{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-09-30T07:51:56.544Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"jiangsu","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-chuzhou-anhui-farmer-ai-herbicide-plan-sesame-loss","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«记者翻看吴大伯和AI软件的对话记录，7月10号» (the reporter looked through the chat log: 10 July); «AI最终生成了“百亩芝麻飞防除草+除虫全套方案”：推荐除草剂“高效氟吡甲禾灵”和“氟磺胺草醚”» (the AI finally generated a 'full plan', recommending the herbicides haloxyfop-P-methyl and fomesafen); «喷下去第二天苗就不行了，草和苗一起死了，苗死得更快» (the day after spraying the seedlings failed; weeds and seedlings died together, the seedlings faster); «150亩芝麻苗一夜之间全部枯萎» (150 mu of sesame seedlings all withered overnight).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"«2026 年 7 月 10 日，他向 AI 询问芝麻田除草除虫方案» (on 10 July 2026 he asked the AI for a sesame weeding and pest-control plan).; '吴大伯按方案用无人机全田喷洒' (he sprayed the whole field by drone per the plan)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 10 July 2026 the farmer asked the AI app for a sesame weeding and pest-control plan and then a drone-spraying version; the app produced a 'full plan' naming haloxyfop-P-methyl and fomesafen as herbicides plus two insecticides; he sprayed the whole 150-mu field and the seedlings died the next day.","causal_attribution":"Farmer's account and the chat log viewed by the Lizhi News reporter; single chain."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«除草剂“氟磺胺草醚”，是一种专用于大豆田的阔叶除草剂，不能喷洒在芝麻田中» (fomesafen is a broadleaf herbicide for soybean fields and cannot be sprayed on sesame); «全田打的话肯定会打死作物» (whole-field spraying will certainly kill the crop); «AI告诉他，配方里的“氟磺胺草醚”是致死芝麻的元凶» (the AI told him the fomesafen in the mix was the culprit that killed the sesame).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A nearby pesticide dealer and an agronomist said fomesafen is a broadleaf herbicide for soybean fields that cannot be sprayed on sesame and that whole-field application kills the crop; when the farmer questioned the app afterwards, it said fomesafen was the cause.","causal_attribution":"Pesticide dealer and agronomist consulted by the reporter; no formal assessment of the cause is reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«AI对话记录的最上方，注明一行小字：AI生成可能有误，注意核实» (at the top of the chat log a line of small print: AI output may be wrong, verify); «AI软件没有自己的知识库，它是根据网络公开信息进行整合的» (the AI software has no knowledge base of its own; it integrates public web information); «针对吴大伯的损失，工作人员表示将登记反馈。截至发稿前，记者暂未获得回复» (on the loss, staff said they would log it for feedback; no reply by press time).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The chat window carried a small header line that AI output may be wrong and should be verified, which the farmer had never noticed; the app's customer service said the software has no knowledge base of its own and assembles answers from public web content, and logged the loss for follow-up; no reply had been received at publication.","causal_attribution":"Support-line reply recorded by the reporter; single chain."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'吴大伯按方案用无人机全田喷洒，次日 150 亩芝麻苗全部枯萎，草和苗一同死亡，预计损失约 15 万元' (he sprayed the whole field by drone per the plan; the next day 150 mu of seedlings withered; estimated loss about 150,000 yuan)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"«导致150亩芝麻一夜枯萎受损» (leading to 150 mu of sesame withering overnight); the post names the app as «豆包» (Doubao), a detail absent from s1. (150 mu withered; no monetary figure) and the post names the app as '豆包'","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"«面对损失，AI 平台主动承认方案出错» (facing the loss, the AI platform admitted on its own that the plan was wrong), unsourced commentary.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Relays and a trade commentary put the loss at about 150,000 yuan, and the trade commentary says the platform admitted the plan was wrong; neither statement appears in the text of the originating report.","causal_attribution":"Unsourced relay and commentary statements; recorded as reported and not adopted as fact."}],"effects":[{"label":"150 mu of sesame seedlings destroyed after spraying an AI-generated herbicide mix","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"no reply from the app operator by publication; the support line logged the loss","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20260801A09OZB00","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19: the Lizhi News (荔枝新闻, Jiangsu Broadcasting) report of 1 August 2026 republished on the outlet's official Tencent News account; body recovered from the page's script payload. Model-read original; English glosses are unreviewed by a bilingual human. The outlet's own site copy was not located.","independence_group":"lizhi-news-report"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ithome.com/0/987/474.htm","kind":"news_relay","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (ITHome, 9 August 2026). A condensed retelling attributed to Lizhi News; adds an estimated loss of about 150,000 yuan and states the spraying was whole-field by drone; these details are the relay's, not in s1. Same chain as s1.","independence_group":"lizhi-news-report"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.enongzi.com/news/details?id=137f6db5-95d9-452d-82fe-a0a4c1d028f0","kind":"trade_commentary","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (enongzi.com, dated 5 August 2026, byline 一条农资 agricultural-inputs trade commentary). Restates the case and asserts the platform admitted the plan was wrong; no sourcing given.","independence_group":"enongzi-trade-commentary"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.sina.cn/news/detail/5327877962993336.html","kind":"broadcaster_social_post","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19: a Sina relay of a 3 August 2026 Weibo post by 群众新闻 (Shaanxi Daily) carrying an Anhui Shixun (安徽视讯) item that names the app as Doubao and reports the broadcaster's call to the 12316 farm hotline. Case facts restate the Lizhi report; the app name is not in s1.","independence_group":"anhui-shixun-weibo-relay"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["work","agriculture"],"unknowns":["The AI app is not named in the originating report; a broadcaster's Weibo relay names Doubao without sourcing.","The loss estimate of about 150,000 yuan appears in relays and the observations lead but not in the text of the Lizhi report as republished; its origin was not confirmed.","No formal agronomic assessment of the cause is reported; the quoted lawyer said one would be needed to assign liability.","Whether the pesticide seller warned about fomesafen's registered crops, and whether any compensation or complaint followed, is not reported.","The Lizhi News site's own copy of the report was not located; the outlet's Tencent News account copy was read.","The spraying date is not stated separately; the 10 July date is the date of the chat, and the report says the seedlings failed the day after spraying."],"geography":{"basis":"The report locates the farmer and the field in Chuzhou, Anhui (安徽滁州的农户); no court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an ordinary-assistance case with a concrete property loss to one identified person after acting on an AI assistant's advice; the reporter inspected the chat log. Single reporting chain, so claims are recorded as reported. The farmer is identified only by surname and age; the app is unnamed.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Lizhi News reporter examined the farmer's chat log showing the app-generated plan with fomesafen; the app's support line acknowledged that its answers are assembled from public web content and logged the loss; the app's own follow-up reply attributed the crop deaths to fomesafen. Single reporting chain; no formal agronomic assessment is reported.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Chuzhou, Anhui: a 67-year-old farmer sprayed 150 mu of sesame by drone with an AI assistant's 'weeding and pest-control plan' that named a soybean-field herbicide; the seedlings died overnight","summary":"On 10 July 2026 a 67-year-old farmer in Chuzhou, Anhui, who said he had relied on an AI assistant app for more than a year for questions such as when to spray and fertilise, asked it for a weeding and pest-control plan for his sesame field and then for a drone-spraying version. The app produced a 'full plan for 100-mu sesame aerial weeding and pest control' recommending the herbicides haloxyfop-P-methyl (高效氟吡甲禾灵) and fomesafen (氟磺胺草醚) and two insecticides. He sprayed the whole 150-mu field; the next day grass and seedlings had died together. A nearby pesticide dealer and an agronomist told Lizhi News (Jiangsu Broadcasting) that fomesafen is a broadleaf herbicide for soybean fields that must not be sprayed on sesame, and that spraying it across a whole field kills the crop; asked afterwards, the app itself said fomesafen was the cause. The chat window carried a small header line saying AI output may be wrong and should be verified, which he said he had never noticed. The app's customer service said the software has no knowledge base of its own and assembles answers from public web content, and logged the loss for follow-up; no reply or compensation was reported by publication on 1 August 2026. Relays put the loss at about 150,000 yuan; that figure is not in the text of the originating report.","incidentDate":"2026-07-10","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-08-01","aiSystem":"Unnamed general-purpose AI assistant app used by the farmer for about a year for farm advice; the originating report does not identify it (one broadcaster's social-media relay names Doubao, unconfirmed)","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["property_loss","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"150 mu of sesame seedlings died the day after the farmer sprayed a herbicide mix generated by an AI assistant app; relays estimate the loss at about 150,000 yuan; no compensation is reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One farmer whose field was sprayed; exact count of one.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20260801A09OZB00","primarySourceLabel":"Lizhi News (荔枝新闻, Jiangsu Broadcasting), 1 August 2026, republished on Tencent News: 67岁农民大伯误信AI喷错除草剂，150亩芝麻苗一夜枯萎，谁之过？","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-20T03:12:44.572222+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:32.242839+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-assistant","agriculture","herbicide","crop-loss","china","anhui","wrong-advice","elderly-user","property-loss"]},{"id":"2026-china-wang-ai-faceswap-defamation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年4月至2025年1月间，王某甲利用AI软件的深度合成技术，将于某（系化名）等多人的人脸信息与色情图片进行拼接，伪造大量不雅图片'; '多次在境外网站以公开发帖的形式予以散布。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Between April 2024 and January 2025 Wang used the deep-synthesis technology of AI software to splice the facial information of Yu (pseudonym) and several other people onto pornographic images, forged a large number of indecent images, fabricated 'sexual' topics about them and spread them repeatedly in public posts on overseas websites.","causal_attribution":"The court's account of the facts as published by the Jiangsu High People's Court and relayed by The Paper."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2025年1月5日，王某甲又将两张AI换脸后面部为于某的裸照和于某有关证件图片发送给王某乙（另案处理），并捏造自己与于某存在性交易的不实信息。'; '后王某乙将上述图片转发至微信群，并在群里声称于某与他人存在性交易，引发群内外大量人员讨论，给于某的个人形象、工作、生活带来不利影响'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 5 January 2025 he sent two AI face-swapped nude images bearing Yu's face and images of Yu's identity documents to a second man with a fabricated claim that he had had a sex-for-money transaction with Yu; the second man forwarded them to Yu's work WeChat group and claimed there that Yu engaged in sex-for-money transactions with others, which the court found caused extensive discussion and adverse effects on Yu's image, work and life, seriously lowering Yu's social evaluation and violating Yu's dignity.","causal_attribution":"Court findings relayed by The Paper."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'张家港市人民法院于2025年12月1日作出一审判决，以诽谤罪判处被告人王某甲有期徒刑一年三个月。'; '宣判后，王某甲提出上诉。苏州市中级人民法院依法作出二审裁定，驳回上诉，维持原判。'; '1月27日，江苏省高级人民法院公布2025年度十大典型案例'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Zhangjiagang People's Court convicted him of defamation on 1 December 2025 and sentenced him to one year and three months' imprisonment, treating his voluntary surrender as mitigation; the Suzhou Intermediate People's Court rejected his appeal; on 27 January 2026 the Jiangsu High People's Court listed the case among its ten typical cases of 2025.","causal_attribution":"Court decisions as published by the High Court and relayed by The Paper; the written judgments were not inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"the face of a person (pseudonym Yu) AI-swapped onto pornographic images posted on overseas sites and forwarded to Yu's work WeChat group with a fabricated claim of sex-for-money transactions; the court found harm to Yu's image, work, life and dignity","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"http://thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32473843","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read live in Chinese on 2026-09-23 (The Paper, 邱海鸿, 27 January 2026 19:07); relays the Jiangsu High People's Court's 2025 top-ten typical cases publication. The court judgment itself was not inspected. Model reading; no human bilingual review.","independence_group":"jiangsu-high-court"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI software used and the overseas websites.","How many other people's faces were used besides Yu.","The outcome of the separate case against the man who forwarded the images.","Whether Yu obtained civil compensation.","The judgment texts were not inspected; Chinese read by the model without human bilingual review.","Yu's sex and age are not stated in the cited body (于某, 其); earlier uncited reporting described a woman; victim_age_range adult is inferred from the work WeChat group.","Where the events took place and where Yu and the defendant live; the body names only the courts.","The conduct period is stated as ending in January 2025; 5 January 2025 is the last dated act and is used as the end date."],"geography":{"basis":"The Paper's account of the court's findings states no event location or residence for Yu or the defendant; the posts were made on overseas websites and the forwarding was to a WeChat work group. Under the charter a country is not inferred from the court, so event and affected-person countries are left empty as a reviewed unknown. Court: Zhangjiagang Municipal People's Court and Suzhou Intermediate People's Court, Jiangsu, China.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a criminal conviction: AI face-swapped pornographic images of a person forwarded to their workplace, with court findings of harm to their image, work, life and dignity, as published by the Jiangsu High People's Court and relayed by The Paper (one chain; all claims reported). The original ID and first-publication timestamp are preserved; the sentence and dates correct the historical row; the victim's sex, previously asserted, is not in the cited body and is recorded as unknown. The victim is identified only by a court pseudonym.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court found that the defendant used the deep-synthesis technology of AI software to splice the victims' faces onto pornographic images (The Paper relaying the Jiangsu High People's Court). The software is not identified.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jiangsu, China (Zhangjiagang court): a man used AI face-swap deep-synthesis to splice the faces of a person referred to as Yu and several others onto pornographic images, fabricated 'sexual' stories about them and posted the material repeatedly on overseas websites between April 2024 and January 2025; after two face-swapped nude images of Yu and Yu's ID were forwarded to Yu's work WeChat group with a fabricated claim of sex-for-money transactions, he was convicted of criminal defamation and sentenced to one year and three months (1 December 2025), upheld on appeal and listed by the Jiangsu High People's Court among its 2025 typical cases","summary":"According to the Jiangsu High People's Court's 2025 top-ten typical cases, published on 27 January 2026 and reported by The Paper, a man surnamed Wang used the deep-synthesis technology of AI software between April 2024 and January 2025 to splice the facial information of a person (pseudonym Yu) and several other people onto pornographic images, fabricated a large number of indecent images and 'sexual' topics about them, and repeatedly spread them in public posts on overseas websites. On 5 January 2025 he sent two AI face-swapped nude images bearing Yu's face and images of Yu's identity documents to a second man (dealt with separately) and fabricated the claim that he had had a sex-for-money transaction with Yu; although the second man said he would forward the material to Yu's work WeChat group, Wang did not clarify that it was false or effectively stop him, only deleting the contact. The second man forwarded the images to the WeChat group and claimed there that Yu sold sex, prompting extensive discussion inside and outside the group and, the court found, adverse effects on Yu's personal image, work and life, a serious lowering of Yu's social evaluation and a violation of Yu's dignity. The Zhangjiagang People's Court held that using deep-synthesis technology that ordinary people cannot easily identify to generate indecent images and fabricate sexual topics, spread repeatedly through information networks, was defamation of serious circumstances that seriously harmed social order; taking into account his voluntary surrender, it sentenced him on 1 December 2025 to one year and three months' imprisonment for defamation. The Suzhou Intermediate People's Court rejected his appeal. The High Court described the case as a typical example of punishing online defamation committed with AI.","incidentDate":"2024-04-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-01-05","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-27","aiSystem":"AI deep-synthesis ('face-swap') software; not identified in the court's account","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The face of a person (pseudonym Yu) was AI-swapped onto pornographic images that were posted repeatedly on overseas websites and then forwarded to Yu's workplace WeChat group with a fabricated claim that she sold sex; the court found adverse effects on Yu's image, work and life, a serious lowering of Yu's social evaluation and a violation of Yu's personal dignity. The court's findings are relayed by The Paper; the judgment itself was not inspected.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One identified victim (Yu, pseudonym) whose images reached her work group; the court states that several other people's faces were also used (于某等多人) without a number. Partial: 1 counted plus unquantified others.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"http://thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32473843","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper (澎湃新闻), 27 January 2026: 利用AI换脸生成不雅照片诽谤他人，男子被判一年三个月","firstPublishedAt":"2026-06-15T06:50:02.798485+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:31.844756+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["criminal","deepfake","face-swap","defamation","china","jiangsu","non-consensual-images","conviction","workplace","depicted-or-impersonated"]}]}