{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T13:30:47.181Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"india","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"contextual","evidence":"","year":"2026","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":1,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":1,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":3,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-bengaluru-ai-traffic-camera-guitar-bag-pillion-helmet-challan","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'One of the AI cameras installed on Outer Ring Road had captured him at noon on Sept 15'; 'was generated the next day'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'received an e-challan alleging that a pillion rider had violated the helmet rule'; 'what the AI camera had identified as a pillion rider was actually a guitar bag he was carrying on his back'; 'issued a Rs 500 fine for not wearing a helmet'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'পরদিন ১৬ সেপ্টেম্বর স্ত্রীর মোবাইলে আসা ই-চালানে'; 'তিনি একাই স্কুটার চালাচ্ছিলেন'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"After an AI camera on Bengaluru's Outer Ring Road captured the rider alone on the scooter at about noon on 15 September 2026, a ₹500 e-challan for a pillion rider without protective headgear was generated the next day, with a photograph showing the guitar bag on his back.","causal_attribution":"The rider's account and challan as reported; not inspected directly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The photograph showed the bag in a position that apparently led the AI-based system to classify it as a person sitting behind the rider. The system then appears to have detected a helmet violation and generated the challan.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A senior traffic police officer said the bag's position apparently led the AI-based system to classify it as a person behind the rider, after which the system appears to have detected a helmet violation and generated the challan.","causal_attribution":"A police officer's explanation to Deccan Herald, hedged with 'apparently' and 'appears'."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Bengaluru Traffic Police (BTP) said the violation could be rectified'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'If found true, we will revoke the violation'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Bengaluru Traffic Police said the violation could be rectified and directed the rider to email the details, and the joint commissioner of police (traffic) said the violation would be revoked if the complaint was found true.","causal_attribution":"Police responses as reported by each paper."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Bengaluru traffic police had adopted an AI-based surveillance system in Dec 2022 and run it without any human validation at the backend'; 'police decided to manually validate all violations raised by AI'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Bengaluru Traffic Police adopted the AI-based surveillance system in December 2022, initially without human validation at the back end, and later decided to validate AI-raised violations manually.","causal_attribution":"Background reported by the Times of India; whether this challan passed manual validation is not stated."}],"effects":[{"label":"issued a ₹500 e-challan for a helmetless pillion passenger who did not exist","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/ai-camera-mistakes-guitar-for-pillion-rider-in-bengaluru-issues-rs-500-helmet-fine-4160844","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-10-02 (Deccan Herald, 26 September 2026); carries its own quote from a senior traffic police officer.","independence_group":"deccan-herald-btp"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ai-strums-wrong-tune-mistakes-guitar-for-helmetless-pillion-in-bengaluru/articleshow/134508809.cms","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-10-02 (Times of India, Bengaluru, 26 September 2026); carries its own comment from the joint commissioner of police (traffic).","independence_group":"toi-btp"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://zoombangla.com/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"bn","translation_note":"Read live in Bengali on 2026-10-02 (Zoom Bangla, 1 October 2026), a Bangladeshi rewrite of Indian reporting of the rider's post. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"rider-post-relay"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://banglascoop.com/37579","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"bn","translation_note":"Read live in Bengali on 2026-10-02 (BanglaScoop, 1 October 2026), which cites NDTV. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"rider-post-relay"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["public_services","justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether the challan was revoked, paid or contested through the court.","Whether a human reviewer validated this challan before it was issued.","The vendor and name of the camera system."],"geography":{"basis":"The ride was from Hebbal towards Tin Factory in Bengaluru and the camera is on the Outer Ring Road; the challan was issued by Bengaluru Traffic Police (Deccan Herald; Times of India). No court proceeding.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a contextual case: an institution's AI system made a penalty decision about a person on the basis of a misclassified object. Two newspapers with separate police comments (Deccan Herald and the Times of India) report the challan; a senior traffic officer attributes the classification to the AI system. The rider is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-02"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"A senior traffic police officer told Deccan Herald that the bag's position apparently led the AI-based system to classify it as a person behind the rider and that the system appears to have detected a helmet violation and generated the challan. The Times of India attributes the capture to one of the AI cameras on the Outer Ring Road. The camera system is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about"]},"name":"Bengaluru: an AI traffic camera on the Outer Ring Road reportedly classified a guitar bag on a lone scooter rider's back as a helmetless pillion passenger and generated a ₹500 e-challan; a senior traffic officer said the system appears to have made the classification, and police offered rectification","summary":"On 15 September 2026 a man was riding his wife's electric scooter alone in Bengaluru, from Hebbal towards Tin Factory, wearing a helmet and carrying a guitar on his back. An AI-enabled Bengaluru Traffic Police camera on the Outer Ring Road photographed him, and the next day an e-challan of ₹500 was generated for a pillion rider not wearing protective headgear; the photograph attached to it showed no passenger, only the guitar bag. The rider posted the challan on X and asked the traffic police to revoke it. A senior traffic police officer told Deccan Herald that the bag's position apparently led the AI-based system to classify it as a person sitting behind the rider, after which the system appears to have detected a helmet violation and generated the challan. Bengaluru Traffic Police replied that the violation could be rectified and gave an email address and phone numbers, and the joint commissioner of police (traffic) told the Times of India that the violation would be revoked if the complaint was found true. Whether it was revoked is not reported.","incidentDate":"2026-09-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-09-26","aiSystem":"AI-enabled traffic enforcement camera on Bengaluru's Outer Ring Road, part of Bengaluru Traffic Police's AI-based violation detection system (system not named in the sources)","aiProduct":"Unidentified traffic-violation detection camera","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A lone scooter rider received a ₹500 e-challan for a helmetless pillion passenger after a Bengaluru Traffic Police AI camera apparently classified the guitar bag on his back as a person (the rider's account via the Times of India and Deccan Herald; a senior traffic officer's explanation to Deccan Herald).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the rider penalised by the challan (Times of India; Deccan Herald). The notice reached the scooter's registered owner, his wife (Zoom Bangla; BanglaScoop relaying NDTV); she is not counted separately as harmed. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/ai-camera-mistakes-guitar-for-pillion-rider-in-bengaluru-issues-rs-500-helmet-fine-4160844","primarySourceLabel":"Deccan Herald, 26 September 2026: AI camera mistakes guitar for pillion rider in Bengaluru, issues Rs 500 helmet fine","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-02T03:15:02.220118+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-02T03:15:02.220118+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["automated-enforcement","traffic-camera","misclassification","e-challan","public-services","bengaluru","karnataka","india","made-decision-about"]},{"id":"2026-bengaluru-based-employer-reports-firing-cook-after-home-ai-kitchen-monitor-flagged-fruit-taken","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"it monitors the kitchen when she's cooking and pings me the moment she takes anything. sends me weekly report.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"fn, using claude haiku 4.5 as the vision model.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"btw i run face detection locally and blur it before hitting llm","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"9:53 AM · Mar 1, 2026","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"the blurred video is fed into a vision AI model (currently Claude Haiku 4.5","relation":"context","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"a surveillance camera placed on top of a cupboard.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In an X post dated 1 March 2026 the employer said he had deployed an \"AI roommate\" in his kitchen: a camera feeding an AI vision model (Claude Haiku 4.5 according to the post, with faces detected and blurred locally first) that monitors the kitchen while the cook works, alerts him when she takes anything and sends weekly reports.","causal_attribution":"The employer describes his own system. No independent source inspected the setup and the post carries no video of the alleged taking."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"3 apples gone, banana from Tuesday missing, caught her eating your blueberries on Thursday — 6-7 of them, standing at the fridge","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"A screenshot of his exchange with the AI chatbot shows that it not only kept track of the fruits she took for herself but also how often she washed her hands before cooking, how thoroughly she cleaned the kitchen, and how long she took to cook.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"It tracked how frequently she washed her hands before preparing meals, assessed how thoroughly she cleaned surfaces, and recorded the duration of her cooking sessions.","relation":"context","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Screenshots of the bot's chat quoted by Hindustan Times show it reporting a weekly tally of apples and a banana as gone, the cook eating blueberries at the fridge, and observations on hand-washing and cleaning.","causal_attribution":"The screenshots are the employer's. Whether the bot's log was accurate (for example whether the fruit was taken without permission) is not independently verified."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"and it caught her red handed","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"I caught her twice this week. just fired her","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"“I caught her twice this week. Just fired her,” he said","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"stated that he dismissed the cook after reviewing the footage gathered by the system","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"the Bengaluru techie said he had fired his cook for stealing.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The employer said the system caught the cook red handed taking fruit, that he caught her twice that week, and that he had just fired her.","causal_attribution":"The employer attributes the dismissal to what the monitor logged. The dismissal is reported only on the employer's own account and the cook's account is not reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"“I confronted her twice before setting this up. After two weeks, she was back to the same thing. I’m okay with her taking food with my permission, but stealing is a no.”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"“I put this up a couple of weeks ago.","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"In replies the employer said he had confronted the cook twice before setting up the system and would accept her taking food with his permission.","causal_attribution":"The employer's own explanation of his decision, quoted by India Today."}],"effects":[{"label":"Domestic cook dismissed by the employer after the home AI kitchen monitor's alerts, on the employer's own account","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://x.com/the2ndfloorguy/status/2028045991832690828","kind":"first_person_account","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"employer-x-post-2026-03-01"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/bengaluru-techie-uses-ai-to-monitor-cook-fires-her-for-stealing-fruit-caught-her-red-handed-101772419493861.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"employer-x-post-2026-03-01"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/bengaluru-techie-fires-his-cook-after-his-ai-roommate-caught-her-stealing-fruits-from-fridge-netizens-react-its-not-the-brag-/articleshow/128958235.cms","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"employer-x-post-2026-03-01"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/bengaluru-techie-pankaj-ai-roommate-helps-him-catch-cook-stealing-fruits-red-handed-2876429-2026-03-02","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"employer-x-post-2026-03-01"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy"],"unknowns":["The cook's account, and whether she disputes the alleged taking, is not reported by any inspected source.","Whether the cook knew of or agreed to the camera is not stated. The employer's replies imply she could see it and initially behaved carefully, which is unverified.","The exact day of the dismissal is not stated. The employer posted on 1 March 2026 that he had just fired her.","Whether the bot's log was accurate, or whether the fruit was taken without permission, is unverified. The post carries no video of the alleged taking.","The cook's pay appears only in the bot's own weekly summary as shown in a screenshot and is not independently sourced, so it is not recorded as a fact.","The Financial Express article listed by AIAAIC returned HTTP 403 and no archive copy was found, so it was not read. Hindustan Times said it had asked the employer for comment and no response was inspected.","No source reports later developments (re-employment, a complaint by the cook, or a labour-authority response) after 3 March 2026."],"geography":{"basis":"Hindustan Times, Economic Times and India Today describe the employer as Bengaluru-based. The sources do not separately state where the kitchen is.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"The employer's X post (as displayed on the post page) and the Hindustan Times, Economic Times and India Today coverage were read. All four derive from the employer's post and screenshots and are one independence group. The dismissal and the bot's role are the employer's own account and stay at reported. The cook is not named and the employer is described by role only. The employer's handle and first name appear only inside source URLs (the X post and India Today).","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The employer's post says an AI system built on Claude Haiku 4.5 as the vision model monitored his kitchen, flagged fruit taken and produced weekly reports, and that he fired the cook after it caught her. Hindustan Times quotes screenshots of the bot's output. According to the employer the dismissal followed the bot's alerts, and the decision was the employer's. No independent source verified the bot's logs or the alleged taking, and the employer's account is the only source for the dismissal.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"India: Bengaluru-based employer says he fired his cook after a home AI kitchen monitor flagged fruit taken","summary":"On 1 March 2026 a Bengaluru-based technology professional posted on X that he had deployed a home \"AI roommate\" (a kitchen camera with an AI vision model, which he said was Claude Haiku 4.5) that monitored his cook while she cooked, alerted him when she took anything and sent weekly reports. The post said the system \"caught her red handed\", that he \"caught her twice this week\" and that he had \"just fired\" her. Screenshots quoted by Hindustan Times show the bot listing apples and a banana as gone, reporting the cook eating blueberries, and giving hand-washing and cleaning observations. All coverage derives from the employer's post: the post carries no video, the cook's account is not reported and the alleged taking is unverified.","incidentDate":"2026-03-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-03-01","aiSystem":"Home kitchen monitoring bot ('AI roommate') built by the employer: kitchen camera, local face blurring and Claude Haiku 4.5 as the vision model (per the employer)","aiProduct":"AI roommate kitchen monitor (reported)","aiCompany":"Anthropic (model provider, per the employer). The employer built the system.","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The employer said in his own post that he fired the cook after the AI monitor flagged her taking fruit. The cook's account, the terms of the dismissal and any financial effect are not reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The employer's post and the coverage refer to one cook who was dismissed and name no other affected person. The count rests on the employer's own account.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","platformType":"other","primarySourceUrl":"https://x.com/the2ndfloorguy/status/2028045991832690828","primarySourceLabel":"Employer's X post (1 Mar 2026)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T21:15:59.571694+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:26.637589+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2026"]},{"id":"2026-delhi-police-facial-recognition-jantar-mantar-list-25-in-jail","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to the police affidavit submitted on August 17, its FRS identified individuals with criminal records at the protest site'; 'It said that 2,402 people were identified by the Delhi Police'; 'and 471 through criminal records.'; 'No actions are taken solely based upon the result of the facial recognition system which is only the first step to identify a person in the crowd who has a criminal record.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'According to the Delhi Police affidavit, 2,402 people were identified through its biometric database, Crime Kundli, while another 471 were identified through criminal records.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The Delhi Police's affidavit of August 17, 2026 told the Supreme Court that 2,873 persons with criminal records had been spotted by the FRS at the protest site.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"In an affidavit of 17 August 2026 before the Supreme Court, Delhi Police said its Facial Recognition System had identified 2,873 people with criminal antecedents at the Jantar Mantar protest site between 20 and 26 July 2026, 2,402 through its 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and 471 through criminal records, and that no action is taken solely on an FRS result before field verification.","causal_attribution":"The affidavit as quoted by The Indian Express and relayed by Outlook and IFF; not inspected directly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'An investigation of those with serious charges, murder, attempted murder and rape, and child abuse, shows that at least 25 people on the list, identified by the Facial Recognition System (FRS) at Jantar Mantar, were in jail as per police, jail and court records.'; 'In this group, 17 faced charges of murder; four of rape, including two in POCSO cases; and four more of attempt to murder were lodged in Delhi'; 'Court and jail records for all 25 show custody dates precede the protest'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'At least 25 of the 2,873 people identified by Delhi Police'; 'were already in jail when they were flagged, an investigation of police, prison and court records by The Indian Express has found.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Three were \"identified\" on July 24, twenty-one on July 25 and one on July 26, each with a timestamp.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"At least 25 of the 205 listed people facing murder, rape, POCSO or attempted-murder charges were in Tihar, Mandoli or Rohini jails when the FRS logged them at Jantar Mantar (17 murder, four rape of which the Express's narrative counts two and its itemised list three as POCSO cases, four attempted murder), with timestamps on 24, 25 and 26 July 2026 and custody dates that in some cases precede the protest by years.","causal_attribution":"The Indian Express's own check of police, prison and court records (one chain, relayed by Outlook and IFF); the Delhi Police response did not address the 25 cases."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'On Tuesday, when the Supreme Court quashed all FIRs related to the exam leak protests by students, it let the government proceed against the 2,873 people who the Delhi Police claimed had criminal records'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Delhi Police was given permission to register one fresh FIR concerning 2,873 people alleged to have serious criminal antecedents and initially reported to have been present at Jantar Mantar.'; 'The Court did not find that the 2,873 were present, had qualifying criminal records or committed violence.'; 'the order prescribed no method or express requirement that checks precede arrest or other action'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'On September 1, 2026, a Bench headed by the Chief Justice of India, invoking Article 142, quashed all FIRs registered against students who participated in the July protests'; 'while directing that this should not prejudice their rights and that they must be given every opportunity to defend themselves'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 1 September 2026 the Supreme Court quashed the FIRs against the student protesters but permitted Delhi Police to register a fresh FIR concerning the 2,873 persons with alleged serious antecedents, directing that this should not prejudice their rights, and without a finding that they were present; the undertaking that action would follow field verification is the police's own, and The Federal notes the order prescribed no such requirement.","causal_attribution":"The order as described by the three outlets; not inspected directly."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Responding on Monday to a questionnaire from the Express, the Delhi Police said:'; 'During the protests, 2873 individuals identified as prima facie having criminal antecedents were spotted. However, further verification in this regard is pending.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'In its response to the Express, the Delhi Police did not address the 25 cases'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Responding to The Indian Express, Delhi Police said the 2,873 individuals had been spotted as prima facie having criminal antecedents and that further verification was pending; the response did not address the 25 cases.","causal_attribution":"Police statement as quoted by the Express."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In response to a Right to Information (RTI) request in 2022, the police had revealed that it considered a match to be'; 'if its system showed an accuracy rate of 80 per cent.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the Delhi Police disclosed that it treats any match with a similarity score above 80% as \"positive\"'; 'extracted in 2022 only after a Second Appeal before the Central Information Commission'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Delhi Police disclosed in 2022, in reply to Right to Information requests, that it treats a facial-recognition match with an 80 per cent similarity or accuracy score as positive.","causal_attribution":"Delhi Police's 2022 RTI replies as described by IFF, which obtained them, and by The Indian Express, which IFF says relies on the same disclosures; one chain. The reply itself was not inspected. IE describes the threshold as an accuracy rate of 80 per cent and IFF as a similarity score above 80 per cent."}],"effects":[{"label":"at least 25 people in judicial custody were logged by the police facial-recognition system as present at a protest and listed in a sworn affidavit of persons with criminal antecedents against whom a fresh FIR and field verification were permitted","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/delhi-police-facial-recognition-jantar-mantar-protest-accused-in-jail-10862099/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-24 from an Internet Archive capture of 15 September 2026 (web.archive.org/web/20260915075622id_/...); the live page returns 403 to this host. Express Investigation of 4 September 2026 with the list of the 25 and the police response.","independence_group":"indian-express-investigation"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.outlookindia.com/national/jantar-mantar-protest-25-people-flagged-by-facial-recognition-were-in-jail-records-show","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (Outlook India, 4 September 2026): relays the Express findings and the affidavit figures; same chain.","independence_group":"indian-express-investigation"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://internetfreedom.in/delhi-polices-facial-recognition-flagged-25-jailed-people-at-jantar-mantar-this-dragnet-must-end/","kind":"other","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (Internet Freedom Foundation, Apar Gupta, 4 September 2026): advocacy analysis that relays the Express findings (same chain for the 25) and adds IFF's own 2022 RTI replies on the 80 per cent threshold, its 24 July 2026 representation and RTI applications.","independence_group":"iff-own-rti"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://thefederal.com/the-federal-special/one-protest-two-probes-why-the-2873-person-fir-raises-questions-255688","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (The Federal, 4 September 2026): analysis of the Supreme Court order and the affidavit relying on the Express report; same chain.","independence_group":"indian-express-investigation"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice","public_services","privacy"],"unknowns":["Whether any of the 25 has been named in the fresh FIR, visited for field verification or otherwise acted against.","Whether the 25 (or the other 2,848 listed people) have been told they are on the list.","How many of the remaining 2,668 entries would fail the same check; the Express examined only the 205 most serious.","The vendor, algorithm and threshold actually applied at Jantar Mantar in July 2026.","The full text of the 17 August affidavit and the 1 September order (described as quoted).","Whether two or three of the four rape accused are POCSO cases: The Indian Express's narrative says two, its itemised list says three.","The protest window: The Indian Express and Outlook give 20 to 26 July; The Federal gives 20 to 25 July."],"geography":{"basis":"The protests and the facial-recognition deployment were at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi; the 25 were in Delhi's Tihar, Mandoli and Rohini prisons; the affidavit and order are in the Supreme Court of India (The Indian Express, IFF, The Federal).","court_countries":["IN"],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a contextual case in which an AI system made a consequential claim about identifiable people: a police facial-recognition system placed at least 25 people who were in prison at a protest, on a sworn list that the Supreme Court permitted police to act on. The finding rests on The Indian Express's records investigation (one chain, relayed by Outlook, IFF and The Federal) with the affidavit and order described as quoted; the 80 per cent threshold rests on IFF's 2022 RTI replies, which IFF says the Express also relies on. The listed people are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Delhi Police's own affidavit, as quoted by The Indian Express, attributes the 2,873 identifications to its Facial Recognition System matching faces against the 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and criminal records; the Express's records check shows the system logged at least 25 people who were in custody. The affidavit was not inspected directly.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Delhi: the police facial-recognition system logged at least 25 people who were in Tihar, Mandoli or Rohini jails as present at the Jantar Mantar student protests (20 to 26 July 2026), with timestamps on 24 to 26 July, on a sworn list of 2,873 persons with 'criminal antecedents' that the Supreme Court allowed police to register a fresh FIR against (Indian Express investigation, 4 September 2026)","summary":"In an affidavit of 17 August 2026 before the Supreme Court of India, Delhi Police said its Facial Recognition System (FRS) had identified 2,873 people with criminal antecedents at the Jantar Mantar protests of 20 to 26 July 2026 (2,402 through its 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and 471 through other criminal records). On 1 September the Court quashed the FIRs against the student protesters but let the police proceed against the 2,873; the police say any action will follow field verification. The Indian Express checked the 205 listed people facing murder, attempted-murder, rape or child-sexual-offence charges against police, prison and court records and found that at least 25 of them (17 accused of murder, four of rape (two or three under POCSO; the Express's narrative and its list differ), four of attempted murder) were lodged in Delhi's Tihar, Mandoli or Rohini prisons when the system logged them at the protest site with timestamps on 24, 25 and 26 July; some had been in custody for years. Delhi Police told the newspaper that further verification of the 2,873 was pending and, in its affidavit, that no action is taken solely on a facial-recognition result and that field verification follows each match. The police disclosed in 2022, in reply to a Right to Information request, that it treats a match with an 80 per cent similarity score as positive. Whether any of the 25 has since been named in the fresh FIR or visited for verification is not reported.","incidentDate":"2026-07-24","incidentEndDate":"2026-07-26","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-04","aiSystem":"Delhi Police Facial Recognition System (FRS): face-matching software run on protest footage against the police 'Crime Kundli' biometric database and other criminal records; the vendor and algorithm are not identified in the inspected reporting","aiProduct":"Unidentified facial recognition system","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"At least 25 people in judicial custody were recorded by the police facial-recognition system as present at a protest they could not have attended and were placed, in a sworn affidavit before the Supreme Court, on a list of 2,873 persons with criminal antecedents against whom the Court permitted a fresh FIR and police field verification; The Indian Express reports the misidentifications and the Internet Freedom Foundation describes the exposure to verification visits and prosecution as the harm. No arrest, FIR entry or verification visit of any of the 25 is reported in the inspected sources.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":25,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The Indian Express states 'at least 25 people on the list' were in jail when logged, and lists them (17 murder, four rape, four attempted murder). The other 2,668 entries were not checked, so the count is a documented minimum of 25.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/delhi-police-facial-recognition-jantar-mantar-protest-accused-in-jail-10862099/","primarySourceLabel":"The Indian Express, 4 September 2026: Police say cameras 'caught' murder, rape accused at CJP protest - some were actually in jail (Express Investigation)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-24T03:46:45.247544+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:35.08761+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["facial-recognition","india","delhi","protest-surveillance","supreme-court","police","false-match","made-claim-about","jantar-mantar"]}]}