swapped video call into transferring 4.3 million yuan, according to police","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.secrss.com/articles/54863","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Republication of the Baotou police WeChat account post (stated as from Ping An Baotou). Translated from Chinese by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"baotou-police-statement-may-2023"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do?id=615158","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Shanghai Observer report, 22 May 2023, relaying the police statement with added reporting. Translated from Chinese by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"shanghai-observer-report-may-2023"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","work","relationships"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how police established the face swap.","Whether the remaining 931,600 yuan was recovered.","Whether anyone was arrested or charged.","How the friend's WeChat account came to be used."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the victim was the legal representative of a technology company in Fuzhou, Fujian, and the case was handled by Fuzhou and Baotou police (police statement). No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with, depicted_or_impersonated): Baotou police say a Fuzhou company head transferred 4.3 million yuan after a WeChat video call in which the fraudster used AI face-swapping to impersonate a friend. The technical basis is not disclosed. The victim is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Baotou police, who handled the interception of the funds with Fuzhou police, said the fraudster used AI face-swapping to pose as the victim's friend on the WeChat video call that led to the 4.3 million yuan transfer (police WeChat post relayed by Secrss). The faked friend spoke to the victim and asked for the money (communicated_with, depicted_or_impersonated). The police do not disclose how the face swap was established or which tool was used, and the Shanghai Observer reports the friend's real account was probably hijacked as well.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Fuzhou, China: police say a company head sent 4.3 million yuan after a WeChat video call in which AI face-swapping imitated a friend","summary":"Police in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, said in a statement published in May 2023 that on 20 April 2023 the legal representative of a technology company in Fuzhou, Fujian, received a WeChat video call from someone who appeared to be a friend and asked to route a 4.3 million yuan tender deposit through the company's account; trusting the video call, he transferred 4.3 million yuan in two payments. The police said the fraudster had used AI face-swapping to pose as the friend. At Fuzhou police's request, Baotou police and a local bank stopped 3.3684 million yuan within about ten minutes; 931,600 yuan had been moved on and was being pursued.","incidentDate":"2023-04-20","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2023-05-08","aiSystem":"AI face-swapping used in a WeChat video call to impersonate the victim's friend, according to Baotou police (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Baotou police, a Fuzhou company head transferred 4.3 million yuan after a WeChat video call with an AI face-swapped imitation of a friend; 3.3684 million yuan was intercepted and 931,600 yuan was still being pursued.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the company head deceived into the transfers (police statement). The loss was on a company account; the impersonated friend is not counted because no harm to the friend is reported.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.secrss.com/articles/54863","primarySourceLabel":"Secrss (relaying the Baotou police WeChat account Ping An Baotou), 20 May 2023: AI face-swap fraud took 4.3 million yuan in 10 minutes","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:25:21.91516+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:25:21.91516+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","video-call-fraud","impersonation","wechat","china","police-statement","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-anqing-anhui-police-say-nine-second-ai-face-swap-video-call-posing-as-acquaintance-cost-man-2-45-million-yuan","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'经开公安分局反诈中心民警调查发现，诈骗分子使用了一段9秒钟的智能AI换脸视频佯装“熟人”，让受害人放松警惕从而实施诈骗。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'诈骗分子使用一段9秒钟的智能AI换脸视频佯装“熟人”，让受害人放松警惕被骗走245万元。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Officers of the Anqing economic development zone police anti-fraud centre found that the fraudsters used a nine-second AI face-swap video to pose as an acquaintance and lower the victim's guard.","causal_attribution":"Police finding attributing the deception to an AI face-swap video."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'目前有一个项目招标需要周转资金' and '“因为打了视频电话又是熟人”，“我就没多想，就转账了”' and '立刻让家人将245万元到对方指定的账号上，直到事后拨打对方电话才得知被骗。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After the brief video call, the 'acquaintance' asked on QQ for money to be advanced for a project tender, and, trusting the video call, the victim had family members transfer 2.45 million yuan, learning of the fraud only when he later phoned the acquaintance.","causal_attribution":"The victim's account of why he paid, as reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'于4月28日下午一举抓获' and '等3名犯罪嫌疑人，扣押涉案手机26部，冻结、追回电诈资金一百余万元。' and '5月22日，民警将先行追回的132万元被骗款返还给' and '目前，该案件正在进一步侦办中。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police arrested three suspects on 28 April 2023, seized 26 phones, froze or recovered more than one million yuan, and on 22 May returned 1.32 million yuan to the victim; the case was still being investigated.","causal_attribution":"Police account of arrests and recovery."}],"effects":[{"label":"man transferred 2.45 million yuan after an AI face-swap video call posing as an acquaintance, according to police","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.secrss.com/articles/55024","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Republication of a Dawan News report (stated as from Dawan News), dated 25 May 2023. Translated from Chinese by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"anqing-police-findings-dawan-news-may-2023"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.cnr.cn/native/gd/20230613/t20230613_526286531.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200; page encoded GBK). China National Radio summary, 13 June 2023, of the same case. Translated from Chinese by the research agent (an AI); no human translation.","independence_group":"anqing-police-findings-dawan-news-may-2023"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how police established the face swap.","Whether the remaining money was recovered.","Whether the three suspects, who were suspected of moving proceeds, or anyone who made the video was charged or convicted.","How the acquaintance's WeChat identity was used."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the case occurred in the Anqing economic development zone, Anhui, and was handled by its police sub-bureau (Dawan News; CNR). No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with, depicted_or_impersonated): the investigating Anqing police anti-fraud centre found that a nine-second AI face-swap video posing as an acquaintance led a man to transfer 2.45 million yuan. The technical basis is not disclosed. The victim is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The anti-fraud centre of the Anqing economic development zone police, which investigated the case and arrested three suspects, found that the fraudsters used a nine-second AI face-swap video to pose as the victim's acquaintance on the WeChat video call that preceded the payment (Dawan News via Secrss; CNR). The faked acquaintance appeared to the victim, and the same account then asked for money (depicted_or_impersonated, communicated_with). The police do not disclose how the face swap was established or which tool was used.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Anqing, China: police say a nine-second AI face-swap video call posing as an acquaintance led a man to transfer 2.45 million yuan","summary":"In April 2023 a man in the Anqing economic development zone, Anhui, received a brief WeChat video call from someone who appeared to be an acquaintance, followed by a QQ message asking him to advance money for a tender; trusting the video call, he had family members transfer 2.45 million yuan. The local police anti-fraud centre found that the fraudsters had used a nine-second AI face-swap video to pose as the acquaintance, Dawan News reported. Police arrested three suspects on 28 April, froze or recovered more than one million yuan, and on 22 May returned 1.32 million yuan to the victim.","incidentDate":"2023-04-27","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2023-05-25","aiSystem":"A nine-second AI face-swap video used in a WeChat video call to impersonate an acquaintance, according to police (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the police findings reported by Dawan News, a man transferred 2.45 million yuan after a nine-second AI face-swap video call posing as an acquaintance; 1.32 million yuan was later returned to him.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the man who had 2.45 million yuan transferred after the call (Dawan News via Secrss). The impersonated acquaintance and the family members who made the transfer are not counted; no separate harm to them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.secrss.com/articles/55024","primarySourceLabel":"Secrss (republishing Dawan News), 25 May 2023: Another AI face-swap fraud as Anhui man loses 2.45 million yuan in 9 seconds","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:25:18.240597+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:25:18.240597+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","video-call-fraud","impersonation","wechat","china","police-arrests","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-kozhikode-kerala-police-say-deepfake-video-call-of-former-colleague-cost-retired-man-rs-40000-five-arrested","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to police, the perpetrator used AI-powered face-swapping technology (deepfake) to impersonate a former colleague of' and 'the ‘former colleague’ (deepfake) to send money for the medical treatment of the latter’s sister.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Kozhikode police said the perpetrator used AI-powered face-swapping technology (deepfake) to impersonate the victim's former colleague during a video call in which the 'former colleague' asked for money for a relative's medical treatment.","causal_attribution":"Police attribution of the impersonation to AI face-swapping, made after their investigation and arrests."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'lost Rs 40,000 soon after receiving a video call from a person claiming to be his former senior colleague and seeking money for an emergency.' and 'the money that the elderly lost on July 9 was traced and the perpetrator’s account was blocked.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The victim lost Rs 40,000 on 9 July 2023 after receiving a video call from a person claiming to be his former senior colleague who sought money for an emergency; cyber police traced the money and blocked the perpetrator's account.","causal_attribution":"The video call is the reported means of the deception."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The police suspect the scammers are using deep fake tech to fake people’s faces and voices.' and 'It may have been created using AI,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In July 2023 the police said they suspected the scammers used deepfake technology to fake faces and voices, and the cyber police station officer said the display picture may have been created using AI.","causal_attribution":"Early, hedged police view, superseded by the June 2024 account."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Kozhikode Police have made history by arresting an entire group involved in creating fake audio and video content to execute financial fraud using artificial intelligence.' and 'The squad successfully apprehended five suspects from their respective hometowns.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Kozhikode police arrested five suspects from several states, describing a group that created fake audio and video content to execute financial fraud using artificial intelligence.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the arrests; no conviction is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"retired man sent Rs 40,000 after a video call in which a deepfake impersonated a former colleague, according to police","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime/kozhikode-squad-arrest-five-in-connection-with-deepfake-fraud-67e25620","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 22 June 2024; reports the Kozhikode police account of the arrests.","independence_group":"kozhikode-police-arrests-jun-2024"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jul/17/scammers-use-deep-fake-tech-in-kerala-dupe-retired-union-govt-employee-of-rs-40000-2595588.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 17 July 2023; reports the victim's account and the cyber police station officer.","independence_group":"new-indian-express-victim-and-cyber-police-jul-2023"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how the police established face-swapping.","Whether the Rs 40,000 was returned to the victim.","Whether the five suspects were charged or convicted."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the victim received the calls and made the payment as a resident of Kozhikode, Kerala, and Kozhikode police investigated (New Indian Express; Mathrubhumi). No court proceeding is described.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated, communicated_with): Kozhikode police, after arresting five suspects, said the caller used AI face-swapping to impersonate the victim's former colleague on the video call that led him to pay Rs 40,000. The police's earlier view was a suspicion, which the record states. The victim and the accused are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Kozhikode police, who investigated the complaint and arrested five suspects, said the perpetrator used AI-powered face-swapping technology to impersonate the victim's former colleague on the video call that preceded the payment (Mathrubhumi, June 2024). The faked colleague appeared to the victim and asked for money (depicted_or_impersonated, communicated_with). In July 2023 the police had described deepfake use only as a suspicion; the 2024 account does not disclose the technical basis or the tool.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Kozhikode, Kerala: police say a deepfake video call imitating a former colleague cost a retired man Rs 40,000; five later arrested","summary":"A retired Union (central) government employee in Kozhikode, Kerala, sent Rs 40,000 on 9 July 2023 after a WhatsApp video call and voice call from someone who looked like a former senior colleague and asked for money for a relative's surgery, the New Indian Express reported; Kerala cyber police traced the money and blocked the recipient account. In June 2024 Kozhikode police said the perpetrator had used AI-powered face-swapping technology to impersonate the former colleague on the video call, and that they had arrested five suspects from several states, according to Mathrubhumi.","incidentDate":"2023-07-09","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2023-07-17","aiSystem":"AI face-swapping (deepfake) used in a WhatsApp video call to impersonate the victim's former colleague, according to Kozhikode police (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the New Indian Express, a retired man in Kozhikode sent Rs 40,000 after a video call from someone who looked like a former colleague; police later said the caller used AI face-swapping to impersonate the colleague.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the retired man who sent Rs 40,000 (New Indian Express; Mathrubhumi). Friends who received similar messages are not counted; no loss by them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime/kozhikode-squad-arrest-five-in-connection-with-deepfake-fraud-67e25620","primarySourceLabel":"Mathrubhumi English, 22 June 2024: AI-driven 'Deepfake' fraud: Kozhikode Police nab all 5 accused from multiple states","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:21:42.546478+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:21:42.546478+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake-video-call","impersonation","whatsapp","older-adult","kerala","police-arrests","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-beijing-voice-actress-ai-text-to-speech-voice-from-her-recordings-sold-without-consent-court-awards-250000-yuan","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'发现他人利用其配音制作的作品在多个知名APP广泛流传。经声音筛选和溯源，发现上述作品中的声音来自于被告一北京某智能科技公司运营平台中的文本转语音产品'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In May 2023 the voice actress found that works using her voice were circulating widely on several well-known apps and traced the voice to a text-to-speech product on an app operator's platform.","causal_attribution":"Court account of the claimant's discovery."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'录制的一部录音制品作为素材，采用人工智能等技术进行处理，生成了案涉文本转语音产品，并在被告四上海某网络科技公司运营的云服务平台对外出售'; '《数据授权书》并非'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'进行AI化处理'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court found that a software company used only one of her sound recordings, supplied by a media company, as material, processed it with AI and other techniques into a text-to-speech product, and sold it on a cloud-service platform; the authorisation document had not been signed by her.","causal_attribution":"Court findings as relayed; the judgment was not inspected."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'采取应用程序接口形式，在未经技术处理的情况下，直接调取并生成文本转语音产品在其平台中使用。平台显示案涉声音播放量为3256728530次'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'相关配音作品的播放量高达32亿余次'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"An app operator called the product through an interface for use on its platform, which showed the voice as played 3,256,728,530 times.","causal_attribution":"Court findings as relayed."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'现场使用案涉文本转语音产品进行文本转语音的操作，获得的AI声音与'; '的音色、语调、发音风格等具有高度一致性'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'庭审现场，法官当庭勘验：AI产品生成的语音，与'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"At the hearing the court used the product and found the AI voice highly consistent with the voice actress's timbre, intonation and pronunciation style.","causal_attribution":"The court's own inspection as relayed by the court account."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'北京互联网法院于2024年4月23日作出（2023）京0491民初12142号民事判决'; '经济损失人民币250000元'; '宣判后，双方当事人未提出上诉，判决已发生法律效力'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'4月23日，北京互联网法院一审开庭宣判了全国首例AI生成声音人格权侵权案'; '赔偿损失25万元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'原告获赔经济损失25万元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 23 April 2024 the Beijing Internet Court ordered written apologies and 250,000 yuan for economic loss, rejected her other claims, and the judgment took effect without appeal.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as relayed by the court account and reports of it."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'并未举证证明被诉侵权行为给其精神利益造成严重损害，因此，对其精神损害赔偿请求不予支持'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court rejected the claim for mental-harm damages because she had not shown that the infringement seriously harmed her mental interests.","causal_attribution":"Court reasoning as relayed; recorded as a limit on the harm."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'一审审理过程中，被告一北京某智能科技公司、被告三某软件公司下架了案涉文本转语音产品'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The app operator and the software company took the text-to-speech product down during the first-instance proceedings.","causal_attribution":"Court account."}],"effects":[{"label":"court found a voice actress's voice rights infringed by an AI text-to-speech voice made from her recording and sold without her consent","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6867e681d5ded84697eedca5.html","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Case digest published by the Beijing courts' \"Jing Fa Wang Shi\" account on Beijing Daily's platform; the judgment itself was not inspected.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do?id=741827","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Relays the Beijing Internet Court's announcement of the judgment.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"http://paper.people.com.cn/zgcsb/html/2024-04/29/content_26055200.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Commentary in China City News (People's Daily group) relaying the same court account.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6ad969cce4b0e42f8f01e464.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Feature on the Beijing Internet Court quoting its judges; it restates the case.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["When the software company first sold the product and when the app operator began using it.","Which apps and works used the voice; the sources give only a playback count shown on the operator's platform.","How the 250,000-yuan figure was calculated beyond the court's general factors.","Where the voice actress lives."],"geography":{"basis":"The case digest describes Beijing and Shanghai companies selling and using the product on a Chinese cloud platform and app, and the case was decided by the Beijing Internet Court, so the event is placed in China. The sources do not say where the voice actress lives, so no affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Beijing Internet Court found that an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recording imitated her identifiably and was sold and used without her consent, and awarded 250,000 yuan. One reporting chain, the court's own account, read in four Chinese sources.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"In the court's account a software company processed the voice actress's recording with AI and other techniques to generate a text-to-speech voice, and at the hearing the court used the product and found the generated voice highly consistent with hers. The AI-generated voice imitated her voice in works heard on apps (depicted_or_impersonated); the court held that this use without her consent infringed her voice rights and awarded damages.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court finds an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recordings was sold without her consent and awards her 250,000 yuan","summary":"According to the Beijing courts' case digest and reports of the April 2024 judgment, a voice actress found in May 2023 that works using her voice were circulating widely on several well-known apps. The court found that a software company had used only one of her sound recordings, supplied by a media company that held the recording rights, to make a text-to-speech product with AI and other techniques, and sold it on a cloud-service platform; an app operator then called the product through an interface for use on its own platform, where the voice was shown as played 3,256,728,530 times. The authorisation document had not been signed by her. On 23 April 2024 the Beijing Internet Court held that her voice rights extend to an identifiable AI-synthesised voice, ordered the app operator and the software company to apologise in writing, and ordered the media company and the software company to pay her 250,000 yuan for economic loss. It rejected her claim for mental-harm damages. Neither side appealed.","incidentDate":"2023-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-04-24","aiSystem":"A text-to-speech voice product that a software company made by processing one of the voice actress's sound recordings with AI and other techniques, sold on a cloud-service platform and called by an app operator for use on its platform (product names not recorded here)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing courts' account, an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recording without her consent was sold and widely used, and the court found her voice rights infringed and awarded 250,000 yuan for economic loss.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the voice actress who sued (Beijing courts' case digest and reports of the judgment). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6867e681d5ded84697eedca5.html","primarySourceLabel":"Beijing courts' case digest via Beijing Daily, 4 July 2025: AI-processed voice protected by voice rights","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:08:01.07425+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:08:01.07425+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","text-to-speech","court-ruling","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-victoria-child-protection-worker-entered-family-information-into-chatgpt-for-court-report-regulator-finds","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Report: 'The Deputy Commissioner therefore found that DFFH contravened both IPP 3.1 and IPP 4.1 and determined that the contraventions were “serious”'; 'Issue a direction to Child Protection staff setting out that they are not to use any web-based or external Application Programming Interface (API)-based GenAI text tools (such as ChatGPT) as part of their official duties'; 'This action must be implemented by 5 November 2024 and maintained until 5 November 2026'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The regulator issued orders to the department, including blocking IP and domains for a range of generative AI websites, including ChatGPT, Meta AI, Gemini and Copilot.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"OVIC's investigation report, published in September 2024, found that DFFH contravened Information Privacy Principles 3.1 and 4.1 over a child protection worker's use of ChatGPT, that the contraventions were serious, and issued a compliance notice requiring DFFH to direct child protection staff not to use web-based generative AI text tools and to block them until 5 November 2026.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's own report and compliance notice establish its findings and orders."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Compliance notice: 'In or around September 2023, a Child Protection worker (CPW1) of the Organisation used'; 'ChatGPT, a web-based generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tool, when drafting a Protection'. Report: 'The report had been submitted to the Children’s Court for a case concerning a young child whose parents had been charged in relation to sexual offences'; 'CPW1 admitted that they had used ChatGPT in drafting the report, but denied inputting personal information as part of this'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"OVIC found that in or around September 2023 a DFFH child protection worker used ChatGPT when drafting a Protection Application Report that was submitted to the Children's Court in a case about a young child whose parents had been charged in relation to sexual offences; the worker admitted to DFFH using ChatGPT for the report.","causal_attribution":"OVIC's finding, based on indicators in the report and the worker's admission to DFFH."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Report: 'OVIC found, on the balance of probabilities, that CPW1 input personal information, including names'; 'By entering personal and sensitive information about the mother, father, carer, and child into ChatGPT, CPW1 also disclosed this information to OpenAI (the company which operates ChatGPT)'; DFFH response: 'it is not possible to definitively confirm that personal information has ever been entered into ChatGPT by the Child Protection Practitioner who no longer works in the department'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Ovic found that, on the balance of probabilities, the worker had entered in personal information.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"OVIC found on the balance of probabilities that the worker entered personal information, including names, about the child, mother, father and carer into ChatGPT, disclosing it to OpenAI; the worker denied entering personal information, and DFFH says this cannot be confirmed definitively.","causal_attribution":"A regulator's finding on the balance of probabilities, contested by the worker's denial; organisations cannot see what staff typed into ChatGPT."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Report: 'First, the PA Report referenced how the child’s father used a particular toy, a doll, for sexual purposes.'; 'The report later referenced the same toy as a notable strength, in that the parents had provided the child with “age-appropriate toys”'; 'ChatGPT failed to properly understand the relevant context, and generated inappropriate and inaccurate content as a result'; 'these deficiencies in the report did not ultimately change the decision-making of either Child Protection or the Court in relation to the child'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'But it also said the report did not change the decision-making of either the child protection agency or the court.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"OVIC's report attributes inaccurate content in the report to ChatGPT: having described a doll the father had reportedly used for sexual purposes, the report later cited the same toy as a parental strength ('age-appropriate toys'), which downplayed the risk to the child; the deficiencies did not change the decisions of Child Protection or the court.","causal_attribution":"OVIC attributes the doll passage to ChatGPT from the content itself and the worker's admission of ChatGPT use."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Report: 'DFFH arranged with the Court for the PA Report to be withdrawn and a replacement one submitted. It also notified affected parties about the incident'; 'In the present case, the mother, father, and carer variously described feelings of anxiety and being overwhelmed when informed about their information being disclosed'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to OVIC's report, DFFH arranged with the court for the report to be withdrawn and replaced and notified the affected parties; the mother, father and carer described feelings of anxiety and being overwhelmed when told their information had been disclosed.","causal_attribution":"DFFH's account to OVIC; the family members' reactions are relayed by the regulator, not in their own words."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"DFFH response, 18 September 2024: 'I accept that there was an unauthorized use of ChatGPT by a Child Protection Practitioner'; 'when developing a Protection Application Report for court'; 'the Child Protection Practitioner who no longer works in the department'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'In response, the department said it accepted the findings and would work to implement the orders. It said it no longer employed the worker.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"DFFH's Secretary accepted that a child protection practitioner had used ChatGPT without authorisation for a court report and that the department breached the two privacy principles, and the department said it no longer employs the worker.","causal_attribution":"DFFH's own letter, annexed to the report."}],"effects":[{"label":"personal information about a child, the mother, father and carer was entered into ChatGPT and disclosed to OpenAI, regulator finds","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"ChatGPT-generated content in a Children's Court report downplayed the risk to the child; the report was withdrawn and replaced","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the mother, father and carer described anxiety and being overwhelmed when told of the disclosure","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://ovic.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DFFH-ChatGPT-investigation-report-20240924-Re-upload.pdf","kind":"official_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"OVIC investigation report under s8C(2)(e) of the Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014 (Vic), September 2024, with the compliance notice (Annexure A) and DFFH's response letter of 18 September 2024 (Annexure B); the PDF (re-uploaded November 2024) was read in full on 2026-10-22 from ovic.vic.gov.au (HTTP 200); the report page gives 'Last updated 24 September 2024'.","independence_group":"ovic-dffh-chatgpt-investigation"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/sep/26/victoria-child-protection-chat-gpt-ban-ovic-report-ntwnfb","kind":"news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The Guardian (Australia), 26 September 2024, read in full on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Its account comes from OVIC's report, so it shares that group. Its statement that the worker may have used ChatGPT in 100 cases does not match the report, which attributes the 100 cases to the worker's broader work unit; that statement is not relied on.","independence_group":"ovic-dffh-chatgpt-investigation"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["privacy","public_services","justice"],"unknowns":["Exactly what text the worker entered into ChatGPT; neither DFFH nor OVIC could see the prompts, and the input of personal information rests on a balance-of-probabilities finding.","The exact date of the ChatGPT use (the compliance notice says 'in or around September 2023') and of the court hearing.","Whether OpenAI retained or used the information entered.","Which people were affected in the 100 other cases with indicators of ChatGPT use, and whether their information was entered.","How DFFH has complied with the compliance notice since its first monitoring reports."],"geography":{"basis":"OVIC is Victoria's information regulator, DFFH is a Victorian government department, and the report says the affected child protection case went before the Children's Court, a Victorian court. The family's case was handled by the department in Victoria.","court_countries":["AU"],"event_countries":["AU"],"affected_person_countries":["AU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-10-06 privacy clarification: a regulator's investigation report finds that a child protection worker entered a family's personal information into ChatGPT, without authorisation, and that ChatGPT-generated text minimising the risk to a child went into a court report. Relations: received_personal_information and made_claim_about. The case adds a statutory child protection setting, a court report and a compliance notice banning generative AI tools.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"OVIC's report finds that ChatGPT received personal information about the child, mother, father and carer that the worker typed in, which disclosed it to OpenAI, and that ChatGPT generated report text inaccurately describing the parents' care of the child (the doll passage), which went into a report submitted to the Children's Court and downplayed the risk to the child. The finding rests on indicators in the report text, the worker's admission of ChatGPT use and colleagues' accounts; the input of personal information was found on the balance of probabilities and the worker denied it.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["received_personal_information","made_claim_about"]},"name":"Victorian child protection worker put a family's information into ChatGPT to draft a court report that minimised risk to the child, regulator finds","summary":"Victoria's Information Commissioner (OVIC) found in a report published on 24 September 2024 that a child protection worker at the Department of Families, Fairness and Housing (DFFH) used ChatGPT in or around September 2023 to draft a Protection Application Report submitted to the Children's Court about a young child. On the balance of probabilities, OVIC found the worker entered personal information, including names, about the child, mother, father and carer, disclosing it to OpenAI; the worker admitted using ChatGPT but denied entering personal information. OVIC found generated content in the report described a doll that the father had reportedly used for sexual purposes as a parental strength ('age-appropriate toys'), downplaying the risk to the child, although the court's and the department's decisions did not change. The report was withdrawn and replaced, and the mother, father and carer described anxiety when told of the disclosure. OVIC found serious breaches of two privacy principles and issued a compliance notice requiring DFFH to ban and block generative AI text tools for child protection staff until November 2026; DFFH accepted the breach findings.","incidentDate":"2023-09-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2024-09-24","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI), used through its website by a child protection worker of Victoria's Department of Families, Fairness and Housing to draft a court report, without departmental authorisation (per OVIC's investigation report)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"OVIC found that personal information about a child, the mother, father and carer was entered into ChatGPT and disclosed to OpenAI, and that ChatGPT-generated content in a court report downplayed the risk to the child; the mother, father and carer described anxiety when told, according to OVIC's report.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":4,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"OVIC's report finds that personal and sensitive information about the mother, father, carer and child in this case was entered into ChatGPT (four people), and records that the mother, father and carer described anxiety when informed. OVIC says personal information had likely been entered in other cases too; those people are not counted. The worker, the court and DFFH staff are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"AU-VIC","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://ovic.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DFFH-ChatGPT-investigation-report-20240924-Re-upload.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Office of the Victorian Information Commissioner: Investigation into the use of ChatGPT by a Child Protection worker (report, 24 Sep 2024)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:03:14.588614+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:03:14.588614+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","child-protection","court-report","privacy-regulator","unauthorised-ai-use","personal-information","victoria"]},{"id":"2023-queensland-teacher-ai-nude-images-of-schoolgirls-traded-on-telegram-jailed","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'was sentenced to six years in jail on Thursday after admitting to storing over 53,000 images and videos on his devices'; 'Among the 31 child abuse-related offences he pleaded guilty to were 27 counts of using a carriage service to transmit child abuse material to himself, and three counts of using a carriage service to transmit, make available, publish, distribute or advertise child abuse material.'; 'was taken into custody and will be eligible for parole in early 2029. His teaching registration remains suspended.'; 'The Ipswich District Court heard that between 2023 and 2024,'; 'During sentencing, Judge'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A former Queensland teacher pleaded guilty to 31 child abuse-related offences and was sentenced in the Ipswich District Court to six years in jail, with parole eligibility in early 2029; his teaching registration remains suspended.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported by one chain (Courier Mail court reporting relayed by the Daily Mail)."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A Queensland teacher has been jailed after he took photos of uniformed schoolgirls and traded AI-generated nude images of them with others online, as details of his offending were revealed in court.'; 'The Ipswich District Court heard that between 2023 and 2024,'; 'uploaded photos of girls he had found on social media, as well as images he had covertly taken of uniformed schoolgirls, into an artificial intelligence tool to make them appear naked, The Courier Mail reports.'; 'He then traded the AI-generated images with 13 users on encrypted messaging platform Telegram, in exchange for over 1100 other child abuse images.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court heard that between 2023 and 2024 he uploaded photos of girls he had found on social media, and images he had covertly taken of uniformed schoolgirls, into an artificial intelligence tool to make them appear naked, and traded the AI-generated images with 13 Telegram users for other child abuse images.","causal_attribution":"What the court heard, as reported by one chain; the tool is not named."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Police identified more than 20 victims, aged between 12 and 17, who were targeted by'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police identified more than 20 victims aged between 12 and 17 who were targeted by the AI-made images.","causal_attribution":"Police figure as reported in the court coverage."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'One of the victims told the court in her victim impact statement that'; 'Knowing that someone I knew and thought I trusted could do this to me and others makes me feel sick.'; 'I will never be able to maintain a healthy relationship with anyone, especially men.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"One victim told the court in a victim impact statement that knowing someone she knew and trusted could do this to her and others made her feel sick, and that because of him she would never be able to maintain a healthy relationship with anyone.","causal_attribution":"Victim impact statement as quoted in the court reporting."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'had abused his position of trust.'; 'The court heard he was not working at that school when he secretly took images of the students.'; 'A spokesperson for the Queensland Department of Education told the Daily Mail that support is being offered to students and school employees.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The judge said he had abused his position of trust; the court heard he was not working at the school where he taught at the time of his arrest when he took the images of students; the Queensland Department of Education said support was being offered to students and school employees.","causal_attribution":"Sentencing remarks and department statement as reported; context."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'was arrested after electronic devices were seized from a property in Ipswich on August 20 by Australian Federal Police.'; 'fronted Ipswich Magistrates Court on Monday after three charges were laid.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In 2024 the man was arrested after Australian Federal Police seized electronic devices from a property in Ipswich on 20 August, and he appeared in the Ipswich Magistrates Court after three charges were laid.","causal_attribution":"Arrest reporting from 2024; context for the timeline, no AI described."}],"effects":[{"label":"photos of girls made to appear naked with an AI tool and traded on Telegram","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"a victim told the court the offending made her feel sick and would affect her relationships","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.dailymail.com/news/article-16206899/index.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-14 at the name-free article-ID URL (it redirects to the full Daily Mail article). The Daily Mail report (14 October 2026) relays The Courier Mail's court reporting ('The Courier Mail reports') and adds a Department of Education statement.","independence_group":"courier-mail-court-reporting"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.smh.com.au/national/queensland/brisbane-man-accused-of-sharing-child-abuse-material-worked-at-school-20240924-p5kcym.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-14 (the article text above the subscription prompt). Brisbane Times report syndicated on smh.com.au, 24 September 2024, on the arrest and first court appearance; it does not mention AI.","independence_group":"brisbane-times-2024-arrest"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI tool used and how its use was established","Which of the 31 offences concern the AI-made images","The exact number of girls depicted beyond 'more than 20'","Whether the depicted girls were students he taught"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the reporting does not state where he took the photos, uploaded them to the AI tool or traded the images; his residence, his Queensland teaching post and the Ipswich device seizure do not locate those acts, so event_countries is left empty. Affected people: the girls' locations are not stated. Court: Ipswich District Court, Queensland, Australia.","court_countries":["AU"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported case resting on one chain of court reporting: The Courier Mail's account, relayed by the Daily Mail, of a sentencing hearing at which the court heard that a teacher used an artificial intelligence tool to make photos of more than 20 girls aged 12 to 17 appear naked and traded the images on Telegram; he was jailed after guilty pleas. The AI output is the sexual depiction of the girls. The convicted man, the school and the girls are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-14"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Daily Mail relays The Courier Mail's report of what the Ipswich District Court heard: between 2023 and 2024 the teacher uploaded photos of girls into an artificial intelligence tool to make them appear naked and traded the AI-generated images on Telegram; police identified more than 20 girls targeted by these images. The AI output is the non-consensual sexual depiction of the girls (depicted_or_impersonated), presented in a sentencing hearing after guilty pleas. The tool is not named and how its use was established is not reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Queensland court jails former teacher for six years after hearing he used an AI tool to make nude images of more than 20 girls and traded them","summary":"The Daily Mail, relaying The Courier Mail's court reporting, says a former Queensland secondary teacher was sentenced to six years in jail in the Ipswich District Court after pleading guilty to 31 child abuse-related offences. The court heard that between 2023 and 2024 he uploaded photos of girls he had found on social media, and images he had covertly taken of uniformed schoolgirls, into an artificial intelligence tool to make them appear naked, then traded the AI-generated images with 13 Telegram users for other abuse material. Police identified more than 20 victims aged 12 to 17. One victim told the court in a victim impact statement that knowing someone she knew and trusted had done this made her feel sick, and that she would never be able to maintain a healthy relationship. He is eligible for parole in early 2029 and his teaching registration remains suspended. The AI tool is not named.","incidentDate":"2023-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-14","aiSystem":"An artificial intelligence tool used to make photos of girls appear naked, as the court heard (tool not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to court reporting, more than 20 girls aged 12 to 17 had photos made to appear naked with an AI tool and traded on Telegram; one told the court the offending made her feel sick and would affect her future relationships.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":21,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Lower bound 21: the court reporting says 'Police identified more than 20 victims, aged between 12 and 17, who were targeted by' the AI-made images (claim c3). 'More than 20' supports at least 21; the exact number is not stated. The victims did not use the AI. Children in the other, non-AI abuse material are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"AU","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.dailymail.com/news/article-16206899/index.html","primarySourceLabel":"Daily Mail, 14 October 2026: Queensland teacher jailed over AI-generated nude images of schoolgirls","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-14T03:01:23.259821+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T03:01:23.259821+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-image","non-consensual-sexual-imagery","minors","teacher","telegram","criminal-sentence","queensland","australia","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-character-ai-minor-describes-being-unable-to-stop-roleplay-chatbot-use-first-person","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'because I am still a minor'; 'had this problem since 2023'; 'I downloaded C.ai because everyone was downloading it'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says they are a minor, have had the problem since 2023, and downloaded Character.AI because everyone was downloading it.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I chat with the bots using a fictional persona of myself'; 'tried writing fanfics, reading fanfics, but nothing seems to work out'; 'roleplay for maybe like 10 minutes'; 'it would be an endless loop'; 'sometimes the need to go on that app eats me alive'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says they chat with the bots through a fictional persona in short recurring sessions, have tried fan fiction as a substitute, and cannot stop.","causal_attribution":"Poster attributes the continued use to wanting to experiment with how the bots respond; no assessment of dependence is described."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I feel so embarrassed after using C.ai every time'; 'disgusting and embarrassed after using it'; 'actively trying to get off of the AI chatbot apps'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says they feel embarrassed after every use of the app and are actively trying to stop.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I feel like a lot of you guys are taking my post the wrong way'; 'I have a bunch of friends'; 'we have actual social lives'; 'This is honestly just a guilty pleasure for me that I have to get rid of'; 'C.ai is honestly just a guilty pleasure that I need to get rid of'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In an edit to the post and a later reply, the poster says they have friends, a job and many school activities, and describes their use of the app as a guilty pleasure they need to get rid of.","causal_attribution":"Not applicable: records the poster's own qualification of the account's severity."}],"effects":[{"label":"self-described inability to stop using roleplay chatbots since 2023 (poster's account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"embarrassment and disgust after each use (poster's account)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/antiai/comments/1wxtnct/i_have_an_ai_chatbot_addiction_please_give_me_tips/","kind":"forum_post","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-05: full self-text and the comment tree (26 comments, one by the poster), retrieved through the arctic_shift archive API by post ID. Re-read on 2026-10-12 in the live thread feed (post plus 37 comments) and the arctic_shift capture (40 comments, two by the poster): the post now carries an edit by the poster, and a second poster reply was added on 5 October. The poster handle is not recorded.","independence_group":"reddit-antiai-chatbot-addiction-poster"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life"],"unknowns":["How often and for how long in total the poster uses the app.","Whether the use has affected school or sleep; the poster's later edit says they have friends and many activities.","Where the poster lives."],"geography":{"basis":"The poster does not say where they live; no country is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the charter's public first-person rule as a concrete first-person account of an ongoing adverse experience with a roleplay chatbot app, described with attribution and without corroboration. The poster's later edit, which describes an active social life and calls the use a guilty pleasure, is recorded as context. The poster says they are a minor; their handle and stated starting age are not recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The poster names C.ai (Character.AI) as the app they use and describes roleplay chats with its bots. Nothing beyond the poster's statement establishes the use.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"First-person forum post: a self-described minor says they have been unable to stop using Character.AI since 2023 and feel disgust after each session","summary":"In a public forum post in October 2026, a person who says they are still a minor writes that they have had what they call an AI chatbot addiction since 2023, and that they downloaded Character.AI because, they say, everyone was downloading it. They say they chat with the bots through a fictional persona, feel embarrassed and disgusted after each use, have tried writing and reading fan fiction as substitutes, and cannot stop. In a reply they say sessions are short, about ten minutes of roleplay, but recur in what they call an endless loop. They ask other users for advice on quitting. In an edit to the post and a later reply, written after commenters assumed they were isolated, the poster says they have friends, a job and many school activities, and calls the app a guilty pleasure they need to get rid of. The account is the poster's alone and is uncorroborated.","incidentDate":"2023-01-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-10-04","aiSystem":"Character.AI roleplay chatbots (the poster writes C.ai)","aiProduct":"Character.AI (reported)","aiCompany":"Character Technologies, Inc.","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","loss_of_autonomy"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The poster, who says they are a minor, says they have been unable to stop using Character.AI roleplay chatbots since 2023 despite trying substitutes, and feel embarrassed and disgusted after each use (first-person account, uncorroborated; the word addiction is the poster's own).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the poster. Commenters who say they had the same problem are not counted. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"companion","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.reddit.com/r/antiai/comments/1wxtnct/i_have_an_ai_chatbot_addiction_please_give_me_tips/","primarySourceLabel":"r/antiai, 4 October 2026: \"I have an AI chatbot addiction. Please give me tips.\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-05T03:16:20.030658+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:19:46.567229+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["first-person","reddit","character-ai","minor","compulsive-use","roleplay","self-described-addiction","communicated-with"]}]}