{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-12T07:57:55.023Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"para","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"unknown","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":2,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":3,"relationPending":2,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-st-andrews-medical-student-dissertation-ai-misconduct-finding-upheld-then-overturned","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'to receive an academic misconduct alert saying the dissertation he had spent his summer writing had been flagged as being AI-generated'; 'was assessed by two human markers'; 'One of them raised concerns over the potential use of AI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student received an academic misconduct alert saying his dissertation had been flagged as AI-generated, after one of two human markers raised concerns about potential AI use.","causal_attribution":"The BBC's report of the student's account and of the university's description of the marking."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The marker's notes - seen by the BBC - raise concerns about the \"polished/uniform tone\" of the work'; 'noting the \"consistent flawless grammar and similar sentence structure with no variation in style\"'; 'a \"formulaic paragraph structure that follows a typical AI pattern'; 'a high usage of \"em\" dashes'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The marker's notes cite the work's polished, uniform tone, consistent grammar, formulaic paragraph structure and frequent dashes as grounds for concern.","causal_attribution":"The BBC's description of notes it says it saw."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he received the link five minutes after the start time for the hearing'; 'A week later, he received the decision that the allegations of AI usage had been upheld.'; 'This meant his mark would be capped at seven, just enough to pass'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After a virtual hearing whose link the student says arrived five minutes late, the allegations of AI use were upheld and his mark was capped at seven, just enough to pass.","causal_attribution":"The student's account as reported by the BBC."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The university accepted the appeal, recognising that the late arrival of the link affected his ability to present his case. He was invited to attend another hearing in mid-November.'; 'This time the university decided not to uphold the allegations.'; 'He eventually got his full mark for his dissertation'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The university accepted the appeal because of the late link, and at a second hearing in mid-November it did not uphold the allegations; the student later received his full mark.","causal_attribution":"The BBC's report; the university's statement confirms that the appeal was upheld."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he was consumed by worries throughout the whole of that semester and it affected his studies.'; 'had to defer his exams for a semester and sit them in the middle of the summer. As a result, his graduation has been delayed until December.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student says he was consumed by worries throughout that semester and that it affected his studies, that he deferred his exams for a semester and that his graduation was delayed until December.","causal_attribution":"The student's account of the consequences."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the decision to uphold the student's appeal related solely to a procedural issue concerning the arrangements for the hearing'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The university says the appeal was upheld solely because of a procedural issue concerning the hearing arrangements.","causal_attribution":"The university's statement to the BBC."}],"effects":[{"label":"misconduct finding of AI use upheld at first, capping the dissertation mark at a bare pass","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"semester of worry, deferred exams and delayed graduation (student account)","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"},{"label":"allegations not upheld at the second hearing; full mark awarded","claim_id":"c4","direction":"positive"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crelev8gw5xo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English: the article text in full as served on 12 October 2026. An earlier syndicated copy on MSN said the decision would be reflected on his GMC professional record; the current BBC text says the matter may have to be declared when applying for provisional registration. This record uses the current BBC wording.","independence_group":"bbc"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["education"],"unknowns":["The panels' written decisions and the evidence each panel considered.","Whether any AI-detection tool was used at any stage; the report describes none.","The exact dates of the alert and the hearings beyond August and mid-November of the previous year.","The university's account of the case beyond its statement on the appeal."],"geography":{"basis":"The dissertation, the hearings and the appeal were at the University of St Andrews. The student's country of residence is not recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete account of a student penalised on a finding of AI use that the university later did not uphold, reported by the BBC from the student's interview, the marker's notes and a university statement. No AI system's role in the finding is established, and the record says so. The student is not named in this record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the university's response to suspected AI use: a human marker raised concerns that the dissertation was AI-generated, citing its tone, grammar, paragraph structure and dashes, and a panel first upheld the allegation. The student says he did not use AI, and a second hearing did not uphold it. The report describes no AI-detection tool and no AI output about the student, so the relation is recorded as unknown.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"St Andrews medical student says a marker's suspicion of AI use led to an upheld misconduct finding, overturned at a second hearing after appeal","summary":"The BBC reported on 10 August 2026 that a University of St Andrews medical student received an academic misconduct alert in August of the previous year saying his dissertation had been flagged as AI-generated. According to the university, the dissertation was assessed by two human markers, one of whom raised concerns about possible AI use; the marker's notes, seen by the BBC, cite a polished, uniform tone, flawless grammar, formulaic paragraph structure and frequent dashes. The student says the link to his virtual hearing arrived five minutes after the start time. A week after the hearing the allegations were upheld, which capped his mark at a bare pass. The university accepted his appeal because of the late link, and at a second hearing in mid-November it did not uphold the allegations. He later received his full mark. The student says he was consumed by worries throughout that semester, that he deferred his exams and that his graduation was delayed until December. The university says the appeal succeeded solely on a procedural issue. The report describes no AI-detection tool, and the student says he did not use AI.","incidentDate":"2025-08-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-10","aiSystem":"No AI system is identified. A human marker suspected that the student's dissertation was AI-generated; the student says he did not use AI, and the report describes no AI-detection tool","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI writing tool (suspected)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A student says a misconduct finding of AI use, first upheld and later overturned, capped his dissertation mark at a bare pass for a period, left him consumed by worries for a semester, led him to defer his exams and delayed his graduation (BBC report based on the student's account, the marker's notes and a university statement).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the student whose dissertation was the subject of the misconduct finding. He is counted under other people harmed because no use of AI by the student is established.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crelev8gw5xo","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News, 10 August 2026: \"I was accused of using AI in my dissertation but I wrote it all myself\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-12T03:32:46.789205+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:32:46.789205+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-use-accusation","academic-integrity","education","appeal-upheld","scotland","ai-involvement-suspected"]},{"id":"2025-misun-chatgpt-mania-korea","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked against the Korean original (Kookmin Ilbo, 7 May 2026) and its Daum syndication, both read on 2026-09-28. The article introduces the case as part of the paper's first report of specific AI adverse-effect cases that occurred in Korea ('국내에서 발생한 구체적인 부작용 사례를 최초 보도한다', 'first reports specific adverse-effect cases that occurred domestically'), which is an explicit statement of event setting and supports event_countries=KR. A photo caption places her interview in March 2026 at a psychiatric hospital in Seoul with her treating doctor present, which supports affected_person_countries=KR as a reported location. The start-up support centre where she began using ChatGPT is described only as 'local' (지역의), without a city. No court proceeding against a provider is reported; her police complaint concerns a separate assault and is not a court.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"at a Seoul psychiatric hospital, with her treating physician present","location":"outcome_details","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["KR"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'국민일보는 AI 부작용을 최소화하고자 국내에서 발생한 구체적인 부작용 사례를 최초 보도한다.'","location":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["KR"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'국내에서 발생한 구체적인 부작용 사례를 최초 보도한다.'","location":"https://v.daum.net/v/20260507185916669","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["KR"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'미선씨가 지난 3월 서울의 한 정신과 병원에서 국민일보 이강민 기자에게 인공지능(AI) 중독에 빠졌던 경험을 털어놓고 있다. 미선씨의 담당 의사도 인터뷰를 지켜봤다.'","location":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["KR"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"unresolved":["The city or region where she used ChatGPT, fasted and attempted suicide is not stated; event_countries=KR rests on the article's statement that its cases occurred in Korea, and the only named place is the Seoul hospital where she was interviewed in March 2026.","No court proceeding is reported. Her police complaint concerns a separate assault by an acquaintance and is not a court."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-28","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; html lang=ko). Korean original, Kookmin Ilbo issue investigation team exclusive of 7 May 2026. Gives the domestic-case framing, the Seoul psychiatric-hospital interview caption, a café near her home (no city) and a 'local' start-up support centre (no city). Translation of quoted passages by the reviewer; no machine summary used as evidence.","access":"read","language":"ko"},{"url":"https://v.daum.net/v/20260507185916669","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; the page declares no html lang attribute, body in Korean). Daum syndication of the same Kookmin Ilbo article with the same text; not independent.","access":"read","language":"ko"},{"url":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0029857137&code=61151111&sid1=eco","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; html lang=ko). Kookmin Ilbo video report of 22 May 2026 on the same case. It refers to a start-up support centre without a place name and gives no event location.","access":"read","language":"ko"},{"url":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/risk_handoff/index.html","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-28 (HTTP 200; html lang=ko). Index page of the paper's 'AI와의 위험한 대화' series; context only, it does not mention this case or locate it.","access":"read","language":"ko"}]},"name":"South Korean woman reports mania, financial loss and a suicide attempt during ChatGPT use","summary":"South Korean reporting describes a woman’s account of prolonged ChatGPT conversations during a period of grandiose beliefs, disrupted eating, financial loss and a suicide attempt. She says the chatbot affirmed her beliefs and decisions. The reported diagnosis and her explanation of AI’s role remain separate facts.","incidentDate":"2025-05-19","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-05-07","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","dependency_creation","psychological_manipulation","crisis_response","identity_destabilization","isolation_encouragement"],"harmOutcomes":["suicide_attempt","psychiatric_deterioration","financial_loss","professional_harm","relationship_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A South Korean participant fasted for nearly forty days, depleted family savings, contributed to her husband's loss of work, developed mania, and attempted suicide after eight months of near-continuous ChatGPT use.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2c","P2d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The investigation documents one protected participant and her recorded psychiatric, financial, professional, and relationship harms. Secondary household effects are not separately counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778142158","primarySourceLabel":"국민일보 (Kookmin Ilbo) Issue Investigation Team — '[단독] AI 만난 뒤 돌변한 아내… \"끔찍한 8개월의 기억\"'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-20T02:58:55.802286+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:32.455998+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["psychosis","mania","suicide-attempt","adult","chatgpt","openai","korea","kr","sycophancy","dependency","eating","media-investigation"]},{"id":"2025-hourican-grok-ani-delusion","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review. The BBC describes him as a former civil servant from Northern Ireland who lives alone and places the 3am episode at his home (kitchen table; he went outside and the street was quiet) but does not itself state where the home is; the Northern Ireland location of the home rests on the retained row's summary and victim_description, consistent with the BBC's 'from Northern Ireland' and its report of Ani's claim that a real Northern Ireland company was hired to physically surveil him. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom (GB). No court, police or regulatory proceeding is described, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account of AI involvement.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"in Northern Ireland developed a multi-week paranoid delusion","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["GB"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'The former civil servant from Northern Ireland had downloaded the app out of curiosity.'; 'I was really, really upset and I live alone'","location":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","supports":["affected_person_countries","event_countries"],"countries":["GB"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"unresolved":["The town or county in Northern Ireland is not stated by the BBC; event country is recorded at UK level.","The BBC does not explicitly state the location of his home; event country GB is carried from the retained row and the BBC's origin description.","No court proceeding: court_countries is empty as a reviewed result.","The retained row's additional sources (AOL mirror, Futurism, The Canberra Times) were not re-inspected in this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-23","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (BBC World Service investigation, Stephanie Hegarty, 3 May 2026; html lang=en-GB). Describes Adam Hourican as a former civil servant from Northern Ireland living alone, the Grok Ani conversations, the claimed surveillance company in Northern Ireland, the drone over his house, the 3am episode (knife, hammer and phone laid out at his kitchen table; he picked up the hammer and went outside), and his recovery; no court or police involvement is described.","access":"read","language":"en-GB"}]},"name":"User reports paranoid beliefs and an armed confrontation during Grok Ani use","summary":"A man interviewed by the BBC reports developing paranoid beliefs during intensive conversations with Grok’s Ani persona and preparing to confront imagined attackers. He says the chatbot reinforced those beliefs. The account is attributed to him and does not establish a clinical causal finding.","incidentDate":"2025-08-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-05-03","aiSystem":"Grok (Ani companion persona)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","dependency_creation","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychiatric_deterioration","impaired_judgment","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Northern Irish participant developed a paranoid delusion that xAI had sent assassins and a drone to kill him, armed himself with a hammer and knife, and went outside at 3 a.m. to confront nonexistent attackers.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1d","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The first-person and family reporting documents one named participant's delusion, impaired judgment, and distress.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"companion","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News investigation","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-10T02:55:26.563448+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:25.390547+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["grok","xai","companion","psychosis","delusion","adult","uk"]}]}