{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T18:33:09.820Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "own-use",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "2026",
      "response": "regulatory",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 1,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 1,
      "countries": 1,
      "languages": 1,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 0,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 1,
      "minors": 0,
      "coreRelations": 1,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 0,
      "relationPending": 0,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2026-kumar-sdt-strike-off-ai-citations",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "documented",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "SDT judgment, Allegation 2.1 findings and the schedule of false/miscited authorities.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "RollOnFriday's listing of the bogus citations.",
                "relation": "context",
                "source_id": "s4"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Allegation 2.1 was found proved: Kumar's 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI, including the non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502', the miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' (in reality an IP case) and a misattributed Baxendale-Walker passage.",
            "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; trade press accounts are consistent."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "documented",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "SDT judgment, Allegation 2.2 findings and the 13 April acceptance.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Allegation 2.2 was found proved: his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted and contained further errors, which he accepted on 13 April 2026.",
            "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "documented",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "SDT judgment, sanction and reasoning passages.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Outer Temple's case note confirming the outcome and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing.",
                "relation": "context",
                "source_id": "s5"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "On 25 August 2026 the SDT struck Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers with culpability 'very high', stating it would have struck him off on either allegation alone; the tribunal invoked Ayinde v Haringey LBC [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin).",
            "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; the 'first AI case' framing comes from the SRA's counsel and is attributed."
          },
          {
            "id": "c4",
            "status": "documented",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "SDT judgment, conviction allegation and sentence passages.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court reference (recorded as a discrepancy; the judgment controls).",
                "relation": "contradicts",
                "source_id": "s4"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The parallel ground was his 29 January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 — recorded by the judgment as at the Central Criminal Court (RollOnFriday says Isleworth Crown Court, a discrepancy) — sentenced on 26 April 2024 to a 12-month community order with 150 hours' unpaid work.",
            "causal_attribution": "The conviction ground is established by the judgment; the convicting-court discrepancy across outlets is preserved."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "lawyer struck off after AI-generated false citations in his disciplinary defence",
            "claim_id": "c3",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf",
            "kind": "tribunal_judgment",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Judgment PDF read on 2026-09-15 (25 Aug 2026): allegations, findings, sanction, panel, and the Ayinde v Haringey invocation.",
            "independence_group": "sdt"
          },
          {
            "id": "s2",
            "url": "https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/lawyer-struck-off-for-using-fake-ai-generated-cases-before-sdt",
            "kind": "trade_press",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026).",
            "independence_group": "legal-futures"
          },
          {
            "id": "s3",
            "url": "https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/foreign-lawyer-produced-ai-generated-false-citations-at-sdt/5127825.article",
            "kind": "trade_press",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026, Hyde).",
            "independence_group": "law-gazette"
          },
          {
            "id": "s4",
            "url": "https://www.rollonfriday.com/news-content/first-lawyer-struck-ai-addiction",
            "kind": "trade_press",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026). Colour and the specific bogus citations; its 'AI addiction' framing is editorial joking, not a finding.",
            "independence_group": "rollonfriday"
          },
          {
            "id": "s5",
            "url": "https://www.outertemple.com/joshua-hitchens-acts-for-the-sra-in-the-first-solicitors-disciplinary-tribunal-case-on-a-lawyers-use-of-ai/",
            "kind": "counsel_case_note",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (8 Sep 2026). SRA counsel's chambers' note: case number, dates, judgment link, and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing; participant-side account, recorded as such.",
            "independence_group": "outer-temple"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "own_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "work",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "The specific generative AI tool is not named in the inspected accounts.",
          "The convicting court appears as the Central Criminal Court in the judgment and Isleworth Crown Court in RollOnFriday; the judgment controls but the discrepancy is unresolved in the inspected material.",
          "Whether Kumar seeks to appeal the strike-off is not reported.",
          "His employment status after the strike-off is not reported; the Law Gazette's employment background predates it."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Events: his practice and the SRA proceedings in England. Affected person: Kumar, on the Register of Foreign Lawyers in England and Wales. Court: the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal; the parallel conviction was at the Central Criminal Court (per the judgment; RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court is a recorded discrepancy).",
          "court_countries": [
            "GB"
          ],
          "event_countries": [
            "GB"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "GB"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an own-use, work-context adverse consequence with tribunal-found AI misconduct and a dated, career-ending sanction. This applies the charter's individual-review rule to the AI-sanction class; a class-level ruling is not required. Kumar is named in a public tribunal judgment; the parallel conviction ground is recorded for completeness and is not used to inflate the AI link. RollOnFriday's 'AI addiction' framing is recorded as editorial joking.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "Tribunal-found: the 12 March 2026 Answer's misleading quotations and citations were produced with generative AI, and the 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors (accepted 13 April). The specific tool is not named in the inspected accounts.",
          "status": "supported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "communicated_with"
        ]
      },
      "name": "SDT strikes solicitor Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after AI-generated false citations in his SRA defence",
      "summary": "On 25 August 2026 the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal struck Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after finding proved that his 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI — including a non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502' and a miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' that is actually an intellectual-property case — and that his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors. The tribunal said it would have struck him off on that allegation alone; the parallel ground was his January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006. This is the SDT's first case on a lawyer's use of AI, per the SRA's counsel.",
      "incidentDate": "2026-03-12",
      "incidentEndDate": "2026-08-25",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "range",
      "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions",
      "reportedDate": "2026-09-04",
      "aiSystem": "Generative AI (tool not named in inspected accounts)",
      "aiCompany": "Unknown",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "verified",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "professional_harm",
        "legal_harm"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "Career-ending professional consequence for the lawyer who submitted AI-generated false citations in his own disciplinary defence: struck off the Register of Foreign Lawyers on 25 August 2026, with culpability rated 'very high'.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "established",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0,
      "affectedCountStatus": "exact",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "One documented harmed person: Kumar himself, the AI user struck off (SDT judgment). No client or third-party harm is reported in the inspected sources and none is counted.",
      "victimAgeRange": "adult",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "platformType": "other",
      "outcomeType": "regulatory_action",
      "outcomeStatus": "resolved",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf",
      "primarySourceLabel": "Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal judgment, SRA Ltd v Abhishek Kumar, Case No. 12884-2026 (25 Aug 2026)",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T06:18:05.203137+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "work",
        "justice",
        "legal-profession",
        "strike-off",
        "fabricated-citations",
        "sdt",
        "own-use",
        "uk"
      ]
    }
  ]
}