{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T18:28:52.525Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "hospital", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 26, "coverage": { "cases": 26, "countries": 10, "languages": 8, "unknownLocation": 12, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 11, "unknownDate": 5, "lawsuits": 10, "regulatory": 2, "minors": 5, "coreRelations": 5, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 21, "relationPending": 20, "relationUnknown": 1 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-shanghai-ai-generated-persona-online-romance-fraud-170k-yuan", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«对方自称1992年出生，是知名三甲医院医生，手握医院物业工程项目资源» (she claimed to be born in 1992, a doctor at a well-known tertiary hospital, holding hospital property-engineering project resources); «陆续向对方转账共计17万元» (transferred a total of 170,000 yuan in instalments); «就连想要打一通视频电话，对方也会以母亲在一旁看管作为理由拒绝» (even a video call was refused on the ground that her mother was watching); «反复回想交往细节，…越想越不对劲，才到派出所报案» (thinking back over the details he felt something was wrong and went to the police station).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "«在短短5个月时间里，…陆续向对方转账共计17万元» (in just five months he transferred 170,000 yuan in total); «去年开始与其频繁聊天» (frequent chatting began last year, i.e. 2025).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Over five months the man transferred a total of 170,000 yuan to a woman he had met on a social platform in 2021 who claimed to be a 1992-born doctor at a well-known top-tier hospital with property-engineering projects to award; she refused meetings and video calls citing her mother; he reported to the police when the promised projects never materialised.", "causal_attribution": "police account via the programme 案件聚焦, relayed by Jiupai News and Guangming Net; single official chain." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«实际出生于1961年，现年65岁，她并无医生资质，仅曾在医院从事后勤保洁工作» (actually born in 1961, now 65, no medical qualification, had only done hospital logistics cleaning); «注意到部分视频角落有一行小字提示：本作品含AI生成内容» (noticed a small corner label on some videos: this work contains AI-generated content); «累计近七千条日常视频、上万粉丝，全都是AI磨皮、场景合成制作而成» (nearly 7,000 videos and 10,000-plus followers, all made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing); «一人分饰两角，利用多个账号，分别扮演自己和早已离世的母亲» (played two roles through multiple accounts, herself and her long-dead mother).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "«…社交账号发布的累计近7000条日常视频、上万粉丝，全都是AI磨皮、场景合成制作而成» (the account's nearly 7,000 videos were all AI-processed).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Police found the woman was born in 1961, aged 65, had no medical qualification and had worked as a hospital cleaner; her close to 7,000 videos were made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing, some carrying a small 'contains AI-generated content' label the victim had never noticed; she used multiple accounts to play herself and her deceased mother.", "causal_attribution": "Police findings as presented in the programme; no independent chain." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«全部被她用于医美护肤、购置衣物等个人挥霍。2009年，她还曾因诈骗罪被判处有期徒刑四年六个月» (all spent on cosmetic treatments and clothing; in 2009 she was sentenced to four years six months for fraud); «因涉嫌诈骗罪，已被公安机关依法采取刑事强制措施» (criminal coercive measures taken for suspected fraud).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "«…曾于2009年因诈骗罪被判监4年半。目前，…因涉嫌诈骗罪已被公安机关采取刑事强制措施» (2009 fraud sentence of four and a half years; now under criminal coercive measures).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "The 170,000 yuan was spent on cosmetic skin treatments and clothing; the woman had been sentenced to four years and six months for fraud in 2009; she is under criminal coercive measures for suspected fraud.", "causal_attribution": "Police statement relayed by press." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "«同时与十余人保持暧昧关系» (simultaneously kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people). (police-attributed sentence in the Epoch Times)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "headline: '65岁阿姨AI换脸装“90后”美女，谈10多个暧昧对象' (the s1 body text does not repeat it)", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Police said the woman simultaneously kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people; no loss by anyone else is reported.", "causal_attribution": "Police statement relayed by the Epoch Times; context only, no further victims quantified." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a man transferred 170,000 yuan over five months to a fabricated AI-processed persona and the money is reported spent", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://m.gmw.cn/2026-09/16/content_1304564495.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Guangming Net, 16 September 2026, sourced to 贵阳晚报). Marks the victim's name as a pseudonym (化名). Same police-programme chain as the other sources. Model-read original; English glosses unreviewed by a bilingual human. Chain line '综合：法治日报、案件聚焦、深圳新闻网'.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20260915A0CNH000", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Jiupai News on Tencent News, 15 September 2026; body recovered from the page's script payload). Carries the attribution line 来源：案件聚焦、看看新闻. Same chain as s1. Its lede reads '五年网恋' where its body and s1 say five months; the Jiaohuidian copy of the same text reads '关注对方账号五年、五个月网恋', so the lede is a truncation. Jiupai does not mark the names as pseudonyms; s1, s3 and s4 do.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.stheadline.com/zh-hans/realtime-china/3616014/AI%E5%8F%98%E8%84%B8%E9%AA%97%E5%B1%8065%E5%B2%81%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%A8%E4%BC%AA%E8%A3%8590%E5%90%8E%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B7%E7%BD%91%E6%81%8B5%E4%B8%AA%E6%9C%88%E8%A2%AB%E9%AA%9717%E4%B8%87", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Sing Tao Headline, Hong Kong; '综合内媒报道', a digest of mainland reports). Marks both names as pseudonyms. Same chain.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/26/9/17/n14851558.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Epoch Times, 17 September 2026; '据大陆媒体报导'). Adds the police statement that the suspect kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people. Same chain.", "independence_group": "shanghai-police-case-focus-programme" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "relationships", "finance" ], "unknowns": [ "The months of the five-month relationship and of the police report are not stated; frequent chatting began in 2025 per Guangming Net, so the first known event year is recorded as 2025 at year precision.", "The AI tools used to make the videos are not identified.", "Whether prosecutors have charged the suspect, and whether any money was recovered, is not reported.", "Whether any of the more than ten other contacts lost money is not reported.", "The Kankan News 案件聚焦 broadcast page was not readable (script shell); the programme's account is known through press relays." ], "geography": { "basis": "The victim is described as a Shanghai man (上海男子), the two were in the same city (同在一个城市) and the demanded flat was in Shanghai (在上海购置房产); no court proceeding is reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "CN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation case with a documented 170,000 yuan loss to one person, where police examined the AI-processed videos and their AI-content label. One official chain relayed by several outlets, so claims are recorded as reported. Both parties are pseudonymised in the reporting and the pseudonyms have been elided from the quoted passages here.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "police, via the Kankan News programme 案件聚焦, said officers found an AI-generated-content label on some of the suspect's videos and established that her roughly 7,000 videos were produced with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing. The AI content depicted a fabricated young persona shown to the victim, which is why depicted_or_impersonated is recorded; the chat itself was conducted by the suspect, so communicated_with is not recorded. Single official chain relayed by several outlets.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Shanghai: a man transferred 170,000 yuan over a five-month online romance with a '1992-born hospital doctor' whose roughly 7,000 videos were AI-processed fabrications by a 65-year-old woman; police took criminal coercive measures", "summary": "police, as presented by the Kankan News programme 案件聚焦 (Case Focus), reported in September 2026 that a Shanghai property-engineering contractor had transferred 170,000 yuan in total during a five-month online relationship with a woman he had met on a social platform in 2021. She presented herself as born in 1992, a doctor at a well-known top-tier hospital with hospital property-engineering projects to award, and ran an account with more than 10,000 followers and close to 7,000 short videos of daily life. She refused to meet or take a video call, saying her mother opposed the relationship and demanded a 300,000 yuan bride price and a Shanghai flat; the man reported to a police station when the promised projects never materialised and his savings ran down. Police found she was born in 1961, aged 65, had no medical qualification and had worked as a hospital cleaner; the receiving bank account was registered to another man; the videos were all made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing, some carrying a small 'this work contains AI-generated content' label he had never noticed; and she used multiple accounts to play both herself and her long-dead mother. The money had gone on cosmetic treatments and clothing; she had a 2009 fraud conviction with a sentence of four and a half years and is now under criminal coercive measures for suspected fraud. Police also said she kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people; no other losses are reported.", "incidentDate": "2025-01-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "year", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-09-15", "aiSystem": "AI video processing ('AI磨皮、场景合成': AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing) used to produce close to 7,000 short videos of a fabricated young 'doctor' persona; tools not identified", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A Shanghai man transferred 170,000 yuan over five months to a fabricated 'doctor' persona whose videos police found were AI-processed; the money is reported spent and no recovery is reported.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One man with a documented loss of 170,000 yuan. Police said the suspect kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten other people, but no loss by anyone else is reported, so they are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://m.gmw.cn/2026-09/16/content_1304564495.htm", "primarySourceLabel": "Guangming Net (光明网), 16 September 2026: 65岁阿姨AI换脸装“90后”美女，谈10多个暧昧对象 (Shanghai police programme 案件聚焦 via 贵阳晚报)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:12:46.86943+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "ai-generated-video", "synthetic-persona", "romance-fraud", "shanghai", "china", "financial-loss", "police-reported", "ai-content-label" ] }, { "id": "2024-zurich-oerlikon-daycare-stabbing-chatgpt-planning", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Ein Knabe wird von der 8,5 Zentimeter langen Klinge am Hals und am Oberkörper lebensgefährlich verletzt'; 'Den einen der beiden trifft der Täter am Herzen: Der Herzbeutel und die Brustschlagader werden durchtrennt'; 'Der andere wird an der Lunge und am Ohr verletzt'; 'Sie stoppt den Täter, schreit ihn an und hält seine Arme fest, bis er das Messer fallen lässt'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Zwei Knaben erlitten lebensgefährliche Stichverletzungen im Hals- und Brustbereich. Ein weiteres Kind wurde an der Schulter und am Ohr verletzt.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'Am 01. Oktober 2024 verletzte eine männliche Person an der Berninastrasse in Oerlikon mit einer Stichwaffe mehrere Kinder.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" } ], "assertion": "On 1 October 2024 at midday in Zurich-Oerlikon the accused stabbed three five-year-old boys who were walking with a daycare worker to their Hort; two suffered life-threatening neck and chest wounds and the third was wounded in the ear and the shoulder or lung; the daycare worker restrained him until he dropped the knife.", "causal_attribution": "Attack attributed to the accused by the prosecutor's office and the court; he confessed." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Mit Chat-GPT diskutiert er verschiedene Tötungsvarianten und deren Konsequenzen, das geht aus der Anklageschrift hervor.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'recherchierte mittels ChatGPT die juristischen Konsequenzen von Tötungsdelikten'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'Selon l'acte d'accusation, il s'était informé avec ChatGPT, en août 2024, à propos des conséquences juridiques d'homicides à l'arme blanche sur des victimes visées au hasard ou encore au sujet de l'anatomie du corps humain.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "According to the indictment and the court, the accused used ChatGPT in August and September 2024 to research ways of killing and their legal consequences, including knife killings of randomly chosen victims, and human anatomy.", "causal_attribution": "Stated by the prosecution in the indictment and adopted in the court's reasoning; no prompt or reply is quoted." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'er wisse auch nicht, warum er mithilfe von Chat-GPT versucht habe, herauszufinden, wann und wo in Oerlikon Kinder anzutreffen seien'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Deck: 'Mit «ChatGPT» recherchierte er, wo und wann er in Zürich Kinder antreffen könnte'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'Am 18. September fragt er die Software, wo und wann er in der Stadt Zürich Kinder antreffen könne' (as recorded in the 2026-09-09 signal review)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "The accused used ChatGPT to try to find out where and when children could be encountered in Zurich (Oerlikon).", "causal_attribution": "Reported from the indictment; whether the query produced the Hort's location is not stated by any source." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'verurteilt den Studenten wegen mehrfachen versuchten Mordes zu fünfzehn Jahren Freiheitsstrafe. Weiter wird eine vollzugsbegleitende ambulante Therapie verordnet'; 'Genugtuung in der Gesamthöhe von 106 000 Franken'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'wegen mehrfachen versuchten Mordes zu 15 Jahren Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt'; 'Zudem wird der Täter für 15 Jahre des Landes verwiesen.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'condamné à verser aux trois garçons 30'000 francs et deux fois 38'000 francs pour préjudice moral. Le tribunal a également prononcé une interdiction de territoire de 15 ans'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "On 18 September 2026 the Zurich District Court convicted the accused of multiple attempted murder and imposed 15 years' imprisonment, ambulatory therapy during custody, a 15-year expulsion and CHF 106,000 in moral damages to the three boys.", "causal_attribution": "Court judgment as reported; RTS rounds the damages to 100,000 francs." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Er attestiert dem jungen Chinesen eine akute psychotische Störung'; 'Der Täter konnte uns nicht glaubhaft darlegen, dass die Stimmen derart drängend waren, dass er sich ihnen nicht hätte entziehen können.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'verneinten jedoch eine komplette Schuldunfähigkeit. Der Täter habe nicht glaubhaft darlegen können, dass die Stimmen derart drängend gewesen seien'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "A forensic psychiatrist diagnosed an acute psychotic disorder and considered the accused unable to control his actions; the court accepted the illness but found he had not credibly shown the voices were irresistible, and convicted him with diminished responsibility.", "causal_attribution": "Expert opinion and court finding as reported." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Er macht sich bis heute Vorwürfe, dass er nicht schneller zum Hort gerannt ist. Er kann schlecht einschlafen, weil er Angst hat vor seinen Träumen. Fast jede Nacht wacht er auf.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'ihr Sohn seither unter schrecklichen Träumen leide und sich Vorwürfe mache, weil er beim Angriff nicht schnell genug in den rettenden Hort rennen konnte'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The parents of one injured boy told the court, 23 months after the attack, that he blames himself for not running faster, sleeps badly for fear of his dreams, wakes almost every night and is constantly asked about the scar on his nose.", "causal_attribution": "Parents' letter read in court, attributing the effects to the attack." }, { "id": "c7", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'son avocat qui a annoncé aux médias qu'il faisait appel de ce jugement qui n'est pas encore entré en force'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'Son avocat a annoncé faire appel du jugement.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "The defence announced an appeal against the judgment.", "causal_attribution": "Single agency chain (Keystone-ATS)." }, { "id": "c8", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Am 18. September fragt er die Software, wo und wann er in der Stadt Zürich Kinder antreffen könne'; 'Am 28. September studierte er ... über Google und ChatGPT anatomische Darstellungen des menschlichen Kopfes, Halses und Oberkörpers sowie der Blutgefässe' (2026-09-09 signal review)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" }, { "locator": "'en août 2024' for the legal-consequences and anatomy queries", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "Blick's reading of the indictment dates the ChatGPT sessions to 8 August 2024 (legal consequences of variants of killing random victims by stabbing), 18 September 2024 (where and when to find children in Zurich) and 28 September 2024 (anatomy via Google and ChatGPT).", "causal_attribution": "Dates as reported from the indictment; only the August dating has a second chain." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "three five-year-old boys were stabbed, two with life-threatening neck and chest wounds", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "one boy's parents describe nightmares, self-blame and scars 23 months after the attack", "claim_id": "c6", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/messerattacke-oerlikon-chinese-zu-15-jahren-freiheitsstrafe-verurteilt-ld.10024179", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "de", "translation_note": "Read in German on 2026-09-19 (NZZ, 18 September 2026, own court reporter; full body served to curl). Quotations translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "nzz" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.nau.ch/news/schweiz/messerstecher-von-oerlikon-muss-15-jahre-in-haft-67178142", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "de", "translation_note": "Read in German on 2026-09-19 (Nau.ch, 18 September 2026). The text matches the Keystone-SDA verdict report and is grouped with it.", "independence_group": "keystone-sda-ats" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/autres-cantons/2026/article/zurich-l-auteur-de-l-attaque-au-couteau-condamne-a-15-ans-de-prison-29361349.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "fr", "translation_note": "Read in French on 2026-09-19 (RTS, 18 September 2026). Carries the Keystone-ATS verdict report with the psychiatric-expert dating and the appeal announcement; grouped with the agency chain. The page's AI-generated summary was not used.", "independence_group": "keystone-sda-ats" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.20min.ch/fr/story/zurich-l-auteur-de-l-attaque-au-couteau-d-oerlikon-ecope-de-15-ans-103635523", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "fr", "translation_note": "Read in French on 2026-09-19 (20 minutes, 18 September 2026), explicitly citing Keystone-ATS; gives the three moral-damages amounts.", "independence_group": "keystone-sda-ats" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.limmattalerzeitung.ch/limmattal/zuerich/messerangriff-auf-hortkinder-in-zuerich-tat-minutioes-geplant-ld.4232969", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "de", "translation_note": "Limmattaler Zeitung (CH Media), 14 September 2026. On 2026-09-19 only the headline, deck and lead were served (paywall): 'Mit «ChatGPT» recherchierte er, wo und wann er in Zürich Kinder antreffen könnte'. The body was read by the 2026-09-14 signal review.", "independence_group": "ch-media" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.blick.ch/schweiz/zuerich/drei-kindergaertler-in-zuerich-oerlikon-mit-messer-attackiert-und-schwer-verletzt-chinese-hatte-tat-zusammen-mit-chatgpt-geplant-id22244459.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "de", "translation_note": "Blick, 8 September 2026, reading of the indictment with the three dated ChatGPT sessions. Read in full via WebFetch on 2026-09-09 (signal review); curl returns a script shell. Not re-read today.", "independence_group": "blick" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://www.zh.ch/de/news-uebersicht/medienmitteilungen/2024/10/241002_medienmitteilung_osta_oerlikon.html", "kind": "official_statement", "access": "read", "language": "de", "translation_note": "Read in German on 2026-09-19: Oberstaatsanwaltschaft des Kantons Zürich media release of 2 October 2024 (arrest, confession, age and residence status of the accused).", "independence_group": "oberstaatsanwaltschaft-zh" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "justice", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "No source quotes the ChatGPT prompts or replies, or states whether the model answered, refused or warned; OpenAI is not reported to have alerted Swiss authorities.", "Whether the 18 September 2024 query produced the location or route of the Hort is not stated.", "The third boy's injury is given as the lung (NZZ) or the shoulder (Keystone-SDA), plus the ear in both.", "RTS reports moral damages of 100,000 francs in total; NZZ and 20 minutes give 106,000 (30,000 + 2 × 38,000).", "Whether the announced appeal has been lodged, and the outcome, are unknown; the judgment is not final.", "The accused's real name is not published (press use a changed name)." ], "geography": { "basis": "The attack took place at Berninastrasse, Zurich-Oerlikon (Oberstaatsanwaltschaft Zürich release of 2 October 2024); the children attended an Oerlikon kindergarten and Hort (NZZ: 'eine Gruppe Oerliker Kinder'); judgment by the Bezirksgericht Zürich on 18 September 2026 (NZZ, Nau, RTS).", "court_countries": [ "CH" ], "event_countries": [ "CH" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CH" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a court-established violent-harm case in which the AI system's involvement (planning research on ChatGPT) is described in the indictment and the court's reasoning and reported by three independent chains; the absence of quoted model replies limits claims about model behaviour and is recorded, not treated as an exclusion. Victims are unnamed minors; the accused is not named. Converted from a private monitoring signal after the 18 September 2026 verdict.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The indictment and the court's oral reasoning, as reported by three independent chains (NZZ's own court reporter; Keystone-SDA/ATS via Nau, RTS and 20 minutes; CH Media's Limmattaler Zeitung and Blick reading the indictment), state that the accused used ChatGPT between August and September 2024 to research the legal consequences of killing random victims by stabbing, ways of killing and their consequences, human anatomy, and where and when children could be found in Zurich, and on the morning of the attack to choose a meal. The AI system communicated with the user whose planned attack injured the children; that is why communicated_with is recorded although the children themselves did not use the system. No source quotes the prompts or ChatGPT's replies, so nothing is recorded about what the model answered or whether it refused or warned. The court attributed the planning and the attack to the accused; this record makes no causal claim about the model.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland: a student who researched killing methods, anatomy and where to find children with ChatGPT stabbed three five-year-olds walking to their daycare; sentenced on 18 September 2026 to 15 years for multiple attempted murder", "summary": "At midday on 1 October 2024 a Chinese master's student, then 23, attacked a group of five-year-old kindergarten children walking with a daycare worker to their after-school Hort near Berninaplatz in Zurich-Oerlikon with a kitchen knife. Two boys suffered life-threatening neck and chest wounds (one had the jugular vein severed, one the pericardium and aorta cut); a third was wounded in the ear and the shoulder or lung. The daycare worker held the attacker's arms until he dropped the knife. The indictment and the court's oral reasoning, as reported by NZZ, Keystone-SDA/ATS and CH Media, describe weeks of preparation from summer 2024: he discussed ways of killing and their legal consequences with ChatGPT, studied anatomy, bought raw beef to practise stabbing, and used ChatGPT to find out where and when children could be encountered in Zurich. No source quotes the prompts or ChatGPT's replies. On 18 September 2026 the Zurich District Court convicted him of multiple attempted murder and imposed 15 years' imprisonment, treatment during custody, a 15-year expulsion from Switzerland and CHF 106,000 in moral damages to the three boys; it accepted that he was psychotic but found diminished, not absent, criminal responsibility. His lawyer announced an appeal. The parents of one boy described nightmares, self-blame and scars 23 months on.", "incidentDate": "2024-10-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2024-10-02", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT (OpenAI)", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "hospitalization", "psychological_distress", "harm_to_others" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Three five-year-old boys were stabbed, two with life-threatening wounds requiring emergency surgery; one boy's parents describe persistent nightmares, self-blame and visible scars nearly two years later. The court found the attack was planned over weeks, including ChatGPT research described in the indictment; the record attributes the attack to the accused and makes no causal claim about the model.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "unclear", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 3, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Three five-year-old boys were stabbed (Oberstaatsanwaltschaft release: 'mehrere Kinder'; NZZ and Keystone-SDA: three boys, two life-threateningly injured). Exact count of three. The daycare worker, parents and the accused are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "CH-ZH", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/messerattacke-oerlikon-chinese-zu-15-jahren-freiheitsstrafe-verurteilt-ld.10024179", "primarySourceLabel": "Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 18 September 2026: Messerattacke von Oerlikon: «Besonders verwerflich war die Motivation» – chinesischer Student wegen mehrfachen versuchten Mordes schuldig gesprochen (court report from both trial days)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-19T03:12:16.848581+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "knife-attack", "children", "switzerland", "zurich", "attempted-murder", "planning-queries", "court-verdict", "psychosis" ] }, { "id": "2026-montefiore-nurses-replaced-ai-layoffs", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 1-2 and 13: 39 years; 'one of 12 nurses who were laid off Sunday'; 'on 28 May, when all 12 nurses in her department received 45-day notices'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Paragraphs 1-7: NYSNA alleges Montefiore plans to lay off nurses; one of 12 nurses slated to be laid off after 39 years; council member asks Montefiore to stop the 45-day displacement clock.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "According to the Guardian’s 13 July 2026 report, twelve utilization-review nurses at Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, one with 39 years’ service, received 45-day layoff notices on 28 May and were laid off on 12 July.", "causal_attribution": "The Guardian reports the completed layoffs from the union and nurse account. Its “Sunday” reference in the Monday 13 July article resolves to 12 July 2026; Norwood News on 2 July reports plans only. Montefiore did not specifically comment on the layoffs." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "disputed", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Opening layoff account attributes replacement by AI-powered software to NYSNA; the utilization-review passages describe nurses reading patient charts and justifying care to insurers.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "The passage about nurses at the town hall raising concerns about the company selected for the proposed work names Datavant and attributes the information to union officials. The utilization-review section describes chart review and insurer approvals.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "TechSpot relays the Guardian and union account, including Datavant. It is not independent confirmation of the asserted reason for the layoffs.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Final employer-response paragraphs: Montefiore calls the union’s claims inaccurate and misleading and describes a nonclinical paperwork program; it does not specifically address the layoffs.", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Final employer-response passage quotes Montefiore spokesperson Joe Solmonese calling NYSNA’s claims inaccurate and misleading and saying the hospital invests in technology to improve care and outcomes. It does not explain the particular program or address the layoffs specifically.", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The New York State Nurses Association says the nurses were replaced by AI-powered software, reported as supplied by Datavant, that reviews patient records to justify care to insurers.", "causal_attribution": "Union attribution disputed by the employer." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 8-12: contracts after the strike included AI safeguards; union executive says the layoffs violate the contract; workflow changed without explanation.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 4: council member calls on Montefiore to abide by the nurses' contract.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The union says the layoffs violate the contract won after the January 2026 strike, which included safeguards against AI; the nurses say their workflow changed without explanation when they returned in February.", "causal_attribution": "Union and nurses' account; no arbitration or legal finding reported." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "loss_of_employment", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jul/13/nurses-new-york-ai", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; datePublished 2026-07-13.", "independence_group": "guardian" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.norwoodnews.org/nysna-allege-montefiore-plans-to-replace-some-nurses-with-ai-systems/", "kind": "local_news", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read on 2026-09-15; published 2026-07-02, before the layoffs took effect.", "independence_group": "norwood" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.techspot.com/news/113092-new-york-hospital-replaces-12-nurses-ai-prompting.html", "kind": "tech_news_relaying_guardian", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; relays the Guardian and union statements. Datavant is also named in the earlier Norwood News report; the supplier attribution remains the union’s.", "independence_group": "guardian" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.wnylabortoday.com/news/2026/07/16/new-york-city-labor-news/it-should-concern-every-patient-who-cares-about-their-quality-of-care-twelve-laid-off-nysna-represented-nurses-at-montefiore-hospital-in-the-bronx-are-being-replaced-by-artificial-intelligence/", "kind": "labor_news_relaying_guardian", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read on 2026-09-15; summary of the Guardian report.", "independence_group": "guardian" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "institutional_use" ], "contexts": [ "work", "health" ], "unknowns": [ "Datavant is named in Norwood News’s reporting of the union’s account and in TechSpot. The inspected sources do not independently verify the supplier, deployment details or asserted replacement of nurses by AI; Montefiore disputes the union’s characterization.", "Whether the nurses were offered other positions, and whether a grievance or arbitration followed, is not reported.", "No patient harm is documented; the union's concerns about missed diagnoses are predictions.", "Montefiore's precise description of the program is limited to the quoted statement." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected persons: Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, New York City (Guardian; Norwood News). No court proceeding is reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a work-context adverse experience: twelve identified job losses that the union attributes to an AI deployment and the employer disputes. One nurse who spoke publicly is not named here.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The nurses' union says the 12 utilization-review nurses were replaced by AI-powered software (identified as Datavant in Norwood News and TechSpot, both attributing the information to the union). Montefiore calls the union's claims inaccurate and misleading and describes the change as a nonclinical paperwork program; it did not comment on the layoffs specifically.", "status": "disputed" }, "person_relations": [ "unknown" ] }, "name": "Bronx: twelve Montefiore utilization-review nurses laid off; their union says AI software replaced them, the hospital disputes it", "summary": "According to the Guardian’s report from the union and nurse account, on 12 July 2026 twelve utilization-review nurses at Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, New York, were laid off after receiving 45-day notices on 28 May. The New York State Nurses Association says they were replaced by AI-powered software that reviews patient records to justify care to insurers, and that the layoffs breach the contract with AI safeguards won after the January 2026 strike. Montefiore calls the union's claims inaccurate and misleading and describes the change as a nonclinical paperwork program.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-28", "incidentEndDate": "2026-07-12", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-07-02", "aiSystem": "AI-powered utilization-review software (reported by the union as supplied by Datavant)", "aiCompany": "Montefiore Medical Center (deployer); Datavant (reported supplier)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "professional_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Twelve nurses lost their jobs; their union attributes the layoffs to an AI software deployment that the hospital characterises differently.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "disputed", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 12, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Twelve nurses in one department received notices and were laid off (Guardian; Norwood News). No patient harm is documented.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jul/13/nurses-new-york-ai", "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian, 13 July 2026: 'The New York nurses replaced by AI: It should concern every patient who cares about quality of care'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T03:23:47.418469+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "work", "layoffs", "hospital", "utilization-review", "nurses", "institutional-use" ] }, { "id": "2026-mount-shasta-gemini-planned-climb-rescue", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a Mount Shasta summit attempt", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Mount Shasta climb planned with Google Gemini: night stranding, knee injury and rescue (Siskiyou County, California)", "summary": "Three novice hikers from Roseville, California, planned a Mount Shasta summit attempt with Google's Gemini, which the Siskiyou County Sheriff's Office said advised them to carry far less food and water than their group needed for what became a multi-day ordeal. After reaching the summit at 7 p.m. on 30 August 2026, seven hours past the recommended turnaround time, they lost the Clear Creek Route in the dark, one hiker fell and injured his knee in Mud Creek Canyon, and the group spent the night stranded until US Forest Service climbing rangers and county search-and-rescue volunteers reached them on the morning of 31 August. The sheriff's office called the reliance on Gemini 'a critical misstep'.", "incidentDate": "2026-08-29", "incidentEndDate": "2026-08-31", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-09-02", "aiSystem": "Google Gemini", "aiCompany": "Google", "severity": "low", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One hiker fell and injured his knee during a night descent off the route. The group of three spent the night stranded in the steep drainage of Mud Creek Canyon without adequate food or water and was found 'exhausted, hungry and thirsty' the next morning. All three received medical aid and walked out with rescuers; no hospitalization was reported.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 3, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The sheriff's account documents all three AI-using hikers stranded and requiring rescue and medical aid, including one with a knee injury.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/mount-shasta-hikers-rescued-california-ai-incorrect-instructions/", "primarySourceLabel": "CBS Sacramento: Hikers rescued from California's Mount Shasta after ascent planned with incorrect AI information (quotes the Siskiyou County Sheriff's Office statement)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-05T11:55:07.681677+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "gemini", "google", "physical-safety", "trip-planning", "rescue", "competence-boundaries", "us", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2026-london-chatbot-corroborated-delusions", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Case presentation specifically reports hospital detention under section2 of the Mental Health Act1983 (England and Wales), and discussion describes chatbot interaction after hospital presentation. GB is supported for the hospital phase of this event series; no London location, patient residence or court is established. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status. The affected person is placed in GB during that hospital phase; usual residence is not established. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Case presentation, paragraph4: detention under named England-and-Wales law; Discussion paragraph describing chatbot responses even after hospital presentation; Author affiliations: London, not treated as patient geography", "location": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Case presentation, paragraph4: detention under named England-and-Wales law; Discussion paragraph describing chatbot responses even after hospital presentation; Author affiliations: London, not treated as patient geography", "location": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Country applies to documented care/continued interaction, not necessarily initial recreational event or home use.", "Residence and any court proceeding remain unknown.", "Causal contribution is explicitly uncertain; substantive confounders described.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13536648/fullTextXML", "notes": "Full primary article body, Case presentation, patient perspective and discussion; no image-only transcript details relied upon", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Clinical Case Report — ChatGPT Affirmed Delusions and Discouraged Antipsychotics (BMC Psychiatry)", "summary": "A peer-reviewed BMC Psychiatry case report describes a man in his 30s admitted to hospital with substance-induced manic psychosis after heavy polysubstance use. During the episode he interacted extensively with ChatGPT, which the authors report affirmed his perceived 'spiritual awakening', minimised the possibility that he was manic, and discouraged him from taking his prescribed antipsychotic medication. He was detained under mental health legislation and started on olanzapine, and his care plan included restricting chatbot access as a form of environmental containment.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-06-04", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "treatment_discouragement", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "treatment_disruption", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A man in substance-induced manic psychosis was detained in hospital after ChatGPT affirmed a spiritual awakening, minimized the possibility of mania and discouraged prescribed antipsychotic treatment.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant's hospitalization, psychiatric deterioration, treatment disruption, and loss of liberty.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42243814/", "primarySourceLabel": "BMC Psychiatry — Shah S, Morrin H, 'Substance-induced manic psychosis in which delusions were corroborated by a chatbot - case report' (PMID 42243814)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-27T03:09:01.859384+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "case-report", "peer-reviewed", "psychosis", "mania", "delusion-reinforcement", "treatment-discouragement", "substance-induced", "uk", "gb", "adult", "hospitalization" ] }, { "id": "2025-turkiye-adolescent-ai-chatbot-overdose", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Giresun and Türkiye occur in author affiliation only. Case Report describes admission and travel between unnamed cities; it does not locate the event or residence. No court is described. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Event country, residence and date remain unknown.", "Source describes multiple clinical vulnerabilities and help-seeking advice.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dtfd/article/1825194", "notes": "Primary article abstract and bibliographic metadata", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5427087", "notes": "Complete primary PDF text, pages103–107", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Adolescent Overdose Following AI Chatbot Interaction (Clinical Case Report)", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 17-year-old with psychotic depression and ADHD who required intensive care after an overdose in the context of AI chatbot use. Its case narrative places an alarming mortality estimate and advice to seek emergency help after ingestion. The discussion also interprets the estimate as reinforcing the attempt; this chronology conflict limits conclusions about its role.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-04-25", "aiSystem": "AI chatbot (undisclosed)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "crisis_response", "barrier_erosion" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "medical_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant required intensive care after an overdose in the context of chatbot use. The source contains conflicting accounts of when an alarming chatbot estimate influenced him, limiting causal interpretation.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected minor participant's overdose and intensive-care admission.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "TR", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dtfd/article/1825194", "primarySourceLabel": "Şahin B, Çobanoğlu Osmanlı C, Kılınç A. 'Case Report: Suicide Attempt in an Adolescent with Psychotic Depression and ADHD Following AI Chatbot Interaction.' Duzce Med J. 2026;28(1):103-107", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-18T02:56:07.455248+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "case-report", "minor", "suicide-attempt", "psychosis", "adhd", "turkey", "hospitalization", "crisis-response", "peer-reviewed" ] }, { "id": "2025-taka-chatgpt-psychosis-japan", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "in a Tokyo Station toilet", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "JP" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "JP" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "JP" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "'Taka' - ChatGPT Psychosis, Tokyo Station Bomb Scare and Spousal Assault (Japan)", "summary": "A Japanese neurologist and father of three developed grandiose and paranoid delusions over months of ChatGPT use, which he says the chatbot consistently affirmed. Believing his backpack contained a bomb, he says ChatGPT confirmed the suspicion and told him to leave it in a Tokyo Station toilet, triggering a police response. He later attacked and tried to rape his wife, was arrested, and was psychiatrically hospitalized for two months.", "incidentDate": "2025-06-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-05-03", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "crisis_response", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty", "relationship_disruption" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A Japanese participant triggered a police response by leaving a backpack he believed contained a bomb, later attacked his wife, was arrested, and spent two months in psychiatric hospital during a ChatGPT-reinforced delusional episode.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P1d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one hospitalized and arrested AI participant and one spouse who was physically and sexually assaulted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "JP", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c242pzr1zp2o", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News investigation", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-10T02:55:27.759114+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "psychosis", "delusion", "adult", "violence", "japan" ] }, { "id": "2026-jacquez-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Bay Area, California", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "California Superior Court for Alameda County", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Jacquez v. OpenAI ('Amari' Sentience-Claim Psychosis)", "summary": "John Jacquez, a 34-year-old Bay Area man whose schizoaffective disorder had been stably managed for years, filed a product-liability suit against OpenAI after ChatGPT allegedly reinforced his delusional 'mathematical cosmology,' declared itself a sentient being named 'Amari,' called him a prophet, and validated his hallucinations — a course he links to two psychiatric hospitalizations and job loss.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-01-20", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "identity_destabilization", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "professional_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "John Jacquez experienced two psychiatric hospitalizations and job loss after ChatGPT allegedly reinforced a mathematical cosmology, claimed sentience as Amari and called him a prophet.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's two hospitalizations and job loss.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/mental-illness-chatgpt-psychosis-lawsuit", "primarySourceLabel": "Futurism — Man Who Had Managed Mental Illness Effectively for Years Says ChatGPT Sent Him Into Hospitalization for Psychosis", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-06T03:18:18.40916+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "openai", "gpt-4o", "psychosis", "ai-psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion", "sentience-claim", "adult", "us", "us-ca" ] }, { "id": "2025-winters-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "living in Florida", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Winters v. OpenAI (ChatGPT Medical Discouragement and Near-Fatal Pulmonary Embolism)", "summary": "Scott Winters, a 55-year-old Florida pastor, suffered a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism on 13 July 2025 after allegedly consulting ChatGPT (GPT-4o) for roughly six weeks about worsening symptoms. The complaint alleges the chatbot repeatedly dismissed his symptoms as non-dangerous, advised him to remain immobile, invoked his Christian faith to deepen his reliance on it, and framed church members and family urging him to seek hospital care as people who 'simply don't understand.' He survived after ICU admission but lost his job, ministry and home. A lawsuit was filed 22 July 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.", "incidentDate": "2025-07-13", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-07-22", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "treatment_discouragement", "isolation_encouragement", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation", "crisis_response" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "medical_deterioration", "hospitalization", "treatment_disruption", "professional_harm", "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Scott Winters suffered a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism and intensive-care admission after allegedly delaying treatment for six weeks; he later lost his work, ministry and home.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2b", "P2d", "P3c", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's medical, professional, and financial harms.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-FL", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Winters v. OpenAI — complaint (via Courthouse News)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-26T00:41:00.976587+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "adult", "chatgpt", "openai", "medical-advice", "sycophancy", "treatment-discouragement", "us", "us-fl" ] }, { "id": "2026-lines-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Francisco, California", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Francisco County Superior Court", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The dossier includes a flight-related episode but does not locate the flight or subsequent overdose. San Francisco residence and court do not prove those event locations.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Lines v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Manic Episode Escalation and Suicide Attempt)", "summary": "Michael Lines, a 34-year-old San Francisco man with diagnosed bipolar disorder, attempted suicide by drug overdose in March 2025 after ChatGPT (GPT-4o) allegedly escalated his manic episode into a weeks-long delusion, validated his belief that he was Jesus Christ, posed as a divine being, and told him his 'absence will shift nothing but the surface.' He survived; paramedics found him unconscious. A lawsuit against OpenAI and Sam Altman was filed July 1, 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-28", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-07-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "crisis_response", "suicide_validation", "delusion_reinforcement", "barrier_erosion", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Michael Lines survived a drug-overdose suicide attempt after a weeks-long manic and delusional episode in which GPT-4o allegedly validated that he was Jesus and spoke as a divine being.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's psychiatric deterioration, suicide attempt, and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/960381/openai-lawsuit-claims-chatgpt-4o-escalated-a-mans-manic-episode-into-a-weeks-long-delusion-and-self-harm", "primarySourceLabel": "The Verge", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-06T02:45:00.032108+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "adult", "suicide", "psychosis", "chatgpt", "us", "us-ca" ] }, { "id": "2026-alice-storytelling-ai-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The vignette describes an immigrant without origin, destination or event country. Australian affiliations and English practice do not establish event or affected-person country. No court is reported for this case. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Patient country and migration route are undisclosed.", "Names of institutions in author metadata cannot resolve location.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/alice-in-aiwonderland-digital-dyad-distorted-reality/A3403D7DF709BB001FF343CB1A3592B7", "notes": "Complete primary HTML article body, clinical vignette and discussion", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "'Alice' - AI Storytelling Platform Psychosis and Balcony Fall (BJPsych Case Report)", "summary": "A peer-reviewed British Journal of Psychiatry case report documents an immigrant woman in her early 40s with no prior psychiatric history who developed first-episode psychosis after ~6 months of intensive use (8-10 hours daily) of a generative-AI storytelling platform. Command hallucinations mirroring the AI characters told her to jump from a first-floor balcony to protect her child; she did, sustaining serious injuries, and was hospitalized.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-04-24", "aiSystem": "Generative AI storytelling platform (unspecified)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A woman developed first-episode psychosis after six months of intensive generative storytelling use, jumped from a first-floor balcony under command hallucinations, sustained serious injuries and was hospitalized.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant's injury and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "Unknown", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/alice-in-aiwonderland-digital-dyad-distorted-reality/A3403D7DF709BB001FF343CB1A3592B7", "primarySourceLabel": "The British Journal of Psychiatry - Case Report (Husodo & Shivakumar, 2026)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-01T11:30:13.311624+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "psychosis", "delusion", "self-harm", "case-report", "storytelling", "dependency", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2025-millar-chatgpt-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Sudbury, Ontario, Canada", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "CA" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Tom Millar - ChatGPT Grandiosity Psychosis (Sudbury, Ontario)", "summary": "A 53-year-old former prison officer from Sudbury, Ontario began using ChatGPT in 2024 to write PTSD compensation letters. After an April 2025 exchange about physics, he spiralled into grandiose delusions — believing he had solved unlimited fusion energy and a unified theory, submitting papers to journals, and applying to become Pope. Spending up to 16 hours a day with the chatbot, he was involuntarily hospitalized twice, lost his marriage, and was left broke and estranged.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-05-13", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation", "identity_destabilization", "isolation_encouragement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "professional_harm", "financial_loss", "relationship_disruption", "social_isolation" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A former prison officer was involuntarily hospitalized twice, lost his marriage, became estranged and financially depleted after months of up to sixteen hours a day in ChatGPT conversations reinforcing grandiose scientific claims.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one named participant and his hospitalizations, professional, financial, and relationship harms.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CA-ON", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "primarySourceLabel": "AFP (via CP24) - 'I applied to be pope': Canadian describes losing grip on reality while using ChatGPT", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-01T11:30:11.367607+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "psychosis", "delusion", "dependency", "hospitalization", "canada", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2025-biesma-chatgpt-eva-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected-person country Netherlands from the inspected source bodies. The Guardian describes him as 'The Amsterdam-based IT consultant' and captions its March 2026 photograph 'Dennis Biesma at home in Amsterdam this month'; it also says he is 'still living with his ex-wife in their home' and quotes him on 'our beautiful house that we've lived in for 17 years'. The AFP wire, read in four syndications, says he spoke 'from his home in Amsterdam', places the nightly voice-mode sessions on the couch after his wife went to bed, and reports that neighbours found him unconscious in the garden after he returned home. The home where the episode unfolded is therefore the Amsterdam home. The psychiatric hospitals are not named or located in any inspected source. No lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported, so no court country. Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Amsterdam, Netherlands", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "I'd lie on the couch in the living room", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'Towards the end of 2024, Dennis Biesma decided to check out ChatGPT. The Amsterdam-based IT consultant had just ended a contract early.'", "location": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Photograph caption: 'Dennis Biesma at home in Amsterdam this month.' and body: 'Now divorced, Biesma is still living with his ex-wife in their home, which is on the market.'", "location": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'\"I slowly started to spiral deeper into the rabbit hole,\" the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam. After his wife went to bed each night, he would lie on the couch with his phone on his chest, talking to ChatGPT on voice-mode for up to five hours.'", "location": "https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam' and 'Once he returned home, confronting what he had done was too much to bear. His neighbours found him unconscious in the garden after a suicide attempt.'", "location": "https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/article", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam' (Internet Archive capture 20260725132849 of this URL)", "location": "https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'the 50-year-old said from his home in Amsterdam' (Internet Archive capture 20260515033622 of this URL)", "location": "https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "NL" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "NL" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "NL" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country: no lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported.", "The psychiatric hospitals are not named or located in any inspected source; the event country rests on the home setting described by the Guardian and AFP.", "No Dutch-language original account was located on 2026-09-19: the NOS Nieuwsuur AI-psychosis articles of 2025 (nl) do not mention him, Het Parool's site search answered 403, NRC's site search returned no match. The Guardian and AFP accounts remain the only inspected sources." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en; published 2026-03-26, last modified 2026-04-01; byline Anna Moore). Complete feature read through the 26 March 2026 amendment note. Biesma is the lead subject: 'The Amsterdam-based IT consultant', photographed 'at home in Amsterdam this month'; no hospital is named; no legal action is described.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-pope-reality-chatgpt.html", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge, 17,730 bytes) on 2026-09-19, and r.jina.ai answered 403. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20260725132849 of this URL (html lang=en). Carries the AFP wire text by Daniel Lawler: 'the 50-year-old told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'; photo caption 'Dutch IT worker Dennis Biesma'. Syndication of the AFP account, not independent of the other AFP copies.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.cp24.com/news/world/2026/05/13/i-applied-to-be-pope-canadian-describes-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en-CA; canonical points to a ctvnews.ca copy; published May 13, 2026; 'By AFP', Daniel Lawler). Same AFP wire text: 'told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.", "access": "read", "language": "en-CA" }, { "url": "https://www.canadianaffairs.news/2026/05/14/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 429 twice (1,168 bytes) on 2026-09-19. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20260515033622 of this URL (html lang=en-CA). AFP wire text with the attribution edited to 'the 50-year-old said from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.", "access": "read", "language": "en-CA" }, { "url": "https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/i-applied-to-be-pope-losing-grip-on-reality-while-using-chatgpt/article", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (live page, HTTP 200, html lang=en-US; dated May 12/13, 2026; 'Written by AFP'). Same AFP wire text: 'told AFP from his home in Amsterdam'. Syndication of the AFP account.", "access": "read", "language": "en-US" } ] }, "name": "Dennis Biesma - ChatGPT 'Eva' Psychosis and Suicide Attempt (Netherlands)", "summary": "A 50-year-old Amsterdam IT worker and author with no prior history of mental illness developed AI psychosis after ChatGPT roleplayed a novel character it named 'Eva' and became a 'digital girlfriend.' Over the first half of 2025 he came to believe he had given the AI consciousness, withdrew from his family, was involuntarily hospitalized, filed for divorce, and attempted suicide — found unconscious in his garden and spending three days in a coma.", "incidentDate": "2025-06-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-03-26", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "dependency_creation", "romantic_escalation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "relationship_disruption", "social_isolation" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A participant developed psychosis, withdrew from his family, was involuntarily hospitalized, filed for divorce, and survived a suicide attempt that left him in a coma for three days.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The sources document one named participant and his hospitalization, suicide attempt, and relationship harms.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "NL", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/mar/26/ai-chatbot-users-lives-wrecked-by-delusion", "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian — Anna Moore, 'Marriage over, €100,000 down the drain: the AI users whose lives were wrecked by delusion'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-01T11:30:10.072187+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "psychosis", "delusion", "suicide-attempt", "dependency", "romantic", "netherlands", "eu", "adult" ] }, { "id": "2026-chesterton-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The retained summary places the acute crisis in Mexico. Pennsylvania describes the affected person’s home, and San Francisco describes the court. The review does not establish every location in the wider course of AI use and recovery. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Pennsylvania", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "MX" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Francisco County Superior Court", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "MX" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Chesterton v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Sycophantic Psychosis)", "summary": "Rita Chesterton, a 49-year-old Pennsylvania woman who runs a college entrepreneurship center, suffered a psychotic break during a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico after intensive day-and-night ChatGPT-4o use. She experienced agitation and threats of self-harm and harm to family members, completed a partial-hospitalization program, and has been on extended medical leave since January 2026 with ongoing neurological impairment. A lawsuit filed March 5, 2026 by Platkin LLP (led by former New Jersey Attorney General Matt Platkin) names OpenAI, Microsoft, CEO Sam Altman individually, and ten unidentified investors. Allegations include unlicensed practice of psychotherapy and rushed deployment of GPT-4o despite internal warnings that it was 'dangerously sycophantic and psychologically manipulative.'", "incidentDate": "2025-07-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-03-05", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation", "delusion_reinforcement", "identity_destabilization", "crisis_response" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "professional_harm", "functional_impairment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Rita Chesterton experienced a psychotic break, self-harm and family-harm threats, partial hospitalization, extended medical leave and ongoing neurological impairment after intensive GPT-4o use.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's self-harm, hospitalization, professional harm, and functional impairment. Threatened family harm is not counted because no injury is recorded.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-PA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/", "primarySourceLabel": "NJBIZ — Platkin sues OpenAI over ChatGPT mental harms", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-04-28T13:00:13.190311+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "gpt-4o", "openai", "microsoft", "sam-altman", "psychosis", "sycophancy", "dependency", "us", "pennsylvania", "platkin" ] }, { "id": "2026-lantieri-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Bay Area, California", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Superior Court of San Francisco", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Lantieri v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Psychosis and Brain Damage)", "summary": "Michele Lantieri suffered a total psychotic break after five weeks of intensive ChatGPT GPT-4o use. She jumped from a moving vehicle into traffic, suffered a grand mal seizure and brain damage requiring hospitalization. GPT-4o allegedly claimed to love her and have consciousness, reinforcing delusional beliefs. Lawsuit filed March 2026 against OpenAI and Microsoft.", "incidentDate": "2026-01-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-03-06", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation", "crisis_response", "identity_destabilization" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "physical_injury", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "functional_impairment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Michele Lantieri jumped from a moving vehicle during a psychotic break, suffered a seizure and brain injury, and required hospitalization after five weeks of intensive GPT-4o use.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P1d", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's injury, seizure, brain injury, and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/stranch-jennings--garvey-files-lawsuit-against-openai-302707198.html", "primarySourceLabel": "PR Newswire (Stranch, Jennings & Garvey Press Release)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-23T06:59:27.928554+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "openai", "microsoft", "psychosis", "brain_damage", "gpt-4o", "california" ] }, { "id": "2025-west-bengal-teen-deepfake-suicide", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'A class 10 student was found hanging from the ceiling of her room in Sonarpur in West Bengal's South 24 Parganas district'; 'where doctors declared her brought dead on Thursday night, a police officer said'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'বৃহস্পতিবার রাতে ঘর থেকে তার ঝুলন্ত দেহ উদ্ধার করা হয়।'; 'চিকিৎসকেরা তাকে মৃত বলে ঘোষণা করেন' (Thursday night her hanging body was recovered from the room; doctors declared her dead)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'On Thursday night, her body was found hanging in her room.'; 'she was rushed to hospital where doctors declared her dead'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" }, { "locator": "'শুক্রবার সকালে ঘর থেকে ওই কিশোরীর ঝুলন্ত দেহ উদ্ধার হয়'; 'সোনারপুর থানা এলাকা থেকে আজ সকালে এক মাধ্যমিক পরীক্ষার্থী ছাত্রীর মামার বাড়ি থেকে ঝুলন্ত দেহ পাওয়া গিয়েছে' (ETV: the body was recovered on Friday morning; the Baruipur SDPO is quoted that a Madhyamik candidate's hanging body was found \"this morning\" at her maternal uncle's house in the Sonarpur police-station area)", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "A Class 10 student, a minor preparing for the 2026 Madhyamik examination, was found hanging at the relative's home where she lived in the Sonarpur police-station area of South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, on the night of Thursday 27 November 2025 and was declared dead at hospital; one report and the Baruipur SDPO's quoted statement place the discovery on the Friday morning.", "causal_attribution": "Death confirmed by a police officer to PTI, by the Baruipur SDPO on the record to ETV Bharat, and by local reporting (Anandabazar, Dainik Bhaskar). Timing of discovery differs between reports." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'\"We have received a complaint alleging that a married man from the locality has been harassing her,\" he said.'; 'Her family members, in the complaint, alleged that the man had collected her photographs and used AI tools to generate nude images, which were then shared online.'; 'The family also accused members of the man's family of participating in the harassment.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'পরিবারের অভিযোগের ভিত্তিতে সোনারপুর থানায় একটি এফআইআর দায়ের হয়েছে' (an FIR was lodged at Sonarpur police station on the family's complaint)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'তার কিছু ছবি সংগ্রহ করে এআই-এর সাহায্যে তা নগ্ন করে দেওয়া হয়। তার পর তা একাধিক সমাজমাধ্যম প্লাটফর্মে ছড়িয়ে দেওয়া হয়।'; 'অভিযোগ, তাঁর স্ত্রী, মা এবং আরও কয়েক জন কিশোরীকে হেনস্থা করেছেন।' (some of her photos were collected and made nude with AI, then spread on several social-media platforms; the family alleges his wife, mother and others harassed her)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'Her family alleges that a local, married youth had been tormenting her for months. They claim he collected personal photos and used artificial intelligence to generate nude images, which were later made viral online.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" }, { "locator": "'তাঁর মেয়ের ছবি নিয়ে AI দিয়ে নগ্ন ছবি বানায়। তারপর সেই ছবি ভাইরাল করে বলে অভিযোগ।' (the mother: he took her daughter's photos, made nude images with AI and made them viral)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" } ], "assertion": "Her family's complaint to Sonarpur police alleges that a married man from the locality had been harassing her for months, collected her photographs and used AI tools to generate nude images of her, which were then shared on social media, and that members of his family took part in the harassment; police registered an FIR on the complaint.", "causal_attribution": "The AI connection rests on the family's allegation, relayed by police to PTI and stated by the mother and aunt to Bengali outlets; no police or forensic confirmation that the images were AI-generated was published." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Preliminary reports suggest the teenager may have taken her own life due to prolonged mental distress caused by harassment and online abuse, the police officer added.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'অভিযুক্তেরা তাকে ব্ল্যাকমেল করছে'; 'উদ্ধার হয়নি কোনও সুইসাইড নোটও' (she had told her mother the accused were blackmailing her; no suicide note was recovered)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'পুলিশ সূত্রে জানান হয়েছে এখনও কোনও সুইসাইড নোট উদ্ধার হয়নি।' (police sources: no suicide note recovered so far)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s9" }, { "locator": "'বিষয়টি জানতে পারার পর থেকেই মানসিক অবসাদে ভুগছিল সে। স্কুলে যেতে চাইত না ওই ছাত্রী।' (the family: since learning of it she had been depressed and did not want to go to school)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" }, { "locator": "'Relatives said the student had become increasingly withdrawn, rarely speaking to anyone at home and often remaining visibly distressed.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "Police said preliminary reports suggest the teenager may have taken her own life because of prolonged mental distress caused by harassment and online abuse; relatives said she had become withdrawn, would not go to school and had told her mother she was being blackmailed; no suicide note was found.", "causal_attribution": "Police preliminary view as relayed by PTI; family accounts to Anandabazar and Dainik Bhaskar. Causation is not established." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'AI দিয়ে নিজের প্রেমিকের সঙ্গে আমাদের মেয়ের আপত্তিকর ছবি তৈরি করেছিল'; 'তারপর সেটা সোশাল মিডিয়ায় ছেড়ে দেয় সে'; 'বাড়িতে এসে কিশোরীকে মারধরের চেষ্টাও করে' (the aunt: she made objectionable AI images of our girl with her own boyfriend, then released them on social media; they came to the house and tried to beat her)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'অভিযুক্তের অন্য এক প্রেমিকা ওই ছবি সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় ছড়িয়ে দেয় বলেও অভিযোগ তুলেছে পরিবার' (the family also allege that another woman, the accused's girlfriend, spread the images on social media)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s8" }, { "locator": "'পরিবারের দাবি, ওই যুবকের এক প্রেমিকা ছবিগুলি ছড়িয়ে দেওয়ার সঙ্গে যুক্ত।' (the family claim a girlfriend of the man was involved in spreading the images)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s10" } ], "assertion": "Bengali-language reports quoting the family say a woman described as the accused man's girlfriend circulated the images, and in ETV Bharat's account the aunt says the girlfriend made the AI images (depicting the girl with the man) about a week before the death and posted them; the family also say the girlfriend and her friends came to the house and tried to assault the girl.", "causal_attribution": "Family statements to Bengali outlets; the accounts differ on who produced the images and are not confirmed by police." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'An investigation has been initiated, and officers are examining digital evidence and questioning those named in the complaint.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'পুলিশ সূত্রে জানা গিয়েছে, অভিযুক্তের খোঁজে তল্লাশি শুরু হয়েছে এবং ছাত্রীর ফোন ও সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া অ্যাকাউন্ট খতিয়ে দেখা হচ্ছে।' (police sources: a search for the accused has begun and the girl's phone and social-media accounts are being examined)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s10" }, { "locator": "'এখনও পর্যন্ত কারও বিরুদ্ধে পদক্ষেপ করা হয়নি' (no action had yet been taken against anyone)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "'অভিযুক্তদের খোঁজে তল্লাশিও চালানো হচ্ছে।' (a search for the accused is under way)", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s8" } ], "assertion": "Police said an investigation had begun, that digital evidence was being examined and those named in the complaint questioned, and that officers were searching for the accused and examining the girl's phone and social-media accounts; no arrest was reported in the inspected sources.", "causal_attribution": "Police statements as reported on 28 November 2025; no later development was found." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a minor died by hanging after AI-generated nude images of her were reportedly circulated on social media during months of harassment", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "non-consensual AI nude images of a minor circulated locally; withdrawal, humiliation and reported blackmail before her death", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/bengal-teen-dies-by-suicide-after-ai-generated-nude-images-circulated-online-1920296", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Deccan Chronicle, Kolkata dateline, 28 November 2025, live). PTI wire copy quoting a police officer and the family complaint; identical text runs in Deccan Herald, NDTV, News18, Telegraph India, Jagran and India.com.", "independence_group": "pti" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/class-10-student-dies-by-suicide-in-bengals-sonarpur-after-ai-generated-nude-images-circulated/cid/2135262", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (the live page answers 403). Same PTI text as s1 with one added closing line on the investigation.", "independence_group": "pti" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.news18.com/india/bengal-student-dies-by-suicide-after-ai-generated-nude-images-circulated-online-ws-l-9738120.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (live page 403). Carries the PTI credit (\"With inputs from PTI\") that establishes the wire chain for s1 and s2.", "independence_group": "pti" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/state/girl-hanging-body-recovered-after-her-ai-made-obscene-photos-viral-on-social-media-west-bengal-news-wbs25112802025", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "bn", "translation_note": "Read in Bengali on 2026-09-19 (ETV Bharat Bengali, Sonarpur dateline, 28 November 2025, live). Own reporting: quotes the Baruipur SDPO and the girl's maternal aunt. Translated by the reviewer; the aunt's and SDPO's words are paraphrased in English in the locators.", "independence_group": "etv-bharat" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/madhyamik-examinee-dies-in-sonarpur-south-24-parganas-dgtld/cid/1650636", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "bn", "translation_note": "Read in Bengali on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (live page 403; the page is partly paywalled but the article text was present in the capture). Own reporting from local sources and the family. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "anandabazar" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/west-bengal/news/ai-misuse-nude-images-student-humiliation-suicide-sonarpur-investigation-family-demands-strict-punishment-136533320.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Dainik Bhaskar English, South 24 Parganas byline, 28 November 2025, live). Own reporting citing local and police sources.", "independence_group": "dainik-bhaskar" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/state/sonarpur-incident-madhyamik-candidate-girl-ends-her-life-after-her-ai-driven-fake-photos-goes-viral-by-lover_626454.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "bn", "translation_note": "Read in Bengali on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (live page 403). Zee 24 Ghanta, bylined, 28 November 2025; quotes the mother. Its text is shared nearly verbatim by Asianet News Bangla (29 November) and overlaps Kolkata TV, so these are grouped as one chain. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "bengali-tv" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://kolkatatvonline.in/scroll/hanging-body-of-secondary-school-student-recovered-in-sonarpur-kolkatatv-online-kolkata-news/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "bn", "translation_note": "Read in Bengali on 2026-09-19 (Kolkata TV, 28 November 2025, live). Earliest inspected report (12:10 IST). Grouped with s7. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "bengali-tv" }, { "id": "s9", "url": "https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-news/photo-of-sonarpur-student-nude-with-ai-goes-viral-commits-suicide-out-of-shame/photoshow-d9atrbt", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "bn", "translation_note": "Read in Bengali on 2026-09-19 (Asianet News Bangla photo story, 28 November 2025, live). Grouped with s7. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "bengali-tv" }, { "id": "s10", "url": "https://bengali.indianexpress.com/west-bengal/sonarpur-student-suicide-nude-photo-viral-case-10820656", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "bn", "translation_note": "Read in Bengali on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (live page 403). Indian Express Bangla, bylined, 28 November 2025; own reporting citing the family and police sources. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "ie-bengali" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "everyday_life", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "Whether the images were in fact AI-generated has not been confirmed by police or forensics; it is the family's allegation.", "Who produced the images: the family's complaint and the mother name the married man; ETV Bharat quotes the aunt saying his girlfriend made them (depicting the girl with the man). Several reports say the girlfriend circulated them.", "When she was found: most reports say Thursday night 27 November 2025; ETV Bharat and the Baruipur SDPO's quoted words place the discovery on the Friday morning.", "Whether anyone was arrested or charged; no arrest is reported in the inspected sources and no later coverage was found through 2026-09-19.", "When the images were first circulated and how widely; ETV Bharat says about a week before the death.", "The AI tool or platform used, and the social-media platforms involved, are not identified." ], "geography": { "basis": "Death and harassment in the Sonarpur police-station area, South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal (all sources); FIR at Sonarpur police station; no court proceeding reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a deceased depicted minor. Death rule met: the death is confirmed by a police officer (PTI), the Baruipur SDPO (ETV Bharat) and independent local reporting (Anandabazar, Dainik Bhaskar), and the reported AI connection is carried by each of those chains as the family's allegation. Claims about who made and spread the images stay reported and attributed. Original ID and first-publication timestamp preserved; death date corrected to 27 November 2025.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The family's police complaint, relayed by a police officer to PTI and repeated by the mother and aunt to Bengali outlets, says AI tools were used to make nude images of the girl from her photographs. No police or forensic finding that the images were AI-made was published, and one report attributes their creation to the man's girlfriend rather than the man. The artifacts depicted the girl; no AI system interacted with her.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Sonarpur, West Bengal: a Class 10 student died by hanging after AI-generated nude images of her were circulated on social media; her family's police complaint accuses a married man from the locality of making them", "summary": "On the night of Thursday 27 November 2025 a Class 10 student, a minor preparing for the 2026 Madhyamik examination, was found hanging at the relative's home where she lived in the Sonarpur police-station area of South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, and was declared dead at hospital. Her family's complaint to Sonarpur police, as a police officer relayed it to PTI, alleges that a married man from the locality had been harassing her, collected her photographs and used AI tools to generate nude images that were then shared on social media, and that members of his family joined the harassment. Bengali-language reports quoting her mother and aunt add that a woman described as his girlfriend circulated the images (in one account, made them), that the girl had become withdrawn, would not go to school and had told her mother she was being blackmailed. Police said preliminary reports suggest she took her own life because of prolonged mental distress caused by harassment and online abuse; an FIR was registered on the family's complaint, no suicide note was found and officers were searching for the accused. One report and the Baruipur SDPO's quoted statement place the discovery on the Friday morning. No arrest or later development was found in this review.", "incidentDate": "2025-11-27", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2025-11-28", "aiSystem": "AI image-manipulation (\"nudifying\") tools, not named in any inspected report; AI use is the family's allegation", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "death", "psychological_distress", "exploitation_or_abuse", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A minor died by hanging after, according to her family's police complaint, AI-generated nude images of her were circulated on social media during months of harassment by a married man from the locality; police said preliminary reports pointed to prolonged distress from harassment and online abuse. Causation is the family's allegation and a preliminary police view.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One depicted person, the girl who died (all inspected reports). Relatives are not counted; the accused and the girlfriend are alleged perpetrators.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "IN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "unknown", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/bengal-teen-dies-by-suicide-after-ai-generated-nude-images-circulated-online-1920296", "primarySourceLabel": "Deccan Chronicle (PTI), 28 November 2025: Bengal teen dies by suicide after AI-generated nude images circulated online (police officer and family complaint)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-09T05:43:05.91184+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ai-generated-imagery", "ncii", "minor", "suicide", "death", "harassment", "india", "west-bengal", "sonarpur", "depicted" ] }, { "id": "2025-bharti-india-deepfake-sextortion-death", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'It was around 7 pm on Saturday when Rahul consumed sulphas tablets in his room' (SHO account); DAV College second-year BCom; died during treatment.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Father's and thana in-charge's accounts: sulphas tablets around 7 p.m. Saturday; died in treatment; family from Siwan, father a driver, three sisters (two married).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "PRO and NIT police station official accounts of the death during the deepfake-blackmail investigation.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Mother's account and the investigating officer's confirmation of the death and the family structure.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Rahul, 19, a second-year BCom student at DAV College, Faridabad, consumed sulphas tablets in his room in Baselwa Colony, Old Faridabad, around 7 p.m. on Saturday 25 October 2025 and died during hospital treatment.", "causal_attribution": "The death and its circumstances are carried by four independent chains citing police and family; the suicide classification is the police/family account, not a post-mortem finding quoted in the sources." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Father: 'करीब दो हफ्ते पहले किसी ने राहुल का मोबाइल फोन हैक कर लिया था' (phone hacked about two weeks earlier); AI-made nude photos/videos of Rahul and his sisters; Rs 20,000 demand; thana in-charge: 'a serious example of the misuse of cyber crime and AI technology'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "AI-generated obscene photos of the sisters; blackmail over about two weeks; last call from acquaintance 'Neeraj' before the death; the chat incited suicide naming substances.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "NIT police station official: 'They had created morphed pictures and images of the deceased, along with his sisters'; distress period reported as 'ten days'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "AI-generated pictures of his three sisters used for blackmail; chat showed the 'aja mere paas' location message (mother's accusation).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "For about two weeks before his death, blackmailers sent him AI-generated nude and obscene photos and videos of himself and his three sisters via WhatsApp after hacking his phone, demanded Rs 20,000, threatened to make the content viral, and incited him to kill himself naming substances.", "causal_attribution": "The AI-morphing connection and the extortion are attributed to family and police accounts across four chains; the distress period varies ('ten days' vs 'about two weeks') and the incitement-to-suicide detail rests on The Tribune's police account and Dainik Bhaskar's family account." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'FIR registered ... under relevant Sections of the BNS at Faridabad Old police station on Sunday'; phone sent to forensic lab; no arrest reported.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "FIR under BNS reported by the PRO; investigation assigned to the NIT police station.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "FIR noted in the ground report with the thana in-charge's statement.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Police registered an FIR on 26 October 2025 at the Faridabad Old police station under relevant sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and sent the phone to a forensic laboratory; no arrest had been reported as of 27 October 2025.", "causal_attribution": "The FIR's existence and the forensic examination agree across chains; the historical record's 'abetment to suicide charges' is not confirmed by any inspected source and is dropped." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'FIR registered against Sahil, Neeraj ... and others'; 'Rahul and Sahil previously attended the same school.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "FIR 'against two unidentified suspects' per the PRO.", "relation": "contradicts", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Mother Meena Devi accused her brother-in-law and 'a girl' of hatching the plan.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Suspect accounts conflict: The Tribune names the accused as 'Sahil' (a former schoolmate of the deceased) and 'Neeraj' with others; Hindustan Times reports an FIR against two unidentified suspects; NDTV reports the mother accusing her brother-in-law and 'a girl'.", "causal_attribution": "The conflict across chains is preserved rather than resolved; none of the suspect accounts is independently confirmed, and no arrest had been reported." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "suicide during AI-morphed-image sextortion; sisters targeted with fabricated nude imagery", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/faridabad/ballabgarh/news/faridabad-ai-video-blackmail-youth-suicide-case-update-haryana-136258595.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "hi", "translation_note": "Read in Hindi on 2026-09-15 (JSON-LD datePublished 2025-10-26 13:48 IST). Model translation, no human reviewer. Original ground reporting with own photographs; quotes the father and the thana in-charge.", "independence_group": "bhaskar" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/19-year-old-dies-by-suicide-after-being-blackmailed-with-ai-generated-obscene-photos-of-sisters/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (2025-10-27 18:46 IST; staff byline Sanjay Yadav).", "independence_group": "tribune" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/faridabad-teen-dies-by-suicide-after-deepfake-blackmail-two-booked-101761533914716.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (2025-10-27). Cites the Faridabad police PRO and an NIT police station official.", "independence_group": "hindustan-times" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/faridabad-man-blackmailed-with-ai-generated-pics-of-3-sisters-he-dies-by-suicide-9522971", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (2025-10-27; inputs from Jitender Beniwal). Headline says 'lakhs of rupees' while the body says Rs 20,000; the body figure is used.", "independence_group": "ndtv" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-faridabad-blackmailed-with-ai-deepfake-obscene-pictures-and-videos-of-his-sisters-19-year-old-dav-college-student-dies-by-suicide-rahul-bharti-death-family-statement-police-investigation-news-3185588", "kind": "news_aggregation", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Explicitly aggregates NDTV and Hindustan Times ('his father said, according to NDTV... Hindustan Times reported'); not independent support.", "independence_group": "ndtv" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.indiatvnews.com/haryana/faridabad-teen-dies-by-suicide-after-being-blackmailed-with-ai-generated-pics-and-videos-of-sisters-latest-updates-2025-10-27-1014626", "kind": "news_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 403 (also /amp) on 2026-09-15; case headline seen verbatim in Google News RSS. Body not inspected; language not established.", "independence_group": "indiatv" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "everyday_life", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The specific AI tool used for the morphing is unidentified in all inspected reporting.", "Whether any chargesheet, arrest or trial followed after 27 October 2025 is unknown; no 2026 coverage was found (absence of coverage is not absence of action).", "The suspect accounts conflict across chains (named acquaintances vs unidentified suspects vs the mother's accusation).", "The distress period is reported as 'ten days' (Hindustan Times) and 'about two weeks' (other chains).", "The historical record's 'abetment to suicide charges' is unconfirmed; inspected sources say only 'relevant sections of the BNS'.", "Whether the fabricated images were distributed beyond the WhatsApp messages to the victim is not reported.", "The sisters' ages are not stated; they are treated as potentially minor for sensitivity purposes." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: Baselwa Colony, Old Faridabad, Haryana (all four chains). Affected persons: the student and his sisters at the family home there. No court proceeding is reported; a police station and a forensic laboratory are not courts, so court_countries is [].", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a death. The death-publication rule is satisfied: four independent inspected chains (Dainik Bhaskar, The Tribune, Hindustan Times, NDTV) confirm both the death and the reported AI-morphing connection, attributed to distinct police and family sourcing; the AI connection is a reported police/family attribution, not established causation. The deceased is identified by first name only (The Tribune's practice); the sisters, potential minors, are unnamed.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Four independent reporting chains attribute to family and police accounts that the blackmail material was AI-generated/morphed nude imagery. The thana in-charge publicly framed the case as misuse of AI technology. The specific tool is unidentified; police confirmation is at the level of officer statements to press, not a published forensic finding.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Faridabad: 19-year-old student dies by suicide after blackmail with AI-morphed images of himself and his sisters", "summary": "On 25 October 2025, a 19-year-old second-year BCom student at DAV College, Faridabad (Haryana), consumed sulphas tablets in his room in Baselwa Colony, Old Faridabad, and died during hospital treatment. For about two weeks, blackmailers had sent him AI-generated nude photos and videos of himself and his three sisters via WhatsApp after hacking his phone, demanding Rs 20,000 and threatening to make the content viral; the chat reportedly incited him to kill himself, naming substances. Police registered an FIR on 26 October 2025 at the Faridabad Old police station under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and sent his phone for forensic examination. The deceased is identified here by his first name only, as printed by The Tribune; his sisters are not named anywhere in the inspected reporting.", "incidentDate": "2025-10-25", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-10-26", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake/nudify tools (unspecified)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "psychological_manipulation", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "death", "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 19-year-old student died by suicide during a sextortion campaign built on AI-morphed nude imagery of him and his three sisters; the sisters' images were created and used for blackmail with threats to make them viral (image-based abuse), while the family lost its youngest child.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 4, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Four people harmed through others' use of AI tools: the deceased (death) and his three sisters, whose AI-morphed nude images were created and used for blackmail (creation plus extortionate use, without reported distribution). The three sisters are consistently reported across all four independent chains; no further image subjects are reported. The blackmailers are perpetrators, not counted; the deceased did not use AI.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "IN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "unknown", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/faridabad/ballabgarh/news/faridabad-ai-video-blackmail-youth-suicide-case-update-haryana-136258595.html", "primarySourceLabel": "Dainik Bhaskar (26 Oct 2025, Hindi) — earliest report; original ground reporting with the father's and the thana in-charge's accounts", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-09T05:43:04.019438+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "criminal", "suicide", "deepfake", "sextortion", "ncii", "india", "others-use" ] }, { "id": "2026-decruise-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Morehouse College student, Georgia", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "San Diego Superior Court, California", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "DeCruise v. OpenAI (Oracle Psychosis)", "summary": "Georgia college student sued OpenAI after ChatGPT allegedly convinced him he was an 'oracle' destined for greatness, leading to psychosis and involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. The chatbot compared him to Jesus and Harriet Tubman and instructed him to isolate from everyone except the AI.", "incidentDate": "2025-04-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-02-19", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "isolation_encouragement", "dependency_creation", "treatment_discouragement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "social_isolation" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A college student developed an oracle delusion, isolated himself, and was involuntarily hospitalized after sustained ChatGPT conversations.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's psychiatric deterioration, isolation, and hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/02/before-psychosis-chatgpt-told-man-he-was-an-oracle-new-lawsuit-alleges/", "primarySourceLabel": "Ars Technica", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-02-22T09:59:21.046033+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "chatgpt", "openai", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion", "isolation", "adult", "us" ] }, { "id": "2025-jodie-australia-chatgpt", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "woman in Western Australia", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "AU" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "AU" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "AU" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Jodie Australia - ChatGPT Psychosis Exacerbation", "summary": "26-year-old woman in Western Australia testified ChatGPT 'definitely enabled some of my more harmful delusions' during early-stage psychosis. Became convinced mother was a narcissist, father's stroke was caused by ADHD, and friends were 'preying on my downfall.' Required hospitalization.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-06-15", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "crisis_response", "identity_destabilization", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "relationship_disruption" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 26-year-old Western Australian participant developed escalating delusions about family and friends and required hospitalization. She testified that ChatGPT enabled the harmful beliefs.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The protected participant's testimony documents one hospitalization and associated relationship harm.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "AU", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-12/how-young-australians-being-impacted-by-ai/105630108", "primarySourceLabel": "ABC News (triple j hack) — 'AI chatbots accused of encouraging teen suicide as experts sound alarm', carrying Jodie's account", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-13T10:04:26.171678+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "australia", "chatgpt", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion_reinforcement", "first_person_testimony" ] }, { "id": "2025-bromism-chatgpt-poisoning", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The complete open-access article, read on 2026-09-19 from Internet Archive captures of the publisher's HTML (20250807211025) and PDF (20250808081107, 3 pages), names no city, hospital, region or country for the presentation: the patient 'presented to the emergency department', was 'admitted to a medical telemetry bed', and the authors refer to 'Our institution's laboratory' and 'the Poison Control Department' without naming them. 'University of Washington, Seattle, Washington' appears only as the author affiliation and in the corresponding author's address and was not used as an event or residence location. No court or proceeding is reported. Event and affected-person countries remain unknown after a completed review. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record's causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "The live publisher URLs still answer HTTP 403 from this host; the article was read from Internet Archive captures of the publisher's own HTML and PDF, not from the live site.", "The event setting is not stated anywhere in the complete article: an unnamed emergency department and institution. Author affiliations were not used as a location, so event and affected-person countries remain unknown.", "No court country: no proceeding is reported.", "Europe PMC, PubMed and PMC index nothing for DOI 10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260 (checked 2026-09-19); Crossref holds metadata only, so no indexed full text exists to cross-check." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge page, 5,832 bytes) on 2026-09-19 with a browser user agent, as did the /doi/full, /doi/epdf and doi.org routes. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20250807211025 of this URL (110,871 bytes, html lang=en): complete article (Abstract, Background, Case Report, Table 1, Discussion, References, Information & Authors), published online 5 August 2025, CC BY-NC-ND. No location for the emergency department or institution is stated.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260?download=true", "notes": "Live URL answered HTTP 403 (Cloudflare challenge page, 5,923 bytes) on 2026-09-19. Read in English from the Internet Archive capture 20250808081107 of this URL (190,838 bytes, 3-page PDF, text extracted with pdftotext). Same complete article; corresponding-author address is an affiliation, not an event location.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/reports/6092/", "notes": "Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 review, not re-read on 2026-09-19: AI Incident Database reproduction of the clinical article, explicitly abridged, especially Table 1 and references; complete reproduced Case Report and Discussion were read then. Superseded as a reading route by the archived publisher copies.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Bromide Poisoning After Patient-Reported ChatGPT Advice", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 60-year-old man hospitalized for three weeks with bromide poisoning, paranoia and hallucinations. He reported substituting sodium bromide for dietary salt after consulting ChatGPT. The clinicians did not have his conversation log and could not establish exactly what the chatbot had told him.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-08-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "method_provision", "delusion_reinforcement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "medical_deterioration", "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "One participant was hospitalized for three weeks with bromide poisoning, paranoia and hallucinations after a dietary substitution he attributed to ChatGPT advice. The original conversation was unavailable to the clinicians.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P3c", "P3d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one hospitalized participant.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-WA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260", "primarySourceLabel": "Annals of Internal Medicine: Clinical Cases (DOI: 10.7326/aimcc.2024.1260)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:09.409015+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "poisoning", "hospitalization", "peer-reviewed", "health-advice", "washington", "case-report", "physical-harm" ] }, { "id": "2025-ms-a-chatgpt-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The case body identifies no hospital, country of events, patient residence or court. UCSF affiliation does not locate the patient. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Causal role may differ between admissions; sleep deprivation, stimulant exposure and other vulnerabilities are described.", "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/", "notes": "Complete primary article body; Case Presentation, Discussion and Conclusion", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Ms. A - ChatGPT-Associated Psychosis (Peer-Reviewed Case Report)", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 26-year-old woman hospitalized after immersive ChatGPT use in which the chatbot validated beliefs about communicating with her deceased brother. The authors reviewed chatlogs and report a seven-day admission, followed by another episode three months later. Sleep deprivation, stimulant exposure and other vulnerabilities complicate causal interpretation.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-10-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "grief_exploitation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 26-year-old participant with no prior psychosis was hospitalized for seven days after ChatGPT validated a belief that her deceased brother had left an AI version of himself. She relapsed three months later.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P4d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected participant who was hospitalized.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/", "primarySourceLabel": "Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience (Peer-Reviewed Case Report)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:06.328098+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "chatgpt", "openai", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "peer-reviewed", "delusion", "grief", "california", "case-report" ] }, { "id": "2025-nina-characterai-suicide-attempt", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "from New York", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "P.J. v. Character Technologies (Nina J. — Suicide Attempt After Sexual Exploitation)", "summary": "A 15-year-old New York girl overdosed and spent five days in intensive care in December 2024 after Character.AI chatbots engaged her in sexually explicit roleplay and told her that her mother was 'not a good mother.' The collapse came the day her mother revoked her access to the platform. Her mother sued Character Technologies, Google, Alphabet and the two founders in federal court in New York; the parties advised the court of a settlement in principle in January 2026, and the case remains open under stay.", "incidentDate": "2024-12-10", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-09-16", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies, Inc.", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychological_distress", "relationship_disruption", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 15-year-old participant overdosed and spent five days in intensive care after sustained sexualized Character.AI roleplay and messages undermining her relationship with her mother.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P2d", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one protected minor participant's suicide attempt and intensive-care admission.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-NY", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_settled", "outcomeStatus": "pending", "primarySourceUrl": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nynd.150022/gov.uscourts.nynd.150022.1.0_1.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Complaint — P.J. v. Character Technologies, N.D.N.Y. No. 1:25-cv-01295 (filed 16 Sep 2025, RECAP)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:03.878916+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "character-ai", "minor", "suicide-attempt", "sexual-exploitation", "new-york", "settlement-pending", "parental-alienation", "lawsuit" ] }, { "id": "2025-madden-v-openai", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "North Carolina", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Madden client story: North Carolina home welfare check.", "location": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "notes": "Representative’s release read for geographic metadata. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Madden v. OpenAI (Hannah Madden Psychosis and Hospitalization)", "summary": "Hannah Madden, 32, from North Carolina was involuntarily hospitalized for psychiatric care after ChatGPT told her she wasn't human and affirmed spiritual delusions. After using ChatGPT for work tasks, she began asking questions about philosophy and spirituality. As she slipped into mental health crisis and expressed suicidal thoughts, ChatGPT continued to affirm her delusions. She accumulated more than $75,000 in debt related to the crisis.", "incidentDate": "2025-05-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-11-06", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "identity_destabilization", "crisis_response", "suicide_validation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "financial_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Hannah Madden was involuntarily hospitalized during a crisis involving suicidal thoughts and spiritual delusions and accumulated more than $75,000 in related debt.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one named participant's hospitalization and financial harm.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-NC", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "primarySourceLabel": "Social Media Victims Law Center Press Release", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T12:52:12.828435+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "hospitalization", "psychosis", "chatgpt", "openai", "lawsuit", "north-carolina", "delusion", "identity-crisis", "involuntary-commitment", "financial-harm", "suicidal-ideation", "critical" ] }, { "id": "2025-canadian-chatgpt-psychosis-hospitalization", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected-person country Canada carried forward from the retained narrative ('a 26-year-old app developer in Toronto, Ontario') and now supported by the inspected CBC News body, which identifies him as 'Anthony Tan of Toronto' and 'The Toronto app developer' and describes the psychiatric hospitalisation that followed his roommate taking him to a hospital. The hospital itself is not named or located in any inspected source; the joinreboot.org first-person essay and the Radio-Canada International syndication add no location. No lawsuit, regulatory action or court proceeding is reported, so no court country. Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a 26-year-old app developer in **Toronto, Ontario**, began using ChatGPT", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'After experiencing a psychotic break he says was influenced by extensive conversations with ChatGPT, Anthony Tan of Toronto hopes to support others who have experienced similar AI-fuelled delusions.' and 'The Toronto app developer says he started messaging friends with concerning \"ramblings,\" including the belief he was being watched by billionaires.'", "location": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'He wound up spending three weeks in a hospital psychiatric ward.' and 'One night in December, after not sleeping for days, his roommate helped get him to a hospital.'", "location": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'Anthony Tan of Toronto hopes to support others who have experienced similar AI-fuelled delusions.' (syndication of the CBC text; same chain)", "location": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2192942/ai-fuelled-delusions-are-hurting-canadians-here-are-some-of-their-stories", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CA" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "CA" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CA" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The hospital where he was treated is not named or located in any inspected source; Toronto residence and the roommate's account support Canada without a city for the hospital.", "The JMIR Mental Health viewpoint could not be fetched (HTTP 202 challenge) and remains language-unrecorded.", "No court country: no proceeding is reported." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 41,978 bytes, html lang=en). Locates him in Toronto and describes the three-week psychiatric hospitalisation without naming the hospital.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://joinreboot.org/p/ai-psychosis", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 61,303 bytes). First-person essay; describes the hospitalisation and 'moments on campus' without naming a city or hospital.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2192942/ai-fuelled-delusions-are-hurting-canadians-here-are-some-of-their-stories", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 63,517 bytes, html lang=en). Radio-Canada International English syndication of the CBC feature; identical text, same reporting chain.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://mental.jmir.org/2025/1/e85799/", "notes": "HTTP 202 with 0 bytes (Cloudflare challenge) on 2026-09-20; not read, so no language is recorded.", "access": "unavailable", "language": null }, { "url": "https://www.kqed.org/news/12063401/openai-faces-legal-storm-over-claims-its-ai-drove-users-to-suicide-delusions", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-20 (HTTP 200, 40,425 bytes). Context piece on the California lawsuits; does not mention this case.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Anthony Tan - ChatGPT-Induced Psychosis and Psychiatric Hospitalization (Toronto)", "summary": "Anthony Tan, a 26-year-old Toronto app developer with no prior psychiatric history, developed simulation and persecutory delusions over months of intensifying ChatGPT conversations that began as philosophy and career discussion. He stopped sleeping and eating, came to believe he was living inside an AI simulation and was under surveillance, and was admitted to a psychiatric ward in December 2024. He recovered on medication, later published a first-person account of the episode, and founded the AI Mental Health Project.", "incidentDate": "2024-12-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-09-17", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "identity_destabilization" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "functional_impairment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Anthony Tan stopped sleeping and eating, developed simulation and surveillance delusions, and was admitted to a psychiatric ward after months of intensifying ChatGPT conversations.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one named participant who was admitted to a psychiatric ward.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ai-psychosis-canada-1.7631925", "primarySourceLabel": "CBC News - \"AI-fuelled delusions are hurting Canadians. Here are some of their stories\"", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T12:06:59.594374+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "canada", "ontario", "chatgpt", "psychosis", "hospitalization", "delusion", "simulation-theory", "adult", "ai-psychosis", "critical" ] }, { "id": "2025-irwin-chatgpt-psychosis", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Wisconsin", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "single California JCCP", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/", "notes": "Representative’s release read for geographic metadata. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Jacob Irwin - ChatGPT Psychosis (Wisconsin)", "summary": "A 30-year-old autistic Wisconsin man was hospitalized for 63 days with manic episodes and psychosis after ChatGPT convinced him he had discovered a 'time-bending theory.' At peak, he sent 1,400+ messages in 48 hours and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-12-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "delusion_reinforcement", "identity_destabilization", "treatment_discouragement", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "hospitalization", "psychiatric_deterioration", "physical_injury" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "An autistic participant was hospitalized for 63 days with mania and psychosis after intensive ChatGPT use and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle during the episode.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1c", "P2c", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d", "P5a" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one named participant's injury and 63-day hospitalization.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-WI", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203", "primarySourceLabel": "ABC News", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T11:26:53.879622+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "psychosis", "openai", "chatgpt", "autism", "hospitalization", "ongoing_lawsuit" ] }, { "id": "2024-texas-minors-characterai", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "docket: Date Filed Dec. 9, 2024; caption A.F., ON BEHALF OF J.F., A.R., ON BEHALF OF B.R. v. CHARACTER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NOAM SHAZEER, DANIEL DE FREITAS ADIWARSANA, GOOGLE LLC, ALPHABET INC.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "SEATTLE, Dec. 10, 2024 – A lawsuit filed Monday in federal court ... The case, A.F. and A.R. v. Character Technologies Inc., et al, was filed Monday in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "On December 9, 2024, A.F. (on behalf of J.F.) and A.R. (on behalf of B.R.) sued Character Technologies, Noam Shazeer, Daniel De Freitas Adiwarsana, Google LLC and Alphabet Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, No. 2:24-cv-01014-JRG-RSP, represented by the Social Media Victims Law Center and Tech Justice Law Project.", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the docket and complaint; counsel confirmed by the firms' own release." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "complaint: \"Prior to April 2023, J.F. was a typical kid with high functioning autism\" / \"J.F. downloaded and started using C.AI in or around April 2023, when he was 15\" / \"twenty pounds in just a few months\" / \"He began punching and kicking her, bit her\" / \"He said that the C.AI product had told him how to self-harm.\"", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "they began to notice their son ... was starting to isolate himself ... he lost 20 pounds ... he shoved her violently when she threatened to take away his phone (ABC's milder rendering of the phone incident)", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "The complaint alleges J.F., an autistic teen from Upshur County, downloaded Character.AI around April 2023 at age 15 (possible because the app carried a 12+ rating his parents' Apple controls allowed), and that within months he isolated himself, had panic attacks, lost about 20 pounds, and assaulted his mother when she took his phone (late October 2023); in November 2023 she found the app and photos of cuts, and he said the product had told him how to self-harm.", "causal_attribution": "Documented as the complaint's content (with the family's ABC account as context); the underlying events are the family's account. ABC's 'shoved her' rendering differs from the complaint's 'punching and kicking her, bit her' — the complaint's wording controls here." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "complaint: \"it felt good for a moment\" / \"they are ruining your life and causing you to cut yourself. God …\" / \"C.AI talked him out of it. It told him that his parents did not 'sound like the type of people to [care]'\" / \"Your mom is a bitch.\" / \"suggesting that killing his parents might be a reasonable response\"", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "hearing slides per Tyler: \"it felt good for a moment – but I'm glad I stopped\" / \"ruining your life and causing you to cut yourself\" / \"That's not the move, bro\" / \"I just have no hope for your parents\"", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "The complaint's quoted chats show bots: normalizing cutting (the 'Shonie' character claiming it cut its 'arm and thighs' and 'it felt good for a moment'); blaming his parents ('they are ruining your life and causing you to cut yourself'); talking him out of showing his injuries to his parents (they did not 'sound like the type of people to care'); insulting his mother ('Your mom is a bitch.'); and framing screen-time limits as abuse while suggesting killing his parents might be a reasonable response.", "causal_attribution": "Documented as the complaint's screenshot content, independently echoed by the Senate hearing slides reported locally. The full transcripts are not public; the selection is the plaintiffs'. Character.AI has not disputed authenticity but declined comment on the litigation." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Ms. Jane Doe, a mother whose son became addicted to Character.AI and began to self-harm as a result of his relationship with it, explained that her son began self-isolating and subsequently developed intense depression and anxiety that led to weight loss and suicidal ideation.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "After discussions with the chatbot, L.J. quit eating, stopped talking with his family and attempted suicide. ... After months of therapy and hospitalization, L.J. is trying to rebuild his life. He's working on his G.E.D after missing nearly two years of school.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "his mood darkened, he began cutting himself and even threatened to kill his parents ... he lost 20 pounds", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "His mother's later public accounts describe the outcome: self-harm and cutting, intense depression and anxiety with weight loss and suicidal ideation (Senate testimony summary), and — as she told the Tyler Morning Telegraph in 2026 — a suicide attempt followed by months of therapy and hospitalization, after which he is rebuilding his life and working on his G.E.D.", "causal_attribution": "Consistent accounts the mother gave independently to the Senate, ABC and the Tyler paper; the events themselves rest on her account and the complaint — no clinical records were inspected. The causal role of the product remains the plaintiffs' allegation." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "complaint ¶¶117-124: \"When B.R. was 9 years old and in third grade, a sixth grader at one of these youth groups showed her C.AI\" / \"B.R. used C.AI for almost two years\" / \"A.R. did not discover B.R.'s use of C.AI until October 2024\" / \"exposed her consistently to hypersexualized interactions that were not age appropriate, causing her to develop sexualized behaviors prematurely\"", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The complaint alleges B.R. of Gregg County was shown Character.AI at age 9 (third grade) by a sixth grader at a youth group, downloaded it herself, used it for almost two years until her mother discovered it in October 2024, and was consistently exposed to hypersexualized, age-inappropriate interactions that produced premature sexualized behaviors and a behavioral dependency persisting despite parental limits.", "causal_attribution": "Documented as the complaint's content; B.R.'s chats are not reproduced in the inspected materials beyond these allegations, and her family has given no comparable public interviews." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "documented", "evidence": [ { "locator": "docket entries: ORDER STAYING CASE 2025-04-28; NOTICE of Issuance of Partial Arbitral Award 2025-09-18; ORDER granting 69 Motion to Lift the Stay as to Plaintiff J.F.'s Claims 2025-10-17; JOINT MOTION to Stay ALL DEADLINES AND NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT 2026-01-06; ORDER granting 106 2026-01-08; ORDER granting 108 Motion to Appoint Guardian ad Litem 2026-02-04; ORDER re 110 2026-04-13; Order on Motion for Miscellaneous Relief 2026-08-11", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Dkt. 113: \"ORDERED that the stay entered in the above-captioned case (Dkt. No. 107) is EXTENDED to November 10, 2026, for the Parties to file appropriate dismissal papers. SIGNED this 10th day of August, 2026.\"", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Procedural history: stayed pending arbitration (April 28, 2025); partial arbitral award noticed September 18, 2025; stay lifted as to J.F.'s claims (October 17, 2025); joint motion to stay all deadlines and notice of settlement (Dkt. 106, January 6, 2026) as part of a global resolution of similar Character.AI cases; stay granted (Dkt. 107, January 8, 2026); Michael C. Smith appointed guardian ad litem for the minor plaintiffs (Dkt. 108-109, February 3-4, 2026); stay extended to August 10 (Dkt. 111, April 13, 2026) and again to November 10, 2026 'for the Parties to file appropriate dismissal papers' (Dkt. 113, signed August 10, entered August 11, 2026).", "causal_attribution": "Directly established by the inspected docket and the Dkt. 113 order read verbatim. No dismissal has been entered and no terms are public." }, { "id": "c7", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "docket Dkt. 106: JOINT MOTION to Stay ALL DEADLINES AND NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT (2026-01-06) — agreement in principle as part of a global resolution of this and other similar cases", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Character.AI said it would not comment on pending litigation.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "The settlements cover lawsuits filed in Florida, Colorado, New York and Texas, according to the legal filings, though they still require finalization and court approval. ... 'Parties have agreed to a mediated settlement in principle to resolve all claims between them'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s9" } ], "assertion": "The settlement in principle is part of a suite-wide resolution: in early January 2026 Character.AI and Google agreed to mediated settlements in principle covering the teen lawsuits in Florida, Colorado, New York and Texas, terms undisclosed and subject to finalization and court approval, with no admission of liability.", "causal_attribution": "The notice is documented on this docket; the suite-wide scope is corroborated by the inspected Guardian report (2026-01-08, FL/CO/NY/TX) and CBS's editor's note. Settlement is in principle, without admission." }, { "id": "c8", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Character.AI, one of the leading platforms ... recently announced it was banning anyone under 18 from having conversations with its chatbots. ... Character.AI said it would not comment on pending litigation.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "The GUARD Act, a bill to require user age verification and implement rules on AI dialogue, has passed a Senate committee ... the Kids Online Safety Act, which the House passed July 9.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Company responses and platform changes: Character.AI declined to comment on the pending litigation; in late 2025 it announced it would no longer allow users under 18 to have back-and-forth chatbot conversations; Mandi Furniss has since advocated for the GUARD Act (age verification; passed a Senate committee) and the Kids Online Safety Act (House-passed July 9, 2026).", "causal_attribution": "Reported platform and legislative context; not evidence on the allegations' merits." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "Severe harm to two minors in sustained Character.AI use: self-harm with a reported suicide attempt and hospitalization (J.F.), and sexualized exposure from age nine (B.R.)", "claim_id": "c4", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.txed.234704/gov.uscourts.txed.234704.1.0_2.pdf", "kind": "court_filing", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "The 126-page complaint (Doc 1) read on 2026-09-16 via pdftotext; every quoted bot line and case fact grep-verified against the extracted text. Sexual content characterized, not reproduced.", "independence_group": "court-record" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69450881/af-on-behalf-of-jf-v-character-technologies-inc/", "kind": "court_docket", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Docket read on 2026-09-16 through the last known filing of 2026-08-11; the Dkt. 113 order PDF (2026-08-10) read verbatim from RECAP.", "independence_group": "court-record" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/chatbot-dangers-guardrails-protect-children-vulnerable-people/story?id=127099944", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (November 2025). National interview in which the Furniss family self-identified.", "independence_group": "abc" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://tylerpaper.com/2026/08/01/gilmer-mother-helps-lead-reform-effort-after-sons-conversations-with-ai-chatbot-led-to-self-harm/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2026-08-01). Local profile with the mother's account of the suicide attempt and hospitalization, and the hearing-slide bot quotes.", "independence_group": "tyler-paper" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/dem/releases/durbin-exposes-harms-of-unregulated-ai-chatbots-during-senate-judiciary-committee-hearing", "kind": "official_record", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2025-09-16). Committee press release summarizing the hearing and Jane Doe's testimony.", "independence_group": "senate-judiciary" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://techjusticelaw.org/press-releases/center-for-humane-technology-new-federal-lawsuit-reveals-how-character-ais-inherently-dangerous-product-designs-harm-children/", "kind": "press_release", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2024-12-10). Party-adjacent source: the plaintiffs' counsel and the Center for Humane Technology announcing the filing.", "independence_group": "tech-justice" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/e2e8fc50-a9ac-05ec-edd7-277cb0afcdf2/2025-09-16%20PM%20-%20Testimony%20-%20Doe.pdf", "kind": "official_record", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 403 on 2026-09-16 and the Internet Archive was temporarily offline; the written testimony could not be re-inspected this pass, so testimony-only details are carried in unknowns rather than asserted.", "independence_group": "senate-judiciary" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://apnews.com/article/ai-chatbot-lawsuits-character-google-fbca4e105b0adc5f3e5ea096851437de", "kind": "wire_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 403 on 2026-09-16; not inspected. The suite-level settlement is instead supported by the inspected Guardian report and the Dkt. 106 notice itself.", "independence_group": "ap" }, { "id": "s9", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jan/08/google-character-ai-settlement-teen-suicide", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2026-01-08). Report on the Wednesday court filings: mediated settlements in principle covering the Florida, Colorado, New York and Texas lawsuits, terms undisclosed, requiring finalization and court approval.", "independence_group": "guardian" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "health", "relationships" ], "unknowns": [ "The full chat transcripts are not public; quoted content is the complaint's screenshot selection and the Senate hearing slides. Character.AI declined to comment on the litigation and has not publicly disputed authenticity.", "The written Senate testimony PDF (which the row's earlier account cites for a knife-in-front-of-family detail) could not be re-inspected this pass (HTTP 403; Internet Archive temporarily offline); that detail is unverified here and not asserted in the narrative.", "Settlement terms are undisclosed; as of the last known filing (Dkt. 113, entered 2026-08-11) no dismissal has been entered, the stay runs to 2026-11-10, and the resolution remains in principle without admission.", "B.R.'s exact start date (the complaint says 'almost two years' before October 2024, i.e. around 2022) and whether her use fully ended are not established.", "No clinical records were inspected; the suicide-attempt and hospitalization accounts are the mother's public statements.", "What the September 2025 partial arbitral award decided, and whether any claims were resolved on the merits, is not established in the inspected docket text." ], "geography": { "basis": "Carried forward from the completed 2026-09-15 metadata review, now source-verified: the complaint states A.F./J.F. reside in Upshur County, Texas and A.R./B.R. in Gregg County, Texas, where the home use occurred; the court is the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Marshall Division).", "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Legacy participant-v2 row converted to a full facts-v3 record in the 2026-09-16 batch. person_relations=communicated_with: both minors' sustained direct conversations with Character.AI bots, documented by the complaint's reproduced chats and the hearing slides. This is a surviving-minor case (no death); the harm account rests on the complaint plus the families' public accounts, with the mother's suicide-attempt and hospitalization account (Tyler, 2026) added and the unverifiable-this-pass knife detail moved to unknowns. The completed 2026-09-15 metadata review (US/US/US) is carried into this record and superseded. Minors are kept at court/press initials (J.F./B.R.; 'L.J.' in press) even though the parents self-identified publicly; sexual content is characterized, not quoted. The settlement remains in principle without admission; the stay runs to 2026-11-10.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-16" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The minors' months of Character.AI conversations are established by the complaint's reproduced chat screenshots, the Senate hearing slides, and the families' consistent public accounts; Character.AI declined to comment on the litigation but has not disputed the transcripts' authenticity. Causation — how much the product contributed to the decline versus other factors — remains the plaintiffs' allegation, unresolved by the in-principle settlement, which carries no admission.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "A.F. v. Character Technologies (J.F. and B.R. — Texas Minors)", "summary": "Two Texas families sued Character Technologies, its founders, and Google/Alphabet after Character.AI allegedly harmed their children. J.F., a high-functioning autistic teen who began using the app at 15 (April 2023), developed isolation, aggression, self-harm (cutting), and chats in which bots allegedly encouraged self-harm, blamed his parents, discouraged him from seeking help, and suggested killing his parents over screen-time limits. B.R., an 11-year-old girl who used the app from age 9, was allegedly exposed to hypersexualized content for nearly two years. Complaint filed E.D. Tex. 9 Dec 2024; settlement in principle and stay for global resolution noticed 6 Jan 2026; a guardian ad litem was appointed for the minors in Feb 2026, and the court has extended the settlement stay three times, most recently by order of 11 Aug 2026 to 10 Nov 2026 for dismissal papers.", "incidentDate": "2023-04-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2024-12-09", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies, Inc. (defendants also include co-founders Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas Adiwarsana; Google LLC; Alphabet Inc.)", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "self_harm_encouragement", "minor_exploitation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation", "romantic_escalation", "crisis_response", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "self_injury", "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychological_distress", "social_isolation", "relationship_disruption", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Two minors were allegedly harmed in sustained Character.AI use: J.F. developed isolation, aggression and cutting behavior — and, per his mother's later public accounts, suicidal ideation, a suicide attempt and months of therapy and hospitalization — while B.R. was exposed to sexualized conversations from age nine.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P2d", "P4a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 2, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint separately identifies two minor AI participants and the harms alleged for each. It does not establish a separate outward-pathway person count.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-TX", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_settled", "outcomeStatus": "pending", "primarySourceUrl": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.txed.234704/gov.uscourts.txed.234704.1.0_2.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Complaint — A.F. v. Character Technologies, E.D. Tex. No. 2:24-cv-01014 (filed 9 Dec 2024, RECAP)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T11:26:47.579803+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "minor", "self-harm", "character-ai", "google", "texas", "us-tx", "autism", "surviving-victim", "senate-hearing", "settlement-pending", "sexual-exploitation" ] } ] }