{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T06:57:55.034Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"gaggle","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"minors","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":0,"minors":2,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":2,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-marana-arizona-gaggle-alert-on-pupils-unsent-draft-email-led-to-suspension-federal-court-lets-free-speech-claim-proceed","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Gaggle is a subscription, AI-based safety management software program that ... program that monitors students’ keystrokes on their laptops.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"in October 2024, her son was drafting an email to a teacher at her home about a grade when he started typing out jokes. ... The threat was flagged by a monitoring software used by the school districts on their ,called Gaggle.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"immediately deleted the message and closed his laptop, without","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the family's complaint, Gaggle, the AI-based safety management software the district ran on school laptops, monitors students' keystrokes, and it flagged a threat-like joke the pupil typed at home in October 2024 in a draft email to a teacher that he deleted without sending.","causal_attribution":"The family's allegation; the district declined to comment."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Within an hour of ... School Resource ... in class, and they were concerned about a possible threat. ... reported having received a Gaggle notification regarding ... The Gaggle notification included a photograph of ... were being tracked or that anyone could see the draft email.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court's order recites the complaint's allegation that, within an hour, the principal and the school resource officer called the mother after the principal received a Gaggle notification that included a photograph of the pupil's screen showing the draft email, and that neither mother nor son knew his keystrokes were being tracked.","causal_attribution":"Allegations taken as true for the motion; not findings."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"would be suspended for ten days ‘for using a school device to write about ... suspended for forty-five days, to include the ten days currently being served, with the ... On December 5, 2024, ... suspension but modifying the length of ... suspension to nine days.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the allegations the order recites, the pupil was suspended for ten days for using a school device to write about shooting up the school; a long-term suspension hearing set a 45-day suspension, reducible to eleven days with counselling; appeals affirmed it, and on 5 December 2024 the superintendent affirmed the suspension but shortened it to nine days.","causal_attribution":"The family's account of the district's disciplinary decisions."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"the Court will deny Defendants’ motion to ... dismiss regarding Plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim. ... the Court will dismiss his procedural due process ... to state a procedural due process claim arising from his long-term suspension. ... Dismiss (Doc. 20) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In an order filed on 30 March 2026, the District of Arizona granted the district's motion to dismiss in part and denied it in part: it declined to dismiss the First Amendment claim and dismissed the procedural due process claims over the ten-day and long-term suspensions.","causal_attribution":"none"},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"I had no idea that, down to the keystroke which was on the computer for a few seconds and deleted, that that would be seen ... MUSD declined to comment on this story, citing the pending litigation","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The pupil's mother told KOLD she had not known that a few seconds of deleted keystrokes could be seen; the district declined to comment, citing the pending litigation.","causal_attribution":"none"}],"effects":[{"label":"pupil suspended after an AI monitoring alert on an unsent, deleted draft email (family's allegations)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.azd.1450446/gov.uscourts.azd.1450446.33.0.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-23 (CourtListener RECAP copy of ECF 33, HTTP 200, all 17 pages); no translation. Order of the US District Court for the District of Arizona filed 30 March 2026 on the defendants' motion to dismiss; its factual background takes the first amended complaint's allegations as true for that purpose.","independence_group":"d-ariz-4-25-cv-00377-order"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.azd.1450446/gov.uscourts.azd.1450446.1.0.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-23 (CourtListener RECAP copy of ECF 1, the complaint filed 15 July 2025, HTTP 200); no translation. The first amended complaint (ECF 7) was not read; the order recites it.","independence_group":"family-complaint-d-ariz-2025"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.kold.com/2025/08/14/family-sues-marana-usd-after-student-was-suspended-school-shooting-joke/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-23 (HTTP 200); no translation. KOLD 13 News report of 14 August 2025 interviewing the pupil's mother and the family's lawyer; the district declined to comment. Same family account as the complaint.","independence_group":"family-complaint-d-ariz-2025"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The district's account of the alert and its decisions.","What category or score, if any, Gaggle assigned to the text, and whether a human reviewer at Gaggle saw it before the school.","How the case will be decided."],"geography":{"basis":"The pupil attended a school of the Marana Unified School District in Arizona, which issued the laptop, ran the monitoring and imposed the suspension; the suit is in the District of Arizona.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a contextual case (made_claim_about, informed_decision_about): according to the family's complaint, AI-based monitoring software flagged a pupil's deleted, unsent draft and the alert led to his suspension, and a federal court order of March 2026 lets the family's First Amendment claim proceed. The facts are the family's allegations; the district has not commented. The pupil is not identified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The family's complaint describes Gaggle as AI-based safety management software that monitors students' keystrokes, and alleges, as the court's order recites, that Gaggle sent the principal a notification with a photograph of the pupil's screen showing a deleted, unsent draft containing a threat-like joke. That automated flag of his text as concerning content is what brought the draft to the school's attention: the principal and school resource officer called within the hour, and the district suspended him for writing it. The district has not commented, and how the software classified the text is not described beyond the notification.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about","informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Arizona: family says a Gaggle alert on a pupil's unsent joke email led to his suspension; federal court lets their free-speech claim proceed","summary":"On 9 October 2024 a Marana Unified School District pupil in Arizona, typing at home on a school Chromebook in front of his mother, wrote a threat-like joke about shooting up the school in a draft email to a teacher and deleted it without sending it, according to his family's federal lawsuit. The family says Gaggle, the AI-based monitoring software the district used, flagged it: the principal received a Gaggle notification with a photograph of the screen and, with the school resource officer, called the mother within the hour. The family says the pupil was suspended for ten days, a long-term suspension hearing imposed 45 days reducible to eleven with counselling, and the superintendent finally affirmed a nine-day suspension in December 2024. In March 2026 the District of Arizona let the family's First Amendment claim proceed and dismissed its procedural due process claims. The district declined to comment to the press.","incidentDate":"2024-10-09","incidentEndDate":"2024-12-05","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-07-15","aiSystem":"Gaggle, described in the family's complaint as subscription, AI-based safety management software that monitors students' keystrokes on school laptops; its notification to the principal included a photograph of the pupil's screen","aiProduct":"Gaggle (reported)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to his family's lawsuit, a Gaggle alert on a deleted, unsent joke in a draft email led a school district to suspend a pupil; the superintendent finally set nine days. A federal court let the family's free-speech claim proceed.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the pupil suspended after the Gaggle alert (complaint, order and KOLD). His parents are plaintiffs on his behalf and are not counted separately.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.azd.1450446/gov.uscourts.azd.1450446.33.0.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"US District Court, District of Arizona, No. 4:25-cv-00377, order on motion to dismiss filed 30 Mar 2026 (ECF 33)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-23T03:21:47.656673+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-23T03:21:47.656673+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["school","student-monitoring","gaggle","suspension","first-amendment","lawsuit"]},{"id":"2025-deltona-florida-gaggle-alert-student-arrest-school-laptop-threat","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Deputies said a 15-year-old wrote a threat on his school laptop to bring a gun to ... and shoot another student.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The threat triggered a Gaggle alert, which notified the school resource deputy, who responded and detained the teen before he got on the bus to go home.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"That threat triggered a Gaggle alert and immediately notified the school resource deputy.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 12 September 2025 a 15-year-old high school student in Deltona, Florida was detained after typing a threat on a school-issued laptop to bring a gun to school and shoot another student, and a Gaggle alert notified the school resource deputy, who detained the student before boarding the bus home.","causal_attribution":"Police account relayed by two outlets that trace to one Sheriff's Office statement. The alert is reported as the trigger of the deputy's response."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Both students were arrested on second-degree felony charges and transported to the Volusia Family Resource Center for processing.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"They will be charged with second-degree felony charges, VSO said.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The student was arrested on a second-degree felony charge.","causal_attribution":"Arrest follows the alert and detention in the police account. The source does not separate the alert from the content of the text as cause. Fox 35 says the students 'will be charged'; the filed charge is not confirmed."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The teen admitted he typed the threat, didn’t mean it, and was just angry about being picked on.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student admitted typing the threat, said it was not meant, and said the motive was anger about being picked on.","causal_attribution":"Reported statement from the Sheriff's Office. It is not an independent account by the student or family."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"With the help of artificial intelligence , technology can dip into online conversations and immediately notify both school officials and law enforcement.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Associated Press reporting describes school-monitoring software 'like Gaggle and Lightspeed Alert' as using artificial intelligence to watch students' online conversations and notify school officials and law enforcement.","causal_attribution":"Description of a software class. It does not establish the mechanism of the alert in this case."}],"effects":[{"label":"Felony arrest of a minor following an automated alert","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.wesh.com/article/volusia-county-school-threats-mental-health-awareness/66929047","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Body read from a Wayback capture of the same URL because the live page returned 451.","independence_group":"vso-volusia-2025-09-12"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/two-volusia-county-students-arrested-school-threats-officials-say","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"vso-volusia-2025-09-12"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/schools-using-ai-surveillance-protect-110342650.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Associated Press investigation on AI school surveillance, cited only for the description of software like Gaggle. It does not mention this student.","independence_group":"ap-ai-surveillance-2025"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["education","justice"],"unknowns":["Whether the alert in this case was generated by an AI model, by keyword rules, or reviewed by a Gaggle or school human reviewer before reaching the deputy.","Outcome of the felony charge, any court or school discipline, and the family's account.","The Sheriff's Office statement (a Facebook post per Fox 35) was read only through outlet rewrites.","Whether the student's family disputes the arrest is not reported."],"geography":{"basis":"Sources place the events at a high school in Deltona, Volusia County, Florida, and name the county Sheriff's Office.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Three inspected news bodies: two rewrites of one Sheriff's Office statement for the event and one AP piece for the product description. The record states the police account as reported and does not treat the alert as established cause of the arrest.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Sheriff's Office account carried by local outlets says a Gaggle alert notified the deputy. AP reporting describes monitoring software like Gaggle as AI-assisted in general. No source states how this specific alert was generated or reviewed.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Deltona, Florida: Gaggle school-laptop alert leads to felony arrest of a 15-year-old over a typed gun threat the student said was not serious","summary":"According to a Volusia County Sheriff's Office account carried by local outlets, a 15-year-old high school student in Deltona, Florida was arrested on 12 September 2025 after typing a written threat to bring a gun to school on a school-issued laptop. The Gaggle student-monitoring software raised an alert that notified the school resource deputy, who detained the student before the student boarded the bus home. The student was arrested on a second-degree felony charge (one outlet says the charge was still to be filed). The student reportedly admitted typing the text, said it was not meant seriously and said the motive was anger about being picked on. Outcome of the charge and the exact Gaggle role in generating this alert are not reported.","incidentDate":"2025-09-12","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-09-13","aiSystem":"Gaggle, a student-safety monitoring service for school-provided devices (school-monitoring software of the kind Associated Press reporting describes as using artificial intelligence)","aiProduct":"Gaggle school monitoring","aiCompany":"Gaggle","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["loss_of_liberty","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The Sheriff's Office says a Gaggle alert on the student's typed threat led a deputy to detain the student before the bus ride home, and the student was arrested on a second-degree felony charge (police account; the student reportedly said the text was not meant seriously).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"One student (the 15-year-old arrested). The other Volusia students arrested in the same days are not counted: the sources tie a Gaggle alert only to this student.","victimAgeRange":"minor","platformType":"other","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.wesh.com/article/volusia-county-school-threats-mental-health-awareness/66929047","primarySourceLabel":"WESH 2, Volusia County deputies arrest four children accused of making school threats","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T12:42:12.865194+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:00.789359+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]}]}