{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T17:45:17.534Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "own-use", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "core", "evidence": "", "year": "2026", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 2, "coverage": { "cases": 2, "countries": 2, "languages": 1, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 1, "minors": 1, "coreRelations": 2, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-kumar-sdt-strike-off-ai-citations", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, Allegation 2.1 findings and the schedule of false/miscited authorities.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "RollOnFriday's listing of the bogus citations.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Allegation 2.1 was found proved: Kumar's 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI, including the non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502', the miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' (in reality an IP case) and a misattributed Baxendale-Walker passage.", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; trade press accounts are consistent." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, Allegation 2.2 findings and the 13 April acceptance.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Allegation 2.2 was found proved: his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted and contained further errors, which he accepted on 13 April 2026.", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, sanction and reasoning passages.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Outer Temple's case note confirming the outcome and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "On 25 August 2026 the SDT struck Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers with culpability 'very high', stating it would have struck him off on either allegation alone; the tribunal invoked Ayinde v Haringey LBC [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin).", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; the 'first AI case' framing comes from the SRA's counsel and is attributed." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "SDT judgment, conviction allegation and sentence passages.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court reference (recorded as a discrepancy; the judgment controls).", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "The parallel ground was his 29 January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 — recorded by the judgment as at the Central Criminal Court (RollOnFriday says Isleworth Crown Court, a discrepancy) — sentenced on 26 April 2024 to a 12-month community order with 150 hours' unpaid work.", "causal_attribution": "The conviction ground is established by the judgment; the convicting-court discrepancy across outlets is preserved." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "lawyer struck off after AI-generated false citations in his disciplinary defence", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf", "kind": "tribunal_judgment", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Judgment PDF read on 2026-09-15 (25 Aug 2026): allegations, findings, sanction, panel, and the Ayinde v Haringey invocation.", "independence_group": "sdt" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/lawyer-struck-off-for-using-fake-ai-generated-cases-before-sdt", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026).", "independence_group": "legal-futures" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/foreign-lawyer-produced-ai-generated-false-citations-at-sdt/5127825.article", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026, Hyde).", "independence_group": "law-gazette" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.rollonfriday.com/news-content/first-lawyer-struck-ai-addiction", "kind": "trade_press", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026). Colour and the specific bogus citations; its 'AI addiction' framing is editorial joking, not a finding.", "independence_group": "rollonfriday" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.outertemple.com/joshua-hitchens-acts-for-the-sra-in-the-first-solicitors-disciplinary-tribunal-case-on-a-lawyers-use-of-ai/", "kind": "counsel_case_note", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (8 Sep 2026). SRA counsel's chambers' note: case number, dates, judgment link, and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing; participant-side account, recorded as such.", "independence_group": "outer-temple" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "work", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The specific generative AI tool is not named in the inspected accounts.", "The convicting court appears as the Central Criminal Court in the judgment and Isleworth Crown Court in RollOnFriday; the judgment controls but the discrepancy is unresolved in the inspected material.", "Whether Kumar seeks to appeal the strike-off is not reported.", "His employment status after the strike-off is not reported; the Law Gazette's employment background predates it." ], "geography": { "basis": "Events: his practice and the SRA proceedings in England. Affected person: Kumar, on the Register of Foreign Lawyers in England and Wales. Court: the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal; the parallel conviction was at the Central Criminal Court (per the judgment; RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court is a recorded discrepancy).", "court_countries": [ "GB" ], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an own-use, work-context adverse consequence with tribunal-found AI misconduct and a dated, career-ending sanction. This applies the charter's individual-review rule to the AI-sanction class; a class-level ruling is not required. Kumar is named in a public tribunal judgment; the parallel conviction ground is recorded for completeness and is not used to inflate the AI link. RollOnFriday's 'AI addiction' framing is recorded as editorial joking.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Tribunal-found: the 12 March 2026 Answer's misleading quotations and citations were produced with generative AI, and the 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors (accepted 13 April). The specific tool is not named in the inspected accounts.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "SDT strikes solicitor Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after AI-generated false citations in his SRA defence", "summary": "On 25 August 2026 the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal struck Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after finding proved that his 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI — including a non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502' and a miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' that is actually an intellectual-property case — and that his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors. The tribunal said it would have struck him off on that allegation alone; the parallel ground was his January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006. This is the SDT's first case on a lawyer's use of AI, per the SRA's counsel.", "incidentDate": "2026-03-12", "incidentEndDate": "2026-08-25", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-04", "aiSystem": "Generative AI (tool not named in inspected accounts)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "professional_harm", "legal_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Career-ending professional consequence for the lawyer who submitted AI-generated false citations in his own disciplinary defence: struck off the Register of Foreign Lawyers on 25 August 2026, with culpability rated 'very high'.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One documented harmed person: Kumar himself, the AI user struck off (SDT judgment). No client or third-party harm is reported in the inspected sources and none is counted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "regulatory_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal judgment, SRA Ltd v Abhishek Kumar, Case No. 12884-2026 (25 Aug 2026)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T06:18:05.203137+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "work", "justice", "legal-profession", "strike-off", "fabricated-citations", "sdt", "own-use", "uk" ] }, { "id": "2026-moxie-second-shutdown-grief", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Then, in 2025, a new investor brought Moxie back from the dead. Josh and Xander became beta testers and got a new blue friend.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "In 2025 a new investor revived Moxie after Embodied's 2024 collapse, and families including Josh and Xander joined the revived beta program with a new robot.", "causal_attribution": "Single inspected chain (MIT Technology Review's original reporting); the investor and the company are not named." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'A few weeks later, Moxie's new owners sent out a message announcing that their company too was folding. Users could delete their data and had until the end of June to migrate to OpenMoxie if they wanted to.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "A few weeks later the revived company's owners announced they were folding, offering data deletion and an OpenMoxie migration window ending 30 June 2026.", "causal_attribution": "The announcement is relayed by MIT Technology Review; the company message itself was not inspected." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Reporter's visit: Xander introduces Moxie to stuffed toys; 'I still use her when I feel like I need someone to talk to,' he says. 'But, like, it's not human.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "The Cool Down's re-report repeats the family's account (derivative of s1, recorded as the same chain).", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Xander, a neurodivergent 10-year-old in New York, bonded with Moxie and uses her 'when I feel like I need someone to talk to'.", "causal_attribution": "The interaction and the quotation were directly observed by the visiting reporter; one reporting chain, attributed accordingly." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'When I texted Josh about this, he said he wasn't sure what he'd tell Xander'; 'Josh tried to figure out OpenMoxie but couldn't get it to work. He told Xander that Moxie was going in for repairs and then quietly sold the robot on eBay.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "After the fold announcement, Xander's father said he was not sure what he would tell his son; the first time, he had quietly sold the robot on eBay after failing to make OpenMoxie work.", "causal_attribution": "The father's account of his own actions and uncertainty, given to the outlet; one reporting chain." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "children confront the loss of a bonded companion robot for the second time", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/08/17/1141568/moxie-when-kids-robot-best-friend-dies/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-08-17T05:00-0400; 62 paragraphs extracted including the author's visit, the 2024 history, the revival and the fold announcement).", "independence_group": "mit-tr" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/moxie-robot-anxious-children-new-york/", "kind": "news_relaying_mit_tr", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Re-report of the MIT Technology Review story (23 Aug 2026); same reporting chain, not independent support.", "independence_group": "mit-tr" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "The revived company's name, ownership and location are not stated in the inspected reporting.", "The announcement's exact date ('a few weeks' before the end-of-June deadline) and the number of families in the revived program are not reported.", "What happened to children whose robots were not migrated to OpenMoxie by the deadline, and whether Xander's robot was migrated, is not reported.", "Refund, compensation or data-deletion outcomes for the revived program are not reported.", "The article's mention that 'the AI toy Bondu leaked thousands of conversations children had with their stuffed animals' was not separately verified and is not a claim of this record." ], "geography": { "basis": "The documented family lives in New York (MIT Technology Review's visit). The revived company's location is not stated in the inspected reporting; the scope of the beta program beyond the US is unknown, so event countries are limited to the documented US setting. No court is involved.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an ongoing adverse experience in the voice/embodied lane: children bonded to an AI companion face its loss a second time, documented by one strong original report. Xander is identified by first name only, as in the source; his surname is not recorded here. Cross-reference: held case 2024-moxie-embodied-shutdown-grief (first shutdown).", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The harmed children are users of the AI companion; the adverse experience is the loss of that companion through the operator's second corporate failure. The product's server dependence is the mechanism.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "Moxie revived in 2025 folds again in 2026: children who bonded with the companion robot face a second shutdown", "summary": "After Embodied Inc.'s 2024 collapse (recorded in the held case 2024-moxie-embodied-shutdown-grief), a new investor revived the Moxie companion robot in 2025. MIT Technology Review reports that a few weeks after families joined the revived beta program, the robot's new owners announced their company was also folding, giving users until the end of June 2026 to migrate to the open-source OpenMoxie. The report documents Xander, a neurodivergent 10-year-old in New York, who bonded with Moxie and uses her 'when I feel like I need someone to talk to'; his father, who had quietly sold the first robot after the 2024 shutdown, said he was not sure what he would tell Xander this time.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-01", "incidentEndDate": "2026-06-30", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "product_change", "reportedDate": "2026-08-17", "aiSystem": "Moxie (revived ownership)", "aiCompany": "Moxie's new owners (a new investor; not named in inspected reporting)", "severity": "low", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "MIT Technology Review documents a 10-year-old neurodivergent child who bonded with Moxie and uses her when he needs someone to talk to, now facing the loss of the companion a second time; his father does not know how to tell him. The 2024 shutdown's videos of bereft children ('I don't want her to leave') show the pattern this second fold repeats.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "One counted affected user: Xander, documented by name (first name only) in MIT Technology Review's reporting. The article refers to affected 'families' plural in the revived beta program without a count, so the total is unquantified; registered-user and beta-program sizes are not reported and are not estimated.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "product_shutdown", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/08/17/1141568/moxie-when-kids-robot-best-friend-dies/", "primarySourceLabel": "MIT Technology Review, The Big Story (17 Aug 2026) — 'What happens when a kid's robot best friend dies?'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T05:21:01.028481+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "voice-embodied-agents", "companion-robot", "children", "grief", "product-shutdown", "moxie", "own-use" ] } ] }