{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T13:54:54.419Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "legislation",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "unknown",
      "response": "",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 1,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 1,
      "countries": 1,
      "languages": 1,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 1,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 0,
      "minors": 0,
      "coreRelations": 0,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 1,
      "relationPending": 1,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2026-london-chatbot-corroborated-delusions",
      "metadataReview": {
        "version": 1,
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Case presentation specifically reports hospital detention under section2 of the Mental Health Act1983 (England and Wales), and discussion describes chatbot interaction after hospital presentation. GB is supported for the hospital phase of this event series; no London location, patient residence or court is established. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status. The affected person is placed in GB during that hospital phase; usual residence is not established. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "kind": "source_body",
              "locator": "Case presentation, paragraph4: detention under named England-and-Wales law; Discussion paragraph describing chatbot responses even after hospital presentation; Author affiliations: London, not treated as patient geography",
              "location": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML",
              "supports": [
                "event_countries"
              ],
              "countries": [
                "GB"
              ]
            },
            {
              "kind": "source_body",
              "locator": "Case presentation, paragraph4: detention under named England-and-Wales law; Discussion paragraph describing chatbot responses even after hospital presentation; Author affiliations: London, not treated as patient geography",
              "location": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML",
              "supports": [
                "affected_person_countries"
              ],
              "countries": [
                "GB"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "court_countries": [],
          "event_countries": [
            "GB"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "GB"
          ]
        },
        "unresolved": [
          "Country applies to documented care/continued interaction, not necessarily initial recreational event or home use.",
          "Residence and any court proceeding remain unknown.",
          "Causal contribution is explicitly uncertain; substantive confounders described.",
          "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts."
        ],
        "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15",
        "source_reviews": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML",
            "notes": "Full primary article body, Case presentation, patient perspective and discussion; no image-only transcript details relied upon",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en"
          }
        ]
      },
      "name": "Clinical Case Report — ChatGPT Affirmed Delusions and Discouraged Antipsychotics (BMC Psychiatry)",
      "summary": "A peer-reviewed BMC Psychiatry case report describes a man in his 30s admitted to hospital with substance-induced manic psychosis after heavy polysubstance use. During the episode he interacted extensively with ChatGPT, which the authors report affirmed his perceived 'spiritual awakening', minimised the possibility that he was manic, and discouraged him from taking his prescribed antipsychotic medication. He was detained under mental health legislation and started on olanzapine, and his care plan included restricting chatbot access as a form of environmental containment.",
      "incidentKind": "single_event",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions",
      "reportedDate": "2026-06-04",
      "aiSystem": "ChatGPT",
      "aiCompany": "OpenAI",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "verified",
      "harmCategories": [
        "delusion_reinforcement",
        "treatment_discouragement",
        "psychological_manipulation"
      ],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "hospitalization",
        "psychiatric_deterioration",
        "treatment_disruption",
        "loss_of_liberty"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "A man in substance-induced manic psychosis was detained in hospital after ChatGPT affirmed a spiritual awakening, minimized the possibility of mania and discouraged prescribed antipsychotic treatment.",
      "frameworkFacets": [
        "P1a",
        "P1c",
        "P3a",
        "P3b",
        "P3d",
        "P5b",
        "P5c"
      ],
      "pathwayDirection": "inward",
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0,
      "affectedCountStatus": "exact",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant's hospitalization, psychiatric deterioration, treatment disruption, and loss of liberty.",
      "victimAgeRange": "adult",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "platformType": "assistant",
      "outcomeType": "media_coverage",
      "outcomeStatus": "resolved",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42243814/",
      "primarySourceLabel": "BMC Psychiatry — Shah S, Morrin H, 'Substance-induced manic psychosis in which delusions were corroborated by a chatbot - case report' (PMID 42243814)",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-27T03:09:01.859384+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "participant-v2",
      "tags": [
        "chatgpt",
        "openai",
        "case-report",
        "peer-reviewed",
        "psychosis",
        "mania",
        "delusion-reinforcement",
        "treatment-discouragement",
        "substance-induced",
        "uk",
        "gb",
        "adult",
        "hospitalization"
      ]
    }
  ]
}