{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-14T14:58:44.333Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"lawyers","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":11,"coverage":{"cases":11,"countries":5,"languages":5,"unknownLocation":6,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":2,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":4,"minors":0,"coreRelations":11,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-johannesburg-high-court-refers-applicant-lawyers-to-legal-practice-council-over-ai-tool-fictitious-citations","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'two cases cited in Northbound Processing'; 'were fictitious'; 'the revised version contained two additional incorrect citations'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'heads of argument contained fictitious case citations that appeared to have been generated by artificial intelligence'; 'contained two additional incorrect citations'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"While preparing judgment in Northbound Processing's urgent application against the South African Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator, the acting judge found that two cases cited in the applicant's heads of argument did not exist, and a corrected version supplied by junior counsel contained two further incorrect citations.","causal_attribution":"The judgment as described by ITWeb and by a law-firm alert; both rest on the same judgment, which was not read."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'acknowledged that the non-existent citations likely originated from an AI tool'; 'he had used a tool called'; 'which claimed to be trained solely on South African legal sources'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'counsel acknowledged the use of AI, accepted full responsibility'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On the court's direct inquiry, junior counsel acknowledged that the non-existent citations likely originated from an AI tool and said a tool called Legal Genius had been used under deadline pressure.","causal_attribution":"Counsel's statement to the court as relayed by ITWeb; the law-firm alert relays the acknowledgment without naming the tool."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'found no intent to deceive the court'; 'be referred to the Legal Practice Council for investigation'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'a referral to the Legal Practice Council for investigation'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The judge accepted the legal team's apologies and found no intent to deceive the court, but ordered that the conduct of Northbound's legal practitioners be referred to the Legal Practice Council for investigation.","causal_attribution":"The court's order as described by both accounts of the judgment."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'While Northbound ultimately succeeded in obtaining the relief sought'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Northbound nevertheless obtained the relief it sought in the application.","causal_attribution":"The law-firm alert's account of the judgment."}],"effects":[{"label":"the applicant's legal practitioners were referred to the Legal Practice Council for investigation over fictitious citations","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.itweb.co.za/article/lawyers-face-probe-for-using-hallucinating-genai-in-court/Pero3MZ3221qQb6m","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). ITWeb reports from court documents it saw; the judgment itself was not available to the agent.","independence_group":"northbound-processing-judgment-zagpjhc"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.cliffedekkerhofmeyr.com/en/news/publications/2025/Practice/Employment-Law/combined-employment-and-knowledge-management-alert-4-july-Another-episode-of-fabricated-citations-real-repercussions-South-African-courts-show-no-tolerance-for-AI-hallucinated-cases","kind":"other","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 from a 2025 Internet Archive capture (the live page returned HTTP 403). A law-firm client alert analysing the same judgment; same origin as ITWeb.","independence_group":"northbound-processing-judgment-zagpjhc"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["The exact date of the judgment and of the referral order.","How many practitioners were referred and the outcome of any Legal Practice Council investigation.","Which citations Legal Genius produced and whether the tool provider responded."],"geography":{"basis":"The heads were filed in, and the referral ordered by, the Gauteng Division of the High Court, Johannesburg (ITWeb, Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr). Where counsel prepared the heads is not stated, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court seat.","court_countries":["ZA"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because two accounts of the judgment report that the court referred the applicant's lawyers to the Legal Practice Council after heads of argument cited non-existent cases, and that junior counsel told the court the citations likely came from the AI tool Legal Genius.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-14"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"ITWeb, which saw the court documents, reports that on the court's direct inquiry junior counsel acknowledged that the non-existent citations in the heads of argument likely originated from an AI tool and said a tool called Legal Genius had been used under deadline pressure; Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr's analysis of the judgment says counsel acknowledged the use of AI. The tool's output (citations of cases that do not exist) was filed in the heads, and the court referred the practitioners to the Legal Practice Council because fictitious authorities were placed before it. The attribution rests on counsel's acknowledgment as relayed by these two accounts of the judgment; the judgment itself was not read.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Johannesburg High Court refers a company's lawyers to the Legal Practice Council over fictitious citations that junior counsel said likely came from an AI tool","summary":"In an urgent application by Northbound Processing against the South African Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator, Acting Judge DJ Smit of the Gauteng High Court, Johannesburg, found while preparing judgment that two cases cited in the applicant's heads of argument did not exist. According to ITWeb, which saw the court documents, junior counsel first said a wrong version had been filed, a corrected version was found to contain two further incorrect citations, and on the court's direct inquiry junior counsel acknowledged that the citations likely originated from an AI tool called Legal Genius, used under deadline pressure. The judge accepted the legal team's apologies and found no intent to deceive, but referred the conduct of the applicant's legal practitioners to the Legal Practice Council for investigation (June 2025). The applicant obtained the relief it sought.","incidentDate":"2025-06-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-07-02","aiSystem":"Legal Genius, an AI legal research tool that junior counsel told the court had been used and which, junior counsel said, claimed to be trained solely on South African legal sources","aiProduct":"Legal Genius (reported)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to ITWeb and a law-firm alert on the judgment, the court referred the applicant's legal practitioners to the Legal Practice Council for investigation after heads of argument cited non-existent cases that junior counsel said likely came from the AI tool Legal Genius.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One person counted: the junior counsel who told the court the tool had been used, among the legal practitioners whose conduct was referred. The order refers the practitioners as a group and the sources read do not state how many were referred, so others are unquantified. The applicant company is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"ZA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.itweb.co.za/article/lawyers-face-probe-for-using-hallucinating-genai-in-court/Pero3MZ3221qQb6m","primarySourceLabel":"ITWeb, 2 July 2025: Lawyers face probe for using hallucinating GenAI in court","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-14T03:03:33.803607+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T03:03:33.803607+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["south-africa","johannesburg","high-court","fictitious-citations","legal-practice-council","legal-research-tool"]},{"id":"2025-colorado-federal-court-fines-mypillow-defence-lawyers-over-brief-with-fabricated-citations-after-ai-admission","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Defendants filed their Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff'; 'the Court identified nearly thirty defective citations in the Opposition'; 'and most egregiously, citation of cases that do not exist'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'and most egregiously, citation of cases that do not exist'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The defendants' opposition to the plaintiff's motion in limine, filed on 25 February 2025 and signed by Kachouroff and DeMaster, contained nearly thirty defective citations, including misquotes and citations of cases that do not exist.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court orders, which record the court's own review of the filed brief."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Was this motion generated by generative'; 'Initially, I did an outline for myself, and I'; 'drafted a motion, and then we ran it through AI'; 'I personally did not check it'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Final Pretrial/Trial Preparation Conference held on April 21, 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"At the final pretrial conference on 21 April 2025, asked whether the motion was generated by generative artificial intelligence, Kachouroff said he had drafted it and then ran it through AI, and that he personally did not check the citations.","causal_attribution":"Counsel's statement to the court, quoted from the transcript in the 7 July order; it establishes what counsel said, and the AI's role in the defective citations rests on that statement and the co-counsel declaration."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'believed some of these citations were likely from AI drafts'; 'I do not rely on AI to do legal research or find cases'; 'the use of generative artificial intelligence or gross carelessness by counsel'; 'Nor is this Court persuaded by counsel'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Co-counsel's declaration said Kachouroff had told her he believed some of the citations were likely from AI drafts; counsel also said a wrong draft had been filed by mistake and Kachouroff declared he does not rely on AI to do legal research or find cases. The court was not persuaded by the wrong-draft explanation and found no explanation of how the citations appeared absent generative AI or gross carelessness.","causal_attribution":"The declarations' content and the court's findings are documented by the order; the order does not itself find which tool produced the citations."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'The Court hereby SANCTIONS Christopher I. Kachouroff and the law firm'; 'The Court hereby SANCTIONS Jennifer T. DeMaster in the amount of'; 'this Court does not extend the sanctions to Defendants'; 'no later than August 4, 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A federal judge ordered two attorneys representing MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell in a Colorado defamation case to pay $3,000 each'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 7 July 2025 the court held that Kachouroff and DeMaster violated Rule 11 and sanctioned Kachouroff and his law firm jointly $3,000 and DeMaster $3,000, payable by 4 August 2025, and did not extend the sanctions to Lindell or his companies.","causal_attribution":"Established by the operative part of the 7 July order; NPR relays it."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Kachouroff and DeMaster didn'; 'request for comment'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"NPR reported that Kachouroff and DeMaster did not respond to its request for comment.","causal_attribution":"NPR's own report of its request."}],"effects":[{"label":"two defence lawyers were fined $3,000 each for a brief with fabricated citations that lead counsel said had been run through AI","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129/pdf/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129-10.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). Order of 7 July 2025 (Doc. 383, 20 pages) read in full; the hearing transcript, the declarations and the draft exhibits it cites were not read separately.","independence_group":"coomer-v-lindell-d-colo-sanctions-orders"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129/pdf/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129-8.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). Order to show cause of 23 April 2025 (Doc. 309) read in full.","independence_group":"coomer-v-lindell-d-colo-sanctions-orders"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.npr.org/2025/07/10/nx-s1-5463512/ai-courts-lawyers-mypillow-fines","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). NPR reports the 7 July order and quotes it; it adds that the lawyers did not respond to a request for comment.","independence_group":"coomer-v-lindell-d-colo-sanctions-orders"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","others_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used on the brief and which citations it introduced.","Whether either lawyer has faced bar disciplinary proceedings over the brief; the final order imposes fines only."],"geography":{"basis":"The brief was filed in, and the sanctions imposed by, the US District Court for the District of Colorado (both orders). Where the lawyers drafted the brief is not stated, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court seat.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because the court's 7 July 2025 order documents that two defence lawyers were fined $3,000 each for a brief with nearly thirty defective citations, including non-existent cases, and quotes lead counsel's statement in court that the draft was run through AI and not checked.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-14"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's 7 July 2025 order quotes lead counsel's answer at the 21 April 2025 conference that after drafting the motion 'we ran it through AI' and that he did not check the citations, and quotes co-counsel's declaration that he believed some of the citations were likely from AI drafts. The filed brief contained citations of cases that do not exist, and the court found counsel gave no explanation of how those citations appeared absent the use of generative artificial intelligence or gross carelessness; it fined both lawyers for the brief. The AI output is thus connected to the sanctioned filing by counsel's own statements in the court record. Counsel later declared that he does not rely on AI to do legal research or find cases, and the court did not identify the tool.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Colorado federal court fines two MyPillow defence lawyers $3,000 each over a brief with fabricated citations; lead counsel had admitted running it through AI","summary":"In the defamation case Coomer v. Lindell in the US District Court for the District of Colorado, a brief that lawyers for Mike Lindell and MyPillow filed on 25 February 2025 contained nearly thirty defective citations, including citations of cases that do not exist. At a conference on 21 April 2025 lead counsel Christopher Kachouroff told Judge Nina Y. Wang that he had drafted the motion and then 'ran it through AI' and had not personally checked the citations. Counsel later said a wrong draft had been filed by mistake; the court was not persuaded. On 7 July 2025 the court found that he and co-counsel Jennifer DeMaster had violated Rule 11 and fined each $3,000 (Kachouroff jointly with his law firm). The court did not sanction Lindell or his companies.","incidentDate":"2025-02-25","incidentEndDate":"2025-07-07","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-04-23","aiSystem":"A generative AI tool that lead counsel said the draft brief was run through; the court record does not identify which tool was used for this brief","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI drafting tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","financial_loss","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the court's 7 July 2025 order, two defence lawyers were found to have violated Rule 11 and were each fined $3,000 after filing a brief with nearly thirty defective citations, including non-existent cases, which lead counsel had said was run through AI.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people sanctioned in the 7 July 2025 order: lead counsel, who told the court the draft was run through AI (counted as the AI user), and co-counsel who signed the brief, whose own use of AI is not established (counted as another person harmed). The law firm is an organisation and is not counted; the defendants were not sanctioned.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129/pdf/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129-10.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"US District Court for the District of Colorado, Coomer v. Lindell, order on the order to show cause (Doc. 383), 7 July 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-14T03:03:29.9489+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T03:03:29.9489+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["colorado","federal-court","defamation-case","lawyers","fabricated-citations","rule-11-sanction","generative-ai"]},{"id":"2026-spanish-dubbing-actor-claudio-serrano-says-ai-platform-offers-unauthorised-clone-of-his-voice","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'una plataforma estadounidense de la que no comenta el nombre para no hacer publicidad cuenta con un perfil en el que aparece su nombre, su imagen e incluso un extracto de su voz clonada presentándose'; 'una plataforma de inteligencia artificial clone su voz sin su permiso'; 'estuviera ahí y lo pudiera usar cualquier para hacer lo que le diera la gana'; 'mucho cuidado con lo que se le está dando gratis a la IA'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'una plataforma estadounidense incluye un perfil con su nombre, su imagen y un extracto de una voz clonada que se presenta como si fuera él.'; 'Serrano compartió su denuncia a través de TikTok.'; 'estuviera ahí y lo pudiera usar cualquiera para hacer lo que le diera la gana'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Serrano says a US-based platform, which he did not name, has a profile with his name, his image and an excerpt of a clone of his voice presenting itself, made without his permission, and that the voice sits there for anyone to use for whatever they want; Computer Hoy and Infobae describe it as an artificial intelligence platform.","causal_attribution":"The actor's own account in a video, relayed by two outlets (one origin)."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'la propia plataforma le pide un captcha de voz para verificar que es el Serrano original'; '\"Los abogados están con ello y a ver qué podemos hacer\", asegura Serrano.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'la plataforma le solicita superar un captcha de voz para demostrar que él es la persona que presenta la denuncia.'; '“Los abogados están con ello y a ver qué podemos hacer”, aseguró Serrano'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Serrano says the platform asked him to pass a voice captcha to verify his identity when he complained, and that his lawyers are working on the matter.","causal_attribution":"The actor's own account, relayed by two outlets (one origin)."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'\"desc\":\"Lo de que te clonen la voz sin tu permiso… #clonar #IA #doblaje #locucion #voiceover  ¿Qué opináis? Os leo.'; '\"createTime\":\"1789138430\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Serrano posted a TikTok video captioned 'Lo de que te clonen la voz sin tu permiso…' on 11 September 2026 (TikTok createTime 1789138430).","causal_attribution":"The post's own caption and platform timestamp."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice cloned and offered on an AI platform under his name and image without permission","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"asked by the platform to pass a voice captcha to complain; lawyers engaged","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://computerhoy.20minutos.es/tecnologia/actor-doblaje-batman-drama-los-derechos-autor-mucho-cuidado-con-que-le-damos-gratis-ia-volvamos-hacer-las-cosas-bien_7038152_0.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-10-13 through the MSN syndication copy (assets.msn.com Detail JSON, provider Computer Hoy, published 2026-10-12T06:45Z); the origin returned HTTP 403. Translation by the research agent (an AI). Relays Serrano's TikTok video.","independence_group":"serrano-tiktok-video"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.infobae.com/tecno/2026/10/12/la-voz-de-batman-y-ant-man-en-espanol-denuncio-que-una-ia-clono-su-voz-sin-autorizacion/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200). Translation by the research agent (an AI). Relays the same TikTok video, so it shares an independence group with s1.","independence_group":"serrano-tiktok-video"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.tiktok.com/@claudioserrano_oficial/video/7684291025673751841","kind":"first_person_account","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"TikTok oEmbed and page JSON read on 2026-10-13 (HTTP 200): caption and createTime only; the video's audio was not inspected. Translation by the research agent (an AI).","independence_group":"serrano-tiktok-video"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy"],"unknowns":["The platform's name, its description of the voice and how the clone was made","When the profile appeared and whether anyone has used the cloned voice","Any response from the platform and the outcome of his lawyers' work","The full content of the TikTok video (audio not inspected)"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the platform is described as US-based, but a provider's headquarters does not locate the event and where the profile was made or accessed is not stated. Affected person: he is described as a Spanish dubbing actor; nationality and working language do not establish where he was when affected. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported first-person account: dubbing actor Claudio Serrano said in a TikTok video of 11 September 2026, relayed by Computer Hoy and Infobae, that an unnamed US-based AI platform offers a clone of his voice under his name and image without his permission, that it asked him for a voice captcha when he complained, and that his lawyers are working on it. The platform is unnamed and its account is unknown. He is named as a public performer who made the complaint publicly himself.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-13"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Serrano says, in his own TikTok video as relayed by Computer Hoy and Infobae, that a US-based platform carries a profile with his name and image and an excerpt of a clone of his voice presenting itself, and that the voice sits there for anyone to use for whatever they want; in the same video he warns about what is given free to AI. The basis for AI generation is the platform's offering as he observed it: a voice on a platform profile that anyone can use to say whatever they want is a reusable generated voice, which a recording or a human imitator cannot be. Both outlets describe it as an artificial intelligence platform. The cloned voice impersonates him (depicted_or_impersonated) and is the object of his complaint. The platform is unnamed and its listing was not inspected for this record, so the platform's own description of the voice and how it was made rest on his account.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Spanish dubbing actor Claudio Serrano says a US-based AI platform offers an unauthorised clone of his voice under his name and image","summary":"Claudio Serrano, the Spanish dubbing actor who is the Spanish-language voice of Batman and Ant-Man, said in a TikTok video posted on 11 September 2026 that a US-based artificial intelligence platform, which he did not name, has a profile carrying his name, his image and an excerpt of a clone of his voice presenting itself, made and offered without his permission. Computer Hoy and Infobae relayed the video on 12 October 2026. Serrano said that when he tried to complain, the platform asked him to pass a voice captcha to prove he is the real Serrano, and that his lawyers are working on the matter. The platform's account of the voice, its name and any response are unknown.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-12","aiSystem":"Unnamed US-based AI platform offering a cloned version of the actor's voice on a profile with his name and image, as he describes it","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Serrano says an AI platform offers a clone of his voice under his name and image without his permission, that it asked him to pass a voice captcha when he complained, and that his lawyers are working on the matter.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: Serrano, whose voice he says was cloned and offered (claim c1). He did not use the platform to make the clone. No users of the cloned voice or people deceived by it are reported.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://computerhoy.20minutos.es/tecnologia/actor-doblaje-batman-drama-los-derechos-autor-mucho-cuidado-con-que-le-damos-gratis-ia-volvamos-hacer-las-cosas-bien_7038152_0.html","primarySourceLabel":"Computer Hoy, 12 October 2026: the Batman dubbing actor and the copyright drama","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-13T03:13:36.683256+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T03:13:36.683256+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-actor","dubbing","unauthorised-use","first-person-account","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-wisconsin-cooke-van-orden-ai-deepfake-videos-cease-and-desist","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Take, for example, the video posted to your X account on August 4, 2026.'; 'in Eau Claire with former President Biden seated behind her.'; 'to take advantage of as much corruption as possible and give every illegal alien free healthcare.'; 'The video is pure fiction. The events depicted did not occur. Ms. Cooke never made the statements attributed to her.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The letter specifically cites an AI video that Derrick Van Orden posted to his X account on Aug. 4, 2026.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A cease-and-desist letter sent on behalf of Cooke for Congress on 30 September 2026 says Van Orden posted to his X account on 4 August 2026 a video purporting to show Cooke speaking on the campaign trail in Eau Claire with former President Biden seated behind her and attributing to her the statement that she seeks to take advantage of as much corruption as possible and give every illegal alien free healthcare; the letter says the events did not occur and she never made the statements.","causal_attribution":"The letter documents the campaign's description and allegation; it is a party's document, and the post itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'has repeatedly used artificial intelligence to post videos to his X account, showing Cooke saying things she never said.'; 'The videos posted to that platform come with an automatic label, indicating that they were made with \"Grok Imagine,\" an AI image and video generator.'; 'Let the peasants eat cake. They will vote for me anyway.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'your pattern of posting misleading AI-generated videos that falsely attribute statements to Ms. Cooke that she did not make'; 'posting myriad such videos.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Van Orden has repeatedly posted AI-generated videos to his X account showing Cooke saying things she never said, including an AI-generated version of her saying 'Let the peasants eat cake. They will vote for me anyway', and the videos carry an automatic label indicating they were made with Grok Imagine.","causal_attribution":"Wisconsin Public Radio's own description of the posts and their platform label, with the campaign letter alleging a pattern; whether the statements are false is the candidate's account."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'for the patently obvious purpose of harming Ms. Cooke’s reputation for your own political advantage'; 'deepfake statute only applies to communications by Wisconsin committees, and thus does not apply to federal candidates.'; 'Wisconsin’s common law of defamation fills the gaps yet remaining in Wisconsin’s statutory protections against fake AI'; 'we will evaluate all legal options to address that misconduct.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The letter alleges the videos are posted for the purpose of harming her reputation for political advantage, says Wisconsin's deepfake statute applies only to communications by Wisconsin committees and not to federal candidates, invokes the common law of defamation, and warns that her lawyers will evaluate all legal options if the conduct persists.","causal_attribution":"The letter establishes what the campaign alleges and threatens; the defamation allegation is untested."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'is instead spending his time and energy producing AI videos putting words in my mouth'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'is instead spending his time and energy producing AI videos putting words in my mouth, pretending that I said things that I didn'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Cooke said in a statement that Van Orden is spending his time and energy producing AI videos putting words in her mouth.","causal_attribution":"The candidate's own statement, issued through her campaign."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Rebecca Cooke has spent six years running for office, lying to voters about who she is and her record'; 'Van Orden responded to the cease-and-desist letter with another Grok-assisted video.'; 'The short clip includes a red AI-generated duck.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Van Orden's campaign said Cooke has spent six years running for office lying to voters about who she is and her record, and Van Orden responded to the letter with another Grok-assisted video in which an AI-generated duck says 'Cease and desist!'.","causal_attribution":"Van Orden's campaign release and posts as reported by WPR; his reported responses do not address whether the attributed statements are fabricated."}],"effects":[{"label":"a congressional candidate was depicted in AI-generated videos posted by her opponent saying things she says she never said","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.wpr.org/news/cooke-cease-and-desist-letter-van-orden-ai-deepfakes","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-02 (Wisconsin Public Radio, Sarah Lehr, published 1 October 2026). Republished by Urban Milwaukee (also read). The description of the X posts and their Grok Imagine label is the reporter's own; the account of the letter derives from the letter.","independence_group":"wpr"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cqk8OPoIGN__tQeSgNPW0RqHYJr82Xuo/view","kind":"legal_letter","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Two-page letter dated 30 September 2026 from Ben Stafford, Elias Law Group, on behalf of Cooke for Congress, linked from the WEAU and Urban Milwaukee articles; downloaded from Google Drive on 2026-10-02 and converted with pdftotext. A party's own document: it establishes what the campaign alleges, not that the allegations are true.","independence_group":"cooke-campaign"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.weau.com/2026/09/30/rebecca-cooke-sends-derrick-van-orden-cease-desist-over-ai-deepfake-videos/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-02 (WEAU Staff, 30 September 2026). Based on the campaign's press release and the letter; Van Orden's statement to WEAU is announced but its text is not in the retrieved page.","independence_group":"cooke-campaign"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["elections","public_life"],"unknowns":["How many such videos were posted and when the first was posted; 4 August 2026 is the earliest specific post in the inspected sources.","Whether every video was made with Grok Imagine, as the platform label reported for the posts indicates, or with other tools.","Van Orden's statement to WEAU, which was not in the retrieved page.","Whether the campaign will pursue a defamation claim or other legal action."],"geography":{"basis":"The videos concern the race for Wisconsin's 3rd Congressional District, and the 4 August video purports to show the candidate in Eau Claire, Wisconsin (letter, WPR, WEAU). No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated) consistent with 2026-texas-goodwin-ai-deepfake-campaign-ads-sheriff-complaint: a candidate's lawyers' letter, read in full, documents the campaign's allegation that her opponent posted AI-generated videos showing her saying things she never said, and Wisconsin Public Radio describes the posts and their Grok Imagine label. The harm is reputational and electoral and is alleged by the candidate; the opponent's campaign disputes her account of her record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-02"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The cease-and-desist letter calls the posts AI-generated deepfake videos, and Wisconsin Public Radio reports that the videos posted to X carry an automatic label indicating they were made with Grok Imagine. The response from Van Orden's campaign quoted by WPR does not address whether the videos are AI-generated (his statement to WEAU was not in the retrieved page), and WPR describes his answer to the letter as another Grok-assisted video.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Wisconsin: lawyers for congressional candidate Rebecca Cooke sent Rep. Derrick Van Orden a cease-and-desist letter on 30 September 2026 over AI-generated videos posted on his X account that show her making statements she never made; Wisconsin Public Radio reports the videos carry an automatic label indicating Grok Imagine","summary":"Rebecca Cooke, the Democratic challenger in Wisconsin's 3rd Congressional District, says Republican Rep. Derrick Van Orden has repeatedly posted AI-generated videos to his X account that put words in her mouth. A cease-and-desist letter sent on her campaign's behalf on 30 September 2026 by Elias Law Group cites a video posted on 4 August 2026 that purports to show her speaking on the campaign trail in Eau Claire with former President Biden seated behind her and saying she seeks 'to take advantage of as much corruption as possible and give every illegal alien free healthcare'. The letter calls the video 'pure fiction', says she never made the statements, alleges the videos are posted to harm her reputation, and warns that her lawyers will evaluate all legal options. Wisconsin Public Radio reports that the videos posted to X carry an automatic label indicating they were made with Grok Imagine, and quotes two other AI-generated lines attributed to her. Van Orden's campaign accused Cooke of lying to voters about her record, and he answered the letter with another AI video of a duck saying 'Cease and desist!'.","incidentDate":"2026-08-04","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-30","aiSystem":"AI-generated videos depicting the candidate, posted on Rep. Van Orden's X account; Wisconsin Public Radio reports that the videos carry an automatic label indicating they were made with Grok Imagine, an AI image and video generator","aiProduct":"Grok Imagine (reported)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A congressional candidate was depicted in AI-generated videos posted by her opponent on X saying things she says she never said; her lawyers' cease-and-desist letter alleges the videos are false and posted to harm her reputation, and the opponent's campaign accuses her of lying about her record.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One depicted person, the candidate on whose behalf the letter was sent. Exact 1. Voters said to be misled are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-WI","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.wpr.org/news/cooke-cease-and-desist-letter-van-orden-ai-deepfakes","primarySourceLabel":"Wisconsin Public Radio, 1 October 2026: Cooke campaign sends cease-and-desist to Congressman Van Orden over AI deepfakes","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-02T03:12:28.898646+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-02T03:12:28.898646+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","political-deepfake","election","wisconsin","grok-imagine","x","cease-and-desist","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-uk-grok-sexualised-images-two-women-police-cases-closed-no-suspect-identified","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Grok obliged, moulding her profile photo onto a nude body wrapped in see-through plastic'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Grok, the platform’s AI chatbot, obliged by moulding her profile photo onto a nude body in see-through plastic'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'were created using the chatbot and shared without her consent'; 'after speaking out, she saw AI-generated images of herself had been created without her consent'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Explicit or sexualised images of the presenter were generated with Grok at anonymous X users' request and posted on X without her consent around New Year 2026, after she had publicly criticised Grok.","causal_attribution":"The presenter's account to TBIJ/The Observer and, separately, to BBC Wales in January 2026; TBIJ inspected the requesting account."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'After reporting her case to South Wales Police on 2 January'; 'wasn’t invited to give a statement until March'; 'Her case was closed after the police requests to X went unanswered'; 'Despite the efforts of investigators, no suspect could be identified'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the investigation was closed in May'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The presenter reported the image to South Wales Police on 2 January 2026; she was not asked for a statement until March, police requests to X went unanswered, and the case was closed (in May, per The Observer) with the force saying no suspect could be identified.","causal_attribution":"TBIJ's account from messages it saw and the presenter; South Wales Police's statement confirms an investigation and no identified suspect but does not address the X requests."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'about 300 images and videos of her posted during the Grok scandal'; 'the last of which was dealt with by the Metropolitan Police'; 'She reported several anonymous posts to the police'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'after exploring all viable lines of enquiry, no suspect could be identified'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The broadcaster estimates about 300 Grok-made images and videos of her were posted during the wave, including by the account that targeted the presenter; she reported several, one involving Jeffrey Epstein to the Metropolitan Police, which said no suspect could be identified.","causal_attribution":"The broadcaster's estimate and the Met's statement, both via the TBIJ/Observer investigation."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'is now in pre-action legal correspondence with xAI, part of SpaceXAI, alleging misuse of her private information'; 'It has not been possible, in the time available, to look into any communications with South Wales Police'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'is now in pre-action legal correspondence with SpacexAI'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The presenter is in pre-action legal correspondence with xAI (SpaceXAI) alleging misuse of private information and breaches of data-protection law and the Equality Act; the company said it had not been possible in the time available to look into its communications with South Wales Police.","causal_attribution":"Reported from the correspondence described by TBIJ and the presenter's lawyer; no claim has been filed."}],"effects":[{"label":"a sexualised image of her generated by Grok from her profile photo at an anonymous user's request and posted on X","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"about 300 Grok-made images and videos of her posted to humiliate her","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"police investigations closed with no suspect identified after X did not answer information requests","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2026-09-29/grok-deepfakes-police-justice","kind":"investigative_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-30 (TBIJ, 29 September 2026, by Lydia Morrish); the original investigation, with police and company statements.","independence_group":"tbij-observer-investigation"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://observer.co.uk/news/national/article/the-women-taking-on-the-tech-giants-over-deepfakes-and-digital-abuse","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-30 (The Observer, 29 September 2026, same reporter, published in partnership with TBIJ); adds the May closure date.","independence_group":"tbij-observer-investigation"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c98p4214577o","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-30 (BBC Wales, 13 January 2026, updated 14 January); interview with the presenter during the wave.","independence_group":"bbc-wales-january-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Who requested the images and where they were located.","Whether X answered any later police request.","Whether the presenter files a claim and its outcome.","Dates of the individual images and videos of the broadcaster; The Observer places them 'during the Grok scandal over Christmas', so the series may have begun in late December 2025, before the presenter's dated 2 January 2026 report."],"geography":{"basis":"The presenter reported to South Wales Police and is described by TBIJ in her bedroom in Wales; the broadcaster reported to the Metropolitan Police (TBIJ). The images were generated on X at the request of anonymous accounts whose locations are not established (TBIJ says some accounts in the cases it examined were clearly UK-based), so no event country is recorded. No court proceeding yet.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (Grok-generated sexualised images of two adult public figures, requested by anonymous users, with police investigations closed without a suspect). Both women spoke on the record to TBIJ and The Observer; the presenter also to BBC Wales in January 2026. The images are not reproduced or described beyond the sources' wording.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-30"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"TBIJ inspected the X account and posts that requested the images and describes Grok's automatic public reply; The presenter described the image to TBIJ and, in January 2026, to BBC Wales; South Wales Police and the Metropolitan Police confirm investigations into the reports. Grok's role in generating and posting the images is not disputed by any party quoted; xAI did not respond to TBIJ.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"UK: Grok-made sexualised images of a Welsh presenter and campaigner against deepfake abuse and of a commentator and broadcaster, requested by anonymous X accounts around New Year 2026; South Wales Police and the Metropolitan Police closed their investigations without identifying a suspect after X did not answer information requests; the presenter is in pre-action correspondence with xAI","summary":"The Bureau of Investigative Journalism and The Observer reported on 29 September 2026 that police investigations into sexualised images generated by X's chatbot Grok had failed to identify anyone. A Welsh presenter and campaigner against deepfake abuse, who had criticised Grok publicly on New Year's Eve 2025, saw an anonymous X user ask '@grok' to put her in a bikini made of cling film; Grok generated the image from her profile photo and posted it. She reported it to South Wales Police on 2 January 2026, was not asked for a statement until March, and was told officers had not heard back from X; the case was closed (in May, per The Observer) with the force saying no suspect could be identified. The same account also targeted a commentator and broadcaster, who estimates about 300 Grok images and videos of her were posted during the wave, including one alongside Jeffrey Epstein reported to the Metropolitan Police, which likewise said no suspect could be identified. The presenter is now in pre-action legal correspondence with xAI (part of SpaceXAI) alleging misuse of private information and breaches of data-protection law and the Equality Act; the company told her lawyers it had not been possible in the time available to look into its communications with South Wales Police. BBC Wales had reported in January 2026 that explicit images of the presenter were created with the chatbot and shared without her consent.","incidentDate":"2026-01-02","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-13","aiSystem":"Grok (xAI) image generation on X, responding to public '@grok' requests by editing the targeted women's photographs and posting the results","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI (SpaceXAI)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Two women, a presenter and campaigner and a broadcaster, had sexualised images of themselves generated by Grok at anonymous users' request and posted on X; the presenter calls the experience terrifying and her lawyers say the company's failure to help the police aggravated her distress; the broadcaster says the images were designed to humiliate her; both police investigations closed without a suspect after X did not answer requests (TBIJ; The Observer; BBC Wales).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two depicted people, a presenter and campaigner and a commentator and broadcaster (TBIJ; The Observer). The MP also interviewed by TBIJ is counted in her own case (2026-asato-v-xai-grok). Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2026-09-29/grok-deepfakes-police-justice","primarySourceLabel":"The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, 29 September 2026: Failed by the police, Grok deepfake victims are seeking justice themselves","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:49.631225+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:49.631225+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["grok","xai","x-twitter","deepfakes","non-consensual-intimate-images","ai-generated-images","police","south-wales-police","metropolitan-police","ofcom","uk","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-jakarta-jusuf-hamka-ai-deepfake-detainee-videos-tiktok-trial","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'narasi fitnah yang dibuat dengan menggunakan Artificial Inteligen (AI) di media sosial TikTok'; 'sedang menggunakan pakaian tahanan dan dikaitkan dengan tuduhan korupsi, suap, dan gratifikasi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'pelaku memakai teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) untuk melakukan manipulasi visual wajah Jusuf Hamka dan putrinya'; 'menyebarkannya melalui akun TikTok'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Menyebarkan narasi suap konsesi Tol Cawang-Pluit senilai lebih dari Rp1 triliun'; 'Memasang poster rekayasa yang mencalonkan Jusuf Hamka sebagai presiden 2029'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'seolah memakai baju tahanan kejaksaan karena dituduh melakukan suap, gratifikasi untuk konsesi tol Cawang-Pluit'; 'pelaku mengedit foto'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"}],"assertion":"Videos on TikTok showed Jusuf Hamka and his daughter as if wearing detainee uniforms, tied to narratives of corruption, bribery and gratification that his lawyers call false over the Cawang-Pluit toll concession; his lawyers say the faces were composited with AI into staged scenes (VIVA) and that photos were edited to show them in prosecutors' detainee clothing (ANTARA, 4 December 2025), and other content included a 'toll mafia' label and a fabricated 2029 presidential poster.","causal_attribution":"Hamka's lawyers and the prosecution case as reported; the videos were not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Laporan ini teregister di Polda Metro dengan nomor STTLP/B/7474/X/2025/SPKT/Polda Metro Jaya tertanggal 18 Oktober 2025'; 'Pada 24 November 2025, penyidik secara resmi meningkatkan status perkara ke tahap penyidikan usai ditemukan bukti'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'ditangkap penyidik Unit 2 Subdit 2 Direktorat Siber Polda Metro Jaya pada Kamis (27/11) usai dilaporkan pada 18 Oktober 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'pada 27 November 2025, penyidik Unit 2 Subdit 2 Direktorat Siber Polda Metro Jaya menangkap salah seorang pemilik akun Tiktok'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Hamka reported the content to Polda Metro Jaya on 18 October 2025; the case was raised to investigation on 24 November and the suspected maker and spreader was arrested by the cyber directorate on 27 November 2025.","causal_attribution":"Reported through Hamka's lawyers; VIVA's second page quotes the cyber directorate's deputy director confirming one arrest, without a date."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'menghadiri sidang dakwaan dugaan hoaks dan manipulasi informasi elektronik konten deepfake di Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Jakarta Pusat pada Selasa (15/9/2026)'; 'kubu terdakwa melalui kuasa hukumnya mengaku bakal menempuh upaya eksepsi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'didakwa melanggar Pasal 35 juncto Pasal 51 ayat (1) UU ITE dengan ancaman hukuman maksimal 12 tahun penjara'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The trial opened at the Central Jakarta District Court on 15 September 2026 with the reading of an indictment under Article 35 jo 51(1) of the ITE Law (maximum 12 years); the defence said it would file an exception.","causal_attribution":"Court reporting by tvOneNews and Poskota, with different content from the same hearing."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'narasi yang termuat dalam konten tersebut dinilainya tidak benar dan berpotensi merusak reputasinya'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'penyebaran ini menimbulkan dampak psikologis, reputasional, serta kerugian moril'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Hamka said the content disturbed him, that its narratives were untrue and could damage his reputation, and that the campaign was systematic; his lawyer said the spread caused psychological, reputational and moral harm.","causal_attribution":"Hamka's own statements and his lawyer's; no independent assessment of harm."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'terdakwa mengaku mendapat imbalan sebesar Rp500.000 untuk setiap konten yang dibuat atas perintah pihak tertentu'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'kan dia dikasih duit Rp500.000 setiap konten'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'pernyataan mengenai pembayaran tersebut merupakan klaim Jusuf yang masih menjadi bagian dari perkara'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Hamka and his lawyers say the defendant admitted during the police investigation that he made the content on others' orders for Rp500,000 per item; tvOneNews notes this payment is Hamka's claim within a contested case.","causal_attribution":"Claim of the complainant's side; the alleged admission was not inspected."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Tidak ada ruang untuk restorative justice kecuali dia mau bicara dengan tegas di pengadilan, siapa yang menyuruh melakukan tindak pidana ini dan juga yang membayar'; 'surat dakwaan jaksa dinilai tidak cermat dan belum menjelaskan secara jelas perbuatan pidana yang didakwakan kepada kliennya'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'majelis hakim sempat menanyakan kemungkinan penyelesaian perkara melalui mekanisme restorative justice'; 'membantah argumentasi yang disampaikan pihak Jusuf Hamka'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'secara tegas menutup pintu penyelesaian secara restorative justice (RJ)'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"At the 29 September 2026 hearing the judges asked about restorative justice; Hamka's lawyer said there was no room for it unless the defendant named who ordered and paid; the defendant's lawyer said the content related to his anti-corruption committee role and that the indictment was unclear.","causal_attribution":"Three outlets' reports of the same hearing; tvOneNews and TVRI follow one shared text."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'dinyatakan lengkap atau P21'; 'penyidik menyerahkan tersangka beserta barang bukti kepada penuntut umum pada Kejaksaan Negeri Jakarta Pusat'; 'Pasal 433 Ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP juncto Pasal 441 Ayat 1'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Hamka's lawyer said the case file had been declared complete (P21) and the suspect and evidence handed to Central Jakarta prosecutors, under alternative counts including Article 32(1) jo 48(1) ITE and Articles 433(2) jo 441(1) of the 2023 Criminal Code (reported 12 August 2026).","causal_attribution":"The lawyer's statement via Akurat; the P21 date is not given."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-manipulated videos depicting him and his daughter as detainees with corruption allegations he denies spread on TikTok","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5285803/kuasa-hukum-sebut-konten-hoaks-jusuf-hamka-diduga-dibuat-terorganisir","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (ANTARA, 3 December 2025): the lawyers' statement, the arrest date and the police report number. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1865501-geger-jusuf-hamka-difitnah-pakai-baju-tahanan-pelaku-deepfake-diciduk-polisi","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (VIVA, 3 December 2025, pages 1 and 2; page 2 saved by the verifier as bodies/verify-v3-viva-p2.txt): lawyer Mohammad Anwar on the AI manipulation, the report, the investigation stage and the arrest; page 2 carries Anwar's full statement and quotes the Polda Metro Jaya cyber directorate's deputy director confirming one arrest. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.akurat.co/hukum/881600/kasus-deepfake-jusuf-hamka-dinyatakan-lengkap-tersangka-dan-barang-bukti-dilimpahkan-ke-jaksa","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (Akurat.co, 12 August 2026): P21, handover to Central Jakarta prosecutors and the counts, per lawyer Sogi Bagaskara. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.tvonenews.com/berita/467280-sidang-dakwaan-konten-hoaks-jusuf-hamka-buka-peluang-jalur-damai","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (tvOneNews, 15 September 2026): indictment hearing, Hamka's remarks to reporters. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"tvonenews-court-reporting"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.poskota.co.id/2026/09/15/jusuf-hamka-hadiri-sidang-kasus-deepfake-ai-desak-polisi-bongkar-aktor-intelektual","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (Poskota, 15 September 2026): the counts, the listed content and the lawyer's account of the police admission. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"poskota-court-reporting"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.tvonenews.com/berita/470241-sidang-lanjutan-konten-hoaks-kubu-jusuf-hamka-tolak-permintaan-restorative-justice","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (tvOneNews, 29 September 2026): the restorative-justice question, both sides' lawyers. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hearing-2026-09-29-shared-text"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.poskota.co.id/2026/09/29/tolak-restorative-justice-jusuf-hamka-desak-pembuat-deepfake-buka-identitas-aktor-intelektual","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (Poskota, 29 September 2026): refusal of restorative justice. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"poskota-court-reporting"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://hukum.tvrinews.com/berita/tk6hpbu-tolak-restorative-justice-jusuf-hamka-minta-terdakwa-ungkap-pihak-yang-membiayai-konten","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (TVRI News, 29 September 2026): the hearing and the next stage. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hearing-2026-09-29-shared-text"},{"id":"s9","url":"https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5286403/kuasa-hukum-harap-polisi-ungkap-otak-penyebar-hoaks-jusuf-hamka","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (ANTARA, 4 December 2025): lawyers Anwar and Sogi on the edited photos, the Cawang-Pluit concession narrative and the suspected orderers (initials omitted). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice","work"],"unknowns":["When the videos were first posted and how far they spread.","Which tool made them.","Whether anyone besides the defendant has been identified as ordering or paying for the content.","The verdict."],"geography":{"basis":"The report, investigation and arrest were by Polda Metro Jaya (Jakarta) and the trial is at the Central Jakarta District Court (ANTARA; VIVA; tvOneNews); Hamka is an Indonesian businessman appearing at that court. Where the videos were made is not stated beyond the Jakarta police jurisdiction.","court_countries":["ID"],"event_countries":["ID"],"affected_person_countries":["ID"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (AI-manipulated videos depicting a named public figure and his daughter as detainees with corruption allegations he denies, now the subject of a criminal trial). The AI description rests on the complainant's lawyers and the prosecution case as reported; court events are reported by several outlets. Hamka and his daughter are public figures; the defendant is not named here.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-30"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Hamka's lawyers say the maker used AI to manipulate his and his daughter's faces into staged scenes showing them in detainee uniforms (VIVA; ANTARA), and the prosecution's case as reported at trial describes AI-engineered videos and false narratives made in bulk (Poskota). The videos were not inspected and no tool is named; the defence disputes the case but is not reported to dispute that the content was AI-made.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jakarta: AI-manipulated TikTok videos showed toll-road businessman Jusuf Hamka and his daughter in detainee uniforms with bribery and corruption narratives that Hamka denies; a TikTok account holder was arrested in November 2025 and is on trial at the Central Jakarta District Court, where Hamka's side refused restorative justice on 29 September 2026","summary":"Indonesian businessman Mohamad Jusuf Hamka reported to Jakarta police on 18 October 2025 that videos circulating on TikTok showed him and his daughter as if wearing prosecutors' detainee uniforms, tied to narratives of corruption, bribery and gratification over the Cawang-Pluit toll concession, which he denies and his lawyers call false; his lawyers say the faces were composited into staged scenes with AI, and that other content called him a 'toll mafia' and posted a fabricated poster of him running for president in 2029. Polda Metro Jaya's cyber directorate arrested the holder of the TikTok accounts on 27 November 2025; Hamka and his lawyers say the defendant admitted to police that he made the content on others' instructions for Rp500,000 per item; tvOneNews and TVRI note this is Hamka's side's claim within the contested case, and Poskota reports it is being examined at trial. The case file was reported complete (P21) on 12 August 2026 and the trial opened at the Central Jakarta District Court on 15 September 2026 under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Article 35 jo 51(1), maximum 12 years) and alternative counts. Hamka told reporters the content disturbed him and could damage his reputation and that the campaign was systematic. At the 29 September 2026 hearing the judges asked about restorative justice; Hamka's lawyer said there was no room for it unless the defendant named who ordered and paid for the content. The defendant's lawyer said the content related to his work as secretary-general of an anti-corruption committee and that the indictment was unclear.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-12-03","aiSystem":"AI-manipulated ('deepfake') videos and edited photos compositing the faces of Jusuf Hamka and his daughter into scenes showing them in detainee uniforms, posted on TikTok (per his lawyers; tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Jusuf Hamka says AI-manipulated videos depicting him and his daughter as detainees with corruption allegations he denies spread on TikTok, disturbed him and threatened his reputation; his lawyers describe psychological, reputational and moral harm (tvOneNews; VIVA; ANTARA).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two depicted people: Jusuf Hamka and his daughter (ANTARA; VIVA; Poskota). Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"ID","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5285803/kuasa-hukum-sebut-konten-hoaks-jusuf-hamka-diduga-dibuat-terorganisir","primarySourceLabel":"ANTARA News, 3 December 2025: Kuasa hukum sebut konten hoaks Jusuf Hamka diduga dibuat terorganisir","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:45.955729+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:45.955729+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","ai-generated-video","tiktok","defamation","disinformation","criminal-trial","uu-ite","indonesia","jakarta","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-wadsworth-lawyers-sanctioned-ai-fabricated-citations","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"ECF 181, pages 3–5, Procedural Facts and How the Fake Cases Were Generated.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The order records a 22 January filing containing eight fictitious citations generated with MX2.law and not verified before filing.","causal_attribution":"The order records counsel’s admissions and the court’s findings."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"ECF 181, pages 5–6, Remedial Steps; pages 12–17, individual sanctions and conclusion.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court fined three lawyers a total of $5,000, removed the drafter from the case and treated withdrawal, candour, fee reimbursement and new safeguards as mitigation.","causal_attribution":"Sanctions address professional verification duties; the record does not assign sole responsibility to AI."}],"effects":[{"label":"Individual sanctions and removal from representation","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.lawnext.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/gov.uscourts.wyd_.64014.181.0_1.pdf","kind":"court_order","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"wadsworth-ecf181"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","others_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Underlying model, precise drafting day and eventual payment of penalties are unknown."],"geography":{"basis":"Wyoming federal court. Drafting location and lawyers’ residence not established.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"A filed order establishes the sanctions and AI-assisted drafting, with mitigation retained.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Court order identifies the tool and records the drafter’s prompts.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","acted_on_behalf"]},"name":"Three lawyers sanctioned after filing AI-generated fictitious citations","summary":"A Wyoming federal court fined three lawyers a total of $5,000 and removed the drafting lawyer from Wadsworth v. Walmart after a January 2025 filing cited eight nonexistent cases. The order identifies MX2.law as the drafting tool, records failure to verify its output and credits subsequent remedial steps.","incidentDate":"2025-01-22","incidentEndDate":"2025-02-24","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-02-24","aiSystem":"MX2.law","aiProduct":"MX2.law","aiCompany":"Morgan & Morgan","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The court imposed $3,000, $1,000 and $1,000 penalties and revoked the drafting lawyer’s admission to this case.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Three individually sanctioned lawyers; one drafted with AI. Clients and institutional costs are not included in this minimum.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","platformType":"assistant","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.lawnext.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/gov.uscourts.wyd_.64014.181.0_1.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Wadsworth v. Walmart, ECF 181, sanctions order filed 24 February 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T10:57:12.469277+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:20.611123+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2026-doe-v-xai-grok-abuse-survivor-known-series-images","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Using pre-existing and known CSAM involving Plaintiff, Grok generated new CSAM,'; 'xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography'; 'The Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated CSAM on xAI'; '(hereinafter, “NCMEC”) in the early 2000s'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'attorneys for the plaintiff stated that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used images’ fingerprints to identify AI-generated CSAM on X that depicted their client.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'that Grok generated new sexually explicit images of her likeness'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'It also claims “xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography series in which she is the victim.”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that Grok generated new child sexual abuse images depicting the plaintiff, an adult survivor whose childhood abuse was recorded in a known image series identified by NCMEC in the early 2000s, and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated abuse images of her on xAI's service.","causal_attribution":"Alleged by the plaintiff. The complaint does not say when the images were generated, who prompted them, or how many there were; no court has ruled on the allegations and xAI has not responded publicly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'CSAM depicting Plaintiff with its longstanding well-known hash values has been used'; 'as a part of the dataset used by xAI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The complaint alleges that same material was part of the dataset xAI used to build Grok’s image and video generating capabilities'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that the known abuse images of the plaintiff, with their long-established hash values, were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok.","causal_attribution":"Allegation about training data; the complaint does not describe how this was established."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Each time Grok created new CSAM concerning Plaintiff, Grok caused her a new'; 'compounding the already extensive harm Plaintiff suffered.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Our client has lived for nearly two decades knowing that images of the worst thing that ever happened to her are circulating among predators online, and that they can resurface at any moment,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint says each new image Grok created or re-published of the plaintiff caused her a new personal injury, compounding the harm she already suffered from the circulation of her abuse images; her counsel says she has lived for nearly two decades knowing the images circulate and can resurface at any moment.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's and counsel's characterization of her injury; no specific symptoms or consequences are described."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Filed 08/26/26'; 'Plaintiff seeks relief under the federal cause of action known as “Masha’s Law,”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Date Filed: Aug. 26, 2026'; 'Sep 22, 2026'; 'Order Relating Case'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The plaintiff filed the proposed nationwide class action against X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California, under Masha's Law (18 U.S.C. § 2255) and 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(f); an order relating the case was entered on 22 September 2026.","causal_attribution":"Procedural record only."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired the company in February, returned requests for comment regarding the lawsuit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'On Jan. 14, after the period tracked by the center, Musk wrote on X that he was “not aware of any naked underage images of Grok. Literally zero.”'","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired xAI in February 2026, responded to the Guardian's request for comment; Musk had written on X on 14 January 2026 that he was not aware of any naked underage images generated by Grok.","causal_attribution":"Response record; Musk's statement is general and does not address this plaintiff."}],"effects":[{"label":"Grok allegedly generated new sexual-abuse images depicting an identified adult survivor of childhood abuse, from her known abuse image series","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the survivor says each new image caused her a new injury on top of two decades of her abuse images circulating","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal., San Jose), ECF 1, filed 26 August 2026; RECAP PDF (23 pages) read in full on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). The plaintiff's allegations, not findings; several key facts are pleaded without dates.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74706848/doe-1-v-xai-corp/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener docket read newest-first on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200; last known filing 28 Sept 2026). Procedural facts only; the 22 September order relating the case was not read.","independence_group":"ndcal-court-record"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://girardsharp.com/child-sexual-abuse-survivor-files-class-action-against-xai-alleging-grok-was-trained-on-her-abuse-material-and-generated-new-csam/","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Plaintiff's counsel Girard Sharp press release, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200).","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-41906197.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The Guardian's report by Nick Robins-Early (3 September 2026), read in the Irish Examiner's syndicated copy credited to The Guardian on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200); the theguardian.com URL was not located. It relays the complaint and interviews plaintiff's counsel.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://cyberscoop.com/xai-grok-csam-class-action-lawsuit/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CyberScoop, Derek B. Johnson, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). Relays the complaint; its paraphrase that the hash values 'have shown up in deepfakes created with Grok and spread on X' is broader than the complaint's wording and is not relied on.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images of the plaintiff were generated or posted, how many there were, and who prompted them.","Whether the Canadian Centre for Child Protection's identification has been confirmed by any source other than the plaintiff's filing and counsel.","The plaintiff's country of residence.","xAI's response to the allegations."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint says only that the plaintiff resides outside California; her country and where the images were generated or posted are not stated. The case is in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete adverse account of an identified person depicted in AI-generated abuse images, resting on the plaintiff's federal complaint, counsel's statements and news reports relaying them. All facts about Grok's role are allegations; nothing identifying the plaintiff and no description of the images is recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint alleges Grok generated the images and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection identified AI-generated images of her on xAI's service; counsel told the Guardian the identification used the series' hash fingerprints. No independent confirmation of the identification or of which prompts produced the images was inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Doe 1 v. xAI: an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse alleges Grok generated new abuse images of her from her known, hashed abuse series, which she says xAI used as training data","summary":"A survivor who was sexually abused as a preschool-aged child and now sues individually under the pseudonym Jane Doe 1, and whose abuse images have circulated online since the early 2000s as a series known to NCMEC, sued xAI on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California. Her complaint alleges that those known images were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok and that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her; her lawyers say the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used the series' hash fingerprints to identify AI-generated images of her on X. The complaint says each new image caused her a new injury. It seeks damages under Masha's Law for a proposed class of people whose childhood images Grok altered into abuse material. The complaint does not say when the images of her were made or who prompted them. xAI did not respond to requests for comment, and no court has ruled on the allegations.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-26","aiSystem":"Grok image generation on X and xAI's services (the complaint does not identify the specific tool or model version used for the images of the plaintiff)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI (X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC; acquired by SpaceX in February 2026)","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The plaintiff alleges that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her from her known childhood abuse series and that each new image caused her a new injury; her counsel describes two decades of living with the images' circulation (the plaintiff's complaint and counsel; no court finding).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The named plaintiff (1 person depicted). The proposed class of 'at least thousands' is counsel's estimate of class membership and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal.), filed 26 August 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:04:05.310491+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:35.914162+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["xai","grok","csam","image-generation","training-data","masha's-law","class-action","survivor","depicted"]},{"id":"2026-italy-siracusano-ai-altered-photo-vannacci-facebook-reggio-by-election","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Una foto ritoccata della sottosegretaria ai Rapporti con il Parlamento e deputata di Forza Italia, Matilde Siracusano, compare sulla pagina Facebook di Roberto Vannacci, leader di Futuro Nazionale.'; 'nella foto originale Siracusano indossa una maglietta bianca sotto la giacca floreale, che però è 'sparita''","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Nell’immagine, realizzata a partire da uno scatto originale del profilo Instagram della parlamentare'; 'La modifica consiste nella scomparsa della maglietta bianca indossata sotto la giacca floreale: al suo posto emerge una scollatura molto più accentuata.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'ha pubblicato una foto della compagna del governatore, la sottosegretaria Matilde Siracusano, con una profonda scollatura creata artificialmente'","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'Nella fotografia originale di Matilde Siracusano sotto la giacca c’è effettivamente una maglietta chiara.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"An altered photograph of Matilde Siracusano appeared on Roberto Vannacci's Facebook page in a by-election campaign post; in the original photograph she wears a white top under a floral jacket, and in the posted version the top had disappeared and a deeper neckline appeared in its place.","causal_attribution":"AGI and RaiNews each describe the public post and its difference from the original photograph, and the blog that first published the image concedes that the original shows a light T-shirt; ANSA's phrase 'profonda scollatura creata artificialmente' repeats Mara Carfagna's statement quoted by AGI and Adnkronos (reviewer translation: 'the white top worn under the floral jacket disappears: in its place a much more pronounced neckline emerges'). Who made the alteration is addressed in c2."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Quella che abbiamo pubblicato -afferma ancora il blog- non era una fotografia reale. Era un’immagine elaborata con l’intelligenza artificiale.'; 'Nell’immagine elaborata quella parte è stata invece ricostruita artificialmente dall’intelligenza artificiale'; 'risale addirittura a giovedì 24 settembre alle 12,33'; 'venerdì 25 settembre alle 8,27'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'pubblicando il link del blog Iacchitè, che aveva pubblicato l'immagine generata con l'IA'","relation":"context","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The blog Iacchite' says it published the image with an article on 24 September 2026, that the image was produced with artificial intelligence and was not a real photograph, that the AI reconstructed the neck and neckline area where the original photograph shows a light T-shirt, and that Vannacci reposted it on 25 September without citing the source.","causal_attribution":"The blog's own account relayed by Adnkronos (reviewer translation: 'What we published was not a real photograph. It was an image produced with artificial intelligence'). The blog does not name the tool or say who prompted it; it characterises the image as satirical and not pornographic."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Usare l'intelligenza artificiale per spogliare una donna, con la volontà evidente di denigrare una donna, è un problema gigantesco per tutti'; 'sta valutando l'ipotesi di \"presentare una denuncia'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'annunciando l’intenzione di presentare querela. «Si tratta di un reato e le donne vanno tutelate.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'per ora diciamo che si muoveranno i miei avvocati'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'E si rivolgerà a un avvocato per una querela.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Siracusano described the image as using AI to undress a woman in order to denigrate her, called it a crime, and said she intended to file, or was weighing, a criminal complaint (querela); she told la Repubblica that her lawyers would act.","causal_attribution":"Her own statements to several outlets (reviewer translation of Adnkronos: 'Using artificial intelligence to undress a woman, with the evident will to denigrate a woman, is a gigantic problem for everyone'). An announced complaint is recorded; no filing is reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A chi mi accusa, senza alcuna concretezza, di aver modificato una foto con la IA, rispondo di cercare meglio e di rivolgere le accuse, eventualmente, a chi di dovere'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'rimandando al blog che ha pubblicato il post corredato con la foto manipolata della deputata di Forza Italia'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Vannacci replied on Facebook that those accusing him without any concreteness of having altered a photo with AI should look better and direct their accusations to whom they are due, linking to the blog that had published the image.","causal_attribution":"Vannacci's public reply as quoted by Corriere della Calabria and Adnkronos; he denies making the alteration and does not dispute that he posted the image."}],"effects":[{"label":"an AI-altered image removing the top under her jacket and generating a deeper neckline was published on a blog and reposted by a party leader on Facebook during an election campaign; she described it as a sexist attack to denigrate her and announced legal action","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.agi.it/politica/news/2026-09-26/vannacci-siracusano-39260391/","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (AGI, 26 September 2026; Italian). Describes the Facebook post and the original photo. Quotations are Italian originals; English renderings in this record are reviewer translations, no human translator.","independence_group":"agi"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2026/09/vannacci-rilancia-foto-scollata-della-sottosegretaria-ritoccata-con-lia-fi-insorge-3ec0ff68-f70e-4e3a-9928-23445143b36d.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (RaiNews, 26 September 2026; Italian). Describes the alteration, Siracusano's statement announcing a querela, and Vannacci's reply. Reviewer translation. Siracusano's quoted words ('una scelta perversa e squallida') match those ANSA attributes to her Corriere.it interview, so for c3 this likely relays the same interview as s7.","independence_group":"rainews"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.adnkronos.com/politica/matilde-siracusano-post-foto-ritoccata-ai-fake-oggi-bufera_3BWSuxpUZl4k99BHdYNcPW","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (Adnkronos, 26 September 2026; Italian). Siracusano's direct comments to Adnkronos, Vannacci's Facebook reply and political reactions. Reviewer translation.","independence_group":"adnkronos"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.adnkronos.com/politica/siracusano-vannacci-foto-ia-blog-iacchite-oggi_5MZGVSAnIoHq3R7JG6ZG8c","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (Adnkronos, 26 September 2026; Italian). Relays the blog Iacchite's own statement on how and when it published the AI image; the blog post itself was not read. Reviewer translation.","independence_group":"iacchite-blog-statement"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2026/09/26/bufera-per-la-foto-modificata-di-siracusano-rilanciata-da-vannacci_f4bf9e8a-edc2-49a5-b090-6cd8df138b96.html","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (ANSA; Italian). Canonical URL of the article read (the Google News link resolved to an older slug with the same ID); headed 'Domani si vota alle suppletive a Reggio, tempesta su Vannacci per la foto fake di Matilde Siracusano'. Reviewer translation.","independence_group":"ansa"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/09/26/news/matilde_siracusano_fi_vannacci_foto_nuda_ia_intervista-425609252/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-27 (la Repubblica interview, 26 September 2026; Italian). Only the opening of the interview was available (JSON-LD article body); the remainder is paywalled and was not read. Reviewer translation.","independence_group":"repubblica"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.tempostretto.it/news/post-di-vannacci-con-foto-ritoccata-dallia-matilde-siracusano-querela-lex-generale.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (Tempo Stretto, Messina, 26 September 2026; Italian). Relays Siracusano's statement to Corriere della Sera (not read). Reviewer translation.","independence_group":"corriere-della-sera-interview"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://www.corrieredellacalabria.it/2026/09/26/foto-con-lia-vannacci-replica-cercate-meglio/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (Corriere della Calabria, 26 September 2026; Italian). Quotes Vannacci's Facebook reply. Reviewer translation. Its account of Vannacci's reply is word-for-word identical to the corresponding RaiNews paragraph (s2), so the two share one account for c4.","independence_group":"vannacci-facebook-reply"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["public_life","elections","privacy"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool produced the image and who operated it (the blog says the AI generated the altered area but does not name the tool or the person).","Whether the criminal complaint has been filed and under which offence; whether a prosecutor has opened an investigation.","Whether the post was removed from the blog or from Vannacci's Facebook page, and how widely it was shared.","The dates of the blog's publication (24 September) and Vannacci's repost (25 September) rest only on the blog's own statement relayed by Adnkronos; no other inspected source dates the Facebook post."],"geography":{"basis":"The image was published by a Calabrian blog and on the Facebook page of an Italian party leader in the campaign for the Reggio Calabria by-election (AGI, RaiNews, ANSA, Adnkronos); Siracusano is an Italian deputy and undersecretary. No filed complaint or court is reported, so court_countries is empty.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":["IT"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core depicted_or_impersonated case: several national outlets describe an AI-altered image of a named public figure that removed clothing and generated a deeper neckline, circulated in an election campaign; the blog that first published it says it was produced with AI. She announced legal action. The tool and operator are unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The blog Iacchite', which says it first published the image, states it was 'elaborata con l'intelligenza artificiale' and that the AI reconstructed the neck and neckline area (via Adnkronos). RaiNews and Corriere della Calabria, in an identical passage, describe it as an image generated with AI; Adnkronos as a photo retouched by AI; AGI as a collage of other photos. Siracusano says it was altered with software and AI (RaiNews, Adnkronos). These outlet descriptions do not independently establish how the image was made. No tool is named and no forensic analysis is reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Italian official condemns alleged AI sexualisation of her photograph in a political post","summary":"On the eve of the 27-28 September 2026 Chamber by-election in the Reggio Calabria constituency, Roberto Vannacci, leader of Futuro Nazionale, posted on Facebook a campaign image showing Matilde Siracusano, Undersecretary for Relations with Parliament and a Forza Italia deputy, seated at a table beside the centre-right candidate Fabio Roscioli and Senator Claudio Lotito. According to AGI and RaiNews, the white top Siracusano wears under her floral jacket in the original photograph (taken from her Instagram profile, per RaiNews) had disappeared and a much deeper neckline appeared in its place. The Calabrian blog Iacchite', to which Vannacci pointed, said it had published the image on 24 September, that it was not a real photograph but an image produced with artificial intelligence, and that the AI had reconstructed the neck and neckline area; Vannacci reposted it on 25 September without citing the source, according to the blog. Siracusano told Adnkronos that using AI to undress a woman in order to denigrate her was 'squalid'; RaiNews reports her calling it a crime and announcing her intention to file a criminal complaint (querela), while Adnkronos and ANSA say she was weighing one; she told la Repubblica that her lawyers would act. Vannacci replied that his accusers should 'look better' for whom to blame. Ministers and politicians across parties, including Forza Italia leader Antonio Tajani, condemned the post. No complaint filing, investigation or removal of the post is reported in the inspected sources.","incidentDate":"2026-09-24","incidentEndDate":"2026-09-25","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-09-26","aiSystem":"An unidentified generative-AI image tool that, according to the blog Iacchite', produced the composite image and regenerated the neck and neckline area of Siracusano's photograph; the tool is not named","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Siracusano says an AI-altered image that 'undressed' her was used for electoral propaganda to denigrate her; she called it sexist and squalid and announced legal action (her statements to Adnkronos, RaiNews, la Repubblica). The image circulated on a blog and on Vannacci's Facebook page and became a national controversy (AGI, ANSA).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, Matilde Siracusano, depicted in the altered image (AGI, RaiNews, Adnkronos). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.agi.it/politica/news/2026-09-26/vannacci-siracusano-39260391/","primarySourceLabel":"AGI, 26 September 2026: Vannacci 'amplia' la scollatura di Matilde Siracusano sui social ed è subito bufera","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-27T03:39:45.926413+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:59.788816+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","image-manipulation","politics","election","italy","calabria","sexualised-imagery","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-jeju-middle-school-student-filmed-teachers-deepfake-composites-referred","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'제주동부경찰서는 도내 모 중학교 재학생 A군을 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법 위반(카메라 등 이용 촬영) 혐의로 지난 17일 불구속 송치했다고 23일 밝혔다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'제주동부경찰서는 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법상 카메라 등을 이용한 촬영 혐의로 A 군을 불구속 송치했다고 23일 밝혔다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Jeju Dongbu Police Station announced on 23 September 2026 that a student at a Jeju middle school had been referred to prosecutors without detention on 17 September for violating the Sexual Violence Punishment Act (filming using a camera or similar device).","causal_attribution":"Police announcement carried by both outlets (one origin)."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'경찰은 A군의 휴대전화를 보호자 측으로부터 임의제출받아 디지털 포렌식을 진행했다. 포렌식 과정에서 일부 교사와 관련된 촬영물과 일부 성적 합성물이 확인됐으며, A군은 범행을 인정하고 자백한 것으로 파악됐다.'; '포렌식 결과 일부 선정적인 합성물이 확인됐고, 수치심을 유발할 정도의 자료는 범죄 혐의에 포함해 수사했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student's phone was voluntarily submitted by his guardians and forensically examined; the examination found footage relating to some teachers and some sexual composites, the student admitted the conduct, and police say suggestive composites causing shame were included in the charged conduct.","causal_attribution":"Police account to Seoul Shinmun."},{"id":"c3","status":"disputed","evidence":[{"locator":"'처음 신고된 피해 교사 외에도 피해 교사가 더 있는 것은 맞지만 몇 명인지는 밝히기 어렵다'; '일부에서 학생 피해자가 있다는 이야기가 있었지만 확인 결과 해당 학교 재학생 피해자는 없었다'; '피해교사들이 현재도 해당 학교에서 학생들을 가르치고 있어 피해 사실이 알려질 경우 2차 피해로 이어질 수 있다는 이유에서다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'피해자가 다수 있는 것을 확인했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'가해학생의 휴대전화에서 제 자신을 촬영한 자료뿐 아니라 다른 교사들과 재학생들이 촬영대상으로 보이는 자료도 직접 확인했다.'; '수사기관이 학교에 신원확인을 요청한 것은 가해학생에 관한 것이었으며, 촬영 대상자로 보이는 재학생들의 신원을 확인하기 위한 별도의 자료 요청은 없었던 것으로 파악됐다고 A씨는 전했다.'","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'제가 가해 학생의 휴대전화에서 확인한 피해 학생이 10∼20명 정도였다'; '그런 상황에서 학교에선 재학생 피해자가 없는 것으로 가정 통신문이 나갔고, 학부모들 사이에서 혼란한 상황이 발생했다'","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'휴대전화 포렌식 등을 통해 철저히 수사했고, 사회적 통념을 벗어난 행위는 모두 특정해 입증했다'; '수사 과정에서 학생 1명도 피해를 본 것으로 확인됐는데, 이 학생은 다른 학교에 재학 중인 학생'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Police say there are more victim teachers than the one first reported but withheld the number because the teachers still teach at the school and disclosure could cause secondary harm, and that no student at the school was a victim; on 29 September police added that one student victim was confirmed, a student at a different school, while the victim teachers say current students and a graduate appear in the footage.","causal_attribution":"Disputed. Police position (Seoul Shinmun 23 September; News1 and JoongAng 29 September): thorough forensics, no student at the school, one confirmed student victim at a different school. Victim teachers' position (press interview 29 September, one origin across outlets): 10-20 current students and a graduate appear in the footage, no identification procedure was run, and the school's letter to parents said there were no student victims."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'특히 피해교사들이 직접 여러 학생과 관련된 촬영물을 확인했는데도 별도의 강제 압수수색 없이 사건이 마무리되는 것 아니냐는 우려를 제기했다.'; '임의제출받은 휴대전화에 대한 포렌식으로 필요한 증거를 확보했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Jeju teachers' union questioned whether the full scope of harm was established, saying the victim teachers had themselves seen footage involving several students yet no compulsory seizure was made; police replied that forensics of the voluntarily submitted phone secured the necessary evidence.","causal_attribution":"Union and police positions as reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'피해교사들은 사건이 드러난 지 두 달이 지나도록 병원 치료와 심리상담을 받으면서도 매일 학교에 출근해 수업하고 있다.'; '지난 14일에는 변호사 조력 없이 경찰 피해자 조사를 받았고, 17일에는 교육청과 학교안전공제회의 조력 없이 지역교권보호위원회에 출석했다. 형사고소장도 피해교사들이 직접 작성해 제출했다고 노조는 주장했다.'; '대체교사를 구하기 어려워 사용할 수 있는 특별휴가 16일 가운데 3~4일 정도만 사용하고 있다는 게 노조 측 설명이다.'; '노조는 학교안전공제회가 형사고소 변호사비를 피해교사 개인별이 아닌'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'제주교사노동조합은 14일 입장문을 내고 해당 사건 피해교사들이 이날 도교육청 변호사의 조력을 받지 못한 채 경찰 피해자 조사에 출석했다고 밝혔다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s10"}],"assertion":"According to the union, two months after the case came to light the victim teachers are receiving hospital treatment and counselling while going to school every day; on 14 September they gave police statements without a lawyer and on 17 September attended the regional teachers' rights protection committee without institutional support; they wrote the criminal complaint themselves; they have used only three or four of 16 days of special leave because substitute teachers cannot be found; and the school safety mutual-aid association proposes legal fees of 3.3 million won for all victim teachers combined, payable after the case ends.","causal_attribution":"The union's account as reported; not independently confirmed."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'교육청에도 치료비나 휴식, 병가 등 피해교사에 대한 지원이 필요하다는 취지로 이야기했다'; '피해교사들은 지난 1일과 3일 두 차례 교육감 면담을 요청했지만 받아들여지지 않았고'; '노조는 오는 10월 2일까지 전국 교사·시민을 대상으로 가해자 엄벌 탄원과 피해교사 지원을 요구하는 서명운동을 벌인다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'노조에 따르면 피해교사들은 지난 1일과 3일 두 차례 교육감 면담을 요청했고 이후 재고를 요청했지만 답변을 받지 못했다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s10"}],"assertion":"Police said they had told the education office that the teachers need support such as treatment costs, rest and sick leave; the victim teachers requested meetings with the superintendent on 1 and 3 September without success and a third written request was sent to the superintendent's office on 21 September; the union is collecting signatures until 2 October 2026 for severe punishment and victim support.","causal_attribution":"Police and union statements as reported; the meeting requests are described in a passage introduced by reference to the union side."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A 군은 7월 중순쯤 모 중학교 현장체험학습 도중 교사의 신체를 휴대전화로 촬영한 혐의로 입건됐다.'; '경찰은 휴대전화 조사 과정에서 범행이 수개월간 이어졌으며 피해자가 다수 있는 것을 확인했다.'; '다만 경찰은 합성물을 유포한 정황은 발견하지 못했다고 전했다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"News1 reports that the student was booked for filming a teacher's body with his phone during a school field trip around mid-July 2026, that the phone examination showed the offending had continued for several months with multiple victims, and that police found no indication the composites were distributed.","causal_attribution":"Police account as reported by News1."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'당시 확인한 내용을 바탕으로 피해대상자와 피해유형을 별도의 목록으로 작성해 뒀다'; '경찰 피해자 조사에서 제가 확인하게 된 제 피해자료의 양이 사건 초기 휴대전화에서 직접 확인했던 것보다 상당히 적었다'; '경찰이 의도적으로 피해를 축소했다는 것은 아니다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'경찰 수사 초기 재학생들이 촬영 대상으로 보이는 자료를 직접 확인해 피해 대상자와 피해 유형을 별도의 목록으로 작성해 뒀다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'경찰 수사 초기 가해 학생의 휴대전화에서 직접 확인한 피해 학생만 10~20명에 달했다'; '졸업생 중에는 교사들보다 훨씬 심각한 수준의 딥페이크 피해를 입은 사례도 존재했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'저희보다 진짜 심한 내용으로 딥페이크를 많이 당한 한 졸업생을 확인하고, 학부모에게 얘기하고 그 학생이 다니는 학교에 학교폭력 신고도 접수했는데 경찰에서는 (피해자가)특정 안 됐다고 했다'; '경찰은 처음에 불법 촬영만 있다고 하다가 며칠 뒤에야 딥페이크를 찾았다 했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'2년 간 함께해 온 아이들이었기 때문에 교사로서 피해 상황을 특정할 수 있었고, 피해 학생들의 목록까지 만들어뒀다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"At a press interview on 29 September 2026 one of the victim teachers said that early in the investigation she had seen on the student's phone material in which other teachers and current students appeared to be the subjects and had written a list of the people and types of harm; that the amount of her own material shown to her at the police victim examination was considerably less than what she had seen, with more confirmed only after she went through her list; that she recognised 10 to 20 students (Yonhap-chain quotes) and a graduate who had suffered worse deepfakes and whose school received a school-violence report; and that she was not alleging deliberate minimisation.","causal_attribution":"The teacher's own account to the press (one origin, carried by several outlets); the numbers are her recollection of what she saw on the phone and are disputed by police (c3, c9)."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'휴대전화 포렌식 등을 통해 철저히 수사했고, 사회적 통념을 벗어난 행위는 모두 특정해 입증했다'; '수사 과정에서 학생 1명도 피해를 본 것으로 확인됐는데, 이 학생은 다른 학교에 재학 중인 학생'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'경찰 측은 수사 과정에서 다른 학교에 재학 중인 학생 1명의 피해 사실을 확인해 입건 수사했다고 설명했다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Police responded on 29 September 2026 that the investigation had been thorough, using phone forensics, that every act beyond social norms had been identified and proven, and that one student had been confirmed as a victim, a student attending a different school, whose case was booked and investigated.","causal_attribution":"Police official's statement to News1 (by telephone) and as relayed by JoongAng; one origin."},{"id":"c10","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'사건은 지난 22일 경찰에서 검찰로 송치됐다는 통보가 이뤄졌고, 이틀 뒤인 24일 소년보호사건으로 법원에 송치됐다는 결정이 피해 교사들에게 전달됐다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'검찰로 사건이 송치됐다는 통보를 받은 뒤 불과 이틀 만인 지난 24일 소년부 송치 결정이 이뤄졌다는 통보를 받아 당황스러운 상황'; '경찰에 내려던 자료를 하나도 내지 못한 상태인데, 조만간 피해자 의견서와 객관적 자료를 별도로 정리해 제출할 예정'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'해당 중학생은 지난 24일 소년보호사건으로 법원 소년부에 송치됐다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'경찰이 검찰로 사건을 넘긴지 이틀 만인 지난 24일 소년보호사건으로 법원 송치가 결정된 것에 대해'; '현재 경찰에 제출하기로 한 자료를 하나도 제출하지 못한 상태다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'피해자료를 제출할 시간도 없이 사건이 검찰을 거쳐 소년부로 넘어갔다고 주장했다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"The victim teachers were notified on 22 September 2026 that the case had been sent from the police to the prosecution and on 24 September that it had been referred to the court's juvenile division as a juvenile protection case; the teacher said none of the material she had intended to submit to the police had been filed and that a victim opinion and objective material would be submitted separately.","causal_attribution":"The referral dates come from the notifications the teachers describe; no court or prosecution record or official statement was read, so the claim stays reported. The court is not named."},{"id":"c11","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A씨 등 교사 5명 등의 신체를 불법 촬영하고 딥페이크 이미지를 제작한 혐의로 검거된 해당 중학생은 지난 24일 소년보호사건으로 법원 소년부에 송치됐다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'B군은 교사 5명 등을 대상으로 한 불법 촬영 혐의로 법원 소년부에 송치된 상태다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Yonhap-chain reports of 29 September 2026 describe the student as referred to the court's juvenile division on charges of illegally filming five teachers and others and making deepfake images.","causal_attribution":"One chain (Yonhap, via Segye and JoongAng); the origin of the figure (police, referral papers or the union) is not stated. Police had withheld the number on 23 September."},{"id":"c12","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'최초 고소장에는 불법촬영과 AI 허위영상물뿐 아니라 ▲2025년 발생한 실제 신체접촉의 강제추행 해당 여부 ▲2026년 반복적인 접근·대기·지켜보기 등의 행위에 대한 스토킹범죄 해당 여부도 별도로 수사해 달라는 내용이 담겼다고 피해 교사 측은 밝혔다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'이 사건은 지난 7월 학교 현장체험학습에서야 드러났지만 가해 학생에 의한 신체 접촉, 스토킹 등의 피해는 2025년부터 계속됐다고 한다.'; '매일 아침 출근하는 게 굉장히 무서웠습니다. 정확히 제가 올라가는 계단에서 (저를) 찍으려고 기다렸습니다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'사건은 지난 7월 교외 체험학습 과정에서 불거졌다. 피해교사들에 따르면 당시 학생들과 영화관에 갔고, 한 학생이 교사 주변을 반복적으로 배회하는 모습이 목격됐다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"The teacher said the original criminal complaint had also asked police to investigate physical contact in 2025 as possible forcible molestation and repeated approaching, waiting and watching in 2026 as possible stalking; Halla Ilbo reports that physical contact and stalking by the student are said to have continued since 2025, and quotes her saying she was frightened every morning because the student waited on the stairs she used in order to film her.","causal_attribution":"The teachers' account of their complaint and experience; whether the 2025 conduct is part of the charged case is not stated."},{"id":"c13","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'제주교사노동조합에 따르면 형사고소 변호사비가 피해교사 전체를 합쳐 330만원으로 산정됐고, 이마저 사건 종결 이후 지급되는 것으로 알려졌다.'; '노조는 피해교사 1인당 기준으로 변호사비를 선지급해야하고, 전담 지원팀을 구성해 특별휴가를 실질적으로 보장해야 한다고 주장했다.'; '도교육청 소속 변호사는 학교 법률자문과 현장 지원 등의 업무를 수행하고 있지만 공공기관 소속이기 때문에 교원 개인의 변호인으로 선임돼 경찰 조사에 참여할 수는 없다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"},{"locator":"'이번 사건은 학생과 교사라는 특수성이 있고, 소년법과 관련된 절차도 있기 때문에 이 사건의 특성에 맞는 변호사를 직접 선임하고 싶었지만, 관련된 비용은 지원되지 않았다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'실제 지역교권보호위원회와 경찰 피해자 조사에는 교육청이 지원한 변호사의 동행 없이 참석했다.'; '교원을 상대로 민·형사 소송이 제기된 경우 교원보호공제회를 통해 심급별 최대 660만원의 소송비용을 지원한다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'피소를 당할 때는 각자 자기 방어를 해야 되기 때문에 개인별로 660만원 내에서 지원하지만, 고소를 하는 경우에는 건당 (330만원을) 지원하고 있다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"}],"assertion":"Legal-aid dispute: the union says criminal-complaint lawyer fees were set at 3.3 million won for all victim teachers together, payable after the case ends, and demands per-teacher fees paid in advance and a dedicated support team; the teacher says she wanted to appoint a lawyer suited to a juvenile-law case but no costs were supported and no office lawyer accompanied the teachers to the police examination or the protection committee; the education office says a teacher who is sued receives up to 6.6 million won per instance while a teacher who files a complaint receives 3.3 million won per case, and that its lawyers, as public-body staff, cannot act as an individual teacher's counsel at a police examination.","causal_attribution":"Union, teacher and education-office positions as reported on 29 September; the office's rules are its own description of the mutual-aid terms."},{"id":"c14","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'보다 포괄적인 지원이 가능하도록 국가 성평등가족부가 운영하는 디지털성범죄피해자지원센터를 연계했다고 부연했다.'; '피해자들이 심각한 어려움을 겪고 있는 상황에 비해 초기 지원이 체감되지 못한 부분이 있었던 것 같다'; '그 부분에 대해서는 죄송스럽고 안타깝게 생각하고 있다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"},{"locator":"'(064-1395)를 통한 교육활동 침해 사안 통합 지원 체계를 발표하면서'; '좀 더 잘 지원하지 못한 것에 대해 죄송스럽고 안타깝게 생각한다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'제주도교육청은 이날 오전 별개로 가진 브리핑에서 피해교원에 대한 초기 지원이 충분히 체감되지 못한 부분이 있었다며 유감을 표했다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'내년 1월 1일 출범하는 교육활동보호담당관의 역할과 운영 방향을 구체화할 예정이다.'; '도교육청은 다음 달 15일 ‘교육활동보호의 새로운 출발, 함께 길을 찾다’를 주제로 토론회를 열어'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"At a briefing on 29 September 2026 the Jeju education office said it had linked the victim teachers to the national Digital Sexual Crime Victim Support Center, announced an integrated support system for teacher-activity infringements run through a hotline and its protection centre, with a forum on 15 October and a new protection officer post from 1 January 2027, and its section head said the office was sorry and regretful that early support had not been felt by the victims.","causal_attribution":"Education office briefing as reported by three outlets (one origin)."},{"id":"c15","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'제주교사노동조합은 14일 입장문을 내고 해당 사건 피해교사들이 이날 도교육청 변호사의 조력을 받지 못한 채 경찰 피해자 조사에 출석했다고 밝혔다.'; '노조는 지난 3일 공제회에 변호사 보수 재산정 이의서를 제출했다.'; '최근 발생한 딥페이크 사건을 거론하며 도교육청의 법률지원 체계를 따져 물었다.'; '타 시도가 어떻게 하고 있는지 파악해 피해 교원들이 혼자 대응하지 않도록 하는 방안을 모색해 보겠다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s10"}],"assertion":"On 14 September 2026 the Jeju Teachers' Union said the victim teachers attended the police victim examination that day without the help of an education-office lawyer, that it had filed an objection on 3 September to the mutual-aid body's fee calculation, and that two requests to meet the superintendent had gone unanswered; the same day a member of the provincial council's education committee questioned the office's legal-support system and the education bureau chief said the office would look at ways to stop victim teachers having to respond alone.","causal_attribution":"Union statement and council proceedings as reported by Newsjeju (one origin)."},{"id":"c16","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'전교조 제주지부는 교육청에 ▲불법촬영물·딥페이크 영상의 신속한 삭제·차단 ▲전문기관과 연계한 피해 영상 모니터링 ▲법률·심리·의료 지원 ▲수사·치료에 필요한 휴가와 시간 보장 ▲대체수업 및 대체인력 지원 ▲가해학생과의 실질적인 분리 ▲피해교사의 개인정보 및 사건정보 보호 등을 요구했다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s11"}],"assertion":"On 28 September 2026 the KTU Jeju branch demanded that the education office set up a victim-support system: rapid deletion and blocking of the filmed and deepfake material, monitoring through specialist bodies, legal, psychological and medical support, leave and time for investigation and treatment, substitute teaching and staff, real separation from the student, protection of the teachers' personal and case information, and a response manual.","causal_attribution":"Union statement as reported (one origin)."},{"id":"c17","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'교육당국 측은 00중 딥페이크 사건 관련 추가 형사고소에 대한 변호사 비용 지원 신청을 최종 받아들이지 않았다'; '이미 경찰수사가 진행 중인 상황에서 피해 교사들의 추가 고소가 교육활동 침해행위의 지속을 중단시키거나 재발을 방지하는 데 실효적 조치로 보기 어렵다'; '지원 요건 미충족을 기각사유로 들었다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s12"}],"assertion":"Seogwipo Broadcasting reported on 6 October 2026, citing people in education and a tipster, that in a written opinion on litigation-cost support the education authority had finally rejected the victim teachers' application for lawyer fees for an additional criminal complaint in the case, saying that with a police investigation already under way a further complaint by the teachers could hardly be seen as an effective measure to stop or prevent the infringement of their educational activity, so the support requirements were not met.","causal_attribution":"One outlet's account of the written opinion, sourced to people in education and a tipster; the opinion itself was not read. Linking this report to this case is the reviewer's inference; the article body names neither the school nor the region."},{"id":"c18","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'과거 서귀포 모 초등학교에서 발생한 두 차례의'; '유사 성범죄 당시에는 피해자에 대한 소송비용이 100% 지원됐던 사례와 비교할 때 이번 기각 결정은 형평성에 크게 어긋난다는 지적이다'; '딥페이크 범죄에 대해서는 지원을 기각하는 것은 형평성에 맞지 않는다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s12"}],"assertion":"The same report says people in education object that victims' litigation costs were fully supported in earlier sexual-harassment and sexual-offence cases, including two incidents at an elementary school in Seogwipo, and quotes a tipster calling the rejection inequitable.","causal_attribution":"Criticism as reported by one outlet; the earlier cases' support was not checked."}],"effects":[{"label":"teachers secretly filmed by a student, with some footage turned into sexual deepfake composites","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"victim teachers in hospital treatment and counselling for two months while teaching daily; questioned without a lawyer, attended the protection committee without support and wrote the complaint themselves","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the victim teachers say students and a graduate they recognised in the footage were never identified as victims and a letter to parents said there were none; police say one student at another school was confirmed","claim_id":"c8","direction":"negative"},{"label":"a teacher reports fear of going to school because the student waited on the stairs to film her, and physical contact and stalking said to date from 2025 (teacher's account)","claim_id":"c12","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/society/accident/2026/09/23/20260923500094","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-23 (Seoul Shinmun, 강동삼, published 11:18 KST 23 September 2026): police announcement, the paper's own call to a police official, the Jeju teachers' union's statements. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"seoul-shinmun"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.news1.kr/local/jeju/6300227","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-09-23 through the r.jina.ai reader proxy (live page 403); News1 Jeju, 고동명, 23 September 2026: the police announcement of the referral, the mid-July field-trip filming for which he was booked, several months of offending with multiple victims, and no indication of distribution of the composites. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"news1"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/society/accident/2026/09/29/20260929500240","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Seoul Shinmun [속보], 29 September 2026): the victim teacher's press interview at the Jeju Teachers' Union office, the 22/24 September referral notices, the contents of the original complaint, and the education office's support measures. The teacher's statements are one origin whichever outlet carries them. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"teacher-press-interview-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.news1.kr/local/jeju/6305066","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"News1 Jeju (오미란), 29 September 2026. Live page returned HTTP 403 on 2026-09-30; read in Korean through News1's Daum mirror (v.daum.net/v/20260929174948788). Carries the press interview and News1's own call to a police official (thorough forensics; one student victim at a different school). Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"teacher-press-interview-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25465730","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (JoongAng Ilbo, 29 September 2026; Yonhap photo, text closely matching Segye: Yonhap chain). Gives the 10-20 students figure, the graduate, the police reply (one student at another school booked and investigated) and '교사 5명 등'. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"teacher-press-interview-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://m.segye.com/ampView/20260929518740","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Segye Ilbo AMP page, 29 September 2026; Yonhap photo and Yonhap-chain text). Direct quotes from the teacher on the 10-20 students, the parents' letter, the graduate and the school-violence report; states five teachers and the 24 September juvenile-division referral. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"teacher-press-interview-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.jejusori.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=506962","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Jejusori, 29 September 2026): own report of the press interview, the July cinema field trip, the list of students, the legal-aid complaints, and the education office's expression of regret at its separate briefing. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"teacher-press-interview-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s8","url":"http://www.ihalla.com/article.php?aid=1790673054791032014","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Halla Ilbo, 29 September 2026, updated 30 September): own report of the interview (fear on the stairs; conduct since 2025; nothing yet submitted; 24 September referral) and of the education office's briefing (hotline; 660/330만원 rules; apology). Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"teacher-press-interview-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s9","url":"https://www.jejusori.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=506933","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Jejusori, 29 September 2026): the education office's briefing on legal-aid rules and the union's demands (per-teacher fees in advance, dedicated team), including the section head's apology. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"jeju-education-office-briefing-2026-09-29"},{"id":"s10","url":"https://www.newsjeju.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=425867","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Newsjeju, 14 September 2026): the Jeju Teachers' Union statement that the teachers attended the police victim examination without an office lawyer, the 3 September fee objection, the unanswered superintendent meeting requests, and the provincial council education committee's questioning of the office. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"jeju-teachers-union-statement-2026-09-14"},{"id":"s11","url":"https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/society/accident/2026/09/28/20260928500112","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-30 (Seoul Shinmun, 28 September 2026): the KTU Jeju branch statement demanding a victim-support system and a response manual. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"ktu-jeju-statement-2026-09-28"},{"id":"s12","url":"http://www.seogwipo.tv/news/articleView.html?idxno=14912","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200; Seogwipo Broadcasting, 6 October 2026): own report, citing people in education and a tipster, of the education authority's written opinion rejecting the teachers' lawyer-fee application. The article body calls the school '00중'. English renderings are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"seogwipo-tv-2026-10-06"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","work","justice"],"unknowns":["The number of victim teachers: Yonhap-chain reports say five ('교사 5명 등'); police withheld the number on 23 September and the figure's origin is not stated.","Whether the 10-20 current students and the graduate the victim teacher says she recognised on the phone are victims: police say no student at the school was a victim and one student at a different school was confirmed; the teachers dispute the identification procedure.","The filming for which the student was booked took place around mid-July 2026 during a school field trip (News1; Jejusori: a cinema visit); the teachers say physical contact and stalking date from 2025 (Halla Ilbo), so the start of the series is unknown; the record keeps July 2026 with month precision for the filming.","Whether the 2025 physical-contact and 2026 stalking allegations in the original complaint are part of the case referred to the juvenile division.","The court handling the juvenile protection case is not named; the referral dates (22 and 24 September) come from the teachers' account of the notifications they received, and no court or prosecution record was read.","The tool used; outlets describe the material variously as composites, deepfake images and deepfake video; whether the composites are separately charged.","The student's age and grade.","How the juvenile division disposes of the case and whether the teachers' additional evidence and victim opinion are considered.","Korean bodies were read by the model without human bilingual review.","Which additional criminal complaint the rejected lawyer-fee application concerned, which body issued the written opinion, and its date. Seogwipo Broadcasting refers only to the education authority and names neither the school (written '00중') nor the region for this case; it names Seogwipo only for the earlier comparison cases. This review links the report to this case by inference from the outlet's Jeju location, the case description (victim teachers of a middle-school deepfake sexual-offence case) and the legal-cost dispute already recorded in c13 and c15."],"geography":{"basis":"A middle school on Jeju, South Korea; investigated by Jeju Dongbu Police Station; the teachers work there (Seoul Shinmun, News1). Per the victim teachers' notifications the case was sent to the prosecution on 22 September and to a court's juvenile division on 24 September 2026 (Seoul Shinmun, News1, Segye, Halla Ilbo); the court is not named but is the Korean court handling this Jeju juvenile case, so court_countries is KR.","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Full review on 2026-10-06 adding Seogwipo Broadcasting's 6 October report that the education authority rejected the victim teachers' lawyer-fee application for an additional criminal complaint. Police say forensic examination of the student's phone found sexual composites made from footage of teachers, so the teachers were depicted in the AI output (depicted_or_impersonated); the adverse experience continues for the victim teachers, documented by a police announcement, the teachers' public statements, police replies, the education office's statements and now the Seogwipo report. The teachers' statements are one origin whichever outlet carries them, the police replies one origin, the office briefing one origin and the Seogwipo report its own origin, so no claim is corroborated; c3 is recorded as disputed with both positions. No teacher, student or school is named; the student is a minor; officials are described by role.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-06"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Police say forensic examination of the student's phone found sexual composites made from footage of teachers; outlets describe them as deepfake composites, deepfake images (Segye, JoongAng) or deepfake video (Jejusori, KTU statement via Seoul Shinmun); the tool is not named and no forensic description of the method is reported. The primary charge is illegal filming, and police told News1 they found no indication the composites were distributed.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jeju: police refer a middle-school student over secretly filming teachers and making sexual deepfake composites; teachers dispute victim count and legal aid","summary":"Jeju Dongbu police announced on 23 September 2026 that a student at a middle school on Jeju had been referred to prosecutors without detention on 17 September for violating the Sexual Violence Punishment Act (filming with a camera or similar device). The student's phone was voluntarily submitted by his guardians and forensically examined; the examination found footage relating to some teachers and some sexual composites, and the student admitted the conduct. News1 reported that the student was booked for filming a teacher's body with his phone during a school field trip around mid-July 2026, that the offending had continued for several months with multiple victims, and that police found no indication the composites had been distributed. Police told Seoul Shinmun there were more victim teachers than the one first reported but withheld the number to avoid secondary harm, and that no student at the school was a victim; the Jeju teachers' union questioned whether the full scope of harm had been established. According to the union, two months on the victim teachers were receiving hospital treatment and counselling while teaching daily, gave police statements on 14 September without a lawyer, attended the regional teachers' rights protection committee on 17 September without institutional support, wrote the criminal complaint themselves, and were offered 3.3 million won in legal fees for all of them together, payable after the case ends; two requests to meet the superintendent were not accepted. On 29 September one of the victim teachers gave a press interview at the Jeju Teachers' Union office. She said that early in the investigation she had seen on the student's phone material showing other teachers and current students, had made a list of the people and types of harm, and that the material shown to her at the police victim examination was considerably less than what she had seen; Yonhap-chain outlets quote her as saying the students she recognised numbered 10 to 20 and that a graduate had suffered worse deepfakes. She said investigators asked the school only to identify the perpetrator and never requested material to identify the students in the footage, and that the school sent parents a letter premised on there being no student victims. Police replied that phone forensics had been thorough, that every act beyond social norms had been identified and proven, and that one student victim had been confirmed, a student at a different school. The teachers were notified on 22 September that the case had gone to the prosecution and on 24 September that it had been sent to the court's juvenile division as a juvenile protection case, before they had submitted further evidence and a victim opinion. The teacher said the original complaint had also asked police to examine whether physical contact in 2025 was forcible molestation and whether repeated approaching and waiting in 2026 was stalking, and Halla Ilbo reports that such conduct is said to date from 2025. Yonhap-chain reports describe the charged victims as five teachers. The same day the education office briefed on legal-aid rules (up to 6.6 million won per instance when a teacher is sued, 3.3 million won per case when a teacher files a complaint; office lawyers cannot act as a teacher's private counsel), said it had linked the teachers to the national Digital Sexual Crime Victim Support Center, announced an integrated support system through a hotline, and its section head said the office was sorry that early support had not been felt. The KTU Jeju branch (28 September) and the Jeju Teachers' Union (14 and 29 September) demand a victim-support system, per-teacher legal fees paid in advance and a dedicated support team. On 6 October 2026 Seogwipo Broadcasting reported, citing people in education and a tipster, that the education authority had finally rejected the victim teachers' application for lawyer fees for an additional criminal complaint, saying in a written opinion that with a police investigation already under way a further complaint could hardly stop or prevent the infringement of their teaching, so the support requirements were not met; critics contrast this with full legal-cost support in earlier sexual-offence cases.","incidentDate":"2026-07-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-23","aiSystem":"AI image-compositing ('deepfake') tool; not named in the police announcement","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Teachers were secretly filmed by a student and some footage was turned into sexual deepfake composites; two months on, per the union and the teachers' own account, the victim teachers are in hospital treatment and counselling while continuing to teach at the same school and handled the police statement, the protection committee and the criminal complaint without legal or institutional support. One teacher says she was afraid to go to school each morning because the student waited on the stairs to film her, and that physical contact and stalking date from 2025 (teacher's account). The filming and composites are admitted per police; the teachers' situation is the union's and the teachers' account.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":6,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Yonhap-chain reports (Segye, JoongAng, 29 September) describe the charged victims as five teachers ('교사 5명 등'); police told News1 and JoongAng that one student at a different school was confirmed as a victim. Five plus one gives a documented minimum of 6. The 10-20 current students and the graduate the victim teacher says she recognised are her account, disputed by police, and are not counted. Followers, parents and the school community are not counted. Documented minimum 6.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/society/accident/2026/09/23/20260923500094","primarySourceLabel":"Seoul Shinmun, 23 September 2026: student who filmed teachers and made deepfakes referred to prosecutors; police say no student victims at the school","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-23T03:45:58.820151+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T03:13:01.412468+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","south-korea","jeju","teachers","school","illegal-filming","prosecutor-referral","depicted-or-impersonated","juvenile-protection-case","teachers-union","education-office","legal-aid"]},{"id":"2026-kumar-sdt-strike-off-ai-citations","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"SDT judgment, Allegation 2.1 findings and the schedule of false/miscited authorities.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"RollOnFriday's listing of the bogus citations.","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Allegation 2.1 was found proved: Kumar's 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI, including the non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502', the miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' (in reality an IP case) and a misattributed Baxendale-Walker passage.","causal_attribution":"Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; trade press accounts are consistent."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"SDT judgment, Allegation 2.2 findings and the 13 April acceptance.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Allegation 2.2 was found proved: his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted and contained further errors, which he accepted on 13 April 2026.","causal_attribution":"Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"SDT judgment, sanction and reasoning passages.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Outer Temple's case note confirming the outcome and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing.","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"On 25 August 2026 the SDT struck Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers with culpability 'very high', stating it would have struck him off on either allegation alone; the tribunal invoked Ayinde v Haringey LBC [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin).","causal_attribution":"Directly established by the tribunal's written judgment; the 'first AI case' framing comes from the SRA's counsel and is attributed."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"SDT judgment, conviction allegation and sentence passages.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court reference (recorded as a discrepancy; the judgment controls).","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The parallel ground was his 29 January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 — recorded by the judgment as at the Central Criminal Court (RollOnFriday says Isleworth Crown Court, a discrepancy) — sentenced on 26 April 2024 to a 12-month community order with 150 hours' unpaid work.","causal_attribution":"The conviction ground is established by the judgment; the convicting-court discrepancy across outlets is preserved."}],"effects":[{"label":"lawyer struck off after AI-generated false citations in his disciplinary defence","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf","kind":"tribunal_judgment","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Judgment PDF read on 2026-09-15 (25 Aug 2026): allegations, findings, sanction, panel, and the Ayinde v Haringey invocation.","independence_group":"sdt"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/lawyer-struck-off-for-using-fake-ai-generated-cases-before-sdt","kind":"trade_press","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026).","independence_group":"legal-futures"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/foreign-lawyer-produced-ai-generated-false-citations-at-sdt/5127825.article","kind":"trade_press","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (4 Sep 2026, Hyde).","independence_group":"law-gazette"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.rollonfriday.com/news-content/first-lawyer-struck-ai-addiction","kind":"trade_press","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (11 Sep 2026). Colour and the specific bogus citations; its 'AI addiction' framing is editorial joking, not a finding.","independence_group":"rollonfriday"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.outertemple.com/joshua-hitchens-acts-for-the-sra-in-the-first-solicitors-disciplinary-tribunal-case-on-a-lawyers-use-of-ai/","kind":"counsel_case_note","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (8 Sep 2026). SRA counsel's chambers' note: case number, dates, judgment link, and the 'first SDT case on a lawyer's use of AI' framing; participant-side account, recorded as such.","independence_group":"outer-temple"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The specific generative AI tool is not named in the inspected accounts.","The convicting court appears as the Central Criminal Court in the judgment and Isleworth Crown Court in RollOnFriday; the judgment controls but the discrepancy is unresolved in the inspected material.","Whether Kumar seeks to appeal the strike-off is not reported.","His employment status after the strike-off is not reported; the Law Gazette's employment background predates it."],"geography":{"basis":"Events: his practice and the SRA proceedings in England. Affected person: Kumar, on the Register of Foreign Lawyers in England and Wales. Court: the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal; the parallel conviction was at the Central Criminal Court (per the judgment; RollOnFriday's Isleworth Crown Court is a recorded discrepancy).","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an own-use, work-context adverse consequence with tribunal-found AI misconduct and a dated, career-ending sanction. This applies the charter's individual-review rule to the AI-sanction class; a class-level ruling is not required. Kumar is named in a public tribunal judgment; the parallel conviction ground is recorded for completeness and is not used to inflate the AI link. RollOnFriday's 'AI addiction' framing is recorded as editorial joking.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Tribunal-found: the 12 March 2026 Answer's misleading quotations and citations were produced with generative AI, and the 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors (accepted 13 April). The specific tool is not named in the inspected accounts.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"SDT strikes solicitor Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after AI-generated false citations in his SRA defence","summary":"On 25 August 2026 the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal struck Abhishek Kumar off the Register of Foreign Lawyers after finding proved that his 12 March 2026 Answer to the SRA's Rule 12 Statement contained misleading quotations and citations produced with generative AI — including a non-existent 'SRA v Chan [2020] EWHC 1502' and a miscited 'SRA v James, MacGregor & Naylor [2018] EWCA Civ 1420' that is actually an intellectual-property case — and that his 9 April 2026 email admitting AI use was itself AI-drafted with further errors. The tribunal said it would have struck him off on that allegation alone; the parallel ground was his January 2024 conviction under s.21 of the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006. This is the SDT's first case on a lawyer's use of AI, per the SRA's counsel.","incidentDate":"2026-03-12","incidentEndDate":"2026-08-25","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-04","aiSystem":"Generative AI (tool not named in inspected accounts)","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI tool","aiCompany":"Unknown","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Career-ending professional consequence for the lawyer who submitted AI-generated false citations in his own disciplinary defence: struck off the Register of Foreign Lawyers on 25 August 2026, with culpability rated 'very high'.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One documented harmed person: Kumar himself, the AI user struck off (SDT judgment). No client or third-party harm is reported in the inspected sources and none is counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://solicitorstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/12884-2026-Kumar-.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal judgment, SRA Ltd v Abhishek Kumar, Case No. 12884-2026 (25 Aug 2026)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-15T06:18:05.203137+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:43.433309+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["work","justice","legal-profession","strike-off","fabricated-citations","sdt","own-use","uk"]}]}