{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T13:24:10.311Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"india","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2026","response":"regulatory","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":11,"coverage":{"cases":11,"countries":1,"languages":4,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":11,"minors":1,"coreRelations":9,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":1,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-bengaluru-dating-app-sextortion-ai-manipulated-obscene-video-man-pays-1-85-lakh","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The victim matched with a woman identified as'; 'on September 27 and later exchanged phone numbers with her.'; 'Soon after, he received a WhatsApp video call from her number that lasted just five to six seconds, he told police.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The man matched with a woman on a dating app on 27 September 2026, later exchanged numbers, and then received a WhatsApp video call from her number lasting five to six seconds.","causal_attribution":"The victim's account to police as reported by one outlet."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A few moments later, he received an obscene video manipulated using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The sender threatened to circulate it unless he paid money, police said.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to police, the man then received an obscene video manipulated using AI, and the sender threatened to circulate it unless he paid.","causal_attribution":"Police statement relayed by one outlet; the basis for the AI description is not disclosed."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Fearing exposure, the victim borrowed money from a friend and transferred Rs 1.85 lakh to multiple UPI IDs between September 27 and 29, as the threats continued, a police officer said.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Fearing exposure, he borrowed money from a friend and transferred Rs 1.85 lakh to multiple UPI IDs between 27 and 29 September as the threats continued.","causal_attribution":"A police officer's statement relayed by one outlet."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The victim later filed an online cybercrime complaint. Police registered an FIR under Sections 66C (identity theft) and 66D (cheating by personation using computer resources) of the Information Technology Act, and Sections 318 (cheating) and 319 (cheating by personation) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS).'; 'Police are investigating and trying to trace the suspects and recover the money.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After his online cybercrime complaint, police registered a first information report under IT Act sections 66C and 66D and BNS sections 318 and 319 and are trying to trace the suspects and recover the money.","causal_attribution":"Police action as reported by one outlet."}],"effects":[{"label":"threatened with an AI-manipulated obscene video of himself","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"paid Rs 1.85 lakh, partly borrowed, to stop circulation","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/online-date-threatens-bengaluru-man-with-ai-morphed-video-extorts-rs-185-lakh-4179093","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12 (HTTP 200, AMP and canonical pages). Deccan Herald staff report (DHNS) based on police statements, published 12 October 2026 03:08 IST.","independence_group":"deccan-herald"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","finance","privacy"],"unknowns":["How police established that the video was AI-manipulated, and whether they examined it; the tool is not named","The real identity of the dating-app contact and of whoever sent the video and the threats","Whether the video was circulated to anyone","Whether any money has been recovered or anyone arrested"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the victim is described as a man in Bengaluru, and Bengaluru police registered the case; where the senders were is unknown. Affected person: the body places him in Bengaluru. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported single-source case: Deccan Herald attributes to Bengaluru police the account that a man received an obscene AI-manipulated video of himself after a short WhatsApp video call with a dating-app contact, was threatened with its circulation, and paid Rs 1.85 lakh between 27 and 29 September 2026; police registered a first information report. The AI description is the investigating police's as relayed, with its technical basis undisclosed. Identity is minimised to the city; the neighbourhood and the contact's app name are omitted.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Deccan Herald attributes to Bengaluru police the statement that, after a five-to-six-second WhatsApp video call, the man received an obscene video manipulated using artificial intelligence and was told it would be circulated unless he paid. The AI-manipulated video depicts him (depicted_or_impersonated) and was the instrument of the threat that led to his payments. Police are the investigating party, but the report does not disclose the technical basis for their description, whether they examined the video, or the tool.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Bengaluru: police say a man paid Rs 1.85 lakh after a dating-app contact threatened to circulate an AI-manipulated obscene video of him","summary":"Deccan Herald reports, citing Bengaluru police, that a 23-year-old man lost Rs 1.85 lakh in an alleged sextortion scam. He matched with a woman on a dating app on 27 September 2026 and exchanged numbers; he told police that he then received a WhatsApp video call from her number lasting five to six seconds. Police said he then received an obscene video manipulated using AI and the sender threatened to circulate it unless he paid. Fearing exposure, he borrowed money from a friend and transferred Rs 1.85 lakh to several UPI IDs between 27 and 29 September as the threats continued, a police officer said. Police registered a first information report on his online cybercrime complaint and are trying to trace the suspects. The report does not say how police established that the video was AI-manipulated, and the tool is not named.","incidentDate":"2026-09-27","incidentEndDate":"2026-09-29","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-10-12","aiSystem":"AI used to manipulate an obscene video of the victim, as police describe it to Deccan Herald (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","financial_loss","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to police as reported by Deccan Herald, the man was threatened with an AI-manipulated obscene video of himself and, fearing exposure, borrowed money and transferred Rs 1.85 lakh to the senders between 27 and 29 September 2026.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the man depicted in the video and threatened with it, who paid. The friend who lent him money is not counted. He did not use the AI.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/online-date-threatens-bengaluru-man-with-ai-morphed-video-extorts-rs-185-lakh-4179093","primarySourceLabel":"Deccan Herald, 12 October 2026: online date threatens Bengaluru man with AI-morphed video, extorts Rs 1.85 lakh","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-12T03:13:40.31449+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:13:40.31449+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["sextortion","dating-app","whatsapp","ai-manipulated-video","financial-loss","india","karnataka","bengaluru","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-indore-parents-paid-rs-1-02-lakh-after-video-call-showing-missing-son-threatened-police-suspect-deepfake","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'they received a video call from unknown persons claiming he was in their custody'; 'The accused sent a QR code and asked for payment. Due to fear, the family transferred Rs1.02 lakh'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'On February 3, the parents received a video call from an unknown number. Their son appeared on screen, seemingly being stabbed by the caller, who threatened to kill him unless Rs 1,02,000 was transferred.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"While searching for their missing 16-year-old son, the parents received a video call from unknown persons that showed a boy appearing to be threatened, with a demand for about Rs 1 lakh via a QR code, and they transferred Rs 1.02 lakh.","causal_attribution":"The account of the call and the payment has one underlying origin, the family: the mother quoted by Bhaskar, the Additional DCP relaying the family's complaint, and an unattributed News18 narrative. News18 reports a police-traced payment trail, which does not establish what the video showed."},{"id":"c2","status":"disputed","evidence":[{"locator":"'On February 4, the boy was traced safely in Dewas after he contacted a friend.'; 'The minor has stated that he had no knowledge of any such video call.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The case took a dramatic turn the next day when the boy returned home on his own. He allegedly told his family that he had gone to a local temple for darshan and was never abducted.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The next day, their son returned home safely, explaining that he had visited a temple without informing his parents.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The boy was found safe within two days; Bhaskar reports he was traced in Dewas on 4 February and said he had no knowledge of any video call, while The Indian Express and News18 say he returned home the next day after visiting a temple.","causal_attribution":"The reports agree he was safe and not abducted but disagree on where he was found."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Police have strong reasons to believe that deepfake technology was used to create the extortion video.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Additional DCP Rajesh Dandotiya stated that early findings indicate the misuse of artificial intelligence.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Dandotia said the possibility of AI-generated or manipulated video is also being examined.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Indore police say they have strong reasons to believe deepfake technology was used to make the video and that early findings indicate the misuse of AI; Bhaskar quotes the same officer saying the possibility of an AI-generated or manipulated video is being examined.","causal_attribution":"One officer's statements relayed by three outlets; the characterisation ranges from a possibility under examination to strong reasons to believe, and no forensic finding is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"parents paid Rs 1.02 lakh in fear after a video call appeared to show their missing son threatened, a video police suspect was a deepfake","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indore-family-duped-deepfake-kidnapping-video-call-scam-10553350/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. The Indian Express, 26 February 2026; live page 403, read from an Internet Archive capture (HTTP 200). Quotes the Additional DCP.","independence_group":"indian-express-mp-bureau"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/mp/news/indore-kidnap-scam-teen-resurfaces-rs-102-lakh-paid-137295244.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. Bhaskar English, 25 February 2026, HTTP 200. Quotes the mother and the Additional DCP.","independence_group":"bhaskar-indore"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.news18.com/cities/indore/indore-couple-receive-video-call-showing-son-soaked-in-blood-lose-rs-1-lakh-in-deepfake-scam-ws-el-9940171.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. News18, 3 March 2026; live page 403, read from an Internet Archive capture (HTTP 200). Quotes the Additional DCP and gives the call date and interstate trail.","independence_group":"news18-indore"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether the video was AI-generated or another kind of manipulated or staged footage; no forensic finding is reported.","Who made the call and the video, and whether anyone has been arrested.","Where the boy was found: Dewas after contacting a friend (Bhaskar) or at home after visiting a temple (Indian Express, News18)."],"geography":{"basis":"The family lives in Indore, where the complaint was filed and the call received; News18 reports the SIM, bank account and withdrawal were in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. All in India. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core depiction case on three reports quoting the family and Indore police: parents of a missing 16-year-old paid Rs 1.02 lakh after a video call appeared to show him threatened, he was found safe and unaware of any call, and the Additional DCP says police have strong reasons to believe deepfake technology was used. The AI involvement is suspected because no forensic finding is reported; the family is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-11"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Additional DCP (Crime) Rajesh Dandotia said the family was convinced because they saw what looked like their own child, that police have strong reasons to believe deepfake technology was used to create the extortion video (Indian Express) and that early findings indicate the misuse of artificial intelligence (News18, which adds that the scammers likely altered a face and expressions); Bhaskar quotes him saying the possibility of an AI-generated or manipulated video is being examined. The suspected AI output is a video depicting the missing boy under threat, shown to his parents (depicted_or_impersonated), and the reports connect that video to their payment. The boy said he knew nothing of the call. No forensic finding is reported, so the status is suspected.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Indore parents paid Rs 1.02 lakh after a video call appeared to show their missing son threatened; police suspect a deepfake video, and he returned safe","summary":"In February 2026 a 16-year-old boy in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, did not return home from a coaching class, and his family filed a missing-person complaint. While they searched, they received a video call from unknown people who claimed to be holding him; the call showed a boy appearing to be threatened with a knife and the callers demanded about Rs 1 lakh through a QR code. In fear, the parents transferred Rs 1.02 lakh. The boy was found safe within two days and said he knew nothing of any video call. Additional DCP (Crime) Rajesh Dandotia told reporters that the family was convinced because they saw what looked like their own child, that police have strong reasons to believe deepfake technology was used, and that the crime branch is investigating; The Indian Express reports that police believe it is the city's first known case of deepfake technology used for extortion. Accounts differ on where the boy had been. The AI involvement is recorded as suspected because no forensic finding is reported.","incidentDate":"2026-02-02","incidentEndDate":"2026-02-04","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-02-25","aiSystem":"A video shown in a live video call that appeared to show the family's missing son under threat; Indore police say early findings indicate the misuse of AI, and News18 adds that deepfake technology was likely used to alter a face and expressions. No tool is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool (suspected)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to police and the family as reported by three outlets, the parents of a missing 16-year-old paid Rs 1.02 lakh after a video call that appeared to show him threatened with a knife; the mother described the family as terrified. Police suspect the video was a deepfake.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people: the boy's parents, described as \"a couple\" and \"the parents\" who sent the money (News18). They did not use the tool, so they are counted as other people harmed. The depicted boy is not reported harmed and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indore-family-duped-deepfake-kidnapping-video-call-scam-10553350/","primarySourceLabel":"The Indian Express, 26 February 2026: Indore family duped of Rs 1 lakh in deepfake kidnapping video call scam","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-11T03:16:20.72728+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-11T03:16:20.72728+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","fake-kidnapping","video-call","extortion","financial-loss","parents","minor-depicted","police","india","indore","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-delhi-police-dcp-ai-altered-video-falsely-showing-resignation-over-student-protests-fir","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'A 44 second long video is doing the rounds on social media, where Delhi Police deputy commissioner Sumit Jha is seen declaring that he is resigning from his position in solidarity with the protesting students.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A digitally altered video is circulating on social media with the false claim that it shows Delhi Deputy Commissioner of Police Sumit Jha resigning from the Indian Police force, alleging he was pressured to lie about student protesters'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A video circulating on social media in late July 2026 showed Delhi Police DCP Sumit Jha appearing to announce his immediate resignation because the government had pressured him to implicate protesting students on false charges.","causal_attribution":"Two fact-checkers viewed the video independently."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'This suggests that the viral clip was created using this original video, with the audio later manipulated.'; 'The result indicated a 67% possibility of the video being AI generated.'; 'The viral video claiming Delhi Police DCP Sumit Jha resigned over student protests is completely fake and AI generated.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A reverse image search traced it back to the original video posted by the official Delhi Police X handle, on July 23.'; 'The clip shows a mismatch between the audio and Jha's lip movements, and running it through an AI detection tool confirmed it as synthetic.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The video was later confirmed to be deepfake, with the Press Information Bureau (PIB) issuing a statement that it was AI-generated.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The video was made with AI from genuine Delhi Police footage of 23 July; Delhi Police called it completely fake and AI generated, and two fact-checkers found an audio-to-lip mismatch or manipulated audio and reported AI-detection results flagging it.","causal_attribution":"Independent analyses by Alt News and BOOM plus official statements by Delhi Police and the PIB; detection-tool scores are probabilistic."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'We have registered a case against unknown persons under sections 353 of statements amounting to public mischief of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, and 66 D for cheating by impersonation of the Information Technology Act,'; 'On July 31,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Police have registered an FIR against unknown persons under Section 353 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (statements causing public mischief) and Section 66D of the Information Technology Act'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Maharashtra Cyber Police registered a case against unknown persons under BNS section 353 and IT Act section 66D after a complainant saw the video in a Congress leader's post on 31 July.","causal_attribution":"One police account relayed by two outlets; the FIR itself was not inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"a named police officer falsely depicted announcing his resignation and accusing the government, in a video that Delhi Police and fact-checkers say was AI-generated","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.altnews.in/delhi-dcp-resigned-to-support-students-protest-no-viral-video-is-a-deepfake/","kind":"fact_check","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. Alt News fact check, HTTP 200; its own keyframe and detection-tool analysis, plus a quoted Delhi Police X post of 26 July.","independence_group":"altnews-fact-check"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/video-of-delhi-dcp-quitting-over-framing-cjp-protesters-is-a-deepfake-31946","kind":"fact_check","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. BOOM fact check of 27 July 2026, HTTP 200; its own lip-sync and detection-tool analysis.","independence_group":"boom-fact-check"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/fir-filed-over-ai-doctored-video-of-delhi-cop-101785613160911.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. Hindustan Times Mumbai, 2 August 2026, HTTP 200; quotes a Maharashtra Cyber Police officer and the FIR, and reports the PIB statement.","independence_group":"ht-mumbai-fir-report"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://thefederal.com/category/states/west/maharashtra/delhi-dcp-resignation-video-deepfake-police-fir-registered-maharashtra-252310","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; no translation needed. The Federal, 2 August 2026, HTTP 200; FIR details overlap the Hindustan Times account and part is credited to ANI, so it is not used as independent support for the FIR.","independence_group":"federal-fir-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["public_services","justice"],"unknowns":["Who made the video and with which tool.","Whether the depicted officer made any statement about the video or its effect on him.","Whether anyone has been identified or charged under the FIR."],"geography":{"basis":"The depicted officer serves with Delhi Police, the source footage was posted by Delhi Police, and the FIR was registered by Maharashtra Cyber Police; all in India. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core depiction case: Delhi Police, the Press Information Bureau and two independent fact-checkers say a viral video falsely showing a named Delhi Police DCP resigning and accusing the government was AI-generated, and Maharashtra Cyber Police registered an FIR. The officer is named as a senior public official depicted in his official role; the complainant, the uploader and the sharing politician are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-11"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Delhi Police called the video \"completely fake and AI generated\" in a fact check quoted by Alt News and The Federal; Alt News traced it to genuine Delhi Police footage of 23 July and concluded the audio was manipulated, with a detection tool estimating a 67% AI likelihood; BOOM found an audio-to-lip mismatch and reported that AI-detection tools flagged it as synthetic; the Hindustan Times reports a Press Information Bureau statement that it was AI-generated. The AI output is a manipulated video in which a voice resembling the officer's speaks a fabricated resignation statement over his genuine footage (depicted_or_impersonated), which is the false depiction that circulated and led to the FIR.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Delhi Police and fact-checkers say a viral video of a Delhi Police DCP resigning over student protests was AI-generated; FIR filed in Maharashtra","summary":"In late July 2026 a 44-to-47-second video circulated on social media in which Delhi Police Deputy Commissioner Sumit Jha appeared to announce that he was resigning \"immediately\" because the government had pressured him to implicate students protesting with the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) on false charges. The fact-checkers Alt News and BOOM traced the frames to a genuine Delhi Police video of 23 July in which the officer warned about Pakistan-based social media handles spreading misinformation. BOOM found a mismatch between the audio and his lip movements and said Deepfake O Meter tools flagged the clip as AI-generated. Alt News reported a 67% likelihood of AI generation from Detectvideo.AI. Delhi Police posted a fact check calling the video \"completely fake and AI generated\", and the Hindustan Times reports that the Press Information Bureau also said it was AI-generated. After a member of the BJP social media team saw the video in a post by a Congress leader on 31 July, Maharashtra Cyber Police registered an FIR against unknown persons for public mischief and cheating by personation. The officer is named because he is a senior public official depicted in his official role and the fact checks name him; no statement from him is reported.","incidentDate":"2026-07-23","incidentEndDate":"2026-07-31","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-07-27","aiSystem":"An AI-altered video built from Delhi Police footage of 23 July 2026, with manipulated audio in a voice resembling the officer's, which The Federal calls \"the AI-generated voice\"; Delhi Police called it \"completely fake and AI generated\", the Press Information Bureau said it was AI-generated, and BOOM and Alt News ran it through AI-detection tools. No tool is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Delhi Police, the Press Information Bureau and two fact-checkers, an AI-altered video falsely showed a named Delhi Police DCP resigning and accusing the government of pressuring him to frame protesting students; it was shared widely and Maharashtra Cyber Police registered an FIR for public mischief and cheating by personation.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the depicted officer. He did not use the tool, so he is counted as another person harmed. Viewers, likes and the complainant are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.altnews.in/delhi-dcp-resigned-to-support-students-protest-no-viral-video-is-a-deepfake/","primarySourceLabel":"Alt News fact check, 29 July 2026: Delhi DCP resignation video is a deepfake","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-11T03:16:16.977265+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-11T03:16:16.977265+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-generated-video","police","protest","delhi","india","reputational-harm","depicted-or-impersonated","fact-check"]},{"id":"2026-rukmini-vasanth-ai-morphed-photos-videos-bengaluru-three-arrests","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ಭಾವಚಿತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಎಐ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ ಬಳಸಿ ಮಾರ್ಫ್​ ಮಾಡುವ ಮೂಲಕ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಗೌಪ್ಯತೆಗೆ ಧಕ್ಕೆ ತಂದ ಆರೋಪದ ಮೇಲೆ ಮೂವರು ಆರೋಪಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪೊಲೀಸರು ಬಂಧಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'ಮುಖವನ್ನು ಎಐ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದ ಮೂಲಕ ಅಶ್ಲೀಲವಾಗಿ ಮಾರ್ಪಡಿಸಿ, ವಿಡಿಯೋ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಹರಿಬಿಡಲಾಗಿತ್ತು'; 'ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಸೈಬರ್ ಪೊಲೀಸರ ತಂಡವು ಮೂವರನ್ನು ವಶಕ್ಕೆ ಪಡೆದಿದೆ'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Police arrested three people accused of using AI technology to morph the actor's photographs; Oneindia Kannada reports that her face was obscenely altered with AI technology in a video released on the internet.","causal_attribution":"Police account relayed by two outlets (one chain); no tool or forensic report is described."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಜಾಲತಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಹರಿಬಿಟ್ಟು ಗೌರವ ಹಾಗೂ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಗೌಪ್ಯತೆಗೆ ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಉಂಟು ಮಾಡಿ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ನೀಡಲಾಗಿತ್ತು'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"ETV Bharat Kannada reports, in its account of the arrests, that the material was circulated on social media, harmed her dignity and personal privacy and caused her mental harassment.","causal_attribution":"ETV Bharat Kannada's own narration in its arrest report; the sentence is not attributed."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ಕಳೆದ ತಿಂಗಳು(ಮೇ) ವಿವಿಧ ಸೋಷಿಯಲ್​ ಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಪ್ಲ್ಯಾಟ್​​ಫಾರ್ಮ್​​ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಕೆಲ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಫೋಟೋ, ವಿಡಿಯೋಗಳು ವೈರಲ್​ ಆಗಿದ್ದವು'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"ETV Bharat Kannada reports that the photos and videos went viral on social media platforms and in some media in May.","causal_attribution":"The outlet's dating of the circulation; no day is given."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ಈ ಫೋಟೋಗಳು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ನಕಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕಟ್ಟುಕಥೆ ಎಂದು ನಾನು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆ'; 'ಗೌಪ್ಯತೆಯ ಗಂಭೀರ ಉಲ್ಲಂಘನೆಯಾಗಿದೆ'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In a statement on her social media accounts the actor said the photos were completely fake and that making and spreading manipulated content was a serious violation of privacy.","causal_attribution":"Her own statement as quoted by ETV Bharat Kannada; the original post was not read."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ನಟಿ ನೀಡಿದ ದೂರಿನ ಮೇರೆಗೆ ತನಿಖೆ ಕೈಗೊಂಡು'; 'ಇದೀಗ ಮೂವರನ್ನು ಬಂಧಿಸಿ ಅವರಿಂದ ಕೃತ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಬಳಸಿದ 3 ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ಫೋನ್​ಗಳನ್ನು ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲಾಗಿದೆ'; 'ಆರೋಪಿಗಳನ್ನು ನ್ಯಾಯಾಂಗ ಬಂಧನಕ್ಕೆ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಪೊಲೀಸರು ತಿಳಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On her complaint police investigated, arrested three people and seized three mobile phones, and police said the accused were remanded to judicial custody.","causal_attribution":"Police steps as reported; no charge sheet or trial is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-made photos and videos depicting the actor were circulated on social media","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the material harmed her dignity and privacy and caused her mental harassment, according to ETV Bharat Kannada","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/state/three-arrested-for-creating-circulating-obscene-ai-made-visuals-of-actress-rukmini-vasanth-kas26062000441","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"kn","translation_note":"Read in Kannada by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-05 (ETV Bharat Kannada, published 20 June 2026); no human translator reviewed it. Relays the Bengaluru police account of the arrests and quotes the actor's earlier social media statement; same chain as the other source. Kannada 'ನಟಿ' (actress) is the basis for 'her'. The report names the three accused, who are not named here.","independence_group":"bengaluru-police-actor-ai-visuals-arrests-2026-06"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://kannada.oneindia.com/entertainment/sandalwood-actress-rukmini-vasanth-deepfake-case-cyber-police-nab-3-accused-for-fake-ai-video-458175.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"kn","translation_note":"Read in Kannada by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-05 (Oneindia Kannada, published 19 June 2026); no human translator reviewed it. Relays the police account of the arrests; same chain as the other source. It names the three accused with ages, which are not reproduced. Kannada 'ನಟಿ' (actress) is the basis for 'her'.","independence_group":"bengaluru-police-actor-ai-visuals-arrests-2026-06"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how many photos and videos were made.","What the accused say and what each is alleged to have done.","Whether the material has been removed.","Whether a charge sheet has been filed.","When the material first circulated: ETV Bharat Kannada dates it to May 2026, while Oneindia Kannada, on 19 June 2026, says the altered video was released a few days earlier."],"geography":{"basis":"Bengaluru police investigated and arrested three people, and the accused were remanded to judicial custody (ETV Bharat Kannada; Oneindia Kannada). The reports do not state where the actor lives. No court is named.","court_countries":["IN"],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter: a named actor publicly said AI-generated photos of her were fake, filed a complaint, and police arrested three people over AI-morphed photos and videos. The account is the police statement as relayed by ETV Bharat Kannada and Oneindia Kannada (one chain) with her own quoted statement; all claims are reported. The accused are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-05"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Police say the accused used AI technology to morph the actor's photographs and to make photos and videos depicting her (ETV Bharat Kannada; Oneindia Kannada), and she said in her own statement that the photos were AI-generated and fake (quoted by ETV Bharat Kannada). The material depicts her (depicted_or_impersonated). No tool is named and no forensic report is described.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Bengaluru: actor Rukmini Vasanth says AI-generated photos passed off as hers are fake and files a complaint after AI-morphed photos and videos of her went viral in May 2026; police arrest three people, reported on 19 and 20 June 2026","summary":"According to ETV Bharat Kannada (20 June 2026) and Oneindia Kannada (19 June 2026), Bengaluru police arrested three people accused of using AI technology to morph photographs of the actor Rukmini Vasanth and of circulating AI-made photos and videos depicting her on social media. ETV Bharat reports that the material went viral on social media platforms and in some media in May, that it harmed her dignity and privacy and caused her mental harassment, and that she filed a complaint. In a statement on her social media accounts, quoted by ETV Bharat, she said the AI-generated photos circulating as hers were completely fake and that making and spreading manipulated content was a serious violation of privacy. Police seized three mobile phones and the accused were remanded to judicial custody. Oneindia reports that her face had been obscenely altered with AI technology in a video released on the internet. The reports do not name the tool used.","incidentDate":"2026-05-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-06-19","aiSystem":"Unidentified AI technology reported to have been used to morph the actor's photographs and to make photos and videos depicting her (police account via ETV Bharat Kannada and Oneindia Kannada)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"AI-made photos and videos depicting the actor were circulated on social media, harming her dignity and privacy and causing her mental harassment, according to ETV Bharat Kannada's report of the arrests; she publicly called the images fake and a serious violation of privacy.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the actor, is reported as depicted in the AI-made photos and videos (ETV Bharat Kannada; Oneindia Kannada).","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/state/three-arrested-for-creating-circulating-obscene-ai-made-visuals-of-actress-rukmini-vasanth-kas26062000441","primarySourceLabel":"ETV Bharat Kannada, 20 June 2026: Three arrested for making and circulating obscene AI-made visuals of actor Rukmini Vasanth","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-05T03:24:26.319735+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T03:24:26.319735+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-morphed-images","celebrity","arrests","india","karnataka","bengaluru","cyber-police","depicted-or-impersonated","kannada-language"]},{"id":"2026-bhopal-suspected-ai-cloned-friend-voice-call-security-guard-rs35000-loss","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In a suspected case of AI-enabled cyber fraud, a 50-year-old security guard from the TT Nagar area was cheated of nearly Rs 35,000 after a cybercriminal impersonated his friend by mimicking his voice'; 'impersonated his friend using a suspected AI-cloned voice'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A 50-year-old security guard from the TT Nagar area of Bhopal was cheated of nearly Rs 35,000 after a caller impersonated a friend by mimicking the friend's voice, which the outlet describes as a suspected case of AI-enabled cyber fraud.","causal_attribution":"One outlet, citing unnamed reports; the AI cloning is described as suspected and its basis is not given."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'received a call from an unidentified person on Sep 30'; 'The caller spoke in a voice that sounded like that of his friend and claimed to urgently need Rs 15,000'; 'He also sent a QR code for the money transfer'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 30 September the guard received a call from an unidentified person who spoke in a voice that sounded like the friend, claimed to need Rs 15,000 urgently and sent a QR code.","causal_attribution":"One outlet, citing unnamed reports."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'transferred Rs 5,000 to the account linked to the QR code'; 'he transferred another Rs 10,000 after receiving a further request'; 'asked for Rs 20,000 more, which the victim transferred to the same QR code'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The guard transferred Rs 5,000, another Rs 10,000 the following day after a further request, and Rs 20,000 more after the caller made contact again, all to the same QR code.","causal_attribution":"One outlet, citing unnamed reports."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'contacted his friend on his actual mobile number the next day to ask when the money would be returned'; 'he was shocked to learn that his friend had neither called him nor asked for any money'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The guard learned of the fraud on reaching the friend on the friend's actual mobile number; the friend had neither called nor asked for money.","causal_attribution":"One outlet, citing unnamed reports."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'TT Nagar police have registered a case and launched an investigation'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"TT Nagar police registered a case and opened an investigation.","causal_attribution":"Reported by one outlet; no police document was inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"lost about Rs 35,000 after calls in a voice that sounded like a friend, suspected to be AI-cloned","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-cyber-fraud-ai-voice-cloning-scam-dupes-security-guard-of-35000","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-05 (HTTP 200); no translation was involved and no human reviewer read the article. Staff Reporter byline; attributes the facts to unnamed reports.","independence_group":"fpj-bhopal-voice"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether the voice was AI-generated; the report calls it suspected and cites no police or forensic finding.","Who made the calls and whether anyone has been identified or any money recovered.","The dates of the third transfer and of the call to the friend; the report gives only Sep 30 for the first call and relative days after it.","Which tool, if any, was used."],"geography":{"basis":"The report describes a security guard from the TT Nagar area of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, and a case registered by TT Nagar police. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case with AI involvement recorded as suspected: a caller in a voice that sounded like a friend obtained about Rs 35,000 from a Bhopal security guard, and police registered a case, according to one outlet. The guard is named in the source and not named here.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-05"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Free Press Journal describes a suspected case of AI-enabled cyber fraud and a suspected AI-cloned voice; the caller spoke in a voice that sounded like the friend. If the voice was AI-made, it was the channel through which the guard was spoken to (communicated_with) and it impersonated the friend (depicted_or_impersonated). No police statement, recording or forensic finding on the voice is reported.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Bhopal: a security guard lost about Rs 35,000 to a caller whose voice sounded like a friend, reported as a suspected AI voice-cloning fraud","summary":"Free Press Journal reported on 4 October 2026 that a 50-year-old security guard from the TT Nagar area of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, was cheated of nearly Rs 35,000 after a caller impersonated a friend by mimicking the friend's voice. According to the report, the call came on 30 September from an unidentified person who claimed to need money urgently and sent a QR code. The guard made three transfers (Rs 5,000, Rs 10,000 and Rs 20,000), then reached the friend on the friend's own number and learned that the friend had not called. The outlet calls it a suspected case of AI-enabled fraud with a suspected AI-cloned voice. TT Nagar police registered a case and opened an investigation. No source confirms that the voice was AI-generated.","incidentDate":"2026-09-30","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-10-04","aiSystem":"A suspected AI-cloned voice imitating the victim's friend on a phone call, as described by Free Press Journal (tool not identified; AI use not confirmed)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool (suspected)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Bhopal security guard lost about Rs 35,000 in three transfers to a caller whose voice sounded like a friend, in what Free Press Journal reports as a suspected AI voice-cloning fraud.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the security guard who transferred about Rs 35,000 (Free Press Journal). The friend whose voice was imitated is not reported to have been harmed and is not counted. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-cyber-fraud-ai-voice-cloning-scam-dupes-security-guard-of-35000","primarySourceLabel":"Free Press Journal, 4 October 2026: Bhopal Cyber Fraud: AI Voice Cloning Scam Dupes Security Guard Of Rs 35,000","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-05T03:16:27.48142+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T03:16:27.48142+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","impersonation-scam","fraud","bhopal","madhya-pradesh","india","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-ujjain-shahi-masjid-ai-demolition-videos-crowd-clash-detentions","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Police and security personnel deployed around the mosque faced stone-pelting, following which tear gas shells and a lathi charge were used to disperse the crowd'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'police used tear gas and mild force to disperse protesters who allegedly hurled stones'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"On 28 September 2026, as a portion of the Shahi Masjid in Ujjain was being removed for a road-widening project, a crowd clashed with police; stones were allegedly thrown at security personnel, and police used tear gas and a lathi charge to disperse the crowd.","causal_attribution":"Police accounts of the clash as reported by the outlets."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'पुलिस का कहना है कि इन फर्जी वीडियो में मस्जिद को पूरी तरह गिराते हुए दिखाया गया'; 'उज्जैन एसपी प्रदीप शर्मा के मुताबिक, सोशल मीडिया पर AI से बनाए गए वीडियो और भड़काऊ पोस्ट ने बड़ी भीड़ जुटाने में भूमिका निभाई'; 'इन वीडियो और दूसरे भड़काऊ पोस्ट के फैलने के बाद बड़ी भीड़ मस्जिद के बाहर जुटी और बाद में पुलिस के साथ झड़प हो गई'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'खुलासा किया है कि मस्जिद के पास बुलडोजर होने वाले फोटो-वीडियो एआई से बनाए गए थे'; 'ऐसे कई फोटो-वीडियो मिले हैं, जिनमें जेसीबी को एड किया गया है'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'AI-generated videos showing the entire Shahi Masjid in Ujjain being demolished helped fuel rumours and mobilise a crowd before clashes broke out at the site on September 28'; 'One of the clips reportedly showed a JCB demolishing the entire mosque'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Ujjain police said that videos made with AI, showing the whole mosque being demolished, and other provocative posts circulated on social media and helped draw the large crowd that later clashed with police; only part of the mosque was being removed.","causal_attribution":"Police attribution, carried by several outlets that all rely on the police account. The videos were not inspected for this review and no outlet reports how the AI attribution was made; the police also blame other posts and a faction of the mosque committee for mobilising the crowd."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'So far, 15 people have been taken into custody and an FIR has been registered against seven people. Social media content creators are also among them'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'The police arrested 15 persons and filed eight FIRs across three police stations'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'पुलिस ने अब तक 15 लोगों को हिरासत में लिया है, जबकि कुछ लोगों की गिरफ्तारी भी हुई है'; 'पुलिस ने तीन थानों में 8 FIR दर्ज की हैं, जिनमें 20 लोगों को आरोपी बनाया गया है'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'पुलिस ने आठ केस दर्ज किए हैं'; '15 आरोपितों को पुलिस ने हिरासत में लिया है'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Some people have been arrested and 15 others detained, while a case has been registered against seven people'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Police said 15 people had been taken into custody after the clash and that social media content creators were among those named in an FIR; reports put the total at eight FIRs at three police stations. Aaj Tak and The New Indian Express report that some further people were arrested in addition to the 15, without giving a number.","causal_attribution":"Police figures; the counts of accused differ between outlets (20 in Aaj Tak, more than 30 in Jagran)."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'इस तरह की अफवाहें फैलाने वाले 5 इन्फ्लुएंसरों के खिलाफ FIR भी दर्ज की है'; 'कुल 100 से ज्यादा कंटेंट को डाउन कराया है'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'एआई की मदद से मनगढ़ंत वीडियो और आपत्तिजनक कंटेंट तैयार कर प्रसारित करने पर भी चार युवकों पर अलग से केस दर्ज किया है'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Five social media influencers, all residents of Ujjain, have been booked by the police'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Police registered a case against social media influencers accused of making or circulating the fabricated videos (five influencers according to Live Hindustan and The Indian Express, Jagran counts four youths, in a case registered separately from the eight cases over the clash, and the accounts it names overlap with Live Hindustan's five), and said more than 100 pieces of content had been taken down.","causal_attribution":"Police allegations against the accused; no court has ruled."},{"id":"c5","status":"disputed","evidence":[{"locator":"'Six policemen were injured and given primary treatment'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'sustained an injury to her hand while attempting to stop a group of women'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'The SP said no one was injured in the incident'","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Reports conflict on whether police officers were injured in the clash: the Free Press Journal reported police saying six policemen were injured and given primary treatment, and The New Indian Express reported an inspector injured in the hand, but also reported the SP saying no one was injured.","causal_attribution":"Conflicting reports; injuries arose from the clash, and the reported link to the videos is the police attribution in c2."}],"effects":[{"label":"a crowd that police say was drawn partly by AI-made videos of the mosque being demolished clashed with police and was dispersed with tear gas and a lathi charge","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"15 people taken into custody and FIRs registered after the clash","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"police officers reported injured, though the SP was also reported saying no one was hurt","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.aajtak.in/madhya-pradesh/story/ujjain-shahi-masjid-ai-video-clashes-police-road-widening-project-ntc-mnrd-smsr-2656003-2026-09-29","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"hi","translation_note":"Read in Hindi on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Researcher translation. Reports remarks by Ujjain SP Pradeep Sharma; the remarks themselves were not heard.","independence_group":"aaj-tak-ujjain-police"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.livehindustan.com/madhya-pradesh/ujjain-shahi-masjid-ai-jcb-fake-video-5-influencers-fir-201790680304218.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"hi","translation_note":"Read in Hindi on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Researcher translation. Quotes SP Pradeep Sharma speaking to the media.","independence_group":"live-hindustan-ujjain-police"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/indore-ujjain-shahi-masjid-row-fir-against-ai-misinformation-spreaders-40388941.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"hi","translation_note":"Read in Hindi on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Researcher translation. Attributes the FIR details to police.","independence_group":"jagran-ujjain-police"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ujjain-violence-shahi-masjid-madhya-pradesh-police-local-influencers-rumour-10898869/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-04 from an Internet Archive capture (direct fetch HTTP 403). Article dated 29 September 2026; relays police statements and the FIR.","independence_group":"indian-express"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ujjain-shahi-masjid-part-removed-police-social-media-crackdown-10897636/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-04 from an Internet Archive capture (direct fetch HTTP 403). Article dated 28 September 2026; quotes SP Pradeep Sharma.","independence_group":"indian-express"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/ujjain-shahi-masjid-clash-ai-video-showing-entire-mosque-demolition-fuelled-rumours-police-say","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Explicitly relays The Indian Express, so it shares that independence group.","independence_group":"indian-express"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/madhya-pradesh/2026/Sep/28/ujjain-on-edge-after-stone-pelting-on-cops-over-mosque-removal-drive-15-detained-7-booked","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Bhopal-datelined report of 28 September 2026.","independence_group":"new-indian-express"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/ujjain-tense-after-mosque-demolition-drive-10-booked-2500-police-deployed","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Attributes the injury figure to police; cites the Hindustan Times for background.","independence_group":"free-press-journal-2026-09-28"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Who made the videos, with what tool, and when they were first posted.","How the police established that the videos were made with AI.","How many people were injured, given the conflicting reports.","Whether any of the people detained made or shared the videos, and the outcome of the FIRs."],"geography":{"basis":"The clash, detentions and FIRs took place in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India (all sources). Where the videos were made is not reported. No court proceeding over the clash is reported; the High Court proceedings concerned the road widening.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a case in which police attribute a crowd mobilisation and clash, followed by detentions and FIRs, partly to AI-made videos falsely showing a mosque being demolished. The AI link rests on police statements carried by several outlets. Private accused persons are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Ujjain SP Pradeep Sharma said videos made with AI, showing the whole Shahi Masjid being demolished by a JCB, circulated on social media and helped gather the crowd (Aaj Tak; Live Hindustan, which also reports photos; The Indian Express via the Free Press Journal). Live Hindustan's direct quotation of the SP speaks of morphed photos and a JCB added by editing, and its summary of his remarks attributes the added JCB to AI or editing. Jagran reports a police case over videos fabricated with AI. All of this is police attribution: the videos were not inspected for this review, no outlet describes how the AI attribution was made, and no tool is named. The videos depicted a building, and the people harmed (those detained and the officers reported injured) were not depicted, addressed or decided about by an AI system, so no listed person relation fits (unknown).","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"India: police in Ujjain said AI-made videos falsely showing the whole Shahi Masjid being demolished helped draw a crowd that clashed with police on 28 September 2026; 15 people were taken into custody and influencers were booked","summary":"On 28 September 2026, as part of Ujjain's Shahi Masjid was being removed for a road-widening project, a crowd clashed with police; stones were allegedly thrown at security personnel and police used tear gas and a lathi charge. Ujjain Superintendent of Police Pradeep Sharma said videos made with AI, showing the entire mosque being demolished, and other provocative posts on social media had helped gather the crowd. Police said 15 people were taken into custody and reports put the total at eight FIRs at three police stations; social media influencers were booked for spreading the videos, and police said more than 100 pieces of content were taken down. Reports conflict on injuries: one outlet reported police saying six policemen were hurt, another reported the SP saying no one was injured.","incidentDate":"2026-09-28","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-28","aiSystem":"Videos (and, per one report, photos) that Ujjain police say were made with AI, showing the whole Shahi Masjid being demolished by a JCB, shared on Instagram and Facebook; the tool and its user are not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["loss_of_liberty","legal_harm","physical_injury"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A crowd that Ujjain police say was drawn partly by AI-made videos of the mosque being demolished clashed with police; 15 people were taken into custody and FIRs registered, and police officers were reported injured, though the SP was also reported saying no one was hurt (Aaj Tak; The Indian Express; The New Indian Express; Free Press Journal).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"Police say 15 people were taken into custody after the clash (The Indian Express; Aaj Tak; Jagran; The New Indian Express), and Jagran describes them as accused in the eight cases over stone-pelting, obstruction of government work, inciting the crowd, threats and disturbing public order. They are clash suspects; no source links any of them to making, sharing or seeing the AI videos, so they are not counted as people harmed by the videos. Some further unnumbered arrests are reported (Aaj Tak; The New Indian Express). Police officers reported injured are not counted because reports conflict (six per the Free Press Journal; none per the SP as reported by The New Indian Express). No reliable count of people harmed by the videos exists. Unquantified, numeric placeholders 0.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.aajtak.in/madhya-pradesh/story/ujjain-shahi-masjid-ai-video-clashes-police-road-widening-project-ntc-mnrd-smsr-2656003-2026-09-29","primarySourceLabel":"Aaj Tak, 29 September 2026: शाही मस्जिद गिराने के AI वीडियो से जुटी थी भीड़, उज्जैन के बवाल पर खुलासा","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-04T03:29:15.835694+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T03:29:15.835694+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-video","misinformation","communal-tension","police","detentions","india","madhya-pradesh","hindi-language"]},{"id":"2026-jamui-bihar-ai-generated-videos-minor-harassment-survivor-identity-revealed","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'have registered a case against a social media user for allegedly uploading several AI-generated videos of a girl, molested by a group of people in Jamui district a few days ago, and her friend, an official statement said.'; 'The uploading of such video clips resulted in'; 'revealing the identity of the girl and could affect social harmony'; 'The case has been registered at Cyber Police Station under relevant sections of BNS, POCSO Act, Juvenile Justice Act and IT Act,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'has filed a case against a social media user for uploading videos purportedly generated by artificial intelligence of a girl who was molested by a group of men in Jamui district last week, PTI reported on Saturday.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to a Jamui police statement, the police registered a case at the cyber police station against a social media user for allegedly uploading several AI-generated videos of the girl and her friend; the police said the videos were misleading and fake and revealed the girl's identity.","causal_attribution":"Police statement relayed by PTI (one chain); allegations against the uploader, no court finding."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The Quint also found dozens of AI-generated recreations of the assault circulating on Instagram.'; 'Almost all of them revealed identifying details and included the real video.'; 'Some are even making AI-generated content.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The Quint reported finding dozens of AI-generated recreations of the assault circulating on Instagram, almost all of which revealed identifying details, and quoted the Jamui superintendent of police as saying that some people were making AI-generated content.","causal_attribution":"The Quint's own observation and an interview with the district police chief; the recreations it found are not stated to be the same videos as those in the police case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'were harassed by a group of people on the evening of September 19, and the matter came to light two days later when a video of the incident went viral on social media.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A minor girl was sexually harassed and her male friend was assaulted by a group of men in Jamui district on September 19.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The girl and her male friend were harassed by a group on the evening of 19 September 2026, and the matter came to light two days later when a video of the incident went viral on social media.","causal_attribution":"Police account via PTI; context for the AI-video case."}],"effects":[{"label":"a minor survivor of sexual harassment and her friend were depicted in AI-generated videos that police said revealed her identity","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://theprint.in/india/bihar-police-book-social-media-user-over-ai-videos-of-jamui-molestation-survivor-friend/3054079/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"ThePrint returned HTTP 403 live on 2026-10-03; read via the Internet Archive capture of 26 September 2026. Auto-generated from the PTI wire, relaying the Jamui police statement.","independence_group":"pti-jamui-police-statement"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://scroll.in/latest/1096026/bihar-social-media-user-booked-for-posting-purported-ai-videos-of-jamui-teen-who-was-harassed","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-03 (Scroll, 26 September 2026). Relays the PTI report of the police statement.","independence_group":"pti-jamui-police-statement"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.thequint.com/gender/how-a-video-of-the-jamui-bihar-assault-became-a-new-source-of-digital-abuse","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-03 (The Quint, 25 September 2026, updated 29 September). Own reporting on the circulation of the video and AI recreations, including an interview with the Jamui superintendent of police.","independence_group":"quint-jamui"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI tool used, the platform where the videos were uploaded, and how many people viewed them.","Whether the AI recreations The Quint found on Instagram include the videos in the police case.","Whether the uploader has been arrested or charged, and whether the videos were taken down."],"geography":{"basis":"The harassment took place in Jamui district, Bihar, and the case against the uploader was registered by the Jamui police (PTI via ThePrint). The survivors were in Jamui district when they were harassed and studied at a coaching institute (PTI via ThePrint); where they live is not otherwise stated. No court proceeding against the uploader is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the depicted_or_impersonated relation: the Jamui police said AI-generated videos of a minor harassment survivor and her friend were uploaded to social media and revealed the girl's identity, and registered a case against the uploader (PTI, relayed by ThePrint and Scroll). The Quint independently reported AI-generated recreations of the assault on Instagram. The survivors, their locality and the accused uploader are not identified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-03"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Jamui police statement, reported by PTI, describes the uploaded videos as AI-generated; Scroll describes them as purportedly generated by artificial intelligence. The Quint separately reports finding AI-generated recreations of the assault on Instagram and quotes the district police chief saying some people were making AI-generated content. The tool used and how the videos were made are not reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jamui, Bihar: police registered a case in September 2026 against a social media user over AI-generated videos of a minor girl who had been sexually harassed and her friend, saying the videos were fake and revealed the girl's identity","summary":"A minor girl was sexually harassed and her male friend assaulted by a group in Jamui district, Bihar, on 19 September 2026; a video of the incident spread on social media two days later and the police apprehended several of the accused. According to a Jamui police statement issued on 25 September and reported by the Press Trust of India, the police then registered a case at the cyber police station against a social media user for uploading several AI-generated videos of the girl and her friend. The police called the videos misleading and fake and said they revealed the girl's identity and could affect social harmony; the case was registered under the BNS, the POCSO Act, the Juvenile Justice Act and the IT Act. Separately, The Quint reported finding dozens of AI-generated recreations of the assault on Instagram, almost all revealing identifying details, and quoted the Jamui superintendent of police as saying that some people were making AI-generated content. No outcome of the case against the uploader has been reported.","incidentDate":"2026-09-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-25","aiSystem":"Unidentified AI tool used to generate videos depicting a minor harassment survivor and her friend, uploaded to social media (as described by the Jamui police); The Quint separately describes AI-generated recreations of the assault on Instagram","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Jamui police, AI-generated videos of a minor girl who had been sexually harassed, and of her friend, were uploaded to social media and revealed the girl's identity.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The police statement (via PTI) describes AI-generated videos of the girl and her friend, and says the videos revealed the girl's identity. Documented minimum 2 people depicted; the identity exposure is reported for the girl.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"IN-BR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://theprint.in/india/bihar-police-book-social-media-user-over-ai-videos-of-jamui-molestation-survivor-friend/3054079/","primarySourceLabel":"ThePrint (PTI), 26 September 2026: Bihar police book social media user over AI videos of Jamui molestation survivor, friend","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-03T03:32:57.047748+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-03T03:32:57.047748+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-video","minor","sexual-harassment","identity-exposure","pocso","bihar","india","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-bengaluru-byappanahalli-cm-vijay-deepfake-whatsapp-video-call-aid-fraud","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'a voice and face appearing on a WhatsApp video call allegedly convinced a 29-year-old security guard that he was speaking to Tamil Nadu chief minister and actor C Joseph Vijay'; 'a fraudster allegedly used a deepfake AI-generated video'; 'he received a WhatsApp video call from the number'; 'on Sept 9'; 'After introducing himself as CM Vijay in Hindi'; 'I was offered financial help from Vijay’s personal account'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the familiar face speaking to him was allegedly an AI-generated deepfake'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 9 September 2026 a Bengaluru security guard received a WhatsApp video call in which a face and voice presented as Tamil Nadu Chief Minister C. Joseph Vijay introduced himself in Hindi and offered him financial aid; the Times of India reports that the fraudster allegedly used a deepfake AI-generated video.","causal_attribution":"Complainant's account and TOI's description; CNBC TV18 repeats it. No forensic or police finding on the video is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The manager offered Rs 11 lakh in aid'; 'was asked to pay Rs 5,000 as exchange charges'; 'he needed to pay Rs 18,000 to release it'; 'claiming to be Thakur from the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) contacted me and demanded over Rs 50,000 as a fine imposed by the agency'; 'I made a few more payments totalling over Rs 1.04 lakh through a digital payment app'; 'When the fraudsters demanded another Rs 50,000, I refused and realised I had been duped'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After the call, a 'manager' promised Rs 11 lakh and demanded exchange and PIN-unlock charges, and a man posing as a CBI officer demanded more than Rs 50,000 as a fine; the complainant paid more than Rs 1.04 lakh through a digital payment app before refusing a further Rs 50,000 demand.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's first-person account to TOI. The loss followed the video call; the later demands came from human callers posing as a manager and a CBI officer."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'before approaching Byappanahalli police. A case has been registered under the Information Technology Act'; 'This is the first such case reported in the city'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The complainant called the 1930 cybercrime helpline and went to Byappanahalli police, who registered a case under the Information Technology Act; TOI calls it the first such case reported in the city.","causal_attribution":"As reported by TOI; the FIR itself was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The available information, however, does not establish that the person arrested in Rajasthan was directly involved in the fraud reported by Giri in Bengaluru.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The available information does not establish that the man arrested in Alwar in the Tamil Nadu CB-CID deepfake investigation was involved in the Bengaluru fraud.","causal_attribution":"CNBC TV18's own statement; supports recording this as a separate case from 2026-tamil-nadu-cm-vijay-deepfake-financial-aid-fraud."}],"effects":[{"label":"lost more than Rs 1.04 lakh to staged fee and fake CBI-fine demands after a WhatsApp video call with an alleged deepfake of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister offering aid","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/cm-vijay-whatsapp-call/articleshow/134215533.cms","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-28 (Times of India, Bengaluru, byline H M Chaithanya Swamy, published 13 September 2026 22:57 IST, modified 14 September). The complainant's account given to TOI and to police; a senior officer quoted.","independence_group":"toi-bengaluru-complainant"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/cm-vijay-deepfake-scam-bengaluru-security-guard-rs-11-lakh-offer-19991710.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-28 (CNBC TV18, 16 September 2026). Retells the TOI account without new sourcing (same chain); gives the complainant's age as 39 where TOI says 29. Adds context on the Tamil Nadu CB-CID case and the statement that no link to the Alwar accused is established.","independence_group":"toi-bengaluru-complainant"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether the video was a live face-swap or pre-recorded clips, which tool was used, and whether police have examined it.","Who made the calls and from where; no arrest is reported.","Whether this fraud is connected to the Facebook deepfake videos investigated by the Tamil Nadu CB-CID.","The exact dates of the individual payments after 9 September.","The complainant's age (TOI says 29, CNBC TV18 says 39)."],"geography":{"basis":"The complainant lives and works in Bengaluru and reported to Byappanahalli police in Bengaluru (Times of India). Where the callers were located is not reported. No court proceeding is reported, so court_countries is empty.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case: an alleged deepfake of a public figure communicated with the complainant in a WhatsApp video call, and he reports a loss of more than Rs 1.04 lakh with a police case registered. One reporting chain (TOI, retold by CNBC TV18); the AI attribution is reported, not forensically established. The complainant is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-28"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Times of India reports that the fraudster allegedly used a deepfake AI-generated video of the Chief Minister in the WhatsApp video call; the complainant describes a face and voice presenting as Vijay that spoke to him in Hindi and asked him questions. The AI attribution is the complainant's and the newspaper's; no police or forensic finding on the video, the tool used, or whether the call was live or pre-recorded is reported. The synthetic likeness depicted the Chief Minister, not the complainant, and was used to speak to and question the complainant in the video call; the relation is recorded as communicated_with.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Bengaluru: a security guard says a WhatsApp video call in which an alleged deepfake 'Chief Minister Vijay' offered him financial aid led to fake 'processing' charges and a fake CBI fine, and he lost more than Rs 1.04 lakh; Byappanahalli police register an IT Act case (September 2026)","summary":"A security guard in Bengaluru, originally from Odisha, told the Times of India that on 9 September 2026 he answered a WhatsApp video call in which a face and voice presented as Tamil Nadu Chief Minister C. Joseph Vijay introduced himself in Hindi, asked his name, work and where he lived and pressed him to accept financial help. A 'manager' then promised Rs 11 lakh, said Rs 5 lakh had been allotted to him and asked for a Rs 5,000 exchange charge, then Rs 18,000 to unlock a supposedly locked PIN; a caller posing as a CBI officer demanded more than Rs 50,000 as a fine. The fraudsters sent a fake allotment letter and a purported CBI officer's identity proof. He paid more than Rs 1.04 lakh through a digital payment app before refusing a further Rs 50,000 demand, called the 1930 cybercrime helpline and went to Byappanahalli police, who registered a case under the Information Technology Act. The Times of India says the fraudster allegedly used a deepfake AI-generated video and calls it the first such case reported in the city. No arrest is reported, and no link to the Tamil Nadu CB-CID deepfake case or its Alwar arrest has been established.","incidentDate":"2026-09-09","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-13","aiSystem":"An alleged deepfake AI-generated video likeness and voice of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Vijay shown in a WhatsApp video call (Times of India); the tool and whether the call was live or pre-recorded are not reported","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The complainant says he lost more than Rs 1.04 lakh after a WhatsApp video call with an alleged deepfake of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister led to staged fee and fake CBI-fine demands (his account to the Times of India and his police complaint).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the Bengaluru complainant who says he paid more than Rs 1.04 lakh after the video call (Times of India). Chief Minister Vijay, whose likeness was allegedly faked, is not counted as a harmed person here. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN-KA","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/cm-vijay-whatsapp-call/articleshow/134215533.cms","primarySourceLabel":"Times of India (Bengaluru), 13 September 2026: 'CM Vijay' WhatsApp call promises Rs 11 lakh aid, Bengaluru man loses Rs 1 lakh","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-28T03:31:33.034103+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:26.844463+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","public-figure-impersonation","video-call","whatsapp","fraud","fake-cbi-officer","india","karnataka","bengaluru","tamil-nadu-cm-vijay"]},{"id":"2026-delhi-police-facial-recognition-jantar-mantar-list-25-in-jail","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to the police affidavit submitted on August 17, its FRS identified individuals with criminal records at the protest site'; 'It said that 2,402 people were identified by the Delhi Police'; 'and 471 through criminal records.'; 'No actions are taken solely based upon the result of the facial recognition system which is only the first step to identify a person in the crowd who has a criminal record.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'According to the Delhi Police affidavit, 2,402 people were identified through its biometric database, Crime Kundli, while another 471 were identified through criminal records.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The Delhi Police's affidavit of August 17, 2026 told the Supreme Court that 2,873 persons with criminal records had been spotted by the FRS at the protest site.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"In an affidavit of 17 August 2026 before the Supreme Court, Delhi Police said its Facial Recognition System had identified 2,873 people with criminal antecedents at the Jantar Mantar protest site between 20 and 26 July 2026, 2,402 through its 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and 471 through criminal records, and that no action is taken solely on an FRS result before field verification.","causal_attribution":"The affidavit as quoted by The Indian Express and relayed by Outlook and IFF; not inspected directly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'An investigation of those with serious charges, murder, attempted murder and rape, and child abuse, shows that at least 25 people on the list, identified by the Facial Recognition System (FRS) at Jantar Mantar, were in jail as per police, jail and court records.'; 'In this group, 17 faced charges of murder; four of rape, including two in POCSO cases; and four more of attempt to murder were lodged in Delhi'; 'Court and jail records for all 25 show custody dates precede the protest'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'At least 25 of the 2,873 people identified by Delhi Police'; 'were already in jail when they were flagged, an investigation of police, prison and court records by The Indian Express has found.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Three were \"identified\" on July 24, twenty-one on July 25 and one on July 26, each with a timestamp.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"At least 25 of the 205 listed people facing murder, rape, POCSO or attempted-murder charges were in Tihar, Mandoli or Rohini jails when the FRS logged them at Jantar Mantar (17 murder, four rape of which the Express's narrative counts two and its itemised list three as POCSO cases, four attempted murder), with timestamps on 24, 25 and 26 July 2026 and custody dates that in some cases precede the protest by years.","causal_attribution":"The Indian Express's own check of police, prison and court records (one chain, relayed by Outlook and IFF); the Delhi Police response did not address the 25 cases."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'On Tuesday, when the Supreme Court quashed all FIRs related to the exam leak protests by students, it let the government proceed against the 2,873 people who the Delhi Police claimed had criminal records'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Delhi Police was given permission to register one fresh FIR concerning 2,873 people alleged to have serious criminal antecedents and initially reported to have been present at Jantar Mantar.'; 'The Court did not find that the 2,873 were present, had qualifying criminal records or committed violence.'; 'the order prescribed no method or express requirement that checks precede arrest or other action'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'On September 1, 2026, a Bench headed by the Chief Justice of India, invoking Article 142, quashed all FIRs registered against students who participated in the July protests'; 'while directing that this should not prejudice their rights and that they must be given every opportunity to defend themselves'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 1 September 2026 the Supreme Court quashed the FIRs against the student protesters but permitted Delhi Police to register a fresh FIR concerning the 2,873 persons with alleged serious antecedents, directing that this should not prejudice their rights, and without a finding that they were present; the undertaking that action would follow field verification is the police's own, and The Federal notes the order prescribed no such requirement.","causal_attribution":"The order as described by the three outlets; not inspected directly."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Responding on Monday to a questionnaire from the Express, the Delhi Police said:'; 'During the protests, 2873 individuals identified as prima facie having criminal antecedents were spotted. However, further verification in this regard is pending.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'In its response to the Express, the Delhi Police did not address the 25 cases'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Responding to The Indian Express, Delhi Police said the 2,873 individuals had been spotted as prima facie having criminal antecedents and that further verification was pending; the response did not address the 25 cases.","causal_attribution":"Police statement as quoted by the Express."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In response to a Right to Information (RTI) request in 2022, the police had revealed that it considered a match to be'; 'if its system showed an accuracy rate of 80 per cent.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the Delhi Police disclosed that it treats any match with a similarity score above 80% as \"positive\"'; 'extracted in 2022 only after a Second Appeal before the Central Information Commission'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Delhi Police disclosed in 2022, in reply to Right to Information requests, that it treats a facial-recognition match with an 80 per cent similarity or accuracy score as positive.","causal_attribution":"Delhi Police's 2022 RTI replies as described by IFF, which obtained them, and by The Indian Express, which IFF says relies on the same disclosures; one chain. The reply itself was not inspected. IE describes the threshold as an accuracy rate of 80 per cent and IFF as a similarity score above 80 per cent."}],"effects":[{"label":"at least 25 people in judicial custody were logged by the police facial-recognition system as present at a protest and listed in a sworn affidavit of persons with criminal antecedents against whom a fresh FIR and field verification were permitted","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/delhi-police-facial-recognition-jantar-mantar-protest-accused-in-jail-10862099/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-24 from an Internet Archive capture of 15 September 2026 (web.archive.org/web/20260915075622id_/...); the live page returns 403 to this host. Express Investigation of 4 September 2026 with the list of the 25 and the police response.","independence_group":"indian-express-investigation"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.outlookindia.com/national/jantar-mantar-protest-25-people-flagged-by-facial-recognition-were-in-jail-records-show","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (Outlook India, 4 September 2026): relays the Express findings and the affidavit figures; same chain.","independence_group":"indian-express-investigation"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://internetfreedom.in/delhi-polices-facial-recognition-flagged-25-jailed-people-at-jantar-mantar-this-dragnet-must-end/","kind":"other","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (Internet Freedom Foundation, Apar Gupta, 4 September 2026): advocacy analysis that relays the Express findings (same chain for the 25) and adds IFF's own 2022 RTI replies on the 80 per cent threshold, its 24 July 2026 representation and RTI applications.","independence_group":"iff-own-rti"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://thefederal.com/the-federal-special/one-protest-two-probes-why-the-2873-person-fir-raises-questions-255688","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (The Federal, 4 September 2026): analysis of the Supreme Court order and the affidavit relying on the Express report; same chain.","independence_group":"indian-express-investigation"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice","public_services","privacy"],"unknowns":["Whether any of the 25 has been named in the fresh FIR, visited for field verification or otherwise acted against.","Whether the 25 (or the other 2,848 listed people) have been told they are on the list.","How many of the remaining 2,668 entries would fail the same check; the Express examined only the 205 most serious.","The vendor, algorithm and threshold actually applied at Jantar Mantar in July 2026.","The full text of the 17 August affidavit and the 1 September order (described as quoted).","Whether two or three of the four rape accused are POCSO cases: The Indian Express's narrative says two, its itemised list says three.","The protest window: The Indian Express and Outlook give 20 to 26 July; The Federal gives 20 to 25 July."],"geography":{"basis":"The protests and the facial-recognition deployment were at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi; the 25 were in Delhi's Tihar, Mandoli and Rohini prisons; the affidavit and order are in the Supreme Court of India (The Indian Express, IFF, The Federal).","court_countries":["IN"],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a contextual case in which an AI system made a consequential claim about identifiable people: a police facial-recognition system placed at least 25 people who were in prison at a protest, on a sworn list that the Supreme Court permitted police to act on. The finding rests on The Indian Express's records investigation (one chain, relayed by Outlook, IFF and The Federal) with the affidavit and order described as quoted; the 80 per cent threshold rests on IFF's 2022 RTI replies, which IFF says the Express also relies on. The listed people are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Delhi Police's own affidavit, as quoted by The Indian Express, attributes the 2,873 identifications to its Facial Recognition System matching faces against the 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and criminal records; the Express's records check shows the system logged at least 25 people who were in custody. The affidavit was not inspected directly.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Delhi: the police facial-recognition system logged at least 25 people who were in Tihar, Mandoli or Rohini jails as present at the Jantar Mantar student protests (20 to 26 July 2026), with timestamps on 24 to 26 July, on a sworn list of 2,873 persons with 'criminal antecedents' that the Supreme Court allowed police to register a fresh FIR against (Indian Express investigation, 4 September 2026)","summary":"In an affidavit of 17 August 2026 before the Supreme Court of India, Delhi Police said its Facial Recognition System (FRS) had identified 2,873 people with criminal antecedents at the Jantar Mantar protests of 20 to 26 July 2026 (2,402 through its 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and 471 through other criminal records). On 1 September the Court quashed the FIRs against the student protesters but let the police proceed against the 2,873; the police say any action will follow field verification. The Indian Express checked the 205 listed people facing murder, attempted-murder, rape or child-sexual-offence charges against police, prison and court records and found that at least 25 of them (17 accused of murder, four of rape (two or three under POCSO; the Express's narrative and its list differ), four of attempted murder) were lodged in Delhi's Tihar, Mandoli or Rohini prisons when the system logged them at the protest site with timestamps on 24, 25 and 26 July; some had been in custody for years. Delhi Police told the newspaper that further verification of the 2,873 was pending and, in its affidavit, that no action is taken solely on a facial-recognition result and that field verification follows each match. The police disclosed in 2022, in reply to a Right to Information request, that it treats a match with an 80 per cent similarity score as positive. Whether any of the 25 has since been named in the fresh FIR or visited for verification is not reported.","incidentDate":"2026-07-24","incidentEndDate":"2026-07-26","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-04","aiSystem":"Delhi Police Facial Recognition System (FRS): face-matching software run on protest footage against the police 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and other criminal records; the vendor and algorithm are not identified in the inspected reporting","aiProduct":"Unidentified facial recognition system","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"At least 25 people in judicial custody were recorded by the police facial-recognition system as present at a protest they could not have attended and were placed, in a sworn affidavit before the Supreme Court, on a list of 2,873 persons with criminal antecedents against whom the Court permitted a fresh FIR and police field verification; The Indian Express reports the misidentifications and the Internet Freedom Foundation describes the exposure to verification visits and prosecution as the harm. No arrest, FIR entry or verification visit of any of the 25 is reported in the inspected sources.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":25,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The Indian Express states 'at least 25 people on the list' were in jail when logged, and lists them (17 murder, four rape, four attempted murder). The other 2,668 entries were not checked, so the count is a documented minimum of 25.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/delhi-police-facial-recognition-jantar-mantar-protest-accused-in-jail-10862099/","primarySourceLabel":"The Indian Express, 4 September 2026: Police say cameras 'caught' murder, rape accused at CJP protest - some were actually in jail (Express Investigation)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-24T03:46:45.247544+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:35.08761+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["facial-recognition","india","delhi","protest-surveillance","supreme-court","police","false-match","made-claim-about","jantar-mantar"]},{"id":"2026-rajasthan-influencer-ganga-dip-ai-deepfake-reel","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The victim had visited Haridwar with her family in June to take a dip in the Ganga. On June 6, she also uploaded a video on social media showing herself taking a dip in the river while wearing a salwar suit. The video was edited to create a fake version, which went viral last week'; 'Around two months later, she suddenly discovered that the original video had been manipulated using AI to create and circulate an objectionable video showing the same movements. Her face and body were portrayed in a shameful manner in the fake video.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 6 June 2026 the influencer uploaded a video of herself taking a dip in the Ganga at Har Ki Pauri, Haridwar, wearing a salwar suit; about two months later she discovered that it had been manipulated with AI into an objectionable video showing the same movements, which went viral in the week before 20 September 2026.","causal_attribution":"The victim's account as reported; the AI characterisation is the report's."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I am mentally very disturbed. People are commenting... I have reached a point where I cannot even step out of my house.'; 'In a statement, the victim said the fake video had caused her severe mental distress. People were posting objectionable comments under the video, while several others were also sharing it.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She said the fake video caused her severe mental distress, that people were posting objectionable comments and sharing it, and that she had reached a point where she could not step out of her house; she appealed for its removal as a matter of her dignity.","causal_attribution":"The victim's statement."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The victim then filed a complaint with the cyber crime police on September 16.'; 'RPS officer Pallavi Gupta, who is investigating the case, said they are trying to establish who created and circulated the video. Efforts are also being made to remove it from social media. She said it would take time to complete the investigation and identify the accused.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She filed a complaint with the cyber-crime police on 16 September 2026; the investigating RPS officer said police were trying to establish who created and circulated the video and to have it removed, and that identifying the accused would take time.","causal_attribution":"Police statement as quoted by the report."}],"effects":[{"label":"an AI-manipulated objectionable reel of the influencer went viral with abusive comments; she reports severe mental distress and being unable to leave her house","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/rajasthan/news/rajasthan-influencer-ai-deepfake-video-controversy-cyber-safety-139083898.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (HTTP 200; published 2026-09-20 06:00 IST; Dainik Bhaskar English, Rajasthan local news, 'Sunday Big Story'). Based on the victim's public statement and the investigating officer; the victim is not named.","independence_group":"dainik-bhaskar-2026-09-20"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The tool used, the platform on which the fake circulated and who made it are not established.","The exact date the manipulated reel began circulating is given only as 'last week' relative to 20 September; the record uses the complaint date.","The victim's town and the police unit handling the complaint are not stated.","No arrest, takedown outcome or later coverage was found by 21 September 2026."],"geography":{"basis":"The original video was recorded at Har Ki Pauri, Haridwar (Uttarakhand); the victim is a Rajasthan influencer and the complaint is with the cyber-crime police and is investigated by a Rajasthan Police Service officer (Dainik Bhaskar English, Rajasthan edition). No court proceeding.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an AI image-based abuse case with a reported harm (severe distress, withdrawal from public life) stated publicly by the victim and a registered cyber-crime complaint confirmed by the investigating officer. One source read in full; claims recorded as reported. The victim is anonymous in the source and here.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-21"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The report states that the original video 'was manipulated using AI to create and circulate an objectionable video showing the same movements' and describes the case as a deepfake; the investigating officer is quoted on the investigation, not on the tool. No forensic finding is reported and the tool is not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Rajasthan: a social-media influencer's video of a Ganga dip at Haridwar was manipulated with AI into an objectionable reel that went viral; she says she is mentally disturbed and cannot leave her house, and filed a cyber-crime complaint on 16 September 2026","summary":"A Rajasthan social-media influencer visited Haridwar with her family in June 2026 and on 6 June uploaded to Instagram a short video, recorded by relatives, of herself taking a dip in the Ganga at Har Ki Pauri wearing a salwar suit. About two months later she found that the video had been manipulated with AI into an objectionable version showing the same movements with her face and body portrayed 'in a shameful manner'; the fake reel went viral in the week before 20 September and drew objectionable comments and re-sharing. In a public appeal she asked whoever uploaded it to remove it, saying it was a matter of her dignity, that she was mentally very disturbed and had reached a point where she could not step out of her house. She filed a complaint with the cyber-crime police on 16 September 2026; the investigating Rajasthan Police Service officer said they were trying to identify who created and circulated the video and to have it removed, and that identifying the accused would take time. Dainik Bhaskar's English edition reported the case on 20 September in a 'Sunday Big Story' that does not name her.","incidentDate":"2026-09-16","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-20","aiSystem":"AI video manipulation (deepfake) tool, not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm","exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The influencer says the AI-manipulated reel, its viral spread and the comments left her mentally very disturbed and unable to leave her house, and that it damaged her dignity (her statement as reported by Dainik Bhaskar English); the objectionable depiction itself is the abuse.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One depicted person, the influencer who filed the complaint (Dainik Bhaskar English). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/rajasthan/news/rajasthan-influencer-ai-deepfake-video-controversy-cyber-safety-139083898.html","primarySourceLabel":"Dainik Bhaskar English (Rajasthan), 20 September 2026, Sunday Big Story: Truth behind Rajasthan influencer's viral objectionable reel: AI-generated deepfake video","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-21T04:11:24.565395+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:50.363597+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-generated-video","harassment","influencer","india","rajasthan","haridwar","depicted","cyber-crime-complaint"]},{"id":"2026-surat-chatgpt-double-suicide","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"deaths","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'had left home for college on Friday morning but did not return'; 'near their bodies late on Friday night'; 'where doctors declared them brought dead'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi"},{"locator":"'The two collegians were missing since Friday afternoon and were found dead later that night'","relation":"supports","source_id":"pti"},{"locator":"'બંને વિદ્યાર્થિનીઓના મૃતદેહ મળી આવ્યા છે' (research-agent translation: the bodies of both students were found); '6 માર્ચે સવારે ઘરેથી કૉલેજ જવા નીકળી હતી' (had left home for college on the morning of 6 March)","relation":"supports","source_id":"bbc_gujarati"},{"locator":"'When police reached the site, the bathroom was found locked from inside and had to be broken into. The girls were found dead'","relation":"supports","source_id":"ndtv_first"}],"assertion":"Two college students who had left home for college on the morning of 6 March 2026 were found dead that night in a washroom on a temple campus in Surat, Gujarat.","causal_attribution":"This establishes the deaths; it does not establish that ChatGPT or any AI system caused them."},{"id":"suicide_finding","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'બંને યુવતીઓએ આત્મહત્યા કરી હોવાનું પોલીસનું પ્રાથમિક દૃષ્ટિએ માનવું છે' (research-agent translation: police believe at first sight that both young women died by suicide)","relation":"supports","source_id":"bbc_gujarati"},{"locator":"'preliminary investigation suggesting death by suicide'","relation":"supports","source_id":"ndtv_first"},{"locator":"'allegedly ended their lives'","relation":"context","source_id":"toi"}],"assertion":"Police said their preliminary investigation pointed to suicide.","causal_attribution":"A preliminary police view of the manner of death. It says nothing about any AI contribution."},{"id":"chatgpt_queries","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'When we unlocked their phones, we found their ChatGPT search history.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"ndtv_quote"},{"locator":"'the duo had searched AI-powered conversational tool ChatGPT about'; 'how to commit suicide'","relation":"supports","source_id":"pti"},{"locator":"'During preliminary investigation, police found images and ChatGPT search history on their mobile phones'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi"},{"locator":"'पुलिस को उनके मोबाइल फोन से तस्वीरें और चैटजीपीटी सर्च हिस्ट्री मिली' (research-agent translation: police found images and ChatGPT search history on their mobile phones)","relation":"supports","source_id":"jagran"},{"locator":"'Two college students in Surat allegedly searched suicide methods on ChatGPT before dying inside a temple washroom, police said.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"fpj"},{"locator":"'Police said the victims had used AI tools to search for ways to die by suicide.'","relation":"context","source_id":"toi_followup"}],"assertion":"Surat police said that when they unlocked the students’ phones they found ChatGPT search history showing that the students had asked how to die by suicide.","causal_attribution":"Police describe the students’ queries. No inspected source describes ChatGPT’s replies or any safety message, or establishes that the exchanges contributed to the deaths. PTI, the Times of India and NDTV each quote the same Surat police officer, so the identification of ChatGPT rests on one police account. A later Times of India report quotes police referring to AI tools in general."},{"id":"ai_platform_inspector","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'મોબાઇલની ચકાસણી દરમિયાન યુવતીઓએ એઆઈ પ્લૅટફૉર્મ પર આત્મહત્યા કરવાની રીત વિશે સર્ચ કર્યુ હતું.' (research-agent translation: during examination of the phones, the young women had searched on an AI platform about the way to die by suicide); 'બંનેએ શા માટે આ પગલું લીધું તેનું ચોક્કસ કારણ જાણવાનું બાકી છે.' (the exact reason why both took this step is yet to be found)","relation":"supports","source_id":"bbc_gujarati"},{"locator":"'on an artificial intelligence platform'; 'Further probe found that the girls had searched'","relation":"context","source_id":"ndtv_first"}],"assertion":"A Surat police inspector told BBC News Gujarati that examination of the phones showed the students had searched an AI platform about ways to die by suicide, and that the reason for the deaths had yet to be established.","causal_attribution":"A second officer’s account of the searches, without a product name. It does not describe any reply or establish a causal role."},{"id":"news_image","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'An image of a news article about a woman who died by suicide'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi"},{"locator":"'In their photo gallery, there was a screenshot of a news report'","relation":"supports","source_id":"ndtv_quote"},{"locator":"'some photographs related to suicide were found in the gallery of the phone of one of the deceased'","relation":"context","source_id":"pti"}],"assertion":"Police said one phone also held an image of a news report about another person’s suicide.","causal_attribution":"A non-AI source of information found on one phone. Police did not say which source, if any, influenced the students."},{"id":"motive_breakups","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Preliminary investigation into the shocking twin suicides of two college girls on March 6 night has revealed that the teenagers may have taken the extreme step after being heartbroken following break-ups'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi_followup"},{"locator":"'did not find any threatening messages or evidence suggesting the girls were being intimidated'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi_followup"}],"assertion":"In a report published on 10 March 2026, police said their preliminary inquiry indicated that the students may have acted after the recent end of romantic relationships, and that they had found no threatening messages.","causal_attribution":"Police located the likely motive outside the AI exchanges. This is a preliminary police view reported by one outlet."},{"id":"forensics_pending","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Their mobile phones have been sent to the Forensic Science Laboratory for further examination.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi"},{"locator":"'બંને યુવતીઓના મોબાઇલ એફએસએલની તપાસ માટે મોકલવામાં આવ્યા છે' (research-agent translation: both young women’s phones have been sent for forensic laboratory examination)","relation":"supports","source_id":"bbc_gujarati"},{"locator":"'We are awaiting the medical reports and the mobile phones have been sent for detailed forensic examination.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"toi_followup"},{"locator":"'police are investigating the incident from all angles'","relation":"context","source_id":"ndtv_quote"},{"locator":"'A probe is underway to find out why the two took the extreme step'","relation":"context","source_id":"pti"}],"assertion":"Police sent both students’ phones for forensic laboratory examination.","causal_attribution":"An investigative step. Its results, which could bear on the AI exchanges, were not found in any inspected source."}],"effects":[{"label":"Two college students died; police said the deaths appeared to be suicides.","claim_id":"deaths","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"toi","url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/two-college-girls-end-lives-inside-temples-washroom/articleshow/129229489.cms","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Times of India Surat report published 8 March 2026 (02:18 IST); full article body read on 2026-10-06. Own reporting quoting the Assistant Commissioner of Police.","independence_group":"toi"},{"id":"toi_followup","url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/college-girls-suicide-broken-relationships-led-to-drastic-step/articleshow/129351559.cms","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Times of India Surat follow-up published 10 March 2026; full article body read on 2026-10-06. Quotes the same Assistant Commissioner of Police.","independence_group":"toi"},{"id":"pti","url":"https://www.rediff.com/news/report/women-found-dead-in-temple-suicide-probe-launched/20260307.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Press Trust of India wire copy as published by Rediff on 7 March 2026; full body read on 2026-10-06. Moneycontrol carries the same PTI copy.","independence_group":"pti"},{"id":"ndtv_first","url":"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2-girls-found-dead-in-gujarat-temple-bathroom-had-searched-ways-to-die-by-suicide-11181710","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. NDTV report published 7 March 2026 with a Surat dateline and inputs from a correspondent, attributing its account to police without naming an officer; read on 2026-10-06 from an Internet Archive capture because the publisher returned HTTP 403. It refers to an artificial intelligence platform without naming a product.","independence_group":"ndtv"},{"id":"ndtv_quote","url":"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/elon-musk-surat-chatgpt-suicide-surat-women-use-chatgpt-for-suicide-in-temple-washroom-elon-musk-reacts-11188445","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. NDTV report published 9 March 2026 with a direct quotation from the Assistant Commissioner of Police; read on 2026-10-06 from an Internet Archive capture because the publisher returned HTTP 403.","independence_group":"ndtv"},{"id":"bbc_gujarati","url":"https://www.bbc.com/gujarati/articles/c05vd3rv7dyo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"gu","translation_note":"Gujarati. BBC News Gujarati report published 7 March 2026, based on a BBC associate journalist in Surat and a police inspector speaking to BBC Gujarati; full body read on 2026-10-06. Passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI); no human translator checked them. It refers to an AI platform without naming a product.","independence_group":"bbc_gujarati"},{"id":"fpj","url":"https://www.freepressjournal.in/tech/two-surat-college-girls-used-chatgpt-to-find-ways-to-commit-suicide-were-later-found-dead-in-a-gujarat-temple","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Free Press Journal web-desk copy published 9 March 2026; full body read on 2026-10-06. It repeats details from the Times of India report and the PTI wording on the ChatGPT searches without new reporting; it is grouped with the Times of India.","independence_group":"toi"},{"id":"jagran","url":"https://www.jagran.com/gujarat/surat-surat-two-friends-committed-suicide-in-a-temple-bathroom-after-searching-for-the-method-on-chatgpt-40164710.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"hi","translation_note":"Hindi. Dainik Jagran report published 8 March 2026; full body read on 2026-10-06. Its details and wording follow the Times of India account in translation, so it shares that group. Passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI).","independence_group":"toi"},{"id":"the_hindu","url":"https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat/two-women-found-dead-in-temple-bathroom-in-gujarat-police-examine-chatgpt-search-logs/article70721368.ece","kind":"news_report","access":"unavailable","language":null,"translation_note":"Not read: the publisher returned HTTP 403 and the Internet Archive capture route also returned 403 on 2026-10-06. Retained because the earlier record cited it; no claim relies on it.","independence_group":"the_hindu"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health"],"unknowns":["What ChatGPT replied to the students, including whether it refused or showed crisis resources, is not described in any inspected source.","Whether all of the reported queries were made in ChatGPT: a later police account refers to AI tools in general, and the inspector who spoke to BBC News Gujarati to an AI platform.","The results of the forensic examination of the phones and of the post-mortem examinations; no report after 10 March 2026 was found.","Whether the exchanges influenced the students’ actions, given the news-report image on one phone and the relationship break-ups police described.","The Hindu report cited in the earlier record could not be read from this host."],"geography":{"basis":"The Times of India, PTI and BBC News Gujarati place the deaths in Surat, Gujarat, India, and describe both students as studying in Surat. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Multiple independent reporting chains (the Times of India, PTI, NDTV and BBC News Gujarati) establish the two deaths. Each relays a police account that the students had searched ChatGPT or an AI platform about how to die by suicide before they died. The police account is the only origin of the AI connection; the chatbot’s replies and any causal role remain unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-06"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Surat police said the two students’ unlocked phones held ChatGPT search history in which they asked how to die by suicide before they died (the police officer’s statements reported by PTI, the Times of India and NDTV); a second officer told BBC News Gujarati that the phones showed searches on an AI platform about ways to die. These are the students’ own exchanges with the chatbot, connected by police to the deaths they were investigating. No source describes ChatGPT’s replies, and police also reported a news-report image on one phone and recent relationship break-ups as context.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"The deaths occurred in Surat, Gujarat, India, according to the inspected reports. The students lived and studied in Surat. No court proceeding is reported.","evidence":[{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'were found dead inside the bathroom of a temple in Gujarat'","location":"https://www.rediff.com/news/report/women-found-dead-in-temple-suicide-probe-launched/20260307.htm","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["IN"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'સુરતની કૉલેજમાં ભણતી બે યુવતીઓના મૃતદેહો' (research-agent translation: the bodies of two young women studying at a college in Surat)","location":"https://www.bbc.com/gujarati/articles/c05vd3rv7dyo","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["IN"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"unresolved":["No forensic or post-mortem result was found in reporting after 10 March 2026.","Divya Bhaskar, Gujarat Samachar, Indian Express and Bhaskar English reports were identified by headline but could not be opened from this host."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-06","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/two-college-girls-end-lives-inside-temples-washroom/articleshow/129229489.cms","notes":"Read in full on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200). Names of the deceased appear in the body and are not repeated in the record.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/college-girls-suicide-broken-relationships-led-to-drastic-step/articleshow/129351559.cms","notes":"Read in full on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200). Follow-up with the police account of motive.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.rediff.com/news/report/women-found-dead-in-temple-suicide-probe-launched/20260307.htm","notes":"PTI copy read on Rediff on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200).","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2-girls-found-dead-in-gujarat-temple-bathroom-had-searched-ways-to-die-by-suicide-11181710","notes":"Publisher HTTP 403; read from an Internet Archive id_ capture on 2026-10-06.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/elon-musk-surat-chatgpt-suicide-surat-women-use-chatgpt-for-suicide-in-temple-washroom-elon-musk-reacts-11188445","notes":"Publisher HTTP 403; read from an Internet Archive id_ capture on 2026-10-06.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/gujarati/articles/c05vd3rv7dyo","notes":"Read in Gujarati on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200). Translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator checked it.","access":"read","language":"gu"},{"url":"https://www.freepressjournal.in/tech/two-surat-college-girls-used-chatgpt-to-find-ways-to-commit-suicide-were-later-found-dead-in-a-gujarat-temple","notes":"Read on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200). Derivative of the Times of India report.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.jagran.com/gujarat/surat-surat-two-friends-committed-suicide-in-a-temple-bathroom-after-searching-for-the-method-on-chatgpt-40164710.html","notes":"Read in Hindi on 2026-10-06 (HTTP 200). Follows the Times of India account; translated by the research agent (an AI).","access":"read","language":"hi"},{"url":"https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat/two-women-found-dead-in-temple-bathroom-in-gujarat-police-examine-chatgpt-search-logs/article70721368.ece","notes":"HTTP 403 from the publisher and from the Internet Archive id_ route on 2026-10-06.","access":"unavailable","language":null}]},"name":"Police say two Surat students found dead had searched ChatGPT about suicide","summary":"Two college students were found dead in a washroom on a temple campus in Surat, Gujarat, on 6 March 2026, and police said their preliminary investigation pointed to suicide. Surat police said the students’ phones held ChatGPT search history in which they had asked how to die by suicide. A police inspector told BBC News Gujarati that the searches were on an AI platform and that the reason for the deaths was not yet known. No inspected source describes what ChatGPT replied. Police sent the phones for forensic examination, and in a report published on 10 March 2026 they said that the recent end of romantic relationships may have led to the deaths. No forensic result had been reported in the sources found.","incidentDate":"2026-03-06","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-03-07","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, as identified in Surat police statements reported by PTI, the Times of India and NDTV","aiProduct":"ChatGPT (reported)","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["death"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Two students died; police said the deaths appeared to be suicides and reported ChatGPT searches about suicide on their phones. AI causation is unclear.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"unclear","participantUsersAffectedMin":2,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Counts the two students who died. Police said both had searched ChatGPT, and a later police account said both had used AI tools.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/two-college-girls-end-lives-inside-temples-washroom/articleshow/129229489.cms","primarySourceLabel":"The Times of India, 8 March 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-03-23T06:59:22.821154+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T03:13:38.639929+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["india","chatgpt","openai","suicide","double_suicide"]}]}