{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T13:55:53.238Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "non-consensual-imagery",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "2025",
      "response": "",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 1,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 1,
      "countries": 1,
      "languages": 2,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 0,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 0,
      "minors": 0,
      "coreRelations": 1,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 0,
      "relationPending": 0,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2026-seoul-lab-colleagues-deepfake-sentence",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 1-2: 서울북부지법 형사5단독 권소영 판사, 10일, 징역 1년6개월; 40시간 성폭력 치료 프로그램 이수; 취업제한 5년; 중국 국적 A(30)씨.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 1-3: 징역 1년 6개월; 40시간 치료프로그램; 5년간 취업제한; 중국 국적 대학원생 (30).",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Opening paragraphs report the same 18-month sentence and associated orders but date sentencing to 9 September. That date contradicts the 10 September date reported by Newsis and News1; this source does not corroborate the exact date.",
                "relation": "contradicts",
                "source_id": "s3"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "On 10 September 2026 the Seoul Northern District Court sentenced a 30-year-old Chinese national doctoral student to 18 months in prison under the Sexual Violence Punishment Act for habitually producing manipulated sexual images of seven women from his university research laboratory, and ordered a 40-hour treatment programme and a five-year employment restriction at institutions for children, adolescents and people with disabilities.",
            "causal_attribution": "Court judgment as reported by Newsis, News1 via Dong-A and The Korea Herald via The Straits Times; the written judgment was not inspected. The Korean accounts give 10 September while the Korea Herald copy gives 9 September. The record follows the two Korean accounts and retains the unresolved date discrepancy."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 5-8: 지난해 11월부터 약 6개월간; 1141개; 개인 노트북에 보관; 유포됐다고 확실히 볼 만한 정황은 없다.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 5-6 and 8: 1141건; 유포됐다고 볼 만한 사정은 없는 점.",
                "relation": "context",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 4: 1,141 files; paragraph 9: no evidence the content had been distributed.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Investigators found 1,141 manipulated images and videos on his computer, produced over about six months from November 2025 using the victims' facial photographs; the court found no evidence the material had been distributed.",
            "causal_attribution": "Findings of the court as reported."
          },
          {
            "id": "c3",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 8: 생성형 인공지능(AI) '그록'의 안전장치를 우회하는 방법을 검색한 기록도 확인됐다.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 5: 'Investigators also found that he had searched for ways to bypass safeguards built into Grok, a generative AI chatbot.'",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Investigators also found records of searches for ways to bypass the safeguards of the generative AI Grok.",
            "causal_attribution": "Reported from the investigation; the reporting does not state which tool generated the images."
          },
          {
            "id": "c4",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraph 12: 'a lawyer representing five of the victims asked the court to impose a harsh sentence, saying they continued to suffer from fear, trauma and emotional distress'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "A lawyer representing five of the victims told the court they continued to suffer fear, trauma and emotional distress.",
            "causal_attribution": "Victims' representative's statement as reported by The Korea Herald."
          },
          {
            "id": "c5",
            "status": "corroborated",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 4 and 9-10: 각 700만원 형사 공탁, 수령 거부; 검찰 징역 3년 구형, 신상정보 공개·고지 요청.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 6-7 and 9: 700만원씩 공탁, 수령 거부; 신상정보 공개·고지 명령 면제; 검찰 징역 3년 구형.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s2"
              },
              {
                "locator": "Paragraphs 7 and 10-11.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s3"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "The defendant deposited 7 million won per victim with the court; the victims refused to accept it. Prosecutors had sought three years and public disclosure of his identity, which the court declined.",
            "causal_attribution": "Procedural facts as reported."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "nonconsensual_sexualized_imagery",
            "claim_id": "c1",
            "direction": "negative"
          },
          {
            "label": "psychological_distress",
            "claim_id": "c4",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260910_0003784048",
            "kind": "news_report_court",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "ko",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Korean original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.",
            "independence_group": "newsis"
          },
          {
            "id": "s2",
            "url": "https://www.donga.com/news/Society/article/all/20260910/134641563/1",
            "kind": "news_agency_report_syndicated_court",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "ko",
            "translation_note": "Model read the Korean original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. This Dong-A page is a News1 wire report, explicitly credited at the article’s beginning and end.",
            "independence_group": "news1"
          },
          {
            "id": "s3",
            "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/chinese-student-sentenced-to-18-months-jail-in-s-korea-for-creating-1100-deepfakes-of-colleagues",
            "kind": "news_report_syndicated",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "The Korea Herald report carried by The Straits Times (Asia News Network); read in English on 2026-09-15.",
            "independence_group": "korea-herald"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "education",
          "privacy",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "Which tool or service generated the images is not stated; the Grok safeguard-bypass searches are the only named system.",
          "Whether either side appealed the first-instance sentence is not known.",
          "The victims' ages are not reported; the university is not named here.",
          "The written judgment was not inspected.",
          "Exact event start day and end date are not reported; the sources describe about six months from November 2025.",
          "Sentencing date differs across inspected reports: Newsis and News1 say 10 September 2026; the Korea Herald copy says 9 September. The written judgment was not inspected to resolve this."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Event and affected persons: the women and defendant worked or studied in the same university research laboratory in Seoul (Newsis; News1 via Dong-A). Court: Seoul Northern District Court. Newsis and News1 date the sentence to 10 September 2026; the Korea Herald copy gives 9 September.",
          "court_countries": [
            "KR"
          ],
          "event_countries": [
            "KR"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "KR"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Published after source, duplicate and sensitivity review under the 2026-09-15 charter: a first-instance criminal judgment reported by two Korean outlets and The Korea Herald. Neither the defendant nor the victims are named; no image content is described beyond the court's characterisation.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "The court convicted the defendant of habitually editing and compositing the victims' faces into sexual images; Dong-A Ilbo and The Korea Herald report that investigators found search records for ways to bypass the safeguards of the generative AI Grok. The tool that produced the images is not named in the inspected reporting.",
          "status": "supported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "Seoul: doctoral student sentenced to 18 months for 1,141 AI-manipulated sexual images of seven laboratory colleagues",
      "summary": "On 10 September 2026 the Seoul Northern District Court sentenced a 30-year-old Chinese national doctoral student to 18 months in prison for habitually producing manipulated sexual images of seven women who worked in his university research laboratory. Investigators found 1,141 files made over about six months from November 2025, and search records for ways to bypass the safeguards of the generative AI Grok; the court found no evidence of distribution. A lawyer for five of the victims said they continued to suffer fear, trauma and distress. Prosecutors had sought three years and public disclosure of his identity, which the court declined.",
      "incidentDate": "2025-11-01",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "month",
      "exposurePattern": "unknown",
      "reportedDate": "2026-09-10",
      "aiSystem": "Generative AI image tools (unspecified; investigators found searches for bypassing Grok's safeguards)",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "verified",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "exploitation_or_abuse",
        "psychological_distress"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "Seven women had their faces composited into sexual images and videos without consent; a lawyer for five of them told the court they continued to suffer fear, trauma and emotional distress.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 7,
      "affectedCountStatus": "exact",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "The court identified seven victims, members of the same research laboratory (Newsis; Dong-A; Korea Herald). The defendant is not counted.",
      "victimAgeRange": "unknown",
      "outcomeType": "criminal_charges",
      "outcomeStatus": "ongoing",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260910_0003784048",
      "primarySourceLabel": "뉴시스 (Newsis), 10 September 2026: \"'동료 여성 딥페이크 1141개 제작' 중국인 유학생, 징역 1년6개월\"",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T03:23:43.390259+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfakes",
        "south-korea",
        "non-consensual-imagery",
        "university",
        "criminal-charges",
        "grok"
      ]
    }
  ]
}