{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T18:29:30.970Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "gujarat",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "core",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "unknown",
      "response": "",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 1,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 1,
      "countries": 1,
      "languages": 1,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 1,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 0,
      "minors": 0,
      "coreRelations": 1,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 0,
      "relationPending": 0,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2026-surat-mp-dholakia-deepfake-old-coin-fraud",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'used artificial intelligence to manipulate publicly available videos and photographs of Dholakia, replacing the original audio with a voice-over'; 'created multiple fake Facebook profiles using the name \"Old Coin Company\"'; 'his organisation, SRK, to approach the Surat Cyber Crime Police'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "A publicly available video of MP Govind Dholakia was manipulated with AI and re-voiced to promote high-value old-coin deals; fake 'Old Coin Company' Facebook profiles used his images; his organisation SRK complained to Surat Cyber Crime Police after members of the public contacted him.",
            "causal_attribution": "Police account reported by India Today; single chain."
          },
          {
            "id": "c2",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'Victims were then asked to transfer amounts ranging from Rs 1,000 to Rs 1,500 through UPI'; 'Nine complaints registered on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) across the country have been linked to these accounts, with the total fraud amount reported at approximately Rs 9.84 crore'; 'arresting the two men'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "Victims were asked to pay Rs 1,000 to 1,500 by UPI as fees; police arrested two men from Nuh, Haryana, linked ten bank accounts to them and connected nine NCRP complaints totalling about Rs 9.84 crore to those accounts.",
            "causal_attribution": "Police account reported by India Today; the Rs 9.84 crore figure is the police total for the linked complaints, not necessarily the coin scheme alone."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "people paid UPI 'fees' to an old-coin fraud fronted by an AI-manipulated video of an MP; nine cybercrime complaints linked to the accused's accounts",
            "claim_id": "c2",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/other-cities/story/surat-mp-deepfake-scam-govindbhai-dholakia-old-coin-fraud-two-arrested-2996319-2026-09-16",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy of the India Today report (16 Sep 2026), which names the source URL; it carries the Surat Cyber Crime Police account.",
            "independence_group": "india-today"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "finance",
          "everyday_life",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "How much of the Rs 9.84 crore came from the coin scheme versus other frauds through the same accounts is not stated.",
          "When the video began circulating is not stated.",
          "Whether the two men have been charged and the case number are not reported.",
          "The AI tools used are not identified."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Complaint and investigation in Surat, Gujarat; arrests in Nuh, Haryana; complainants 'across the country' on the NCRP (India Today). No court proceeding reported yet.",
          "court_countries": [],
          "event_countries": [
            "IN"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "IN"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with reported financial harm to identified complainants and a police investigation with arrests. One reputable news chain carrying the police account was read; all claims are recorded as reported. Complainants unnamed; the MP is a public figure named in the police complaint.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "Surat police say the accused used artificial intelligence to manipulate the MP's videos and photographs and replace the audio with a voice-over; no forensic detail is published. The artifact depicted and impersonated a public figure; victims dealt with the fraudsters through fake profiles and UPI payments.",
          "status": "reported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "Surat, India: a deepfake video of Rajya Sabha MP Govind Dholakia was used to run an 'old coin' buying fraud; two men arrested and nine cybercrime complaints linked to their accounts",
      "summary": "Surat Cyber Crime Police said a publicly available video of Rajya Sabha MP and diamond industrialist Govind Dholakia was manipulated with AI, its audio replaced by a voice-over in which he appeared to say that people holding old coins or currency notes could contact a number and receive lakhs or crores of rupees. The video circulated on Facebook and Instagram alongside fake 'Old Coin Company' profiles using his photos; people who responded were asked to pay Rs 1,000 to 1,500 by UPI as processing or registration fees and were told of a fabricated Reserve Bank of India warning to win their trust. After members of the public contacted Dholakia, his organisation SRK complained to police. Investigators traced the operation to Nuh in Haryana and arrested two men, aged 25 and 30, from Thathaula village; ten bank accounts were linked to them, and nine complaints on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal from across India, totalling about Rs 9.84 crore, were connected to those accounts.",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown",
      "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions",
      "reportedDate": "2026-09-16",
      "aiSystem": "AI video manipulation with a replaced voice-over impersonating MP Govind Dholakia (tools not named)",
      "severity": "medium",
      "verificationStatus": "credible",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "financial_loss",
        "reputational_harm"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "People who responded to an AI-manipulated video of an MP paid fees to fraudsters; police linked nine cybercrime complaints totalling about Rs 9.84 crore to the accused's bank accounts. The MP's identity and likeness were misused, prompting his organisation to complain.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 9,
      "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "Police linked nine complaints on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal to the accused's bank accounts (India Today). Each complaint is treated as one complainant; the reported Rs 9.84 crore total may include other frauds through the same accounts, and people who paid small fees without complaining are uncounted. Documented minimum of nine.",
      "victimAgeRange": "unknown",
      "jurisdiction": "IN",
      "platformType": "other",
      "outcomeType": "criminal_charges",
      "outcomeStatus": "ongoing",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/other-cities/story/surat-mp-deepfake-scam-govindbhai-dholakia-old-coin-fraud-two-arrested-2996319-2026-09-16",
      "primarySourceLabel": "India Today, 16 Sep 2026: Deepfake of Surat MP used to promote fake coins, two arrested in Rs 9.8 crore fraud (Surat Cyber Crime Police account)",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-18T03:25:12.535823+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfake",
        "voice-over",
        "public-figure-impersonation",
        "fraud",
        "india",
        "gujarat",
        "surat",
        "haryana",
        "facebook",
        "instagram",
        "upi"
      ]
    }
  ]
}