{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T15:25:43.570Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "impersonation", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "regulatory", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 8, "coverage": { "cases": 8, "countries": 7, "languages": 5, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 1, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 8, "minors": 1, "coreRelations": 7, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 1, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 1 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-picos-piaui-ai-voice-clone-uncle-car-purchase-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Os golpistas utilizaram foto e áudios com voz clonada por inteligência artificial para se passar pelo tio'; 'iniciou negociação na segunda-feira (10), após encontrar um anúncio na internet com venda em Fortaleza (CE)'; 'Eles usaram a foto do familiar do influenciador e enviaram áudios que imitavam a voz dele'; 'usando algum tipo de inteligência artificial e a voz idêntica'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "On 10-11 August 2026 fraudsters contacted the influencer from a different number using his uncle's photo and sent audios imitating the uncle's voice, generated with AI, to pose as the uncle who was supposed to inspect a car advertised for sale in Fortaleza.", "causal_attribution": "Victim's account as reported by G1." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'perdeu mais de R$ 56 mil ao cair em um golpe durante a compra de um carro'; 'o golpista afirmou que o carro estava em boas condições e o orientou a realizar a transferência bancária'; 'entrou em contato com o número verdadeiro do tio descobriu que havia sido vítima de um golpe. O prejuízo ultrapassou R$ 56 mil'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Believing the audios came from his uncle, he made the bank transfer; the loss exceeded R$56,000, and he discovered the fraud when he called the uncle's real number.", "causal_attribution": "Victim's account; the loss is attributed to the fraudsters." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Um boletim de ocorrência foi registrado na terça-feira (11) e o caso é investigado pela Delegacia Especializada em Crimes contra o Patrimônio (Depatri)'; 'também tenta, junto aos bancos, o reembolso do valor pago'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "A police report was registered on Tuesday 11 August 2026; the case is under investigation by Depatri; the victim is seeking reimbursement from the banks.", "causal_attribution": "G1 report; the police unit had not responded to G1." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a bank transfer of more than R$56,000 lost after audios in a relative's AI-cloned voice 'confirmed' the purchase", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2026/08/13/influenciador-golpe-com-voz-clonada.ghtml", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "pt", "translation_note": "Read live in Portuguese on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200). Based on the victim's social-media account and an interview with G1; quotations translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "g1-piaui-2026-08-13" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "The voice-cloning tool is not identified and no police or technical confirmation of the AI element is reported.", "The exact amount beyond 'more than R$56,000' and whether any money was recovered are not stated.", "Whether the uncle's number or accounts were compromised, or how the fraudsters obtained his photo and voice, is not reported.", "No later coverage of the investigation was found.", "An embedded video title on the G1 page gives the loss as R$ 50 mil; the article text says more than R$ 56 mil, which this record follows." ], "geography": { "basis": "Victim in Picos, Piauí; the car was advertised in Fortaleza, Ceará, where the impersonated uncle lives; police report with the Piauí Depatri (G1 Piauí). No court proceeding.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "BR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "BR" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a concrete financial loss reported by the victim in a public account and a registered police report. One source (G1 Piauí) read in full; claims recorded as reported and attributed. The victim is a public influencer who reported the case under his own name; he is not named in this record.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The victim states that the fraudsters sent audios imitating his uncle's voice 'usando algum tipo de inteligência artificial e a voz idêntica' together with the uncle's photo; G1 reports this as his account. No police or technical confirmation of the AI element is reported and the tool is unknown.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Picos, Piauí, Brazil: a digital influencer lost more than R$56,000 when fraudsters sent him audio messages in his uncle's AI-cloned voice 'confirming' a car he was buying in Fortaleza", "summary": "On Monday 10 August 2026 a digital influencer from Picos, in the centre-south of Piauí, began negotiating a car advertised online for sale in Fortaleza (Ceará), where an uncle of his lives, and asked the sellers to take the car to the uncle so he could inspect it. On Tuesday 11 August a contact using a different number but the uncle's photo sent him audio messages in a voice identical to his uncle's, generated with artificial intelligence, saying the car was in good condition and telling him to make the bank transfer. Believing he was speaking to his uncle, he transferred the money; when he then called the uncle's real number he learned he had been defrauded. The loss exceeded R$56,000, money he says he had saved for years. He registered a police report on 11 August; the Piauí property-crimes unit (Depatri) is investigating and he is seeking a refund from the banks. The account is the victim's own, reported by G1 Piauí on 13 August 2026 from his social-media posts and an interview; the police unit did not respond to G1 before publication.", "incidentDate": "2026-08-11", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-08-13", "aiSystem": "AI voice cloning (tool not identified)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One person lost more than R$56,000 in a bank transfer made after receiving audios in his uncle's cloned voice; the victim attributes the persuasion to AI voice cloning and the loss to the fraudsters.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One victim who made the transfer (G1 Piauí). No loss is reported for the uncle whose photo and voice were imitated, so he is not counted. Exact 1.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "BR", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2026/08/13/influenciador-golpe-com-voz-clonada.ghtml", "primarySourceLabel": "G1 Piauí, 13 August 2026: Influenciador do PI perde R$ 56 mil em golpe com voz clonada por IA durante compra de carro", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:28:14.49159+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "voice-cloning", "impersonation", "car-purchase-fraud", "brazil", "piaui", "financial-loss", "first-person-account" ] }, { "id": "2026-hudsonville-michigan-ai-voice-clone-closing-wire-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"the four-bedroom, $460,000 condo in the nearby suburb of Hudsonville checked every box\"; \"But on May 19 this year, days before closing, they got a startling email. To keep the closing on schedule, it said, the couple needed to wire $66,026.92 to a specified bank account within 24 hours to cover a down payment and closing costs\"; \"received a call to confirm the instructions, and the voice on the phone sounded just like their loan officer\"; \"The couple wired the money.\"; \"The closing was canceled hours before the couple was scheduled to sign the final paperwork\"; \"the couple instead rushed to borrow money from family and other sources\"; \"had two extra letters: UnitedsMortgages, instead of UnitedMortgage\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"必須在24小時內把頭期款與交屋費用共計6萬6026.92元匯到指定銀行帳戶\"; \"收到一封緊急電郵，結果因此損失6萬多元\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "On 19 May 2026, days before closing on a US$460,000 condo in Hudsonville, Michigan, the couple received an email demanding a US$66,026.92 wire within 24 hours from an address with two extra letters and listing a phone number two digits off their loan officer's; the husband then received a call confirming the instructions in a voice that sounded just like the loan officer; the couple borrowed from family and wired the money, which was gone by the time the real loan officer's statement arrived the day before closing, and the closing was cancelled.", "causal_attribution": "The couple's account to CNN; the World Journal item relays CNN." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"ensnared in a sophisticated real estate scam that uses suspected AI voice cloning and fake emails to target homebuyers in the frantic days before closing\"; \"The 64-year-old said he now believes the phone call that followed the emails was from a spoofed number and used AI-assisted voice cloning\"; \"home-buying process was compromised\"; \"likely took snippets of the loan officer\"; \"Neither the company nor the loan officer have been accused of any complicity in the scam\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"詐騙份子利用AI語音複製與偽造電郵\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The husband believes the call came from a spoofed number using AI-assisted voice cloning; CertifID's co-founder, working with the couple and federal officials, said someone's email in the transaction was likely compromised and that the scammers likely cloned the loan officer's voice from his social-media posts; CNN describes the fraud as using 'suspected AI voice cloning'.", "causal_attribution": "Attribution by the victim and a fraud-prevention firm involved in the case; no forensic confirmation is published." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"They eventually got money from their mutual fund and completed the home purchase in early June\"; \"Internet Crime Complaint Center, the agency\"; \"wired the money to has since closed, the couple said\"; \"We are just very apprehensive\"; \"Do we need to work a little bit longer?\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"終於在6月初完成購屋手續。他們已向FBI「網際網路犯罪申訴中心」(Internet Crime Complaint Center)報案\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The couple later completed the purchase in early June 2026 from their mutual fund, filed a report with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center, and say the receiving account has closed; they describe apprehension and discussions about delaying retirement.", "causal_attribution": "The couple's account to CNN." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a couple wired US$66,026.92 to scammers after a spoofed email and a call in a voice resembling their loan officer; closing cancelled, money not recovered", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/15/us/homebuyers-voice-cloning-scam", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (CNN, Faith Karimi, published 15 Sep 2026, updated the same day). Interviews with the couple, CertifID's Tyler Adams and the National Association of Realtors; FBI figures; lender's counsel comment.", "independence_group": "cnn" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121469/9231485", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Traditional Chinese on 2026-09-16 and re-read on 2026-09-19 (World Journal, 15 Sep 2026): a relay of CNN's report, so it does not corroborate it; translation by the reviewer. Cited for the exact amount and the June completion of the purchase as reported in Chinese.", "independence_group": "cnn" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "Whether the call in fact used AI voice cloning; no forensic finding is reported.", "Whose email account was compromised and how the scammers obtained the transaction details.", "Whether any funds have been recovered or suspects identified.", "The exact loss after any recovery; CNN reports the wired amount and that the money was gone." ], "geography": { "basis": "Hudsonville, a suburb of Grand Rapids, Michigan, per CNN's report and photographs; the couple live there. No court proceeding; an FBI IC3 report was filed.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a concrete, quantified consequence: a couple lost US$66,026.92 after a call in a voice resembling their loan officer that they and a fraud-prevention firm attribute to AI voice cloning. One original report (CNN) and one relay read; AI involvement recorded as suspected; the couple are not named in this record.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "CNN describes 'suspected AI voice cloning'; the husband believes the confirming call used AI-assisted voice cloning from a spoofed number, and CertifID's co-founder, who is working on the case, says the scammers likely cloned the loan officer's voice from social-media clips. No technical confirmation is published. If the attribution is right, the AI impersonated a third party (the loan officer) in a live call with the victim; the email side of the fraud is ordinary spoofing.", "status": "suspected" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated", "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "Hudsonville (Grand Rapids area), Michigan: a couple wired US$66,026.92 to scammers after a spoofed email and a phone call in what sounded like their loan officer's voice, which they and a fraud-prevention firm attribute to AI voice cloning", "summary": "A married couple in their sixties buying a US$460,000 condo in Hudsonville, near Grand Rapids, Michigan, received an email on 19 May 2026, days before closing, telling them to wire US$66,026.92 for the down payment and closing costs within 24 hours. The email listed a phone number differing from their loan officer's by two digits, and the husband then received a call confirming the instructions in a voice that sounded just like the loan officer. The couple borrowed from family and other sources and wired the money. The day before closing their real loan officer sent the actual statement; the closing was cancelled hours before signing and the money was gone. The husband now believes the call came from a spoofed number using AI-assisted voice cloning; Tyler Adams of CertifID, which is working with the couple and federal officials, said someone's email in the transaction was probably compromised and that the scammers likely cloned the loan officer's voice from social-media clips. The sender's address had two extra letters ('UnitedsMortgages' instead of 'UnitedMortgage'). Neither the lender nor the loan officer is accused of complicity. The couple later completed the purchase in early June from their mutual fund, reported the loss to the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center, and describe lasting apprehension and have discussed delaying retirement. CNN reported the case on 15 September 2026; the account the money went to has since closed.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-19", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-09-15", "aiSystem": "Suspected AI voice cloning of a mortgage loan officer, combined with a spoofed phone number and a look-alike email domain (tool not identified; attribution by the victims and CertifID)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "unverified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A couple wired US$66,026.92, partly borrowed from family, to a fraudulent account after a spoofed email and a call in what sounded like their loan officer's voice; the money was not recovered as of CNN's report, their closing was cancelled and later completed from savings, and they describe lasting apprehension and have discussed working longer before retiring.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 2, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "CNN describes one married couple who wired the funds and bore the loss. Exact count of two.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/15/us/homebuyers-voice-cloning-scam", "primarySourceLabel": "CNN, 15 Sep 2026: 'We both missed the signs:' How two homebuyers lost $66,000 in a suspected voice-cloning scam", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:50.137088+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "voice-cloning", "impersonation", "wire-fraud", "real-estate-scam", "mortgage-closing", "united-states", "michigan", "financial-loss", "ic3" ] }, { "id": "2026-kazakhstan-deepfake-celebrity-trading-fraud-series", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"Только за последние полтора месяца по стране было зарегистрировано 119 таких фактов\"; \"создают дипфейк-видео со знаменитостями и фейковые ИИ-платформы, обещающие сверхвысокий пассивный доход\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"В Казахстане за последние полтора месяца зарегистрировали 119 случаев мошенничества под видом трейдинга с использованием дипфейков, сообщили в Генеральной прокуратуре\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "\"По информации Генпрокуратуры, только за последние полтора месяца по стране зарегистрировано 119 таких фактов\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "\"Только за последние полтора месяца в стране зарегистрировали 119 фактов мошенничества\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "The Prosecutor General's Office said that in the previous one and a half months 119 cases of fraud had been registered in Kazakhstan in a scheme that lures victims through social-media deepfake videos of celebrities and fake 'AI' investment platforms (named examples: 'Kaspi AI' with Mikhail Lomtadze, 'Quantum AI' with Elon Musk, 'TON' with Pavel Durov, 'people's investments' fronted by television news presenters).", "causal_attribution": "Single official statement relayed by five outlets; the 119 figure is a count of registered cases, and the deepfake description is the office's characterisation of the scheme." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "\"В сентябре текущего года жительница Талдыкоргана обратилась с заявлением по факту мошенничества в особо крупном размере\"; \"перевела на счета 3-их лиц более 7 млн\"; \"По указанному факту проводится досудебное расследование\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "\"Одной из жертв мошенников стала жительница Талдыкоргана\"; \"Перечисленные ею деньги и якобы дивиденды отображались в фейковом кошельке, однако возможность их обналичить мошенники не предоставили. По указанному факту проводится досудебное расследование\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "\"Более 7 млн тенге перевела злоумышленникам жительница Талдыкоргана, поверив в рекламу о сверхприбыли от трейдинга\"; \"Вывести средства женщина не смогла\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "\"она перевела на счета третьих лиц более 7 млн тенге\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "In September 2026 a woman from Taldykorgan reported large-scale fraud: after an Instagram advertisement offering super-profits from share trading she left her details, was contacted by the fraudsters and on their instructions transferred more than 7 million tenge to third-party accounts; the money and supposed dividends showed in a fake wallet she could not cash out; a pre-trial investigation is under way.", "causal_attribution": "The office's account of one registered case, given as an example of the scheme; whether the advertisement she saw was a deepfake video is not stated." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a woman lost more than 7 million tenge; 119 registered cases of deepfake-fronted trading fraud in about six weeks", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://kazpravda.kz/n/dipfeyki-maska-durova-i-lomtadze-kazahstancev-obmanyvayut-pod-vidom-treydinga/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-19 (Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, Dana Amenova, 16 Sep 2026), citing the Prosecutor General's press service; quotations in this record are the reviewer's translations from the Russian body.", "independence_group": "kz-prosecutor-general" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://informburo.kz/novosti/dipfeiki-ilona-maska-i-pavla-durova-119-slucaev-mosennicestva-s-treidingom-zaregistrirovali-v-kazaxstane", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-19 (Informburo.kz, 16 Sep 2026). Same Prosecutor General statement, with the office's quoted description of the Taldykorgan case.", "independence_group": "kz-prosecutor-general" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/kazahstanka-lishilas-7-millionov-tenge-reklamyi-instagram-608643/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-19 (Tengrinews, 16 Sep 2026). Same statement; carries the office's quoted sentence on the fake wallet and the pre-trial investigation.", "independence_group": "kz-prosecutor-general" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://kazlenta.kz/120453-moshennichestvo-pod-vidom-treydinga-genprokuratura-obratilas-k-kazahstancam.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-19 (Kazlenta.kz, 16 Sep 2026, the earliest report found). Same statement.", "independence_group": "kz-prosecutor-general" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://kz.kursiv.media/2026-09-16/ezif-lomtadze-mask-i-durov-daryat-milliony-kak-kazahstancev-zamanivayut-v-lzheinvesticii/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "ru", "translation_note": "Read in Russian on 2026-09-19 (Kursiv Media, 16 Sep 2026). Same statement.", "independence_group": "kz-prosecutor-general" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "Whether the Instagram advertisement seen by the Taldykorgan woman was itself a deepfake video or a fake 'AI platform' page.", "The number of victims and total losses across the 119 registered cases; the exact period ('the last one and a half months' before mid-September 2026).", "Whether any suspects have been identified or funds recovered.", "The Prosecutor General's original release text was not reached (gov.kz is JavaScript-only to this host); the record relies on five press relays of the press service." ], "geography": { "basis": "Nationwide registrations in Kazakhstan per the Prosecutor General's Office; the identified victim lives in Taldykorgan (Zhetysu region). No court proceeding reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "KZ" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KZ" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud series with an official source: the Prosecutor General's Office reports 119 registered cases in about six weeks lured by deepfake celebrity videos and fake 'AI' platforms, and one identified anonymous victim who lost more than 7 million tenge. Five Russian-language bodies read, all relaying one official statement (claims reported); person count kept to the one identified victim plus unquantified others.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Prosecutor General's Office describes the scheme's lure as deepfake videos of celebrities and fake 'AI' platforms placed on social networks; no technical verification is published, and the statement does not say whether the Taldykorgan woman's Instagram advertisement was itself a deepfake. The AI artifacts depicted and impersonated public figures; the victims' dealings were with human fraudsters.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Kazakhstan: the Prosecutor General's Office reported 119 trading-fraud cases registered in about six weeks, lured by deepfake videos of Elon Musk, Pavel Durov and other public figures and fake 'AI' platforms; a Taldykorgan woman transferred more than 7 million tenge", "summary": "On 16 September 2026 the Prosecutor General's Office of Kazakhstan warned of an investment-fraud scheme in which criminals advertise non-existent projects on TikTok, Instagram, YouTube and other platforms using deepfake videos of well-known people and fake 'AI' investment platforms promising very high passive income: 'Kaspi AI' with Mikhail Lomtadze, 'Quantum AI' with Elon Musk, 'TON' with Pavel Durov, and 'people's investments' in KazMunayGas or Gazprom fronted by news presenters from Khabar 24, KTK and Channel One. The office said 119 such cases had been registered across the country in the previous one and a half months. Its example: in September 2026 a woman from Taldykorgan saw an Instagram advertisement offering high returns from share trading, left her details through the link, was contacted by the fraudsters and, following their instructions, transferred more than 7 million tenge to third-party accounts; the money and supposed dividends appeared in a fake wallet that she could not withdraw from. A pre-trial investigation is under way. The office urged people not to trust guaranteed-return offers or transfer money to strangers.", "incidentDate": "2026-08-01", "incidentEndDate": "2026-09-16", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-16", "aiSystem": "Deepfake videos of public figures (Elon Musk, Pavel Durov, Mikhail Lomtadze, television news presenters) and fake 'AI' investment platforms ('Quantum AI', 'Kaspi AI'); generation tools not identified", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "unverified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A woman in Taldykorgan transferred more than 7 million tenge to fraudsters after an Instagram trading advertisement and could not withdraw the supposed returns; the Prosecutor General's Office registered 119 such fraud cases nationwide in about six weeks, in a scheme whose lure is deepfake celebrity videos and fake 'AI' platforms.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "One identified victim (the Taldykorgan woman, more than 7 million tenge). The 119 figure counts registered fraud cases ('фактов'), not people, so the remaining victims are unquantified. One counted plus unquantified others: partial.", "victimAgeRange": "unknown", "jurisdiction": "KZ", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://kazpravda.kz/n/dipfeyki-maska-durova-i-lomtadze-kazahstancev-obmanyvayut-pod-vidom-treydinga/", "primarySourceLabel": "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 16 Sep 2026: Deepfakes of Musk, Durov and Lomtadze: Kazakhstanis defrauded under the guise of trading (Prosecutor General's Office statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:45.310788+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "celebrity-impersonation", "investment-fraud", "trading-scam", "fake-ai-platform", "kazakhstan", "prosecutor-general", "financial-loss", "instagram" ] }, { "id": "2026-singapore-deepfake-zoom-pm-impersonation-funding-scam", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'A person lost at least $4.9 million after falling for a scam involving the impersonation of senior government officials'; 'received a WhatsApp message with a profile photo of Mr Wong Hong Kuan'; 'transferred the money through a series of transactions to a corporate bank account supplied by the scammers'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'He lost at least $4.9 million after believing that Prime Minister Lawrence Wong had sought his help'; 'the email was sent from a Proton Mail account'; 'invited to a Zoom video conference ... fabricated using deepfake artificial intelligence technology'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'In one case, a victim lost at least S$4.9 million (US$3.8 million) in what was claimed to be funding assistance related to the Strait of Hormuz'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "A businessman lost at least S$4.9 million after being approached by scammers posing as the Secretary to the Cabinet, signing an NDA, receiving a fake letter of guarantee with the Prime Minister's signature, attending a deepfake Zoom conference of government officials, and then transferring money in a series of transactions to a corporate account.", "causal_attribution": "Singapore Police Force advisory relayed by three outlets; single official chain." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'the speech did not synchronise with the speakers' lips'; 'the speech was broadcast via one account throughout the call'; 'end with a deepfake video of PM Wong delivering closing remarks, which included an acknowledgement of the victim's attendance'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Police obtained the footage of the fabricated Zoom conference depicting the Prime Minister, the President, Minister Indranee Rajah, MAS representatives and foreign officials, and identified deepfake indicators: speech out of sync with lips, audio broadcast from one account, and a distorted background and Zoom logo; the fake Prime Minister's closing remarks acknowledged the victim's attendance.", "causal_attribution": "Police statement on their own examination of the footage, reported by CNA." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a businessman lost at least S$4.9 million after a deepfake video conference of government officials and a fake letter of guarantee", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/impersonation-scam-fake-zoom-meeting-footage-lawrence-wong-tharman-indranee-police-6125691", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (CNA, 16 May 2026). Reports the police release of the fabricated Zoom footage, the participants depicted and the deepfake indicators.", "independence_group": "spf-advisory" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/victim-loses-at-least-4-9m-in-scam-involving-deepfakes-of-pm-wong-government-officials", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (Straits Times, 14 May 2026). Reports the SPF advisory: WhatsApp and proton.me approach, NDA, letter of guarantee, Zoom call, transfers, and the 9 May SIM-card charges.", "independence_group": "spf-advisory" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/police-spf-advisory-government-official-impersonation-scam-pm-lawrence-wong-funding-assistance-hormuz-49-million", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (AsiaOne, 13/14 May 2026). Same SPF advisory with screenshots of the WhatsApp and email approach.", "independence_group": "spf-advisory" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "public_services" ], "unknowns": [ "The victim's identity, business and the exact date of the transfers are not published (advisory 14 May 2026).", "No arrest for this loss or recovery of funds is reported.", "The deepfake tools used are not identified.", "Whether the victim has pursued civil recovery is unknown." ], "geography": { "basis": "Singapore Police Force advisory; the victim is described as a Singapore business professional who had dealt with government officials (Straits Times, CNA). No court proceeding for this loss is reported; the 9 May SIM-card charges concern earlier cases.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "SG" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "SG" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a large documented loss to one person, where the police examined and released the AI-generated footage. Three Singapore outlets read, all relaying SPF advisories; claims recorded as reported. Victim unnamed; impersonated officials are public figures.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Singapore Police Force obtained the Zoom footage and described specific deepfake indicators (speech out of sync with lips, audio broadcast from a single account, distorted background and logo). The AI content depicted and impersonated named officials, and the fabricated closing remarks were addressed to the victim, acknowledging his attendance, which is why communicated_with is also recorded.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with", "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Singapore: a businessman lost at least S$4.9 million after a deepfake Zoom 'briefing' with fabricated Prime Minister Lawrence Wong and other officials asked him for 'urgent funding assistance'", "summary": "In May 2026 the Singapore Police Force (SPF) reported that a man had lost at least S$4.9 million (about US$3.8 million) to a government-official impersonation scam. He received a WhatsApp message carrying the profile photo of Secretary to the Cabinet Wong Hong Kuan and an email from a proton.me address in that name, requesting urgent funding assistance for 'the situation in the Strait of Hormuz', with a fake 'letter of guarantee' bearing the Prime Minister's signature promising reimbursement within 15 business days; he signed a non-disclosure agreement and supplied a copy of his identity card. He was then invited to a Zoom video conference in which Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, President Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Minister Indranee Rajah, Monetary Authority of Singapore representatives and foreign officials appeared; all were fabricated with deepfake AI, and the closing 'remarks' by the fake Prime Minister acknowledged the victim's attendance. Contacted afterwards on WhatsApp by a scammer posing as a lawyer, he transferred the money in a series of transactions to a corporate bank account, and realised the fraud only when he contacted the real cabinet secretary. On 16 May the police released footage of the fake conference, noting lips out of sync with speech, audio broadcast from a single account and a distorted background.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-05-14", "aiSystem": "Deepfake AI video and audio fabricating Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, President Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Minister Indranee Rajah and other officials in a Zoom conference (tools not identified)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A businessman transferred at least S$4.9 million to scammers after a deepfake video conference fabricating the Prime Minister and other officials; the police documented the AI-generated footage.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Police describe a single victim who lost at least S$4.9 million. Exact count of one; the impersonated officials are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "SG", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/victim-loses-at-least-4-9m-in-scam-involving-deepfakes-of-pm-wong-government-officials", "primarySourceLabel": "The Straits Times, 14 May 2026: Victim loses at least $4.9m in scam involving deepfakes of PM Wong, government officials (Singapore Police Force advisory)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-18T03:25:14.306192+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "government-impersonation", "zoom", "video-conference", "fraud", "singapore", "financial-loss", "police-documented" ] }, { "id": "2026-northern-ireland-ai-celebrity-video-investment-scam", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'A person has lost £250,000 after falling victim to an AI-generated scam'; 'saw what appeared to be an AI-generated video featuring a well-known personality from the financial sector'; 'persuaded the victim in the Ards and north Down area to create multiple online accounts and gained remote access to their computer'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'a victim lost £250,000 in Ards and North Down'; 'encouraged to borrow money to continue investing'; 'further payments were required before money supposedly held in the investment could be released'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'the victim was encouraged to borrow money to continue investing. Funds were transferred to accounts controlled by the criminals'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "A person in the Ards and North Down area lost £250,000 to an investment fraud that began with an apparently AI-generated video of a well-known financial personality, progressed through WhatsApp contact, multiple new online accounts, remote access to the victim's computer and borrowing to invest, and ended with demands for further payments to release the funds.", "causal_attribution": "Single PSNI account relayed by three outlets; the AI-generated nature of the video is the police's description ('what appeared to be')." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "one person lost £250,000 (partly borrowed) to an investment fraud lured by an AI-generated celebrity video", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zkp8vx9jo", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 and 2026-09-18 (BBC News NI, Ben Lonsdale, 7 Sep 2026). Reports the PSNI statement and adds that BBC News NI has seen online scams using Martin Lewis, Peter Jones and Steven Bartlett; the PSNI did not confirm the personality.", "independence_group": "psni-statement" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.irishnews.com/news/northern-ireland/psni-urging-public-to-be-vigilant-after-sophisticated-investment-fraud-victim-looses-250000-IZL253VWX5BOLJN7ZKZ56RUYDY/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy (Irish News, 7 Sep 2026). Carries the full PSNI statement including the Inspector Youle and Superintendent Gibson quotations.", "independence_group": "psni-statement" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.farminglife.com/news/crime/warning-after-victim-loses-ps250000-in-ai-investment-scam-in-northern-ireland-8972844", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy (Farming Life, 7 Sep 2026). Same PSNI statement.", "independence_group": "psni-statement" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "The dates over which the fraud ran are not given.", "The impersonated personality and the AI tool are not identified.", "No arrest or recovery of funds is reported.", "The victim's age and circumstances are not described." ], "geography": { "basis": "The PSNI locates the victim in the Ards and North Down area of Northern Ireland (UK, recorded as GB). No court proceeding.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a concrete, police-reported consequence: one identified-but-anonymous person lost £250,000 after an AI-generated celebrity video lure. Three outlets read, all relaying one PSNI statement; claim status reported.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The PSNI says the fraud began with 'what appeared to be an AI-generated video' of a financial personality; no technical confirmation is published. The relation recorded is that the AI artifact depicted and impersonated a public figure to reach the victim; the victim's own dealings were with human fraudsters on WhatsApp.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Ards and North Down, Northern Ireland: a person lost £250,000 to an investment fraud that began with an AI-generated video of a well-known financial personality", "summary": "On 7 September 2026 the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) said a person in the Ards and North Down area had lost £250,000 in what it called a 'sophisticated and substantial' investment fraud. The victim first saw what appeared to be an AI-generated online video featuring a well-known personality from the financial sector promoting an investment with significant returns. After investing a small amount the victim was contacted on WhatsApp and encouraged to pay more, persuaded to open multiple online accounts, to allow the fraudsters remote access to a computer 'to assist with the investment', to borrow money to keep investing, and finally to make further payments to 'release' funds supposedly held in the investment. The PSNI did not name the personality; BBC News NI noted that fabricated endorsements of financial experts such as Martin Lewis, Peter Jones and Steven Bartlett circulate online.", "incidentKind": "ongoing_experience", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-07", "aiSystem": "AI-generated video impersonating a well-known financial personality (tool not identified; personality not named by police)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One person lost £250,000, including borrowed money, to an investment fraud that used an AI-generated video of a financial personality as its lure and progressed through WhatsApp grooming and remote computer access.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The PSNI describes a single victim who lost £250,000. Exact count of one.", "victimAgeRange": "unknown", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zkp8vx9jo", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News NI, 7 Sep 2026: Victim loses £250k after scammers use AI video of 'well-known' celebrity (PSNI statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-18T03:25:09.292712+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ai-generated-video", "celebrity-impersonation", "investment-fraud", "united-kingdom", "northern-ireland", "psni", "financial-loss" ] }, { "id": "2026-leal-ai-impersonation-immigration-scam", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'his image and name and even his voice have been cloned with artificial intelligence to deceive desperate immigrants'; 'fake contracts bearing his firm's logo, forged signatures, websites that mimic his site... entirely fabricated immigration hearings'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'criminals are creating fake videos using his image, voice and name'; the WhatsApp-to-Zelle/Venmo script.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'scammers have used AI to produce fake immigration hearings over Zoom to dupe immigrants'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Criminals used AI to clone Ángel Leal's image, name, voice, signature and firm logo, producing fake videos, look-alike websites, forged contracts and fabricated Zoom hearings that offered immigration services (residency, citizenship 'without an exam', work permits) he never provided.", "causal_attribution": "Leal's own account, carried by four independent outlets." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'some victims end up with deportation orders without having filed any real paperwork, believing their case was in progress'; payments via Zelle/Venmo/Cash App.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'It's gotten to the point where I literally have one to two people every day, all day, answering calls of people who have been defrauded or scammed'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "Leal describes the harm to 'other people's needs'; ABA/AILA describe victims paying scammers who impersonated lawyers.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Immigrants were defrauded of money paying for services Leal never provided, and some ended up with deportation orders believing their cases were in progress.", "causal_attribution": "Reported by Leal and immigration-lawyer groups; individual victims are not named and the total is not quantified." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'6,454 fake profiles linked to these scams have been taken down' since March.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'in June alone... they had taken down over 6,600 fake videos and profiles'; 'Leal has filed a report with the Doral Police Department.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Leal changed his phone number, hired an anti-piracy firm that removed thousands of fake profiles and videos (about 6,454 since March per NBC Miami; more than 6,600 by June per WLRN), and reported the fraud to Doral police and federal authorities.", "causal_attribution": "Leal and his anti-piracy vendor, as reported; the two removal figures cover different windows." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "attorney's identity cloned with AI and used to defraud immigrants; reputational harm and business disruption to him, financial and legal harm to victims", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/scammers-impersonate-immigration-lawyers-rcna348238", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-06-04). NBC News national report; Leal interview, FTC/FBI context, ABA and AILA comment.", "independence_group": "nbc" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/south-florida-immigration-lawyers-identity-cloned-with-artificial-intelligence/3817579/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-06-05). NBC6 South Florida; Leal interview, fake videos and WhatsApp/Zelle scheme; story translated from Spanish with an AI tool and editor-reviewed.", "independence_group": "nbcmiami" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/south-florida-immigration-attorney-says-ai-scammers-are-using-his-identity-to-target-immigrants/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 via the Internet Archive capture 20260728171300 (CBS live returns HTTP 406); datePublished 2026-06-09. CBS News Miami; Leal interview, the $2,200 residency-video scheme, ~6,500 profiles removed.", "independence_group": "cbsmiami" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.wlrn.org/immigration/2026-08-20/abogado-inmigracion-ai-scam-fraud", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-08-20). WLRN Public Media; Leal realised the problem last October, one to two defrauded callers a day, 6,600+ removals in June, fake Zoom hearings, Doral police report.", "independence_group": "wlrn" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "justice", "finance", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "No individual defrauded immigrant is named and the total amount lost is not established; the reported per-victim figure (about $4,820/$5,000) comes from a Latin Times headline not inspected in full.", "No arrests are reported and no defendant is identified.", "Whether the fabricated 'deportation orders' outcome affected specific named people is not established." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: South Florida (Doral/Miami); Leal practises there and reported to Doral police (WLRN, NBC Miami). Affected people are immigrants in South Florida. No court proceeding established.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an AI-impersonation case with real harm: a named attorney's likeness and voice were cloned to defraud immigrants, causing him reputational and business harm and causing victims financial and reported legal harm. Four independent chains, including his own on-camera interviews; victim count left partial because individual victims are unquantified.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-17" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Leal and multiple outlets state that his real videos were manipulated with AI to clone his face and voice; NBC News, NBC Miami, CBS Miami and WLRN carry his account, and an anti-piracy firm documented thousands of AI-generated fake profiles. The specific AI tools are not named.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Miami: scammers cloned immigration attorney Ángel Leal's face and voice with AI to defraud immigrants seeking legal help", "summary": "From around October 2025, criminals used AI to clone the image, voice, name, signature and firm logo of Ángel Leal, a long-established immigration attorney in Doral, Florida. They created fake videos, look-alike websites, forged contracts and even fabricated Zoom 'immigration hearings' to persuade immigrants to pay for legal services Leal never provided. Immigrants were defrauded of money, and some believed their cases were progressing when they were not; Leal received one to two defrauded callers a day, changed his phone number, hired an anti-piracy firm that removed thousands of fake profiles and videos, and reported the fraud to local police and federal authorities.", "incidentDate": "2025-10-01", "incidentKind": "ongoing_experience", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-06-04", "aiSystem": "AI voice- and video-cloning / deepfake tools (not identified in the inspected reporting)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "reputational_harm", "financial_loss", "legal_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "An immigration attorney's identity was cloned with AI and used to defraud immigrants, causing him reputational harm and business disruption (he changed his phone number and hired an anti-piracy firm) and causing defrauded immigrants financial loss, with some reportedly left facing deportation orders after believing their cases were progressing.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "One counted, identified harmed person: Ángel Leal, whose likeness and voice were cloned and whose practice was disrupted. An unquantified additional group of immigrants was defrauded (Leal reports one to two defrauded callers a day; one legal immigrant reportedly lost about $4,820 per a Latin Times headline not inspected in full); no reliable victim count is established, so the status is partial.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/scammers-impersonate-immigration-lawyers-rcna348238", "primarySourceLabel": "NBC News, 4 June 2026: Scammers impersonate immigration lawyers (Angel Leal interview; FTC/FBI context; ABA/AILA comment)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-17T03:27:41.533841+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "voice-clone", "impersonation", "immigration", "fraud", "united-states", "florida", "depicted-or-impersonated" ] }, { "id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-claim-1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Incident narrative, payment paragraphs.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-source-1" } ], "assertion": "Reporting says a seller transferred INR 100,000, including INR 40,000 borrowed from nearby traders.", "causal_attribution": "Reported attribution remains unestablished independently." }, { "id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-claim-2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Police-investigation paragraph and closing police quotation.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-source-1" } ], "assertion": "Reporting says police registered a case and began investigating.", "causal_attribution": "Reported proceeding; this does not establish AI causation." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "money_transferred", "claim_id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-claim-1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-source-1", "url": "https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/cheated-for-the-first-time-by-deepfake-ai-in-kanpur-told-uncle-in-nephews-voice-save-me-by-any-means-2024-04-10", "kind": "local_reporting", "access": "read", "language": "hi", "translation_note": "Model read the original language. No independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "2024-kanpur-alleged-ai-voice-impersonation-fraud-account" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance" ], "unknowns": [ "No recording, forensic report, bank proof or police record inspected.", "Final loss after any recovery is unknown.", "The caller’s allegation about a relative is a scam claim, not adopted as a true offence.", "The event year follows the dated article context; the narrative explicitly gives 27 March." ], "geography": { "basis": "Narrative explicitly locates the seller and episode in Kanpur, India.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "A concrete adverse account with an inspected source, explicit attribution and uncertainty. Duplicate and identity review completed.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Closing police quotation gives only a preliminary AI attribution.", "status": "suspected" }, "person_relations": [ "unknown" ] }, "name": "Kanpur seller reportedly transfers money after alleged AI voice impersonation", "summary": "Hindi reporting describes a seller transferring INR 100,000 after an impersonation call. A quoted police assessment treats AI involvement as preliminary. The transfers and AI attribution remain independently unverified.", "incidentDate": "2024-03-27", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2024-04-10", "aiSystem": "Unspecified voice-generation system", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "unverified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A seller reportedly transferred INR 100,000.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One seller is described as harmed; other people are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "unknown", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "unknown", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/cheated-for-the-first-time-by-deepfake-ai-in-kanpur-told-uncle-in-nephews-voice-save-me-by-any-means-2024-04-10", "primarySourceLabel": "Amar Ujala, Hindi reporting", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T03:07:27.856477+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "finance", "impersonation" ] }, { "id": "2025-valencia-spain-deepfake-school", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'began investigating in December last year after a female student reported the creation of a social media account in her name that featured an AI-generated video'; '\"All these photos had been modified from the originals, which had been manipulated so that the people in them appeared completely naked\"'; 'a webpage devoted to advertising the images for commercial purposes'; 'After 15 other minors came forward with similar complaints'; 'a 17-year-old boy was being investigated on suspicion of corrupting minors'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "From December 2024 a girl in the Ribera Alta area reported fake accounts in her name with an AI-generated video and AI-manipulated nude photos of minors, plus a webpage advertising the images commercially; 15 other minors complained; the Guardia Civil traced the accounts to a 17-year-old schoolmate, now investigated for corrupting minors under a Valencia youth court.", "causal_attribution": "Guardia Civil statement as reported by the Guardian; single chain." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "16 minors depicted in AI-generated nude images and videos on fake accounts, one impersonated by name, images advertised for sale", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/27/spanish-teenager-investigated-ai-generated-nude-videos", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (The Guardian, 27 July 2025). Reports and quotes the Guardia Civil's statement of 27 July 2025; the Spanish original of the statement was not read.", "independence_group": "guardian" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The outcome of the youth-court proceeding is not known.", "The AI tools and the platforms hosting the accounts are not named.", "Whether any images were actually sold is not stated." ], "geography": { "basis": "Guardia Civil officers in the Ribera Alta area of Valencia province investigated; the victims are the suspect's schoolmates there; a youth court in Valencia oversees the case (Guardian).", "court_countries": [ "ES" ], "event_countries": [ "ES" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "ES" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case involving identified (unnamed) depicted minors, an impersonation and a police investigation under a youth court. One chain read; claims recorded as reported. Original ID and first-publication timestamp preserved; incident date corrected to the first complaint.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Guardia Civil statement, as quoted by the Guardian, describes AI-generated videos and AI-modified photos and a website advertising AI image-modification services; no forensic detail is published. The artifacts depicted the minors and impersonated one girl by name.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Ribera Alta, Valencia: a 17-year-old was investigated for making AI-generated nude images and videos of 16 schoolmates, impersonating a girl on fake accounts and advertising the images for sale", "summary": "In December 2024 a female student in the Ribera Alta area of Valencia province reported to the Guardia Civil that a social-media account had been created in her name featuring an AI-generated video, and later a second account in her name, other accounts showing AI-generated nude videos, and a webpage advertising the images for commercial purposes; the Guardia Civil said the photos, all of minors, had been manipulated so that the people in them appeared completely naked. After 15 other minors came forward with similar complaints, officers traced IP addresses and account emails to the home of a 17-year-old schoolmate, who is being investigated on suspicion of corrupting minors under a Valencia youth court. The Guardia Civil announced the investigation on 27 July 2025.", "incidentDate": "2024-12-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-07-27", "aiSystem": "AI image and video manipulation tools (not named; police examined a website advertising AI image-modification services)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Sixteen minors were depicted in AI-generated nude images and videos published on fake accounts, with one girl also impersonated by name, and the images were advertised for sale; a schoolmate is under youth-court investigation.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 16, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One complainant plus 15 other minors who came forward with similar complaints (Guardian, quoting the Guardia Civil): exact count of 16 depicted minors.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "ES", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/27/spanish-teenager-investigated-ai-generated-nude-videos", "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian, 27 July 2025: Spanish teenager investigated over AI-generated nude videos of 16 schoolmates (Guardia Civil statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-09T05:45:25.741735+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ai-generated-imagery", "minors", "school", "impersonation", "spain", "valencia", "guardia-civil", "youth-court", "depicted" ] } ] }