{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-14T10:37:46.453Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"job-loss","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":1,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":2,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":2},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-spanish-court-upholds-translators-dismissal-after-employer-blamed-clients-switch-to-ai-translation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"La empleada llevaba trabajando para la empresa desde enero de 2007, como traductora, y tenía un contrato indefinido a tiempo completo ... En mayo de 2024, le comunicaron su despido objetivo con efectos desde el día 31, cuando ya acumulaba una antigüedad de más de 17 años.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Una relación laboral que, sin embargo, terminaba abruptamente en mayo de 2024, cuando la empresa comunicaba a la trabajadora la decisión de extinguir su contrato de trabajo por causas objetivas.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A translator employed full time by a translation and interpreting company since January 2007 was notified in May 2024 of an objective dismissal, after more than 17 years of service.","causal_attribution":"Facts of the case as relayed from the judgment by two legal-news outlets."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«Nuestro sector se ve afectado por una transformación profunda como consecuencia de la introducción de las nuevas tecnologías, reforzado esto con la aparición de la IA. Parte de las traducciones que los clientes encargaban a las empresas de traducción han desaparecido porque los clientes realizan esas traducciones por sus propios medios","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"El motivo principal del despido fue la transformación “profunda” que había atravesado el sector de la traducción debido a la introducción de nuevas tecnologías y la Inteligencia Artificial. Muchos clientes habían dejado de encargar traducciones al usar herramientas automáticas disponibles en internet, lo que obligó a la compañía a bajar los precios. Esto, irremediablemente, les provocó un descenso de los ingresos, lo que, en este caso, puso a la compañía en situación económica negativa.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The employer's dismissal letter attributed the dismissal to a transformation of the translation sector reinforced by AI, saying part of the translations clients used to order had disappeared because clients now did them by their own means.","causal_attribution":"The employer's stated reason as quoted and summarised in the reports; not a court finding that AI caused the decline."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"En concreto, la empresa pasó de tener beneficios mínimos en 2022 a registrar pérdidas de 10.995,27 euros en 2023. Esta situación empeoró drásticamente en el primer trimestre de 2024, acumulando pérdidas de 16.471,00 euros.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The company reported losses of 10,995.27 euros in 2023 and 16,471 euros in the first quarter of 2024 and said cutting costs was needed to avoid closure.","causal_attribution":"The employer's figures as reported; the worker disputed them (c5)."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"La traductora, no conforme con el despido, decidió impugnarlo, pero el Juzgado de lo Social Nº3 de Valladolid desestimó su demanda, declarándolo procedente. ... Por todo lo anterior, el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla y León desestimó el recurso de la trabajadora y confirmó íntegramente la sentencia de instancia, ratificando la procedencia del despido. ... No obstante, esta sentencia no era firme y contra la misma cabía interponer un recurso de casación para la unificación de doctrina ante el Tribunal Supremo.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"El caso llegó al Juzgado de lo Social nº 3 de Valladolid, que desestimó íntegramente las pretensiones de la trabajadora frente a la empresa de traducciones. ... Las cifras aportadas por la empresa convencieron al tribunal, que consideró justificado el despido objetivo por razones económicas y confirmó la sentencia de instancia.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The social court no. 3 of Valladolid rejected the translator's claim, and the High Court of Justice of Castilla y Leon dismissed her appeal and upheld the dismissal as justified on economic grounds; the ruling was reported as not final.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported by two outlets relaying the same judgment."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"La defensa de la trabajadora argumentó que la empresa había facturado más de 300.000 euros en años anteriores, con beneficios de entre 300 y 400 euros, y que «no se pueden considerar acreditadas las cantidades de las pérdidas que se reflejan en la carta de despido».","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"En último lugar, la trabajadora argumentó que la decisión de despedirla a ella y no al otro empleado fue arbitraria, pero el tribunal rechazó de nuevo este argumento por falta de datos.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The translator argued that the losses in the dismissal letter were not proven, citing earlier turnover above 300,000 euros, and that choosing her rather than the other employee was arbitrary; the High Court rejected both arguments.","causal_attribution":"The worker's arguments and the court's response as reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"El Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla y León dictó, el 15 de septiembre de 2025, uno de los primeros pronunciamientos en España que analiza si la transformación empresarial derivada de la implantación de Inteligencia Artificial puede servir de base para un despido objetivo (rec. 2003/2025). ... A medida que estas soluciones se generalizaron, cada vez más clientes empezaron a traducir directamente con IA, reduciendo la contratación de servicios profesionales.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A training firm's commentary dates the High Court ruling to 15 September 2025 (appeal 2003/2025) and says clients increasingly translated directly with AI as the tools spread.","causal_attribution":"Commentary on the same judgment; the date and appeal number were not checked against the judgment."}],"effects":[{"label":"translator dismissed after 17 years, employer citing clients switching to AI translation","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"dismissal upheld by the social court and on appeal","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.noticiastrabajo.es/empleo/derechos-trabajador/una-traductora-con-17-anos-de-antiguedad-es-despedida-por-culpa-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-la-empresa-entro-en-crisis-por-el-auge-de-las-herramientas-de-traduccion-automatica/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, published 15 Feb 2026). Translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator. The article reports the judgment; the judgment itself was not read.","independence_group":"castilla-leon-high-court-translator-judgment-relays"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://confilegal.com/20260401-traductora-despedida-porque-la-ia-hace-ya-innecesario-su-trabajo-aunque-la-empresa-no-la-utilice/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-11-01 through a Wayback Machine capture (the live page returned HTTP 403; article published 1 Apr 2026). Translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator. The article reports the judgment, quoting the dismissal letter and the court; the judgment itself was not read.","independence_group":"castilla-leon-high-court-translator-judgment-relays"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.grupo2000.es/inteligencia-artificial-justificar-despido/","kind":"commentary","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, published 21 Jul 2026). A training company's commentary; used only for the ruling date and appeal number. Translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator.","independence_group":"castilla-leon-high-court-translator-judgment-relays"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The text of the High Court judgment and of the first-instance ruling.","Whether the ruling was appealed to the Supreme Court.","How much of the company's decline the court attributed to clients' use of AI tools, beyond the employer's letter.","Where the company operates and where the translator lives."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the social court no. 3 of Valladolid and the High Court of Justice of Castilla y Leon under the Spanish Workers' Statute, as reported. The reports do not state where the company operates or where the translator lives, so those are left unknown rather than inferred from the courts' seat.","court_countries":["ES"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a consequential response to AI adoption: two legal-news outlets report that an employer dismissed a translator, citing clients who now translate with AI tools, and that the courts upheld the dismissal; the employer's account of the AI link is attributed.","reviewed_on":"2026-11-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the employer's dismissal of a translator in response to clients' adoption of AI translation. According to the dismissal letter as quoted by Confilegal and summarised by Noticias Trabajo, part of the translations clients used to order had disappeared because clients now did them by their own means with AI and automatic tools, and the resulting fall in revenue was the stated ground for the dismissal. No source says an AI system produced any output about the translator, so the relation is unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Spanish court upholds translator's dismissal after employer said clients had switched to AI translation, legal press reports","summary":"Noticias Trabajo and Confilegal report that a translation and interpreting company dismissed a translator on objective grounds in May 2024, after 17 years in the job. According to the dismissal letter as quoted by Confilegal, the sector had been transformed by new technologies reinforced by the appearance of AI, and part of the translations clients used to order had disappeared because clients now did them by their own means. Noticias Trabajo reports that the company cited a fall in revenue and losses of about 11,000 euros in 2023 and 16,471 euros in the first quarter of 2024. The translator challenged the dismissal, arguing that the losses were not proven and that choosing her over the other employee was arbitrary. The social court no. 3 of Valladolid rejected her claim, and the High Court of Justice of Castilla y Leon dismissed her appeal and upheld the dismissal as justified on economic grounds; a training firm's commentary dates that ruling to 15 September 2025. Noticias Trabajo says the ruling was not yet final. The courts' reasoning, as reported, rests on the company's accounts; how much of the decline the AI tools caused was the employer's account.","incidentDate":"2024-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-02-15","aiSystem":"Artificial-intelligence and automatic translation tools that, according to the employer's dismissal letter as reported, clients used to do their own translations instead of ordering them; no product is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified machine-translation tools","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The translator lost her job of more than 17 years in May 2024 in a dismissal the employer attributed to clients doing their own translations with AI and automatic tools; the courts upheld the dismissal, according to Noticias Trabajo and Confilegal.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One counted: the dismissed translator (Noticias Trabajo, Confilegal).","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_dismissed","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.noticiastrabajo.es/empleo/derechos-trabajador/una-traductora-con-17-anos-de-antiguedad-es-despedida-por-culpa-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-la-empresa-entro-en-crisis-por-el-auge-de-las-herramientas-de-traduccion-automatica/","primarySourceLabel":"Noticias Trabajo, 15 Feb 2026: translator with 17 years' service dismissed as AI translation hit her employer","firstPublishedAt":"2026-11-01T03:08:06.715925+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-11-01T03:08:06.715925+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["translation","dismissal","employment-court","machine-translation","job-loss"]},{"id":"2024-krakow-public-radio-channel-relaunched-with-ai-presenters-after-ending-freelance-hosts-contracts","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Dwa miesiące wcześniej likwidator Radia Kraków rozwiązał umowy ze współpracownikami, prowadzącymi audycje w Offie.'; 'pracę straciło ośmiu współpracowników'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The liquidator of Radio Kraków ended the contracts of the collaborators who hosted programmes on OFF Radio Kraków two months before the October 2024 relaunch; a former host says eight collaborators, himself included, lost their work.","causal_attribution":"OKO.press narrative and the former host's own count; the contracts themselves were not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ich głosy i twarze stworzono za pomocą programu sztucznej inteligencji'; 'Off Radio Kraków w nowej formule, opartej na wytworach sztucznej inteligencji, ruszyło oficjalnie 22 października.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The station’s programmes were presented by three AI characters, each of which had a specific personality, set of interests and even AI-generated images of how they look.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 22 October 2024 OFF Radio Kraków relaunched in a format based on AI output, with three presenters whose voices and faces were created with an AI program.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets describe the station's own announcement and broadcasts; they rest on the same origin, so the claim is reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Shortly after its launch, OFF aired an imagined, AI-generated interview with Wisława Szymborska, a Polish Nobel Prize-winning poet who died in 2012.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Shortly after the relaunch the channel aired an imagined, AI-generated interview with the poet Wisława Szymborska, who died in 2012.","causal_attribution":"Notes from Poland's account of the broadcast; it says the programme was authorised by the poet's foundation."},{"id":"c4","status":"disputed","evidence":[{"locator":"'Do godziny 15:30 we wtorek 22 października podpisało ją 8 tys. osób.'; 'Ale w momencie, kiedy przeczytałem o wykorzystaniu AI, nie mogłem tego tak zostawić'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'including from former staff at OFF, who said they had been fired to make way for the AI plans'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Former hosts say they lost their work to make way for the AI plans and started a petition against the experiment, which about 8,000 people had signed by the afternoon of 22 October 2024.","causal_attribution":"The former hosts' attribution of their lost work to the AI plan; the station denies it (c5). The same former host told OKO.press that the liquidator had cited cuts when ending the cooperation."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'informuję, że żaden pracownik Off Radia Kraków nie został zwolniony'; 'Przyczyną nie było wprowadzenie narzędzi sztucznej inteligencji'; 'zasięgi słuchalności Off Radia Kraków były bliskie zeru'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The liquidator said no employee of OFF Radio Kraków was dismissed, that the contracts with mainly external collaborators ended at the end of August 2024, that the reason was not the introduction of AI tools, and that the channel's audience reach was close to zero.","causal_attribution":"The liquidator's written statement to OKO.press, quoted directly."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'has decided to end the “experiment” after less than a week on the air following a backlash against the idea'; 'clearly communicating that we did not intend to replace people with machines'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After a backlash, Radio Kraków ended the AI channel on 28 October 2024, less than a week after launch, saying it had never intended to replace people with machines.","causal_attribution":"The station's statement as reported by Notes from Poland."}],"effects":[{"label":"freelance hosts lost their programmes and work when their contracts ended","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"former hosts say they were let go to make way for AI presenters, which the station denies","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://oko.press/off-radio-krakow-zamiast-dziennikarzy-ai","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pl","translation_note":"Read in full in the original Polish (HTML body and stripped text). The passages are quoted in Polish; the English renderings in the record are translations by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator.","independence_group":"oko-press-off-radio-oct-2024"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/10/28/polish-broadcaster-shuts-down-ai-run-radio-station-after-a-week-following-backlash/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English, the language of publication; no translation was needed.","independence_group":"notes-from-poland-off-radio-oct-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["Whether the contracts were ended because of the AI plan; the station denies it and the former hosts attribute it.","The exact number of people who lost work: one former host counts eight.","Whether any former host was taken back after the AI channel ended."],"geography":{"basis":"Both sources state that the station is Radio Kraków's OFF channel in Kraków, Poland, where the contracts were ended and the channel relaunched. The hosts' own countries are not stated, and no court was involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["PL"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete consequential response to AI adoption in which the causal link is disputed: freelance hosts of a public radio channel lost their work, and two months later the channel relaunched with AI presenters. The former hosts' attribution and the station's denial are both recorded, from two independent news outlets.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The station relaunched the channel with presenters whose voices and faces were created with an AI program, two months after ending the hosts' contracts (OKO.press, Notes from Poland). The former hosts attribute their lost work to that AI plan; the liquidator says the contracts ended because of near-zero audience and not because of AI. The harm is a consequential response to the broadcaster's adoption of AI presenters; no AI output was directed at the hosts, so the relation is unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"disputed"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Kraków public radio channel relaunched with AI presenters after ending freelance hosts' contracts; former hosts say they were replaced, station denies","summary":"Radio Kraków, a regional public broadcaster in Poland, ended the cooperation contracts of the freelance collaborators who hosted programmes on its OFF Radio Kraków channel at the end of August 2024. On 22 October 2024 the channel relaunched in a format based on artificial intelligence, with three presenters whose voices and faces were made with an AI program, and soon aired an AI-generated \"interview\" with the poet Wisława Szymborska, who died in 2012. A former host told OKO.press that eight collaborators, himself included, lost their work; former hosts started a petition against the \"experiment\" and, according to Notes from Poland, said they had been let go to make way for the AI plans. The station's liquidator and editor-in-chief said no employee was dismissed, that the contracts with external collaborators ended for reasons other than AI, chiefly near-zero audience figures, and that the station never intended to replace people with machines. After a backlash the station ended the AI channel on 28 October 2024, less than a week after launch. Whether the contracts ended because of the AI plan is disputed.","incidentDate":"2024-08-01","incidentEndDate":"2024-10-28","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-10-22","aiSystem":"Unnamed AI program used by Radio Kraków to generate the voices and images of three presenters and an imagined interview with a dead poet for its relaunched OFF Radio Kraków channel","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice and image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Freelance hosts of OFF Radio Kraków lost their programmes when their contracts ended in August 2024; a former host counts eight people, and the former hosts say they were let go to make way for the AI presenters launched in October 2024, which the station denies.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"disputed","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":8,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"A former freelance host told OKO.press that eight collaborators, himself included, lost their work; OKO.press separately says the AI presenters would replace more than a dozen journalists and presenters, which is not counted. Whether the losses were caused by the AI plan is disputed.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"PL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://oko.press/off-radio-krakow-zamiast-dziennikarzy-ai","primarySourceLabel":"OKO.press, 22 October 2024: Off Radio Kraków, an experiment on listeners. AI pushed people out of a public medium","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-24T03:10:09.777567+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-24T03:10:09.777567+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-presenters","public-broadcaster","freelance-journalists","job-loss-attributed-to-ai","disputed-causation","poland"]}]}