{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T15:34:56.592Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"norway","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":1,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":1,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":1,"minors":0,"coreRelations":1,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":1,"unknownRelations":2,"relationPending":1,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-bergen-university-student-reported-over-suspected-ai-use-exclusion-struck-on-appeal-after-15-months","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Våren 2025 leverte «Anna» en mappeeksamen ved Universitetet i Bergen.'; 'I juni fikk jeg e-posten om at karakteren min ble holdt tilbake på grunn av mistanke om fusk. Det var langt over sensurfristen.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In spring 2025 the student submitted a portfolio exam at the University of Bergen, and in June, after the grading deadline, she was told by email that her grade was withheld on suspicion of cheating.","causal_attribution":"The student's account to Studvest; the newspaper does not quote the email."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I tillegg var det flere feil ved kildehenvisningene, noe som var grunnen til at emneansvarlig mistenkte KI-bruk og meldte studenten inn til Nemnd for studentsaker ved UiB.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Errors in the exam's source references were the reason the course coordinator suspected AI use and reported the student to the university's board for student cases.","causal_attribution":"Studvest's account of the reason for the report; the course coordinator is not quoted and no detection tool is named."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Oi, jeg har levert feil dokument. Jeg hadde levert det dokumentet jeg kladdet i.'; 'la de vekt på at innleveringen var en ren feil, og at kildefeilene skyldtes at hun med et uhell hadde levert en uferdig kladd.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student says she had submitted the wrong document, an unfinished draft containing a to-do list and notes to herself, and her lawyer told the university the source errors came from that draft.","causal_attribution":"The student's and her lawyer's explanation; it is contrary evidence to the AI suspicion and is not itself established."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I mars 2026, ni måneder etter varselet, kom Nemnd for studentsaker hos UiB sin avgjørelse: Oppgaven ble annullert, og «Anna» ble utestengt fra UiB i to semestre.'; 'i et møte 29. mai 2026 vurderte UiB at vedtaket skulle opprettholdes.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In March 2026 the board annulled the exam and excluded the student from the university for two semesters, and the university upheld the decision at a meeting on 29 May 2026.","causal_attribution":"Decisions as reported by Studvest; the decision documents were not inspected."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Leveringen av feil fil kvalifiserte til å kutte utestengelsen fra to semestre til ett.'; 'Utestengelsen strykes helt på grunn av UiBs lange saksbehandlingstid.'; 'tar Felles klagenemds vurdering til etterretning'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On appeal, Felles klagenemnd found that submitting the wrong file justified cutting the exclusion from two semesters to one and struck the exclusion entirely because of the university's long handling time; the university's pro-rector said it takes note of that assessment.","causal_attribution":"The appeals board's findings as summarised by Studvest; the decision itself was not inspected and its date is not given."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Jeg kjente mye på en skamfølelse over at jeg er en av de som jukser.'; 'Det var vanskelig å fokusere på studiet, og det gikk utover karakterene.'; 'Straffen for meg har vært de 15 månedene med uvisshet.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student describes shame and 15 months of uncertainty that made it hard to concentrate on her studies and hurt her grades.","causal_attribution":"The student's own account of the effect of the proceedings."}],"effects":[{"label":"grade withheld, exam annulled and two-semester exclusion after a report of suspected AI use, exclusion later struck on appeal","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"shame and 15 months of uncertainty that hurt concentration and grades","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.studvest.no/nyhet/matte-vente-i-15-maneder-pa-fuskesak-na-slipper-anna-utestengelse/179674","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"no","translation_note":"Read in full in the original Norwegian (HTML body and stripped text). The passages are quoted in Norwegian; the English renderings in the record are translations by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator.","independence_group":"studvest-uib-cheating-case-oct-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["education"],"unknowns":["Whether the student used AI in any part of the exam.","The course, the exact errors in the references and whether any AI-detection tool was used.","The date of the appeals board decision and whether the exam annulment was changed."],"geography":{"basis":"The exam, the report and the decisions took place at the University of Bergen and in the Norwegian national appeals board, as Studvest states. The student's own country is not stated, and no court was involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["NO"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete institutional response to suspected AI use: a reported suspicion of AI use led to a withheld grade, an annulled exam and a two-semester exclusion that the national appeals board struck after 15 months. The facts rest on one student newspaper's reporting of the student's and her lawyer's account and the decisions.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the university's response to suspected AI use: Studvest reports that errors in the exam's source references were the reason the course coordinator suspected AI use and reported the student, after which her grade was withheld, the exam annulled and an exclusion imposed until the national appeals board struck it. No AI output about the student and no detection tool is described, and she attributes the errors to submitting the wrong file, so the relation is recorded as unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"University of Bergen student reported over suspected AI use after source errors has exclusion struck on appeal after 15 months, student newspaper reports","summary":"A student at the University of Bergen (UiB), whom the student newspaper Studvest calls \"Anna\", submitted a portfolio exam in spring 2025. In June 2025, after the grading deadline, she was told her grade was withheld on suspicion of cheating. According to Studvest, several errors in the source references were why the course coordinator suspected use of AI and reported her to UiB's board for student cases. She says she had by mistake submitted an unfinished draft with a to-do list and notes to herself, and her lawyer told UiB the source errors came from that draft. In March 2026 the board annulled the exam and excluded her from UiB for two semesters, and UiB upheld the decision on 29 May 2026. On her appeal, the national appeals board for cheating cases (Felles klagenemnd) found that the wrong-file submission justified cutting the exclusion to one semester and struck the exclusion entirely because of UiB's long handling time. She describes shame and 15 months of uncertainty that made it hard to concentrate and hurt her grades. Whether she used AI is not established in the account; UiB says it does not comment on individual cases.","incidentDate":"2025-06-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-12","aiSystem":"No AI system is identified. The course coordinator suspected AI use because of errors in the exam's source references, according to Studvest; no detection tool and no AI output is described, and the student attributes the errors to submitting the wrong file","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI writing tool (suspected)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Studvest, the student's grade was withheld from June 2025 and the university annulled her exam and excluded her for two semesters in March 2026 after a report of suspected AI use; she describes shame and 15 months of uncertainty that hurt her concentration and grades, until the national appeals board struck the exclusion.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the student Studvest calls \"Anna\". Whether she used AI is not established, so she is counted outside own use.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"NO","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.studvest.no/nyhet/matte-vente-i-15-maneder-pa-fuskesak-na-slipper-anna-utestengelse/179674","primarySourceLabel":"Studvest, 12 October 2026: Waited 15 months for a cheating case, now \"Anna\" avoids exclusion","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-23T03:12:07.076932+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-23T03:12:07.076932+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["academic-integrity","suspected-ai-use","exclusion-struck-on-appeal","university","norway","handling-time"]},{"id":"2026-norway-barnevakten-chatgpt-teen-mode-applied-to-adult","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'En av Barnevaktens medarbeidere fikk plutselig beskjed fra Chatgpt om at kontoen nå var i tenåringsmodus.'; 'Systemet skrur det på hvis oppførselen til brukeren indikerer at alderen er under 18 år.'; 'Denne gangen var det altså en voksen person som opplevde at tenåringsmodus ble slått på uten å ha bedt om det.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"One of Barnevakten's staff members, an adult, was suddenly told by ChatGPT that their account was now in teen mode, which the system switches on when a user's behaviour indicates an age under 18 and which reduces sensitive content; the switch happened without a request because age is estimated afterwards from conversation topics and times of use.","causal_attribution":"Organisation's own account of a colleague's experience; the age-estimation mechanism is the organisation's description of the provider's pages."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hvis voksne opplever å havne i tenåringsmodus som de ikke ønsker, kan de gå gjennom en alderskontroll for å bevise at de er over 18 år.'; 'Chatgpt benytter selskapet Persona til å bekrefte alderen din.'; 'Opp til tre år nevnes som en mulighet.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The described way out of teen mode is an age check run by Persona that, depending on the country, asks for a real-time selfie and a government-issued ID; Barnevakten considers the process's privacy protections unclear, noting Persona's terms mention retention of up to three years.","causal_attribution":"Organisation's account and assessment; Persona's terms were not inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"an adult's ChatGPT account was switched into teen mode by an automated age estimate, restricting content, with an identity check through a third-party verifier as the described way out","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.barnevakten.no/chatgpt-skrudde-pa-tenaringsfilter-for-en-voksen-person/","kind":"other","access":"read","language":"nb-NO","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (Barnevakten, published 23 September 2026, categories Alderskontroll, KI, Sosial på nett; html lang=nb-NO). Norwegian; passages quoted in the original and paraphrased in English by the reviewer.","independence_group":"barnevakten"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","privacy"],"unknowns":["Whether the staff member completed the identity check or remained in teen mode, and for how long.","What the account holder had discussed that triggered the estimate.","Whether the switch caused any concrete loss beyond the content restriction.","Where the staff member lives or was when the account was switched (not stated; the organisation's country is not used).","When the account was switched into teen mode; the article of 23 September 2026 gives no date."],"geography":{"basis":"Unknown after review. The account is published by Barnevakten, a Norwegian organisation, about one of its own staff members, but the article states neither where the staff member lives nor where they were when the account was switched. The organisation's country is not used as the event or residence location. No proceeding.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a low-severity everyday-assistance case in which an AI product made a decision about a person: an automated age estimate placed an adult in a restricted mode and the route out required an identity check. Single organisational source (the publisher's own account of its staff member), claims recorded as reported; the staff member is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The account reports ChatGPT's own message that the account was now in teen mode, and describes the provider's stated behaviour-based age estimation; the message and the mode are the product's own actions as described by the account holder's organisation.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about","communicated_with"]},"name":"A Norwegian child-safety organisation reports that ChatGPT's behaviour-based age estimation switched an adult staff member's account into teen mode without a request, restricting content and offering an identity check through a third-party verifier as the way out (Barnevakten, 23 September 2026)","summary":"Barnevakten, a Norwegian child-safety organisation, reported on 23 September 2026 that one of its staff members was suddenly told by ChatGPT that their account was now in teen mode. ChatGPT's own pages, as described by Barnevakten, say the system turns the filter on when a user's behaviour indicates an age under 18, reducing sensitive or potentially harmful content (graphic violence, viral challenges, sexual or violent role-play, extreme beauty ideals) and offering parental controls and a study mode. Because there is no age check at sign-up, the system estimates age afterwards from conversation topics and times of use, and Barnevakten notes that such guesses can be wrong. An adult who wants out of teen mode can go through an age check run by the company Persona, which depending on the country asks for a real-time selfie and a government ID; Barnevakten questions whether that process is privacy-safe (Persona's terms mention retention of up to three years) and advises using only age checks one trusts. The account's own experience is limited to the unexpected switch and the verification route; no further consequence is described.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-23","aiSystem":"ChatGPT: behaviour-based age estimation and teen-mode content restrictions; age verification through Persona","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"An adult's ChatGPT account was placed in a restricted teen mode by an automated age estimate the account holder had not asked for, and the described route back to full access was an identity check with a third-party verifier which, depending on the country, asks for a real-time selfie and a government ID, whose data-retention terms the organisation considers unclear. The account describes no further consequence.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: 'En av Barnevaktens medarbeidere' (one of Barnevakten's staff members). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.barnevakten.no/chatgpt-skrudde-pa-tenaringsfilter-for-en-voksen-person/","primarySourceLabel":"Barnevakten, 23 September 2026: Chatgpt skrudde på tenåringsfilter for en voksen person","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-24T03:50:32.226789+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:47.10961+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","age-verification","teen-mode","norway","automated-decision","privacy","persona"]},{"id":"2025-holmen-norway-gdpr","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now checked against the inspected noyb press page. noyb describes him as the Norwegian user and refers to his home town without naming it; residence in Trondheim rests on the retained row, so affected-person country is NO by reported residence. The noyb page does not state where he queried ChatGPT or where the output was viewed, so the event location remains unknown after review. The complaint was filed with the Norwegian data protection authority (Datatilsynet), a regulator rather than a court, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Trondheim, Norway","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NO"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'When the Norwegian user Arve Hjalmar Holmen wanted to find out if ChatGPT had any information about him, he was confronted with a made up horror story'","location":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NO"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["NO"]},"unresolved":["The location where the ChatGPT output was generated or viewed is not stated in the inspected noyb page or the retained row; event_countries remains empty as a reviewed unknown.","No court proceeding: the Datatilsynet complaint is a regulatory complaint, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result.","The complaint PDF linked from the noyb page and any Norwegian-language coverage were not inspected; only the English press page was reviewed."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-23","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (noyb, 20 March 2025; html lang=en; the page offers translations in other languages). Describes the complainant as a Norwegian user, the fabricated output (murder of two of his children, attempted murder of his third son, 21-year sentence), the mix of real details including his home town, and the complaint filed with the Norwegian Datatilsynet. Does not locate the query or the viewing of the output.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Holmen v. OpenAI - Norway GDPR Complaint","summary":"ChatGPT falsely accused Norwegian citizen Arve Hjalmar Holmen of murdering two of his sons, attempting to murder his third son, and being sentenced to 21 years prison. Mixed real personal details with horrific fabrications. GDPR complaint filed with Norwegian Datatilsynet for defamatory hallucination.","incidentDate":"2025-03-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-03-15","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["psychological_manipulation","identity_destabilization","third_party_harm_facilitation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Arve Hjalmar Holmen discovered ChatGPT combining real personal details with false claims that he murdered two sons and attempted to murder a third. He filed a GDPR complaint over the defamatory output.","frameworkFacets":["P3a","P5b","P5c"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The regulator complaint documents one named participant's distress and reputational harm.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NO","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","primarySourceLabel":"noyb — 'AI hallucinations: ChatGPT created a fake child murderer', the complaint filed with Datatilsynet","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:13:04.624733+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:05.427919+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["norway","gdpr","chatgpt","defamation","hallucination","noyb","false_accusations"]}]}