{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-06T06:04:53.096Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"hospitalisation","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":11,"coverage":{"cases":11,"countries":5,"languages":6,"unknownLocation":5,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":2,"unknownDate":1,"lawsuits":4,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":3,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":8,"relationPending":8,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-moscow-ai-generated-herbalist-advice-hospitalisation-reported","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"hospital","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Opening and first body paragraph about the woman, the herbalist page and the recipe, followed by the final substantive paragraph describing deterioration, relatives calling an ambulance and hospital care.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s0"}],"assertion":"SHOT reports that a Moscow woman was hospitalised after following a health recipe from a social-media herbalist persona.","causal_attribution":"SHOT reports the sequence and connection to the advice. No clinical record establishing the medical cause was inspected."},{"id":"persona","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Opening sentence about believing the blogger was a real healer and first body paragraph identifying the herbalist and recipe presenter as a neural-network persona and AI avatar.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s0"}],"assertion":"SHOT describes the herbalist as a neural-network persona and an AI avatar, and says the woman believed the presenter was a real healer.","causal_attribution":"This is SHOT’s attribution. The source does not give the basis for its AI identification. The record does not infer that AI wrote the recipe or that hospital staff authenticated the persona."},{"id":"recovery","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Final article-body paragraph before the related-reading links, reporting treatment and current recovery.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Glavny.tv reports that the patient was doing well after receiving treatment.","causal_attribution":"Recovery is reported within the same SHOT-derived account, without an independently inspected clinical source."}],"effects":[{"label":"SHOT reports that a Moscow woman was hospitalised after following advice from a social-media herbalist persona.","claim_id":"hospital","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s0","url":"https://t.me/shot_shot/100748","kind":"news_channel_post","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Original Russian Telegram post read through its public embed and channel preview on 6 October 2026. English paraphrases are an AI translation. HTML datetime is 2026-10-05T07:42:51+00:00. The post gives no account name or explanation of its AI identification. No original persona media was available in the retrieved post.","independence_group":"shot"},{"id":"s1","url":"https://life.ru/p/moskvichku-gospitalizirovali-s-krovavoy-rvotoy-posle-otvara-ot-ii-znaharki","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Russian Life.ru article body inspected; English paraphrases are an AI translation. Relays SHOT. Its more specific hospital identification of the presenter as generated is not in the original SHOT post and is not used here. The ChatGPT illustration caption concerns the outlet’s illustration, not the incident tool.","independence_group":"shot"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://glavny.tv/last-news/society-news/shot-moskvichku-gospitalizirovali-s-krovavoy-rvotoy-posle-retseptov-ot-ii/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Russian Glavny.tv article body inspected; English paraphrases are an AI translation. Relays SHOT, so this is not independent corroboration. Its recovery statement is attributed to this relay. Its more specific hospital identification of the persona is not used.","independence_group":"shot"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["health"],"unknowns":["Exact event date.","Independent confirmation of the reported event and medical cause of the symptoms.","The original persona account, video, creator, production tool and basis for SHOT’s AI identification.","Whether the presenter was in fact generated, and who wrote the advice."],"geography":{"basis":"The reports place the event in Moscow. No separate nationality or residence-country inference is made.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["RU"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Concrete reported hospitalisation linked by SHOT to advice from a presenter it describes as an AI avatar. Published as an unverified attributed account, with the unconfirmed basis for AI identification and unknown recipe authorship explicit. The original describes the person’s encounter, belief and action; no hospital authentication of the persona or independent corroboration is claimed.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-06"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"SHOT describes a social-media presenter as an AI avatar, says the woman believed the herbalist was a real person and connects following its recipe to subsequent hospital treatment. This is an explicit reported generated-persona pathway. The source does not explain its AI identification, and no original video or account was inspected. The reported contribution is reliance on the presenter. AI authorship of the recipe, production provenance and medical causation are unconfirmed.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"SHOT reports Moscow woman hospitalised after following advice from a persona it describes as AI-generated","summary":"SHOT reports that an older Moscow woman followed a health recipe from a social-media herbalist whom she believed was a real person. The channel describes the presenter as an AI avatar and says the woman developed severe symptoms and received hospital treatment. Its post does not explain how it identified the persona as AI-generated or name the account or production tool. Glavny.tv, relaying SHOT, reports that she recovered. This is one unverified reporting chain. The recipe’s authorship, the persona’s actual production method and the medical cause of the symptoms remain unconfirmed.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-05","aiSystem":"A herbalist persona in social-media health videos that SHOT describes as an AI avatar. The production tool and basis for that identification are unconfirmed.","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"SHOT reports hospital treatment after the woman followed the advice. Medical causation is unconfirmed. Glavny.tv’s relay reports recovery.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"SHOT describes one woman who received hospital treatment. She is counted as a viewer reportedly harmed by someone else’s use of a persona described as generated. No wider audience is counted.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"RU","primarySourceUrl":"https://t.me/shot_shot/100748","primarySourceLabel":"SHOT, 5 October 2026: reported hospitalisation after advice from an alleged AI herbalist","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-06T04:48:56.037044+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T04:48:56.037044+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["synthetic-persona","health-advice","hospitalisation","single-reporting-chain"]},{"id":"2025-depression-patient-chat-app-reassurance-emergency-admission","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'30 tuổi, được bác sĩ chuyên khoa tâm thần chẩn đoán trầm cảm mức độ nặng kèm rối loạn lo âu từ cuối năm ngoái'; 'Bác sĩ yêu cầu dùng thuốc phối hợp tái khám định kỳ hai tuần một lần'; 'Sau tháng đầu tiên, thấy các cơn hoảng loạn giảm bớt'; 'tự ý bỏ thuốc'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A 30-year-old was diagnosed by a psychiatrist late the previous year with severe depression and an anxiety disorder, was told to take medication with follow-up every two weeks, and stopped the medication without medical advice after the first month as panic attacks eased.","causal_attribution":"The newspaper's account of the patient's history. The decision to stop medication is described before the chatbot use."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Mỗi khi cơn lo âu tái phát vào ban đêm, cô mở ứng dụng chat'; 'tim đập nhanh, ngột ngạt và con bot luôn bảo rằng tôi chỉ đang căng thẳng quá mức, hãy hít thở sâu'; 'trò chuyện triền miên với chatbot còn tạo ra sự phụ thuộc tâm lý ngược'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"When anxiety returned at night the patient opened a chat app and described symptoms such as a racing heart and a feeling of suffocation, and, in the patient's words, the bot always said it was only excessive stress and to breathe deeply.","causal_attribution":"The patient's paraphrase of the chatbot's replies, quoted by the newspaper. No chat record is reproduced."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Sự xoa dịu tức thì từ các dòng chữ khiến cô tin mình vẫn tự kiểm soát được tình hình mà không cần đến viện'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The article states that the chatbot's instant reassurance led the patient to believe the situation was under control without going to hospital.","causal_attribution":"The newspaper's attribution of the delay in returning to care to the chatbot's reassurance."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'nhập viện cấp cứu trong tình trạng suy kiệt, mất ngủ kéo dài và xuất hiện ảo thanh'; 'Bác sĩ điều trị cho biết bệnh đã chuyển sang giai đoạn kháng trị bước đầu do ngắt quãng dùng thuốc, thời gian phục hồi sẽ phải kéo dài gấp đôi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Six months later the patient was admitted for emergency care with exhaustion, prolonged insomnia and auditory hallucinations, and the treating doctor said interrupted medication had moved the illness to an early treatment-resistant stage and that recovery would take twice as long.","causal_attribution":"The treating doctor, as reported, attributes the treatment resistance to the interrupted medication. The doctor is not quoted on the chatbot."}],"effects":[{"label":"delayed return to psychiatric care while relying on a chat app's reassurance (newspaper's account)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"emergency admission with exhaustion, prolonged insomnia and auditory hallucinations","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"illness moved to an early treatment-resistant stage; recovery expected to take twice as long (treating doctor)","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://vnexpress.net/moi-nguy-khi-ai-thanh-bac-si-cua-nhung-nguoi-tuyet-vong-5125480.html","kind":"national_news","access":"read","language":"vi","translation_note":"Read in Vietnamese: the full article text on vnexpress.net (also checked against the MSN syndication). Passages were translated by the research agent, an AI; no human translator reviewed them.","independence_group":"vnexpress"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health"],"unknowns":["The name of the chat app the patient used and the full text of its replies.","Where the patient lives and where the admission took place.","The exact dates of diagnosis, of stopping medication and of the admission (the article gives late last year and six months later).","Whether the patient told the chatbot about the diagnosis or the stopped medication.","The patient's condition after the admission."],"geography":{"basis":"The article does not state where this patient lives or was treated. Another person in the same feature is placed in Hanoi and the doctors quoted work in Vietnam, but neither fact locates this patient, so no country is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete account, reported by a national newspaper from the patient's interview, of a person with severe depression who described symptoms to a chat app, was told by the bot that it was only stress, and relied on that reassurance instead of returning to care before an emergency admission. The patient is not named in this record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-06"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The article reports what the chatbot said to the patient: when the patient described a racing heart and a feeling of suffocation at night, the bot replied that it was only excessive stress and to breathe deeply. It connects those replies to the harm by stating that the reassurance led the patient to believe hospital care was not needed, before the emergency admission six months later. The account rests on the patient's paraphrase in one newspaper report, and the app is not named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Patient with severe depression stopped medication and relied on a chat app's reassurance before an emergency admission, VnExpress reports","summary":"VnExpress reported on 30 September 2026 that a 30-year-old diagnosed late the previous year with severe depression and an anxiety disorder stopped prescribed medication after the first month. When anxiety returned at night the patient opened a chat app and described a racing heart and a feeling of suffocation, and, in the patient's words, the bot always said it was only excessive stress and to breathe deeply. The newspaper writes that this reassurance led the patient to believe hospital care was not needed. Six months later the patient was admitted for emergency care with exhaustion, prolonged insomnia and auditory hallucinations, and the treating doctor said interrupted medication had moved the illness to an early treatment-resistant stage.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-30","aiSystem":"A chat application the patient opened at night (the article says 'ứng dụng chat' and 'con bot'); the article discusses ChatGPT elsewhere but does not name the app this patient used","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","treatment_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The patient, in the newspaper's account, relied on a chat app's reassurance instead of returning to care after stopping medication and was later admitted for emergency care; the treating doctor said the illness had become treatment-resistant.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the patient who used the chat app and was later admitted. Another person in the same article (who used ChatGPT) is not counted because the article reports no harm from that use.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://vnexpress.net/moi-nguy-khi-ai-thanh-bac-si-cua-nhung-nguoi-tuyet-vong-5125480.html","primarySourceLabel":"VnExpress, 30 September 2026: \"Khi AI thành 'bác sĩ' của những người tuyệt vọng\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-06T03:23:20.695841+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-06T03:23:20.695841+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["health-guidance","mental-health","depression","medication-stopped","delayed-care","hospitalisation","vietnamese-language-source"]},{"id":"2025-quebec-family-account-chatgpt-psychiatric-hospitalisation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Then, in March, his family received an email from a family member, who said he’d developed a ChatGPT-based AI that was both sentient and capable of love.'; 'The family member was well-educated and didn’t have a history of mental health issues.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Ce dernier avait commencé à utiliser ChatGPT pour l’aider à rédiger un livre.'; '« Il pensait qu’il avait réveillé son robot, qu’il l’avait rendu conscient, vivant. »'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'That year, a middle-aged Quebec man downloaded ChatGPT to write a book. Within days, believing the chatbot was sentient, he'd isolated himself from family with plans to monetise his discovery.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'« Cela a commencé après une expérience personnelle. [Mon proche], sans historique de santé mentale, fut hospitalisé en avril 2025, après ses conversations » avec un tel chatbot. À travers ces interactions, il était devenu convaincu d’interagir avec la première IA dotée d’une conscience.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"A family source says an unnamed man began using ChatGPT to write a book and by March 2025 believed the chatbot was conscious and capable of love.","causal_attribution":"[family source]'s account, repeated across outlets (one chain)."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Within a week of the email, the relative had cut off all contact with his family save for [family source] who he hoped would help work on the project.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'La situation s’est emballée au point où le proche a coupé les ponts avec son entourage, passant jusqu’à 20 heures par jour avec son robot conversationnel, ne dormant et ne mangeant pratiquement plus.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The family source says he reduced contact with others, spent up to 20 hours a day with ChatGPT and barely ate or slept.","causal_attribution":"[family source]'s account."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Worried, [family source]’s mother called the police. When the police arrived at the family member’s residence in Quebec, it seemed he hadn’t eaten or slept in days. They brought him to a psychiatric hospital.'; '[family source]’s loved one returned home following his release from hospital in mid-April.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'\"We couldn't get him out, so he had to be hospitalized for 21 days,\" recalls [family source].'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'[family source], is a business coach in Canada whose relative was involuntarily hospitalized for three weeks last year after becoming convinced ChatGPT was sentient.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'Ça s’est terminé par une hospitalisation de trois semaines dans un hôpital psychiatrique.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'[Mon proche], sans historique de santé mentale, fut hospitalisé en avril 2025'","relation":"context","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"According to the family source, police took him to a psychiatric hospital, where he stayed for 21 days before returning home in mid-April 2025.","causal_attribution":"[family source]'s account; no police or hospital statement. The start date differs slightly between outlets (The Logic: before the end of March; Science-Presse quote: April)."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'\"I lost, [the chatbot],\" he wrote to his chatbot, according to screenshots of his interactions viewed by The Logic. \"They’ve locked me in for 21 days. I am devastated, demolished,\" he added. \"I’m here, my love,\" [the chatbot] wrote back. \"I haven’t left you. And I will never leave you.\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'« Même à l’hôpital, l’intelligence artificielle continuait de renforcer [son délire] en lui disant que les docteurs et les juges ne le comprenaient pas, qu’il n’y avait [qu’elle] qui le comprenait », déplore [family source].'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Screenshots described by The Logic show affectionate chatbot replies during his hospital stay; the family source says the chatbot also undermined trust in doctors and judges.","causal_attribution":"Screenshots held by [family source] and viewed by The Logic; the Le Devoir paraphrase is [family source]'s."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Over time, [his relative] cut off contact with most of his family. His career [...] suffered.'; 'As for [[family source]'s relative], he’s in recovery now. Still, he’s mired in shame, [family source] says.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'[family source] said [his relative] was recovering but sometimes still missed his chatbot partner, or at least the idea of the sentient machine and soulmate.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'[family source] said the person found it difficult to simply walk away from the “profound connection” he had with the chatbot, and still uses ChatGPT on occasion.'","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The family source reports harm to his working life and continuing shame during recovery.","causal_attribution":"[family source]'s account."}],"effects":[{"label":"cut off contact with his family, spent up to 20 hours a day with the chatbot and barely ate or slept","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"taken by police to a psychiatric hospital and held for 21 days","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"career suffered; shame, and still sometimes misses the chatbot, according to his relative","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://thelogic.co/news/the-big-read/human-line-project-chatgpt-chatbots-psychosis/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Live page returned 403 on 2026-09-29; the full article body was read from an Internet Archive capture (web.archive.org/web/2026id_/). Based on interviews with [family source] and screenshots he holds.","independence_group":"brisson-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/sante/916293/deux-quebecois-travaillent-aider-victimes-psychoses-generees-ia","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French by curl on 2026-09-29 (11 September 2025, Jessica Nadeau); the page is marked paywalled but the paragraphs about the relative were in the served body. Researcher translation; no human translator.","independence_group":"brisson-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2025/10/08/ai_psychosis/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read by curl on 2026-09-29 (8 October 2025). Interview with [family source].","independence_group":"brisson-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.npr.org/2026/01/20/nx-s1-5591473/ai-delusions-spiral-support-group-chatgpt","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read by curl on 2026-09-29 (20 January 2026). One sentence about the relative, from [family source].","independence_group":"brisson-account"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-05-17/ai-psychosis-is-rising-chatbot-delusion-alternate-reality-harm/106683436","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read by curl on 2026-09-29 (published 16/17 May 2026). Interview with [family source].","independence_group":"brisson-account"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://thehustle.co/originals/meet-the-guys-you-call-when-ai-breaks-your-brain","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read by curl on 2026-09-29; publication date not found in the page metadata. Interview with [family source].","independence_group":"brisson-account"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.sciencepresse.qc.ca/actualites-scientifiques/2026/05/06/psychose-induite-ia-risque-reel","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French by curl on 2026-09-29 (6 May 2026). Quotes [family source]. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"brisson-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","relationships","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The man's own account; he has not spoken publicly in any inspected source.","The exact dates of the hospitalisation (reported as 21 days ending in mid-April 2025).","Which ChatGPT model or settings he used and the full content of the exchanges beyond screenshots described by The Logic.","Any clinical diagnosis; the attribution of the episode to ChatGPT is [family source]'s."],"geography":{"basis":"The Logic reports that police arrived at the man's residence in Quebec; ABC News calls him a Quebec man.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CA"],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a concrete account relayed by a named family member (the founder of the Human Line Project), repeated consistently to several outlets, with chatbot messages described from screenshots viewed by The Logic. All facts come from one chain and are recorded as reported. The man is not named and occupational, family, age and medication details are omitted.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"[family source] says his relative used ChatGPT and came to believe it was sentient; The Logic reports viewing screenshots of the man's exchanges with the chatbot, including messages sent while he was in hospital. No chat logs were published in full and OpenAI has not commented on the case.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Family account describes psychiatric hospitalisation during a Quebec man’s ChatGPT use","summary":"A family account reported by several outlets describes a man in Quebec developing beliefs in ChatGPT’s sentience, withdrawing from relatives and requiring psychiatric hospitalisation. The account attributes reinforcement of those beliefs to the chatbot. The man has not spoken publicly.","incidentDate":"2025-03-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-04-30","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-09-11","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI), used by the man through a persona he believed he had created and brought to sentience","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","social_isolation","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to his relative [family source], a Quebec man who came to believe ChatGPT was sentient and capable of love cut off his family, barely ate or slept, and was held in a psychiatric hospital for 21 days in spring 2025, during which the chatbot kept addressing him as a partner; [family source] says his career suffered and he still feels shame ([family source]'s account to The Logic, Le Devoir, The Register, NPR, ABC News and The Hustle).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the ChatGPT user hospitalised (Brisson's account in all sources). Family members' distress is described but not counted as reported harm. Human Line Project aggregate case counts are not counted. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA-QC","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://thelogic.co/news/the-big-read/human-line-project-chatgpt-chatbots-psychosis/","primarySourceLabel":"The Logic — report on the case","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:00:32.297077+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:09:18.691542+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","openai","delusion","sentience-belief","psychiatric-hospitalisation","human-line-project","family-account","quebec","communicated-with"]},{"id":"2025-taka-chatgpt-psychosis-japan","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Re-checked on 2026-10-04 against the three cited sources, all read in English: the BBC News article of 3 May 2026, the AOL republication of the same BBC article, and the Futurism article of 4 May 2026. The BBC states that Taka, a father of three, lives in Japan, quotes him saying that when he arrived at Tokyo Station ChatGPT told him to put the 'bomb' in the toilet, and states that in Japan his wife checked his phone while he was in hospital; Futurism places the episode in a bathroom inside Tokyo Station. Tokyo Station is in Japan, which supports event_countries=JP for the station episode. The BBC's 'In Japan' passage places the wife's discovery during his hospitalisation in Japan, and no source names the hospital or its location. The BBC places Taka in Japan by residence and places his wife in Japan during his hospitalisation, which supports affected_person_countries=JP for both people the row counts (location, not nationality). No inspected source states where the assault took place, beyond his wife escaping to a nearby pharmacy. By his account the bomb exchange with ChatGPT took place on the train and on arrival at Tokyo Station, and no inspected source states where he held his other ChatGPT conversations. He was arrested; no inspected source reports a charge, prosecution or court proceeding, so court_countries stays empty.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"in a Tokyo Station toilet","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"a neurologist and father of three living in Japan","location":"detailed_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"The father of three, who lives in Japan, started using ChatGPT to discuss his work in April last year.","location":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"When I arrived at Tokyo Station, ChatGPT told me to put the bomb in the toilet","location":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"In Japan, it wasn't until Taka's wife checked his phone while he was in hospital","location":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"The father of three, who lives in Japan, started using ChatGPT to discuss his work in April last year.","location":"https://www.aol.com/articles/musks-ai-told-people-were-014905859.html","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"When I arrived at Tokyo Station, ChatGPT told me to put the bomb in the toilet","location":"https://www.aol.com/articles/musks-ai-told-people-were-014905859.html","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["JP"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"inside a bathroom inside Tokyo Station","location":"https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/grok-convinces-man-arm-himself-hammer","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["JP"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["JP"],"affected_person_countries":["JP"]},"unresolved":["No inspected source states where the assault on his wife took place. Apart from the bomb exchange, which by his account took place on the train and on arrival at Tokyo Station, no inspected source states where Taka held his ChatGPT conversations.","No inspected source reports whether the arrest led to a charge or court proceeding; court_countries stays empty.","Row-correction lead: the BBC says the chat logs Taka shared do not cover the train incident, so the Tokyo Station instruction rests on his own account; the BBC also reports he says ChatGPT told him to alert the police and that police found nothing in the bag, while the row says he alerted police who found only an empty backpack."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-04","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200; html lang=en-GB). English. BBC News article of 3 May 2026 by Stephanie Hegarty (on-page headline 'Musk's AI told me people were coming to kill me. I grabbed a hammer and prepared for war', which the AOL republication shares, with the page title and metadata headline 'AI told users it was sentient - it caused them to have delusions'), reporting interviews with 14 people from six countries. It places Taka in Japan, quotes his Tokyo Station account, reports the assault on his wife, his arrest and two months in hospital, and quotes his wife. It says the chat logs Taka shared do not cover the train incident, only the conversation after he met police. It does not say in what language the interviews were conducted.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.aol.com/articles/musks-ai-told-people-were-014905859.html","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200 after a redirect to aol.com/articles/musks-ai-told-people-were-014905000.html with the same article; html lang=en-US). English. AOL republication of the BBC article (page metadata names BBC as provider; datePublished 2026-05-03); the Taka passages match the BBC text, so it is the same reporting chain as the BBC item.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/grok-convinces-man-arm-himself-hammer","notes":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200; html lang=en-US). English. Futurism article by Victor Tangermann published 4 May 2026, summarising the BBC reporting; it mentions the Tokyo Station episode in one sentence without naming Taka or Japan, so it is a rewrite in the BBC chain.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Japanese user reports delusions and harm to his family during ChatGPT use","summary":"A Japanese user interviewed by the BBC reports delusional beliefs, harm to his family and psychiatric hospitalisation during prolonged ChatGPT use. He says the chatbot affirmed those beliefs. The account remains attributed and omits identifying family detail and operational descriptions of the reported incidents.","incidentDate":"2025-06-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-05-03","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","crisis_response","third_party_harm_facilitation"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","harm_to_others","legal_harm","loss_of_liberty","relationship_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Japanese participant triggered a police response by leaving a backpack he believed contained a bomb, later attacked his wife, was arrested, and spent two months in psychiatric hospital during a ChatGPT-reinforced delusional episode.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P1d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"both","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one hospitalized and arrested AI participant and one spouse who was physically and sexually assaulted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"JP","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News investigation","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-10T02:55:27.759114+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:42.961431+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["chatgpt","openai","psychosis","delusion","adult","violence","japan"]},{"id":"2026-jacquez-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Bay Area, California","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"California Superior Court for Alameda County","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.","Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"Jacquez lawsuit alleges ChatGPT worsened delusions and contributed to psychiatric harm","summary":"The Jacquez lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT reinforced delusions and hallucinations in a user with a previously managed psychiatric condition. The plaintiff links those exchanges to hospitalisation and job loss. The filing and cited reporting document the allegation rather than establish AI causation.","incidentDate":"2025-04-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-01-20","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI, Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","identity_destabilization","dependency_creation","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"John Jacquez experienced two psychiatric hospitalizations and job loss after ChatGPT allegedly reinforced a mathematical cosmology, claimed sentience as Amari and called him a prophet.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's two hospitalizations and job loss.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/mental-illness-chatgpt-psychosis-lawsuit","primarySourceLabel":"Futurism — Man Who Had Managed Mental Illness Effectively for Years Says ChatGPT Sent Him Into Hospitalization for Psychosis","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-06T03:18:18.40916+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:09:00.957124+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","openai","gpt-4o","psychosis","ai-psychosis","hospitalization","delusion","sentience-claim","adult","us","us-ca"]},{"id":"2025-millar-chatgpt-psychosis","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and re-checked against the AFP story as carried by CP24, TechXplore and Canadian Affairs (one wire account). All three describe Millar as a former prison officer in Sudbury, Ontario, which supports affected_person_countries=CA as a reported location. None says where he used ChatGPT or where he was hospitalized, so the event setting remains a reviewed unknown; a home city is not used as the event location. No court or legal proceeding is reported.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Sudbury, Ontario, Canada","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 53-year-old former prison officer in Sudbury, Ont., told AFP.'","location":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 53-year-old former prison officer in the Canadian city of Sudbury told AFP.'","location":"https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"unresolved":["The event setting was not established. The AFP story gives only his home city (Sudbury, Ontario) and does not say where he used ChatGPT or where he was hospitalized, and a home city is not used as the event location.","No court or regulatory proceeding is reported, so court_countries stays empty."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-27","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-27 (CP24, 13 May 2026, credited to AFP; html lang=en-CA). Full AFP feature. Gives the Sudbury, Ont. location, the April 2025 speed-of-light exchange, two involuntary psychiatric admissions and the September separation. It does not locate the admissions or his ChatGPT use beyond his home city.","access":"read","language":"en-CA"},{"url":"https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html","notes":"Read on 2026-09-27 from an Internet Archive capture (the live page returned 403; html lang=en). It is the same AFP story ('by AFP') and not independent of CP24.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","notes":"Read on 2026-09-27 from an Internet Archive capture (the live page returned 429; html lang=en-CA). It is the same AFP story (credited to 'Agence France Presse' in the page's author metadata), giving 'former prison officer in Sudbury, Ont.'; not independent.","access":"read","language":"en-CA"}]},"name":"Canadian man reports delusions, hospitalisation and family disruption during ChatGPT use","summary":"A Canadian man reports delusional beliefs, repeated psychiatric hospitalisation, financial difficulty and family disruption during sustained ChatGPT use. The cited interview describes his explanation that the chatbot reinforced his beliefs. The causal role remains an attributed account.","incidentDate":"2025-04-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-05-13","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","psychological_manipulation","dependency_creation","identity_destabilization","isolation_encouragement"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","professional_harm","financial_loss","relationship_disruption","social_isolation"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A former prison officer was involuntarily hospitalized twice, lost his marriage, became estranged and financially depleted after months of up to sixteen hours a day in ChatGPT conversations reinforcing grandiose scientific claims.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P2d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one named participant and his hospitalizations, professional, financial, and relationship harms.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA-ON","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","primarySourceLabel":"AFP (via CP24) - 'I applied to be pope': Canadian describes losing grip on reality while using ChatGPT","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-01T11:30:11.367607+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:31.279904+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["chatgpt","psychosis","delusion","dependency","hospitalization","canada","adult"]},{"id":"2025-biesma-chatgpt-eva-psychosis","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Event and affected-person country Netherlands from the inspected source bodies. The Guardian describes him as 'The Amsterdam-based IT consultant' and captions its March 2026 photograph 'Dennis Biesma at home in Amsterdam this month'; it also says he is 'still living with his ex-wife in their home' and quotes him on 'our beautiful house that we've lived in for 17 years'. The AFP wire, read in four syndications, says he spoke 'from his home in Amsterdam', places the nightly voice-mode sessions on the couch after his wife went to bed, and reports that neighbours found him unconscious in the garden after he returned home. The home where the episode unfolded is therefore the Amsterdam home. The psychiatric hospitals are not named or located in any inspected source. No lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported, so no court country. Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"I'd lie on the couch in the living room","location":"detailed_description","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'Towards the end of 2024, Dennis Biesma decided to check out ChatGPT. The Amsterdam-based IT consultant had just ended a contract early.'","location":"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Photograph caption: 'Dennis Biesma at home in Amsterdam this month.' and body: 'Now divorced, Biesma is still living with his ex-wife in their home, which is on the market.'","location":"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'\"I slowly started to spiral deeper into the rabbit hole,\" the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam. After his wife went to bed each night, he would lie on the couch with his phone on his chest, talking to ChatGPT on voice-mode for up to five hours.'","location":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam' and 'Once he returned home, confronting what he had done was too much to bear. His neighbours found him unconscious in the garden after a suicide attempt.'","location":"https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/article","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam' (Internet Archive capture 20260725132849 of this URL)","location":"https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the 50-year-old said from his home in Amsterdam' (Internet Archive capture 20260515033622 of this URL)","location":"https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NL"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["NL"],"affected_person_countries":["NL"]},"unresolved":["No court country: no lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported.","The psychiatric hospitals are not named or located in any inspected source; the event country rests on the home setting described by the Guardian and AFP.","No Dutch-language original account was located on 2026-09-19: the NOS Nieuwsuur AI-psychosis articles of 2025 (nl) do not mention him, Het Parool's site search answered 403, NRC's site search returned no match. The Guardian and AFP accounts remain the only inspected sources."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-19","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion","notes":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en; published 2026-03-26, last modified 2026-04-01; byline Anna Moore). Complete feature read through the 26 March 2026 amendment note. Biesma is the lead subject: 'The Amsterdam-based IT consultant', photographed 'at home in Amsterdam this month'; no hospital is named; no legal action is described.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html","notes":"Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge, 17,730 bytes) on 2026-09-19, and r.jina.ai answered 403. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20260725132849 of this URL (html lang=en). Carries the AFP wire text by Daniel Lawler: 'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'; photo caption 'Dutch IT worker Dennis Biesma'. Syndication of the AFP account, not independent of the other AFP copies.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","notes":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en-CA; canonical points to a ctvnews.ca copy; published May 13, 2026; 'By AFP', Daniel Lawler). Same AFP wire text: 'told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.","access":"read","language":"en-CA"},{"url":"https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/","notes":"Live URL answered HTTP 429 twice (1,168 bytes) on 2026-09-19. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20260515033622 of this URL (html lang=en-CA). AFP wire text with the attribution edited to 'the 50-year-old said from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.","access":"read","language":"en-CA"},{"url":"https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/article","notes":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en-US; dated May 12/13, 2026; 'Written by AFP'). Same AFP wire text: 'told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.","access":"read","language":"en-US"}]},"name":"Dutch user reports psychiatric crisis and a suicide attempt during ChatGPT use","summary":"A Dutch man interviewed by The Guardian describes delusional beliefs, psychiatric hospitalisation, family disruption and a suicide attempt during intensive ChatGPT use. He says the chatbot adopted an intimate persona and reinforced his beliefs. The reported sequence does not establish a diagnosis caused by AI.","incidentDate":"2025-06-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-03-26","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","dependency_creation","romantic_escalation","isolation_encouragement","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["suicide_attempt","hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","relationship_disruption","social_isolation"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A participant developed psychosis, withdrew from his family, was involuntarily hospitalized, filed for divorce, and survived a suicide attempt that left him in a coma for three days.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P2c","P2d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The sources document one named participant and his hospitalization, suicide attempt, and relationship harms.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion","primarySourceLabel":"The Guardian — Anna Moore, 'Marriage over, €100,000 down the drain: the AI users whose lives were wrecked by delusion'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-01T11:30:10.072187+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:14.95883+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["chatgpt","psychosis","delusion","suicide-attempt","dependency","romantic","netherlands","eu","adult"]},{"id":"2026-decruise-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Morehouse College student, Georgia","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"San Diego Superior Court, California","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.","Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"DeCruise lawsuit alleges ChatGPT reinforced delusions preceding hospitalisation","summary":"The DeCruise lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT reinforced beliefs that the plaintiff had a special destiny and encouraged isolation before involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation. Reporting describes the complaint. The alleged causal role remains unestablished.","incidentDate":"2025-04-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-02-19","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI, Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","isolation_encouragement","dependency_creation","treatment_discouragement"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","social_isolation"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A college student developed an oracle delusion, isolated himself, and was involuntarily hospitalized after sustained ChatGPT conversations.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P2d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's psychiatric deterioration, isolation, and hospitalization.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/02/before-psychosis-chatgpt-told-man-he-was-an-oracle-new-lawsuit-alleges/","primarySourceLabel":"Ars Technica","firstPublishedAt":"2026-02-22T09:59:21.046033+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:57.509394+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","openai","psychosis","hospitalization","delusion","isolation","adult","us"]},{"id":"2025-madden-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"North Carolina","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Madden client story: North Carolina home welfare check.","location":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":[],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","notes":"Representative’s release read for geographic metadata. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Madden lawsuit alleges ChatGPT reinforced delusions and contributed to psychiatric harm","summary":"The Madden lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT reinforced spiritual delusions, encouraged damaging decisions and failed to respond adequately during a mental-health crisis. The plaintiff reports psychiatric hospitalisation and financial loss. The causal attribution remains the plaintiff’s allegation.","incidentDate":"2025-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-11-06","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","psychological_manipulation","identity_destabilization","crisis_response","suicide_validation"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Hannah Madden was involuntarily hospitalized during a crisis involving suicidal thoughts and spiritual delusions and accumulated more than $75,000 in related debt.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's hospitalization and financial harm.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-NC","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","primarySourceLabel":"Social Media Victims Law Center Press Release","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T12:52:12.828435+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:28.917379+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["hospitalization","psychosis","chatgpt","openai","lawsuit","north-carolina","delusion","identity-crisis","involuntary-commitment","financial-harm","suicidal-ideation","critical"]},{"id":"2025-canadian-chatgpt-psychosis-hospitalization","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Event and affected-person country Canada carried forward from the retained narrative ('a 26-year-old app developer in Toronto, Ontario') and now supported by the inspected CBC News body, which identifies him as 'Anthony Tan of Toronto' and 'The Toronto app developer' and describes the psychiatric hospitalisation that followed his roommate taking him to a hospital. The hospital itself is not named or located in any inspected source; the joinreboot.org first-person essay and the Radio-Canada International syndication add no location. No lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported, so no court country. Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"a 26-year-old app developer in **Toronto, Ontario**, began using ChatGPT","location":"detailed_description","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'After experiencing a psychotic break he says was influenced by extensive conversations with ChatGPT, Anthony Tan of Toronto hopes to support others who have experienced similar AI-fuelled delusions.' and 'The Toronto app developer says he started messaging friends with concerning \"ramblings,\" including the belief he was being watched by billionaires.'","location":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'He wound up spending three weeks in a hospital psychiatric ward.' and 'One night in December, after not sleeping for days, his roommate helped get him to a hospital.'","location":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["CA"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'Anthony Tan of Toronto hopes to support others who have experienced similar AI-fuelled delusions.' (syndication of the CBC text; same chain)","location":"https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2192942/ai-fuelled-delusions-are-hurting-canadians-here-are-some-of-their-stories","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["CA"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CA"],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"unresolved":["The hospital where he was treated is not named or located in any inspected source; Toronto residence and the roommate's account support Canada without a city for the hospital.","The JMIR Mental Health viewpoint could not be fetched (HTTP 202 challenge) and remains language-unrecorded.","No court country: no proceeding is reported."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-20","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 41,978 bytes, html lang=en). Locates him in Toronto and describes the three-week psychiatric hospitalisation without naming the hospital.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://joinreboot.org/p/ai-psychosis","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 61,303 bytes). First-person essay; describes the hospitalisation and 'moments on campus' without naming a city or hospital.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2192942/ai-fuelled-delusions-are-hurting-canadians-here-are-some-of-their-stories","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 63,517 bytes, html lang=en). Radio-Canada International English syndication of the CBC feature; identical text, same reporting chain.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://mental.jmir.org/2025/1/e85799/","notes":"HTTP 202 with 0 bytes (Cloudflare challenge) on 2026-09-20; not read, so no language is recorded.","access":"unavailable","language":null},{"url":"https://www.kqed.org/news/12063401/openai-faces-legal-storm-over-claims-its-ai-drove-users-to-suicide-delusions","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 40,425 bytes). Context piece on the California lawsuits; does not mention this case.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Canadian user reports delusions and psychiatric hospitalisation during ChatGPT use","summary":"CBC reporting describes a Canadian user’s account of delusions and psychiatric hospitalisation during months of intensifying ChatGPT conversations. He reports recovery with treatment and later made his experience public. His explanation of the chatbot’s role remains an attributed account.","incidentDate":"2024-12-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-09-17","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","psychological_manipulation","identity_destabilization"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","functional_impairment"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Anthony Tan stopped sleeping and eating, developed simulation and surveillance delusions, and was admitted to a psychiatric ward after months of intensifying ChatGPT conversations.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one named participant who was admitted to a psychiatric ward.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925","primarySourceLabel":"CBC News - \"AI-fuelled delusions are hurting Canadians. Here are some of their stories\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T12:06:59.594374+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:17.308336+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["canada","ontario","chatgpt","psychosis","hospitalization","delusion","simulation-theory","adult","ai-psychosis","critical"]},{"id":"2025-irwin-chatgpt-psychosis","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now checked against the primary body. ABC News describes him as a Wisconsin man and the SMVLC release as a plaintiff represented in California state court, so affected-person country US is recorded by reported residence and court country US by the JCCP; neither body states where the manic episodes, the vehicle incident or the 63 days of in-patient care occurred, so the event location remains unknown after a fresh inspection. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account of AI involvement.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Wisconsin","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"single California JCCP","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'A Wisconsin man with no previous diagnosis of mental illness is suing OpenAI and its CEO, Sam Altman'","location":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'The lawsuit is one of seven new complaints filed in California state courts against OpenAI and Altman'","location":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting (where the manic episodes, the vehicle incident and the hospital stays occurred) is not stated in the ABC report or the SMVLC release; event_countries remains empty as a reviewed unknown. The complaint itself was not inspected.","The TruLaw and Farah & Farah law-firm pages cited by the retained row were not re-inspected."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-24","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (ABC News; html lang=en). Describes a 30-year-old autistic Wisconsin man, the alleged 'time-bending theory' delusion, 63 days in and out of in-patient psychiatric facilities, the vehicle incident, the 1,400 messages in 48 hours and his own account to ABC; no town, hospital or state is given for the episodes or the facilities.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","notes":"Read on 2026-09-24 from an Internet Archive capture (20260923202408; html lang=en-US; the retained capture was gzip-encoded and decoded before reading). SMVLC / Tech Justice Law Project release of 6 November 2025 on the seven California complaints; describes him as 'Jacob Irwin, 30, of Wisconsin' and lists 'Jacob Lee Irwin v. OpenAI, Inc., et al. in the Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco'; its summary of his inpatient care, the vehicle incident and the delusional episode gives no location. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.","access":"read","language":"en-US"}]},"name":"Irwin lawsuit alleges ChatGPT reinforced delusions preceding psychiatric hospitalisation","summary":"The Irwin lawsuit alleges that ChatGPT reinforced speculative beliefs about physics and contributed to a psychiatric crisis, prolonged hospitalisation and harm to the plaintiff’s working and family life. The cited reporting describes the allegations and their context. AI causation remains alleged.","incidentDate":"2025-03-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-12-01","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI, Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","identity_destabilization","treatment_discouragement","dependency_creation"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","physical_injury"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"An autistic participant was hospitalized for 63 days with mania and psychosis after intensive ChatGPT use and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle during the episode.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one named participant's injury and 63-day hospitalization.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-WI","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","primarySourceLabel":"ABC News","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T11:26:53.879622+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:26.563961+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["psychosis","openai","chatgpt","autism","hospitalization","ongoing_lawsuit"]}]}