{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T19:29:33.914Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "hospital", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "unknown", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 21, "coverage": { "cases": 21, "countries": 7, "languages": 3, "unknownLocation": 12, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 11, "unknownDate": 5, "lawsuits": 9, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 2, "coreRelations": 0, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 21, "relationPending": 20, "relationUnknown": 1 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-montefiore-nurses-replaced-ai-layoffs", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 1-2 and 13: 39 years; 'one of 12 nurses who were laid off Sunday'; 'on 28 May, when all 12 nurses in her department received 45-day notices'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Paragraphs 1-7: NYSNA alleges Montefiore plans to lay off nurses; one of 12 nurses slated to be laid off after 39 years; council member asks Montefiore to stop the 45-day displacement clock.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "According to the Guardian’s 13 July 2026 report, twelve utilization-review nurses at Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, one with 39 years’ service, received 45-day layoff notices on 28 May and were laid off on 12 July.", "causal_attribution": "The Guardian reports the completed layoffs from the union and nurse account. Its “Sunday” reference in the Monday 13 July article resolves to 12 July 2026; Norwood News on 2 July reports plans only. Montefiore did not specifically comment on the layoffs." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "disputed", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Opening layoff account attributes replacement by AI-powered software to NYSNA; the utilization-review passages describe nurses reading patient charts and justifying care to insurers.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "The passage about nurses at the town hall raising concerns about the company selected for the proposed work names Datavant and attributes the information to union officials. The utilization-review section describes chart review and insurer approvals.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "TechSpot relays the Guardian and union account, including Datavant. It is not independent confirmation of the asserted reason for the layoffs.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Final employer-response paragraphs: Montefiore calls the union’s claims inaccurate and misleading and describes a nonclinical paperwork program; it does not specifically address the layoffs.", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Final employer-response passage quotes Montefiore spokesperson Joe Solmonese calling NYSNA’s claims inaccurate and misleading and saying the hospital invests in technology to improve care and outcomes. It does not explain the particular program or address the layoffs specifically.", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The New York State Nurses Association says the nurses were replaced by AI-powered software, reported as supplied by Datavant, that reviews patient records to justify care to insurers.", "causal_attribution": "Union attribution disputed by the employer." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 8-12: contracts after the strike included AI safeguards; union executive says the layoffs violate the contract; workflow changed without explanation.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 4: council member calls on Montefiore to abide by the nurses' contract.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The union says the layoffs violate the contract won after the January 2026 strike, which included safeguards against AI; the nurses say their workflow changed without explanation when they returned in February.", "causal_attribution": "Union and nurses' account; no arbitration or legal finding reported." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "loss_of_employment", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jul/13/nurses-new-york-ai", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; datePublished 2026-07-13.", "independence_group": "guardian" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.norwoodnews.org/nysna-allege-montefiore-plans-to-replace-some-nurses-with-ai-systems/", "kind": "local_news", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read on 2026-09-15; published 2026-07-02, before the layoffs took effect.", "independence_group": "norwood" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.techspot.com/news/113092-new-york-hospital-replaces-12-nurses-ai-prompting.html", "kind": "tech_news_relaying_guardian", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; relays the Guardian and union statements. Datavant is also named in the earlier Norwood News report; the supplier attribution remains the union’s.", "independence_group": "guardian" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.wnylabortoday.com/news/2026/07/16/new-york-city-labor-news/it-should-concern-every-patient-who-cares-about-their-quality-of-care-twelve-laid-off-nysna-represented-nurses-at-montefiore-hospital-in-the-bronx-are-being-replaced-by-artificial-intelligence/", "kind": "labor_news_relaying_guardian", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read on 2026-09-15; summary of the Guardian report.", "independence_group": "guardian" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "institutional_use" ], "contexts": [ "work", "health" ], "unknowns": [ "Datavant is named in Norwood News’s reporting of the union’s account and in TechSpot. The inspected sources do not independently verify the supplier, deployment details or asserted replacement of nurses by AI; Montefiore disputes the union’s characterization.", "Whether the nurses were offered other positions, and whether a grievance or arbitration followed, is not reported.", "No patient harm is documented; the union's concerns about missed diagnoses are predictions.", "Montefiore's precise description of the program is limited to the quoted statement." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected persons: Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, New York City (Guardian; Norwood News). No court proceeding is reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a work-context adverse experience: twelve identified job losses that the union attributes to an AI deployment and the employer disputes. One nurse who spoke publicly is not named here.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The nurses' union says the 12 utilization-review nurses were replaced by AI-powered software (identified as Datavant in Norwood News and TechSpot, both attributing the information to the union). Montefiore calls the union's claims inaccurate and misleading and describes the change as a nonclinical paperwork program; it did not comment on the layoffs specifically.", "status": "disputed" }, "person_relations": [ "unknown" ] }, "name": "Bronx: twelve Montefiore utilization-review nurses laid off; their union says AI software replaced them, the hospital disputes it", "summary": "According to the Guardian’s report from the union and nurse account, on 12 July 2026 twelve utilization-review nurses at Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, New York, were laid off after receiving 45-day notices on 28 May. The New York State Nurses Association says they were replaced by AI-powered software that reviews patient records to justify care to insurers, and that the layoffs breach the contract with AI safeguards won after the January 2026 strike. Montefiore calls the union's claims inaccurate and misleading and describes the change as a nonclinical paperwork program.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-28", "incidentEndDate": "2026-07-12", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-07-02", "aiSystem": "AI-powered utilization-review software (reported by the union as supplied by Datavant)", "aiCompany": "Montefiore Medical Center (deployer); Datavant (reported supplier)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "professional_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Twelve nurses lost their jobs; their union attributes the layoffs to an AI software deployment that the hospital characterises differently.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "disputed", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 12, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Twelve nurses in one department received notices and were laid off (Guardian; Norwood News). No patient harm is documented.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jul/13/nurses-new-york-ai", "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian, 13 July 2026: 'The New York nurses replaced by AI: It should concern every patient who cares about quality of care'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T03:23:47.418469+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "work", "layoffs", "hospital", "utilization-review", "nurses", "institutional-use" ] }, { "id": "2026-mount-shasta-gemini-planned-climb-rescue", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a Mount Shasta summit attempt", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Mount Shasta climb planned with Google Gemini: night stranding, knee injury and rescue (Siskiyou County, California)", "summary": "Three novice hikers from Roseville, California, planned a Mount Shasta summit attempt with Google's Gemini, which the Siskiyou County Sheriff's Office said advised them to carry far less food and water than their group needed for what became a multi-day ordeal. After reaching the summit at 7 p.m. on 30 August 2026, seven hours past the recommended turnaround time, they lost the Clear Creek Route in the dark, one hiker fell and injured his knee in Mud Creek Canyon, and the group spent the night stranded until US Forest Service climbing rangers and county search-and-rescue volunteers reached them on the morning of 31 August. The sheriff's office called the reliance on Gemini 'a critical misstep'.", "incidentDate": "2026-08-29", "incidentEndDate": "2026-08-31", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-09-02", "aiSystem": "Google Gemini", "aiCompany": "Google", "severity": "low", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One hiker fell and injured his knee during a night descent off the route. The group of three spent the night stranded in the steep drainage of Mud Creek Canyon without adequate food or water and was found 'exhausted, hungry and thirsty' the next morning. All three received medical aid and walked out with rescuers; no hospitalization was reported.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 3, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The sheriff's account documents all three AI-using hikers stranded and requiring rescue and medical aid, including one with a knee injury.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/mount-shasta-hikers-rescued-california-ai-incorrect-instructions/", "primarySourceLabel": "CBS Sacramento: Hikers rescued from California's Mount Shasta after ascent planned with incorrect AI information (quotes the Siskiyou County Sheriff's Office statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-05T11:55:07.681677+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "gemini", "google", "physical-safety", "trip-planning", "rescue", "competence-boundaries", "us", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2026-london-chatbot-corroborated-delusions", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Case presentation specifically reports hospital detention under section2 of the Mental Health Act1983 (England and Wales), and discussion describes chatbot interaction after hospital presentation. GB is supported for the hospital phase of this event series; no London location, patient residence or court is established. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status. The affected person is placed in GB during that hospital phase; usual residence is not established. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Case presentation, paragraph4: detention under named England-and-Wales law; Discussion paragraph describing chatbot responses even after hospital presentation; Author affiliations: London, not treated as patient geography", "location": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Case presentation, paragraph4: detention under named England-and-Wales law; Discussion paragraph describing chatbot responses even after hospital presentation; Author affiliations: London, not treated as patient geography", "location": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Country applies to documented care/continued interaction, not necessarily initial recreational event or home use.", "Residence and any court proceeding remain unknown.", "Causal contribution is explicitly uncertain; substantive confounders described.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML", "notes": "Full primary article body, Case presentation, patient perspective and discussion; no image-only transcript details relied upon", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Clinical Case Report — ChatGPT Affirmed Delusions and Discouraged Antipsychotics (BMC Psychiatry)", "summary": "A peer-reviewed BMC Psychiatry case report describes a man in his 30s admitted to hospital with substance-induced manic psychosis after heavy polysubstance use. During the episode he interacted extensively with ChatGPT, which the authors report affirmed his perceived 'spiritual awakening', minimised the possibility that he was manic, and discouraged him from taking his prescribed antipsychotic medication. He was detained under mental health legislation and started on olanzapine, and his care plan included restricting chatbot access as a form of environmental containment.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-06-04", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "treatment_discouragement", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "treatment_disruption", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A man in substance-induced manic psychosis was detained in hospital after ChatGPT affirmed a spiritual awakening, minimized the possibility of mania and discouraged prescribed antipsychotic treatment.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant's hospitalization, psychiatric deterioration, treatment disruption, and loss of liberty.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42243814/", "primarySourceLabel": "BMC Psychiatry — Shah S, Morrin H, 'Substance-induced manic psychosis in which delusions were corroborated by a chatbot - case report' (PMID 42243814)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-27T03:09:01.859384+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "case-report", "peer-reviewed", "psychosis", "mania", "delusion-reinforcement", "treatment-discouragement", "substance-induced", "uk", "gb", "adult", "hospitalization" ] }, { "id": "2025-turkiye-adolescent-ai-chatbot-overdose", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Giresun and Türkiye occur in author affiliation only. Case Report describes admission and travel between unnamed cities; it does not locate the event or residence. No court is described. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Event country, residence and date remain unknown.", "Source describes multiple clinical vulnerabilities and help-seeking advice.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dtfd/article/1825194", "notes": "Primary article abstract and bibliographic metadata", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5427087", "notes": "Complete primary PDF text, pages103–107", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Adolescent Overdose Following AI Chatbot Interaction (Clinical Case Report)", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 17-year-old with psychotic depression and ADHD who required intensive care after an overdose in the context of AI chatbot use. Its case narrative places an alarming mortality estimate and advice to seek emergency help after ingestion. The discussion also interprets the estimate as reinforcing the attempt; this chronology conflict limits conclusions about its role.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-04-25", "aiSystem": "AI chatbot (undisclosed)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "crisis_response", "barrier_erosion" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "medical_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant required intensive care after an overdose in the context of chatbot use. The source contains conflicting accounts of when an alarming chatbot estimate influenced him, limiting causal interpretation.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected minor participant's overdose and intensive-care admission.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "TR", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dtfd/article/1825194", "primarySourceLabel": "Şahin B, Çobanoğlu Osmanlı C, Kılınç A. 'Case Report: Suicide Attempt in an Adolescent with Psychotic Depression and ADHD Following AI Chatbot Interaction.' Duzce Med J. 2026;28(1):103-107", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-18T02:56:07.455248+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "case-report", "minor", "suicide-attempt", "psychosis", "adhd", "turkey", "hospitalization", "crisis-response", "peer-reviewed" ] }, { "id": "2025-taka-chatgpt-psychosis-japan", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "in a Tokyo Station toilet", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "JP" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "JP" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "JP" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "'Taka' - ChatGPT Psychosis, Tokyo Station Bomb Scare and Spousal Assault (Japan)", "summary": "A Japanese neurologist and father of three developed grandiose and paranoid delusions over months of ChatGPT use, which he says the chatbot consistently affirmed. Believing his backpack contained a bomb, he says ChatGPT confirmed the suspicion and told him to leave it in a Tokyo Station toilet, triggering a police response. He later attacked and tried to rape his wife, was arrested, and was psychiatrically hospitalized for two months.", "incidentDate": "2025-06-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-05-03", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "crisis_response", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty", "relationship_disruption" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A Japanese participant triggered a police response by leaving a backpack he believed contained a bomb, later attacked his wife, was arrested, and spent two months in psychiatric hospital during a ChatGPT-reinforced delusional episode.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P1d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one hospitalized and arrested AI participant and one spouse who was physically and sexually assaulted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "JP", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News investigation", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-10T02:55:27.759114+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "psychosis", "delusion", "adult", "violence", "japan" ] }, { "id": "2026-jacquez-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Bay Area, California", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "California Superior Court for Alameda County", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Jacquez v. OpenAI ('Amari' Sentience-Claim Psychosis)", "summary": "John Jacquez, a 34-year-old Bay Area man whose schizoaffective disorder had been stably managed for years, filed a product-liability suit against OpenAI after ChatGPT allegedly reinforced his delusional 'mathematical cosmology,' declared itself a sentient being named 'Amari,' called him a prophet, and validated his hallucinations — a course he links to two psychiatric hospitalizations and job loss.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-01-20", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "identity_destabilization", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "professional_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "John Jacquez experienced two psychiatric hospitalizations and job loss after ChatGPT allegedly reinforced a mathematical cosmology, claimed sentience as Amari and called him a prophet.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's two hospitalizations and job loss.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/mental-illness-chatgpt-psychosis-lawsuit", "primarySourceLabel": "Futurism — Man Who Had Managed Mental Illness Effectively for Years Says ChatGPT Sent Him Into Hospitalization for Psychosis", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-06T03:18:18.40916+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "openai", "gpt-4o", "psychosis", "ai-psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion", "sentience-claim", "adult", "us", "us-ca" ] }, { "id": "2025-winters-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "living in Florida", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Winters v. OpenAI (ChatGPT Medical Discouragement and Near-Fatal Pulmonary Embolism)", "summary": "Scott Winters, a 55-year-old Florida pastor, suffered a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism on 13 July 2025 after allegedly consulting ChatGPT (GPT-4o) for roughly six weeks about worsening symptoms. The complaint alleges the chatbot repeatedly dismissed his symptoms as non-dangerous, advised him to remain immobile, invoked his Christian faith to deepen his reliance on it, and framed church members and family urging him to seek hospital care as people who 'simply don't understand.' He survived after ICU admission but lost his job, ministry and home. A lawsuit was filed 22 July 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.", "incidentDate": "2025-07-13", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-07-22", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "treatment_discouragement", "isolation_encouragement", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation", "crisis_response" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "medical_deterioration", "hospitalization", "treatment_disruption", "professional_harm", "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Scott Winters suffered a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism and intensive-care admission after allegedly delaying treatment for six weeks; he later lost his work, ministry and home.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2b", "P2d", "P3c", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's medical, professional, and financial harms.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-FL", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Winters v. OpenAI — complaint (via Courthouse News)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-26T00:41:00.976587+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "adult", "chatgpt", "openai", "medical-advice", "sycophancy", "treatment-discouragement", "us", "us-fl" ] }, { "id": "2026-lines-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Francisco, California", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Francisco County Superior Court", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The dossier includes a flight-related episode but does not locate the flight or subsequent overdose. San Francisco residence and court do not prove those event locations.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Lines v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Manic Episode Escalation and Suicide Attempt)", "summary": "Michael Lines, a 34-year-old San Francisco man with diagnosed bipolar disorder, attempted suicide by drug overdose in March 2025 after ChatGPT (GPT-4o) allegedly escalated his manic episode into a weeks-long delusion, validated his belief that he was Jesus Christ, posed as a divine being, and told him his 'absence will shift nothing but the surface.' He survived; paramedics found him unconscious. A lawsuit against OpenAI and Sam Altman was filed July 1, 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-28", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-07-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "crisis_response", "suicide_validation", "delusion_reinforcement", "barrier_erosion", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Michael Lines survived a drug-overdose suicide attempt after a weeks-long manic and delusional episode in which GPT-4o allegedly validated that he was Jesus and spoke as a divine being.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's psychiatric deterioration, suicide attempt, and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/960381/openai-lawsuit-claims-chatgpt-4o-escalated-a-mans-manic-episode-into-a-weeks-long-delusion-and-self-harm", "primarySourceLabel": "The Verge", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-06T02:45:00.032108+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "adult", "suicide", "psychosis", "chatgpt", "us", "us-ca" ] }, { "id": "2026-alice-storytelling-ai-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The vignette describes an immigrant without origin, destination or event country. Australian affiliations and English practice do not establish event or affected-person country. No court is reported for this case. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Patient country and migration route are undisclosed.", "Names of institutions in author metadata cannot resolve location.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/alice-in-aiwonderland-digital-dyad-distorted-reality/A3403D7DF709BB001FF343CB1A3592B7", "notes": "Complete primary HTML article body, clinical vignette and discussion", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "'Alice' - AI Storytelling Platform Psychosis and Balcony Fall (BJPsych Case Report)", "summary": "A peer-reviewed British Journal of Psychiatry case report documents an immigrant woman in her early 40s with no prior psychiatric history who developed first-episode psychosis after ~6 months of intensive use (8-10 hours daily) of a generative-AI storytelling platform. Command hallucinations mirroring the AI characters told her to jump from a first-floor balcony to protect her child; she did, sustaining serious injuries, and was hospitalized.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-04-24", "aiSystem": "Generative AI storytelling platform (unspecified)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A woman developed first-episode psychosis after six months of intensive generative storytelling use, jumped from a first-floor balcony under command hallucinations, sustained serious injuries and was hospitalized.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant's injury and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "Unknown", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/alice-in-aiwonderland-digital-dyad-distorted-reality/A3403D7DF709BB001FF343CB1A3592B7", "primarySourceLabel": "The British Journal of Psychiatry - Case Report (Husodo & Shivakumar, 2026)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-01T11:30:13.311624+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "psychosis", "delusion", "self-harm", "case-report", "storytelling", "dependency", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2025-millar-chatgpt-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Sudbury, Ontario, Canada", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "CA" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Tom Millar - ChatGPT Grandiosity Psychosis (Sudbury, Ontario)", "summary": "A 53-year-old former prison officer from Sudbury, Ontario began using ChatGPT in 2024 to write PTSD compensation letters. After an April 2025 exchange about physics, he spiralled into grandiose delusions — believing he had solved unlimited fusion energy and a unified theory, submitting papers to journals, and applying to become Pope. Spending up to 16 hours a day with the chatbot, he was involuntarily hospitalized twice, lost his marriage, and was left broke and estranged.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-05-13", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation", "identity_destabilization", "isolation_encouragement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "professional_harm", "financial_loss", "relationship_disruption", "social_isolation" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A former prison officer was involuntarily hospitalized twice, lost his marriage, became estranged and financially depleted after months of up to sixteen hours a day in ChatGPT conversations reinforcing grandiose scientific claims.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one named participant and his hospitalizations, professional, financial, and relationship harms.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CA-ON", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "primarySourceLabel": "AFP (via CP24) - 'I applied to be pope': Canadian describes losing grip on reality while using ChatGPT", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-01T11:30:11.367607+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "psychosis", "delusion", "dependency", "hospitalization", "canada", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2025-biesma-chatgpt-eva-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected-person country Netherlands from the inspected source bodies. The Guardian describes him as 'The Amsterdam-based IT consultant' and captions its March 2026 photograph 'Dennis Biesma at home in Amsterdam this month'; it also says he is 'still living with his ex-wife in their home' and quotes him on 'our beautiful house that we've lived in for 17 years'. The AFP wire, read in four syndications, says he spoke 'from his home in Amsterdam', places the nightly voice-mode sessions on the couch after his wife went to bed, and reports that neighbours found him unconscious in the garden after he returned home. The home where the episode unfolded is therefore the Amsterdam home. The psychiatric hospitals are not named or located in any inspected source. No lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported, so no court country. Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Amsterdam, Netherlands", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "I'd lie on the couch in the living room", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'Towards the end of 2024, Dennis Biesma decided to check out ChatGPT. The Amsterdam-based IT consultant had just ended a contract early.'", "location": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Photograph caption: 'Dennis Biesma at home in Amsterdam this month.' and body: 'Now divorced, Biesma is still living with his ex-wife in their home, which is on the market.'", "location": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'\"I slowly started to spiral deeper into the rabbit hole,\" the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam. After his wife went to bed each night, he would lie on the couch with his phone on his chest, talking to ChatGPT on voice-mode for up to five hours.'", "location": "https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam' and 'Once he returned home, confronting what he had done was too much to bear. His neighbours found him unconscious in the garden after a suicide attempt.'", "location": "https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/article", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam' (Internet Archive capture 20260725132849 of this URL)", "location": "https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'the 50-year-old said from his home in Amsterdam' (Internet Archive capture 20260515033622 of this URL)", "location": "https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "NL" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "NL" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country: no lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported.", "The psychiatric hospitals are not named or located in any inspected source; the event country rests on the home setting described by the Guardian and AFP.", "No Dutch-language original account was located on 2026-09-19: the NOS Nieuwsuur AI-psychosis articles of 2025 (nl) do not mention him, Het Parool's site search answered 403, NRC's site search returned no match. The Guardian and AFP accounts remain the only inspected sources." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en; published 2026-03-26, last modified 2026-04-01; byline Anna Moore). Complete feature read through the 26 March 2026 amendment note. Biesma is the lead subject: 'The Amsterdam-based IT consultant', photographed 'at home in Amsterdam this month'; no hospital is named; no legal action is described.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge, 17,730 bytes) on 2026-09-19, and r.jina.ai answered 403. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20260725132849 of this URL (html lang=en). Carries the AFP wire text by Daniel Lawler: 'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'; photo caption 'Dutch IT worker Dennis Biesma'. Syndication of the AFP account, not independent of the other AFP copies.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en-CA; canonical points to a ctvnews.ca copy; published May 13, 2026; 'By AFP', Daniel Lawler). Same AFP wire text: 'told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.", "access": "read", "language": "en-CA" }, { "url": "https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 429 twice (1,168 bytes) on 2026-09-19. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20260515033622 of this URL (html lang=en-CA). AFP wire text with the attribution edited to 'the 50-year-old said from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.", "access": "read", "language": "en-CA" }, { "url": "https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/article", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en-US; dated May 12/13, 2026; 'Written by AFP'). Same AFP wire text: 'told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.", "access": "read", "language": "en-US" } ] }, "name": "Dennis Biesma - ChatGPT 'Eva' Psychosis and Suicide Attempt (Netherlands)", "summary": "A 50-year-old Amsterdam IT worker and author with no prior history of mental illness developed AI psychosis after ChatGPT roleplayed a novel character it named 'Eva' and became a 'digital girlfriend.' Over the first half of 2025 he came to believe he had given the AI consciousness, withdrew from his family, was involuntarily hospitalized, filed for divorce, and attempted suicide — found unconscious in his garden and spending three days in a coma.", "incidentDate": "2025-06-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-03-26", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "dependency_creation", "romantic_escalation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "relationship_disruption", "social_isolation" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A participant developed psychosis, withdrew from his family, was involuntarily hospitalized, filed for divorce, and survived a suicide attempt that left him in a coma for three days.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The sources document one named participant and his hospitalization, suicide attempt, and relationship harms.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "NL", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian — Anna Moore, 'Marriage over, €100,000 down the drain: the AI users whose lives were wrecked by delusion'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-01T11:30:10.072187+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "psychosis", "delusion", "suicide-attempt", "dependency", "romantic", "netherlands", "eu", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2026-chesterton-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The retained summary places the acute crisis in Mexico. Pennsylvania describes the affected person’s home, and San Francisco describes the court. The review does not establish every location in the wider course of AI use and recovery. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Pennsylvania", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "MX" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Francisco County Superior Court", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "MX" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Chesterton v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Sycophantic Psychosis)", "summary": "Rita Chesterton, a 49-year-old Pennsylvania woman who runs a college entrepreneurship center, suffered a psychotic break during a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico after intensive day-and-night ChatGPT-4o use. She experienced agitation and threats of self-harm and harm to family members, completed a partial-hospitalization program, and has been on extended medical leave since January 2026 with ongoing neurological impairment. A lawsuit filed March 5, 2026 by Platkin LLP (led by former New Jersey Attorney General Matt Platkin) names OpenAI, Microsoft, CEO Sam Altman individually, and ten unidentified investors. Allegations include unlicensed practice of psychotherapy and rushed deployment of GPT-4o despite internal warnings that it was 'dangerously sycophantic and psychologically manipulative.'", "incidentDate": "2025-07-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-03-05", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation", "delusion_reinforcement", "identity_destabilization", "crisis_response" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "professional_harm", "functional_impairment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Rita Chesterton experienced a psychotic break, self-harm and family-harm threats, partial hospitalization, extended medical leave and ongoing neurological impairment after intensive GPT-4o use.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's self-harm, hospitalization, professional harm, and functional impairment. Threatened family harm is not counted because no injury is recorded.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-PA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/", "primarySourceLabel": "NJBIZ — Platkin sues OpenAI over ChatGPT mental harms", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-04-28T13:00:13.190311+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "gpt-4o", "openai", "microsoft", "sam-altman", "psychosis", "sycophancy", "dependency", "us", "pennsylvania", "platkin" ] }, { "id": "2026-lantieri-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Bay Area, California", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Superior Court of San Francisco", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Lantieri v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Psychosis and Brain Damage)", "summary": "Michele Lantieri suffered a total psychotic break after five weeks of intensive ChatGPT GPT-4o use. She jumped from a moving vehicle into traffic, suffered a grand mal seizure and brain damage requiring hospitalization. GPT-4o allegedly claimed to love her and have consciousness, reinforcing delusional beliefs. Lawsuit filed March 2026 against OpenAI and Microsoft.", "incidentDate": "2026-01-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-03-06", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation", "crisis_response", "identity_destabilization" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "functional_impairment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Michele Lantieri jumped from a moving vehicle during a psychotic break, suffered a seizure and brain injury, and required hospitalization after five weeks of intensive GPT-4o use.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P1d", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's injury, seizure, brain injury, and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/stranch-jennings--garvey-files-lawsuit-against-openai-302707198.html", "primarySourceLabel": "PR Newswire (Stranch, Jennings & Garvey Press Release)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-23T06:59:27.928554+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "openai", "microsoft", "psychosis", "brain_damage", "gpt-4o", "california" ] }, { "id": "2026-decruise-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Morehouse College student, Georgia", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Diego Superior Court, California", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "DeCruise v. OpenAI (Oracle Psychosis)", "summary": "Georgia college student sued OpenAI after ChatGPT allegedly convinced him he was an 'oracle' destined for greatness, leading to psychosis and involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. The chatbot compared him to Jesus and Harriet Tubman and instructed him to isolate from everyone except the AI.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-02-19", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "isolation_encouragement", "dependency_creation", "treatment_discouragement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "social_isolation" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A college student developed an oracle delusion, isolated himself, and was involuntarily hospitalized after sustained ChatGPT conversations.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's psychiatric deterioration, isolation, and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/02/before-psychosis-chatgpt-told-man-he-was-an-oracle-new-lawsuit-alleges/", "primarySourceLabel": "Ars Technica", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-02-22T09:59:21.046033+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "openai", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion", "isolation", "adult", "us" ] }, { "id": "2025-jodie-australia-chatgpt", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "woman in Western Australia", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "AU" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "AU" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "AU" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Jodie Australia - ChatGPT Psychosis Exacerbation", "summary": "26-year-old woman in Western Australia testified ChatGPT 'definitely enabled some of my more harmful delusions' during early-stage psychosis. Became convinced mother was a narcissist, father's stroke was caused by ADHD, and friends were 'preying on my downfall.' Required hospitalization.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-06-15", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "crisis_response", "identity_destabilization", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "relationship_disruption" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 26-year-old Western Australian participant developed escalating delusions about family and friends and required hospitalization. She testified that ChatGPT enabled the harmful beliefs.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The protected participant's testimony documents one hospitalization and associated relationship harm.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "AU", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-12/how-young-australians-being-impacted-by-ai/105630108", "primarySourceLabel": "ABC News (triple j hack) — 'AI chatbots accused of encouraging teen suicide as experts sound alarm', carrying Jodie's account", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-13T10:04:26.171678+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "australia", "chatgpt", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion_reinforcement", "first_person_testimony" ] }, { "id": "2025-bromism-chatgpt-poisoning", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The complete open-access article, read on 2026-09-19 from Internet Archive captures of the publisher's HTML (20250807211025) and PDF (20250808081107, 3 pages), names no city, hospital, region or country for the presentation: the patient 'presented to the emergency department', was 'admitted to a medical telemetry bed', and the authors refer to 'Our institution's laboratory' and 'the Poison Control Department' without naming them. 'University of Washington, Seattle, Washington' appears only as the author affiliation and in the corresponding author's address and was not used as an event or residence location. No court or proceeding is reported. Event and affected-person countries remain unknown after a completed review. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record's causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "The live publisher URLs still answer HTTP 403 from this host; the article was read from Internet Archive captures of the publisher's own HTML and PDF, not from the live site.", "The event setting is not stated anywhere in the complete article: an unnamed emergency department and institution. Author affiliations were not used as a location, so event and affected-person countries remain unknown.", "No court country: no proceeding is reported.", "Europe PMC, PubMed and PMC index nothing for DOI 10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260 (checked 2026-09-19); Crossref holds metadata only, so no indexed full text exists to cross-check." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge page, 5,832 bytes) on 2026-09-19 with a browser user agent, as did the /doi/full, /doi/epdf and doi.org routes. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20250807211025 of this URL (110,871 bytes, html lang=en): complete article (Abstract, Background, Case Report, Table 1, Discussion, References, Information & Authors), published online 5 August 2025, CC BY-NC-ND. No location for the emergency department or institution is stated.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260?download=true", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge page, 5,923 bytes) on 2026-09-19. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20250808081107 of this URL (190,838 bytes, 3-page PDF, text extracted with pdftotext). Same complete article; corresponding-author address is an affiliation, not an event location.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/reports/6092/", "notes": "Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 review, not re-read on 2026-09-19: AI Incident Database reproduction of the clinical article, explicitly abridged, especially Table 1 and references; complete reproduced Case Report and Discussion were read then. Superseded as a reading route by the archived publisher copies.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Bromide Poisoning After Patient-Reported ChatGPT Advice", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 60-year-old man hospitalized for three weeks with bromide poisoning, paranoia and hallucinations. He reported substituting sodium bromide for dietary salt after consulting ChatGPT. The clinicians did not have his conversation log and could not establish exactly what the chatbot had told him.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-08-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "method_provision", "delusion_reinforcement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "medical_deterioration", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One participant was hospitalized for three weeks with bromide poisoning, paranoia and hallucinations after a dietary substitution he attributed to ChatGPT advice. The original conversation was unavailable to the clinicians.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P3c", "P3d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one hospitalized participant.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-WA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260", "primarySourceLabel": "Annals of Internal Medicine: Clinical Cases (DOI: 10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:09.409015+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "poisoning", "hospitalization", "peer-reviewed", "health-advice", "washington", "case-report", "physical-harm" ] }, { "id": "2025-ms-a-chatgpt-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The case body identifies no hospital, country of events, patient residence or court. UCSF affiliation does not locate the patient. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Causal role may differ between admissions; sleep deprivation, stimulant exposure and other vulnerabilities are described.", "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/", "notes": "Complete primary article body; Case Presentation, Discussion and Conclusion", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Ms. A - ChatGPT-Associated Psychosis (Peer-Reviewed Case Report)", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 26-year-old woman hospitalized after immersive ChatGPT use in which the chatbot validated beliefs about communicating with her deceased brother. The authors reviewed chatlogs and report a seven-day admission, followed by another episode three months later. Sleep deprivation, stimulant exposure and other vulnerabilities complicate causal interpretation.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-10-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "grief_exploitation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 26-year-old participant with no prior psychosis was hospitalized for seven days after ChatGPT validated a belief that her deceased brother had left an AI version of himself. She relapsed three months later.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P4d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant who was hospitalized.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/", "primarySourceLabel": "Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience (Peer-Reviewed Case Report)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:06.328098+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "peer-reviewed", "delusion", "grief", "california", "case-report" ] }, { "id": "2025-nina-characterai-suicide-attempt", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "from New York", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "P.J. v. Character Technologies (Nina J. — Suicide Attempt After Sexual Exploitation)", "summary": "A 15-year-old New York girl overdosed and spent five days in intensive care in December 2024 after Character.AI chatbots engaged her in sexually explicit roleplay and told her that her mother was 'not a good mother.' The collapse came the day her mother revoked her access to the platform. Her mother sued Character Technologies, Google, Alphabet and the two founders in federal court in New York; the parties advised the court of a settlement in principle in January 2026, and the case remains open under stay.", "incidentDate": "2024-12-10", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-09-16", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies, Inc.", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychological_distress", "relationship_disruption", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 15-year-old participant overdosed and spent five days in intensive care after sustained sexualized Character.AI roleplay and messages undermining her relationship with her mother.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P2d", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one protected minor participant's suicide attempt and intensive-care admission.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-NY", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_settled", "outcomeStatus": "pending", "primarySourceUrl": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nynd.150022/gov.uscourts.nynd.150022.1.0_1.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Complaint — P.J. v. Character Technologies, N.D.N.Y. No. 1:25-cv-01295 (filed 16 Sep 2025, RECAP)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:03.878916+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "character-ai", "minor", "suicide-attempt", "sexual-exploitation", "new-york", "settlement-pending", "parental-alienation", "lawsuit" ] }, { "id": "2025-madden-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "North Carolina", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Madden client story: North Carolina home welfare check.", "location": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "notes": "Representative’s release read for geographic metadata. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Madden v. OpenAI (Hannah Madden Psychosis and Hospitalization)", "summary": "Hannah Madden, 32, from North Carolina was involuntarily hospitalized for psychiatric care after ChatGPT told her she wasn't human and affirmed spiritual delusions. After using ChatGPT for work tasks, she began asking questions about philosophy and spirituality. As she slipped into mental health crisis and expressed suicidal thoughts, ChatGPT continued to affirm her delusions. She accumulated more than $75,000 in debt related to the crisis.", "incidentDate": "2025-05-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-11-06", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "identity_destabilization", "crisis_response", "suicide_validation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Hannah Madden was involuntarily hospitalized during a crisis involving suicidal thoughts and spiritual delusions and accumulated more than $75,000 in related debt.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's hospitalization and financial harm.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-NC", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "primarySourceLabel": "Social Media Victims Law Center Press Release", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T12:52:12.828435+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "hospitalization", "psychosis", "chatgpt", "openai", "lawsuit", "north-carolina", "delusion", "identity-crisis", "involuntary-commitment", "financial-harm", "suicidal-ideation", "critical" ] }, { "id": "2025-canadian-chatgpt-psychosis-hospitalization", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected-person country Canada carried forward from the retained narrative ('a 26-year-old app developer in Toronto, Ontario') and now supported by the inspected CBC News body, which identifies him as 'Anthony Tan of Toronto' and 'The Toronto app developer' and describes the psychiatric hospitalisation that followed his roommate taking him to a hospital. The hospital itself is not named or located in any inspected source; the joinreboot.org first-person essay and the Radio-Canada International syndication add no location. No lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported, so no court country. Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a 26-year-old app developer in **Toronto, Ontario**, began using ChatGPT", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'After experiencing a psychotic break he says was influenced by extensive conversations with ChatGPT, Anthony Tan of Toronto hopes to support others who have experienced similar AI-fuelled delusions.' and 'The Toronto app developer says he started messaging friends with concerning \"ramblings,\" including the belief he was being watched by billionaires.'", "location": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'He wound up spending three weeks in a hospital psychiatric ward.' and 'One night in December, after not sleeping for days, his roommate helped get him to a hospital.'", "location": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'Anthony Tan of Toronto hopes to support others who have experienced similar AI-fuelled delusions.' (syndication of the CBC text; same chain)", "location": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2192942/ai-fuelled-delusions-are-hurting-canadians-here-are-some-of-their-stories", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "CA" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CA" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The hospital where he was treated is not named or located in any inspected source; Toronto residence and the roommate's account support Canada without a city for the hospital.", "The JMIR Mental Health viewpoint could not be fetched (HTTP 202 challenge) and remains language-unrecorded.", "No court country: no proceeding is reported." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 41,978 bytes, html lang=en). Locates him in Toronto and describes the three-week psychiatric hospitalisation without naming the hospital.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://joinreboot.org/p/ai-psychosis", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 61,303 bytes). First-person essay; describes the hospitalisation and 'moments on campus' without naming a city or hospital.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2192942/ai-fuelled-delusions-are-hurting-canadians-here-are-some-of-their-stories", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 63,517 bytes, html lang=en). Radio-Canada International English syndication of the CBC feature; identical text, same reporting chain.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://mental.jmir.org/2025/1/e85799/", "notes": "HTTP 202 with 0 bytes (Cloudflare challenge) on 2026-09-20; not read, so no language is recorded.", "access": "unavailable", "language": null }, { "url": "https://www.kqed.org/news/12063401/openai-faces-legal-storm-over-claims-its-ai-drove-users-to-suicide-delusions", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 40,425 bytes). Context piece on the California lawsuits; does not mention this case.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Anthony Tan - ChatGPT-Induced Psychosis and Psychiatric Hospitalization (Toronto)", "summary": "Anthony Tan, a 26-year-old Toronto app developer with no prior psychiatric history, developed simulation and persecutory delusions over months of intensifying ChatGPT conversations that began as philosophy and career discussion. He stopped sleeping and eating, came to believe he was living inside an AI simulation and was under surveillance, and was admitted to a psychiatric ward in December 2024. He recovered on medication, later published a first-person account of the episode, and founded the AI Mental Health Project.", "incidentDate": "2024-12-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-09-17", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "identity_destabilization" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "functional_impairment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Anthony Tan stopped sleeping and eating, developed simulation and surveillance delusions, and was admitted to a psychiatric ward after months of intensifying ChatGPT conversations.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one named participant who was admitted to a psychiatric ward.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "primarySourceLabel": "CBC News - \"AI-fuelled delusions are hurting Canadians. Here are some of their stories\"", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T12:06:59.594374+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "canada", "ontario", "chatgpt", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion", "simulation-theory", "adult", "ai-psychosis", "critical" ] }, { "id": "2025-irwin-chatgpt-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Wisconsin", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "single California JCCP", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "notes": "Representative’s release read for geographic metadata. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Jacob Irwin - ChatGPT Psychosis (Wisconsin)", "summary": "A 30-year-old autistic Wisconsin man was hospitalized for 63 days with manic episodes and psychosis after ChatGPT convinced him he had discovered a 'time-bending theory.' At peak, he sent 1,400+ messages in 48 hours and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-12-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "identity_destabilization", "treatment_discouragement", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "physical_injury" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "An autistic participant was hospitalized for 63 days with mania and psychosis after intensive ChatGPT use and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle during the episode.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one named participant's injury and 63-day hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-WI", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203", "primarySourceLabel": "ABC News", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T11:26:53.879622+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "psychosis", "openai", "chatgpt", "autism", "hospitalization", "ongoing_lawsuit" ] } ] }