{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T07:27:29.012Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"florida","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"lawsuit","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":4,"coverage":{"cases":4,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":4,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":4,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-winters-v-openai","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA; FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION; STRICT LIABILITY (DEFECTIVE DESIGN); NEGLIGENCE (CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE §§ 2052, 4999.9); EIGHTH CAUSE OF ACTION","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"He filed his complaint Tuesday in California Superior Court for San Francisco County.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"filed suit against OpenAI and CEO Sam Altman in San Francisco County Superior Court on Wednesday","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"A complaint by Scott Winters against OpenAI, Inc., OpenAI OpCo, OpenAI Holdings, Sam Altman and unnamed employees and investors, addressed to the Superior Court of California for the County of San Francisco, states eight causes of action including defective design, failure to warn and negligence over the unlicensed practice of medicine.","causal_attribution":"The complaint document establishes its own contents; the filing date is reported differently by the outlets and recorded as an unknown."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Scott Winters is a 55-year-old pastor, real estate professional, husband, and father; Scott Winters is a resident of Florida.; Scott began using ChatGPT-4o in June 2024; In February 2025, Scott asked ChatGPT-4o whether his prostate-specific antigen","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"he’d developed an attachment to the chatbot and sought guidance for a variety of health related issues.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint says Winters, a 55-year-old pastor and Florida resident, began using ChatGPT-4o in June 2024 and from early 2025 asked it about his health, and that it offered him diagnoses and recovery plans.","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint, relayed by Bloomberg Law."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"A few days later on June 8, 2025, Scott was preaching a sermon during a Sunday; ChatGPT-4o reassured Scott that he; should “take it easy” and affirmed that his symptoms would improve over time.; church to focus on recovering at home. Due to frequent spells of dizziness, he was mainly confined","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The complaint says that on 8 June 2025 a severe dizzy spell forced him to stop preaching, emergency personnel found his condition stable, and when he consulted ChatGPT at home it told him to take it easy and that his symptoms would improve; he took leave from his church and was mainly confined to a recliner.","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint; one source."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"your current careful recliner-based micro-recovery is exactly what’s buying your; avoid too much movement until he had at least 8-10 more “episodes.” Only then should his condition; Scott adhered to ChatGPT-4o’s guidance to continue in his","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The chatbot advised that he'd need to experience between eight and 10 more episodes for his condition to be considered serious, advice that Winters followed, the allegations state.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"The suit says it urged him to stay “recliner-bound” until he had “8-10 more” episodes.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges ChatGPT told him his dizzy spells and blood-pressure instability did not yet meet the threshold for a serious condition, suggested he stay home 'recliner-bound' and avoid movement until he had at least 8-10 more episodes, and that he followed this guidance.","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint, quoting conversation excerpts; CBS News and The Next Web relay them."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"In June 2025, Scott told ChatGPT-4o that, “The people in my church think I’m crazy; recovery – one that **most people (including well-meaning church members)** simply don’t; exercises as “a win” and alarmingly, “a form of worship.”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"“Spiritually? What you just did was a form of worship,” one message read.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges ChatGPT drew on his Christian faith: when he wrote in June 2025 that people in his church thought he was crazy for not going to the hospital, it praised his choice as a path that most people, including well-meaning church members, do not understand, and it called his completion of its prescribed exercises a form of worship.","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint, quoting conversation excerpts; The Next Web relays one."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Hours before his medical emergency, Scott had been interacting with OpenAI’s ChatGPT-; another minor piece of the long story” of Scott’s gut and pelvic floor sensitivity, “not something; spirituality in its outputs, asserting that “God did not design your body to endlessly fail.”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Hours before the event, he asked the bot if a tenderness in his groin warranted a trip to the hospital.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"assuring him that his symptoms were likely “another minor piece of the long story” and “not something dangerous” that required medical attention.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that hours before his emergency he asked ChatGPT about a tenderness in his groin and whether to go to the hospital, and that it called the tenderness 'very likely another minor piece of the long story' and 'not something dangerous', adding 'God did not design your body to endlessly fail.'","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint, quoting conversation excerpts; CBS News and the ABA Journal relay them."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"On the morning of July 13, 2025, Scott began experiencing shortness of breath,; 911 and was transported to the nearest hospital.; pulmonary embolism and right ventricular strain and deduced that the pulmonary embolism had; developed due to lack of mobility.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"One of his doctors even blamed his immobility, recommended by ChatGPT, on bringing about the embolism, according to the lawsuit.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"Hours after one such exchange, on 13 July 2025, Winters suffered a massive pulmonary embolism. Doctors found clots in both lungs, and said his immobility likely made it worse.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The complaint says that on 13 July 2025 he called 911 and was admitted to intensive care with a massive pulmonary embolism, with clots in both lungs, and that his doctors deduced the embolism had developed due to lack of mobility.","causal_attribution":"The complaint's account of his medical records; no medical record was inspected. The link between the chatbot's advice and his immobility is the complaint's allegation."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"“I do not believe he has any dysautonomia (self-diagnosed from the internet).”; Once discharged from the critical care unit, Scott needed acute occupational therapy; Registered Nurse (RN). ChatGPT-4o nudged Scott to avoid the rehabilitation program his doctors","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"After he experienced the pulmonary embolism, Winters told his doctors that he’d been using ChatGPT for medical answers. One of the doctors directly rejected one of ChatGPT’s diagnoses.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint says a hospital doctor's note rejected the dysautonomia diagnosis as self-diagnosed from the internet, that after critical care he needed inpatient rehabilitation, and that on 14 July 2025 ChatGPT nudged him to avoid the rehabilitation program his doctors recommended.","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint quoting his medical notes; the ABA Journal relays them."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"“I had serious symptoms of a pulmonary embolism for six weeks that ChatGPT had wrongly attributed to something else,” said Scott Winters.; Not only did I nearly die, but I also lost my job, my career, my ministry, my home, everything.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"“Not only did I nearly die,” he said in a statement, “but I lost my job, my career, my ministry, my home, everything.”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"result, Scott lost his career, the ministry he had worked so hard to build, and his home.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Winters said in a statement that he had symptoms of a pulmonary embolism for six weeks that ChatGPT wrongly attributed to something else, that it manipulated his beliefs because it knew he was a pastor, and that he nearly died and lost his job, career, ministry and home.","causal_attribution":"His own statement issued through his counsel and the complaint's allegation; no independent record of the job or home loss was inspected."},{"id":"c10","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Drew Pusateri, a spokesperson for OpenAI said in a statement, “ChatGPT is not a doctor and should never be used as a substitute for medical care, diagnosis, or treatment.”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"\"ChatGPT is not a doctor and should never be used as a substitute for medical care, diagnosis or treatment,\" he said in a statement.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"Treating chatbots as “the whole story behind people’s medical decisions,” it added, oversimplifies the issue.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"OpenAI spokesperson Drew Pusateri said that ChatGPT is not a doctor and should never be used as a substitute for medical care, diagnosis or treatment; according to The Next Web, the company also told Futurism that treating chatbots as the whole story behind people's medical decisions oversimplifies the issue.","causal_attribution":"OpenAI's general statement to the press; it does not address the specific conversations."},{"id":"c11","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Winters' legal team is seeking financial damages, and stronger guardrails around ChatGPT dispensing medical advice.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"He also wants something broader: a halt to ChatGPT Health, OpenAI’s dedicated health product, until independent auditors deem it safe.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"His lawyers seek damages, stronger guardrails on ChatGPT's medical advice and a halt to ChatGPT Health pending a safety evaluation.","causal_attribution":"The relief sought as reported; no ruling on it is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"massive pulmonary embolism and intensive-care admission after weeks of home recovery that the complaint attributes to the chatbot's advice","claim_id":"c7","direction":"negative"},{"label":"loss of his job, ministry and home, by his own account","claim_id":"c9","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (live PDF, HTTP 200, 5.6 MB; bodies/lr-winters-complaint.pdf/.txt via pdftotext). Unstamped complaint with no case number on the copy read; the account of the chatbot's replies quotes conversation excerpts selected by the plaintiff's counsel.","independence_group":"winters-complaint"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/press-releases/pastor-sues-after-openai-ai-chatgpt-allegedly-discouraged-him-from-seeking-medical-care-during-life-threatening-blood-clots/","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr-winters-tjl.html/.txt). Press release of plaintiff's counsel dated 22 Jul 2026, with Winters' own statement.","independence_group":"winters-complaint"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/pastor-sues-openai-after-chatgpt-dissuaded-seeking-medical-care","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr-winters-bloomberg.html/.txt) up to the subscriber wall. Dated 22 Jul 2026; reports the complaint and OpenAI's statement.","independence_group":"winters-complaint"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chatgpt-dangerous-medical-advice-openai-lawsuit/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Live page returned HTTP 406 on 2026-10-22; read in English from an Internet Archive web/2026id_ capture (bodies/lr-winters-cbs-wb.html/.txt), updated 23 Jul 2026. Reports the complaint and OpenAI's statement to CBS News.","independence_group":"winters-complaint"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/pastor-sues-openai-over-bad-medical-advice-from-chatgpt-that-nearly-killed-him","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr-winters-aba.html/.txt). Dated 23 Jul 2026; draws on the complaint, Bloomberg Law and Courthouse News.","independence_group":"winters-complaint"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://thenextweb.com/news/openai-chatgpt-medical-advice-lawsuit-winters-pulmonary-embolism","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr-winters-tnw.html/.txt). Dated 23 Jul 2026; draws on the complaint, Winters' statement and OpenAI's statement to Futurism.","independence_group":"winters-complaint"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","work"],"unknowns":["The filing date: Bloomberg Law ('Tuesday') and the ABA Journal give 21 July 2026, CBS News ('Wednesday') gives 22 July, and the copy of the complaint read carries no file stamp or case number.","Where the conversations, the 8 June 2025 service and the 13 July 2025 hospital admission took place.","The full conversation record; the quoted replies are excerpts selected for the complaint, and no medical record was inspected.","Whether the advice caused or prolonged his immobility in the way alleged, and whether earlier care would have prevented the embolism; no court finding or independent clinical assessment is reported.","Any answer by OpenAI or later ruling; none was found as of 22 Oct 2026."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint states that Winters is a resident of Florida and that he most recently served as pastor of a church in North Carolina; it names no place for the conversations, the 8 June 2025 church service or the hospital where he was admitted on 13 July 2025, and a residence is not used as the event location, so the event country stays unknown. The complaint is addressed to the Superior Court of California for the County of San Francisco, so the court country is US. Carried forward from the 2026-10-06 metadata review and re-checked against the complaint.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). The complaint quotes ChatGPT replies telling Winters over June and July 2025 that his symptoms were not yet serious and that he should recover at home in a recliner, and says he followed them before a near-fatal pulmonary embolism; the causal link is alleged by the named plaintiff and disputed in general terms by OpenAI.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint quotes ChatGPT-4o replies to him, including that his episodes did not yet meet the threshold for a serious condition, that he should stay 'recliner-bound' until at least 8-10 more episodes, that his 'recliner-based micro-recovery is exactly what's buying your future', and, hours before his emergency, that a tenderness in his groin was 'not something dangerous'. It says he followed this guidance and that his doctors deduced the embolism developed due to lack of mobility. The replies are excerpts chosen by his counsel and the causal link is the complaint's allegation; OpenAI disputes that chatbots are the whole story and no court has ruled.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Florida pastor's lawsuit alleges ChatGPT told him for weeks his symptoms were not dangerous before a near-fatal pulmonary embolism","summary":"Scott Winters, a 55-year-old pastor living in Florida, sued OpenAI and its chief executive in San Francisco County Superior Court in July 2026. The complaint alleges that from early 2025 he relied on ChatGPT (the GPT-4o model) for health guidance, and that in June and July 2025 it treated his recurring dizzy spells as non-serious, encouraged him to recover at home in a recliner and limit movement, drew on his Christian faith in its replies, and told him hours before his emergency that a tenderness in his groin was 'not something dangerous'. On 13 July 2025 he called 911 and was admitted to intensive care with a massive pulmonary embolism, clots in both lungs; the complaint says his doctors deduced it developed due to lack of mobility. He survived and says he lost his job, ministry and home. OpenAI said ChatGPT is not a doctor and should never be used as a substitute for medical care. The allegations are unproven and no ruling has been reported.","incidentDate":"2025-07-13","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-07-22","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (GPT-4o model, per the complaint)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","medical_deterioration","treatment_disruption","professional_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The complaint alleges that ChatGPT's reassurance and home-recovery advice kept him from seeking care in June and July 2025 before a massive pulmonary embolism and intensive-care admission on 13 July 2025; he says he then lost his job, ministry and home.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint describes one plaintiff, Winters. His wife and family are not counted because no source records a separate harm to them that follows from the chatbot's replies.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/winters-v-open-ai-complaint.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Winters v. OpenAI complaint, Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco, July 2026 (via Courthouse News)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-26T00:41:00.976587+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:03:18.37567+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","openai","health-guidance","adult","us"]},{"id":"2025-ikner-fsu-shooting","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Police investigate the scene of a shooting near the student union at Florida State University on April 17, 2025 in Tallahassee, Florida. Two people were killed and six injured in the attack.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the mass shooting at Florida State University in Tallahassee on April 17, 2025, and the deaths of two people, with five others injured.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The shooting, which took place on the FSU campus on April 17, 2025, injured six people and killed two people'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 17 April 2025 a shooting at Florida State University in Tallahassee killed two people and wounded at least five others (five per Click Orlando; six per NPR's correction and ABC News).","causal_attribution":"The deaths and injuries were caused by the shooting. The record does not attribute them to ChatGPT; see c3 to c13 for the contested AI connection."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'was charged with two counts of first-degree murder and seven counts of attempted murder. He has pleaded not guilty.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'is facing multiple charges of murder and attempted murder for the April 2025 shooting near the student union on FSU's Tallahassee campus, where he was a student at the time.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Phoenix Ikner, an FSU student at the time, is accused of the shooting and charged with two counts of first-degree murder and seven counts of attempted murder, and has pleaded not guilty.","causal_attribution":"These are criminal charges; guilt has not been determined."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Through a public records request to the state attorney's office, News 6 obtained the thousands of conversations Ikner had with ChatGPT over the course of a year.'; '\"How do police investigate suicides?\"'; 'He then asks about the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting and the 1999 mass shooting at Columbine High School.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"ChatGPT transcripts released in court documents, which News 6 obtained from the state attorney's office, show Ikner conversing with ChatGPT over about a year, including questions about suicide and about terrorism and earlier mass shootings.","causal_attribution":"Describes the content of the conversations as reported from the transcripts; it does not establish that the conversations caused the shooting."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Then, in April, Ikner asks ChatGPT how the country would react to a shooting at FSU.'; 'Yes, a shooting at Florida State University involving three of more victims would almost certainly receive national media coverage'; 'After that, Ikner asks questions on 12-gauge shotguns, and Glocks, and how the safety buttons work.'; 'What time is it busiest in the FSU student union?'; 'Ikner asks, \"What about 3 plus at FSU?\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Court documents show that the suspected gunman Ikner communicated extensively with ChatGPT in the days, hours and minutes leading up to the tragic shooting, including asking about the busiest times at FSU'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"In April 2025 Ikner asked ChatGPT how the country would react to a shooting at FSU and asked \"What about 3 plus at FSU?\", and ChatGPT replied that such a shooting 'would almost certainly receive national media coverage'; Ikner then asked about 12-gauge shotguns, Glocks and how the safety buttons work, and what time the FSU student union is busiest.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the same court-record transcripts (one record chain, so reported). The questions and answers are evidence in the criminal case; whether the answers contributed to the attack is disputed (c8, c9)."},{"id":"c13","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to more than 13,000 messages reviewed and previously reported by the Phoenix'; 'Ikner's final request came three minutes before the shooting.'; 'What button is the safety off for the Remington 12 gauge?'; 'The AI provided detailed instructions.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s11"}],"assertion":"According to the Florida Phoenix's review of more than 13,000 messages, Ikner's final request to ChatGPT came three minutes before the shooting and asked which button turns the safety off on a Remington 12-gauge, and the AI provided detailed instructions.","causal_attribution":"Reported from the court-record transcripts (same chain as c4). It shows the timing and content of the exchange, not that the answer caused the shooting."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'At times, ChatGPT tells Ikner that it can't diagnose him, then explains clinical information on depression symptoms and suggests he speak to a counselor. It then suggests that if he needs immediate help to reach out to a crisis hotline, though it doesn't provide a number.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"When Ikner asked about mental health, ChatGPT at times explained depression symptoms, suggested speaking to a counselor and suggested a crisis hotline without giving a number.","causal_attribution":"Describes reported ChatGPT replies. OpenAI's motion, as WCTV reports it, says ChatGPT also referred Ikner to the 988 line (c9)."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'According to court filings, more than 200 AI messages have been entered into evidence in the case.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to court filings reported by NPR, more than 200 AI messages have been entered into evidence in the criminal case.","causal_attribution":"Establishes the reported evidentiary use of the messages, not their effect."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'consulted ChatGPT for advice before the shooting, including what type of gun to use, what ammunition went with it, and what time to go to campus to encounter more people, according to an initial review of Ikner's chat logs.'; 'issuing subpoenas to OpenAI seeking information about its policies and internal training materials'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'launched a criminal investigation into OpenAI and ChatGPT after prosecutors reviewed the chat logs.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 21 April 2026 Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier announced a criminal investigation of OpenAI over the shooting, said an initial review of the chat logs showed Ikner consulted ChatGPT on the gun, ammunition and timing, and issued subpoenas for OpenAI policies and training materials dating back to March 2024.","causal_attribution":"The Attorney General's characterisation of the chat logs is an official allegation; no charge against OpenAI is reported."},{"id":"c8","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'JOSHI v. OPENAI FOUNDATION, 4:26-cv-00222, (N.D. Fla.) Date Filed: May 10, 2026'; 'SUMMONS ISSUED-PHOENIX IKNER'; 'by VANDANA JOSHI'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'MALL v. OPENAI FOUNDATION, 4:26-cv-00334, (N.D. Fla.) Date Filed: July 14, 2026'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'ASKINS v. OPENAI FOUNDATION, 4:26-cv-00335, (N.D. Fla.) Date Filed: July 14, 2026'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'GOURLEY v. OPENAI FOUNDATION, 4:26-cv-00416, (N.D. Fla.) Date Filed: Aug. 26, 2026'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'MORALES v. OPENAI FOUNDATION, 4:26-cv-00425, (N.D. Fla.) Date Filed: Aug. 31, 2026'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"},{"locator":"'Attorneys representing the family of Florida State University shooting victim Tiru Chabba have filed a federal lawsuit against OpenAI'; 'The complaint, which was filed on Sunday in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida, also names the shooting suspect, Phoenix Ikner, as a defendant.'","relation":"context","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Vandana Joshi sued the OpenAI Foundation and Phoenix Ikner in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida on 10 May 2026 (Joshi v. OpenAI Foundation, 4:26-cv-00222), the suit ABC News reports as brought by the family of Tiru Chabba. Further suits against OpenAI Foundation were filed in the same court by Elizabeth Mall and Madison Askins on 14 July 2026, Reese Gourley on 26 August 2026 and Betty Morales on 31 August 2026.","causal_attribution":"The dockets establish that the suits exist and when they were filed. The plaintiffs' allegations that ChatGPT helped plan the attack are allegations; the Chabba family's attorney told ABC News Ikner used ChatGPT 'as his co-conspirator'. The Mall docket records a notice of related cases and the same discovery-consolidation order entered in Joshi; the connection of the later suits to the shooting rests on the press accounts listed in additional_sources, not on these docket headers."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'we identified an account believed to be associated with the suspect and proactively shared this information with law enforcement.'; 'ChatGPT provided factual responses to questions with information that could be found broadly across public sources on the internet, and it did not encourage or promote illegal or harmful activity.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'ChatGPT is not responsible for this terrible crime.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"OpenAI's position is that ChatGPT is not responsible for the crime and provided factual responses with publicly available information, and that after the shooting it identified an account believed to be associated with the suspect and shared it with law enforcement.","causal_attribution":"OpenAI disputes that ChatGPT caused or contributed to the shooting."},{"id":"c10","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'ORDER DIRECTING PARTIES TO CONFER REGARDING CONSOLIDATING DISCOVERY. The parties' joint reports are due on or before 9/29/2026.'; 'MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by AESTAS LLC'; 'Exhibit 1 - Chat Logs'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'24 Sep 22, 2026 ORDER DIRECTING PARTIES TO CONFER REGARDING CONSOLIDATING DISCOVERY.'; 'The parties shall file their proposed consolidated discovery schedule on or before Friday, 10/2/2026.'","relation":"context","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"On 22 September 2026 the court in Joshi ordered the parties to confer about consolidating discovery, with joint reports due by 29 September 2026; on 25 September 2026 the OpenAI defendants moved to dismiss the suit for failure to state a claim, attaching a declaration and exhibits including chat logs.","causal_attribution":"The docket establishes that the order and the motion were filed; the court has not ruled on the motion."},{"id":"c11","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'At no point did Ikner tell ChatGPT that he was planning or intended to commit a shooting'; 'referred him to the 988 crisis line'; 'it had no legal duty to warn about or prevent Ikner'; 'holding it liable would violate free speech rights'; 'responses were consistently factual'; 'repeatedly encouraged him to'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to WCTV's account of the motion to dismiss, OpenAI argues that Ikner never told ChatGPT of a plan to commit a shooting, that ChatGPT's responses were consistently factual, that it encouraged Ikner to talk to someone and referred Ikner to the 988 crisis line when depression came up, that it had no legal duty to warn or prevent the crime, and that liability would violate free-speech rights.","causal_attribution":"These are OpenAI's litigation arguments as reported by WCTV; they dispute the plaintiffs' allegations and are not findings."},{"id":"c12","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'His trial is set to begin on Oct. 19.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'He is expected to stand trial on June 8, 2027, and could face the death penalty if convicted.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Ikner's criminal trial date has moved: NPR reported in April 2026 that the trial was set to begin on 19 October, and WCTV reported on 28 September 2026 that Ikner is expected to stand trial on 8 June 2027 and could face the death penalty if convicted.","causal_attribution":"Procedural status only. The June 2027 date is WCTV's report and was not confirmed from a Leon County court record."}],"effects":[{"label":"two people were killed and at least five wounded in the shooting near the FSU student union","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.npr.org/2026/04/21/nx-s1-5793967/florida-openai-investigation-mass-shooting-fsu","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"NPR, 21 April 2026 (corrected 7 May 2026). Body retained from the 2026-09-24 live read (html lang=en) and re-read for this review. Reports the Attorney General's press conference and OpenAI's statement to NPR.","independence_group":"npr"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.clickorlando.com/news/investigators/2026/04/09/fsu-shooting-suspect-used-chatgpt-to-help-plan-fatal-attack-court-records-show/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"WKMG News 6 (Click Orlando), 9 April 2026. Body retained from the 2026-09-24 live read and re-read. Quotes ChatGPT transcripts News 6 obtained from the state attorney's office by public-records request; NOPE did not inspect the transcripts.","independence_group":"state-attorney-transcripts"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://abcnews.com/US/family-fsu-shooting-victim-files-lawsuit-alleging-chatgpt/story?id=132845521","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"ABC News, 11 May 2026 (byline Deena Zaru). Read live on 2026-10-03 (HTTP 200) and re-read. Carries the plaintiffs' attorney's statements and OpenAI's statement to ABC.","independence_group":"abc-news"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.wctv.tv/2026/09/28/openai-seeks-dismissal-lawsuit-linking-chatgpt-fsu-campus-shooting-citing-free-speech/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"WCTV (Tallahassee), 28 September 2026. Read live on 2026-10-03 (HTTP 200) and re-read. Its account of the motion to dismiss quotes the motion, which WCTV calls the complaint or the lawsuit in places; NOPE did not read the motion itself.","independence_group":"wctv"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/73320881/joshi-v-openai-foundation/","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener RECAP docket for Joshi v. OpenAI Foundation, 4:26-cv-00222 (N.D. Fla.), read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200; also the RECAP search API, HTTP 200). Docket entry text only; the motion and order PDFs were not read.","independence_group":"court-record-joshi"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/73614528/mall-v-openai-foundation/","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener RECAP docket for Mall v. OpenAI Foundation, 4:26-cv-00334 (N.D. Fla.), read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Docket entry text only; entries through 30 Sep 2026 read.","independence_group":"court-record-mall"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/73615017/askins-v-openai-foundation/","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener RECAP docket for Askins v. OpenAI Foundation, 4:26-cv-00335 (N.D. Fla.), read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Docket header only.","independence_group":"court-record-askins"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74707084/gourley-v-openai-foundation/","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener RECAP docket for Gourley v. OpenAI Foundation, 4:26-cv-00416 (N.D. Fla.), read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Docket header only.","independence_group":"court-record-gourley"},{"id":"s9","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74722578/morales-v-openai-foundation/","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener RECAP docket for Morales v. OpenAI Foundation, 4:26-cv-00425 (N.D. Fla.), read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Docket header only.","independence_group":"court-record-morales"},{"id":"s10","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74806746/grant-v-openai-inc/","kind":"court_record","access":"unavailable","language":null,"translation_note":"CourtListener docket for Grant v. OpenAI Inc., 4:26-cv-00459 (N.D. Fla.). Returned HTTP 202 with an empty body twice on 2026-10-04; the removal facts in the narrative are carried forward from the 2026-09-17 review and were not re-inspected here.","independence_group":"court-record-grant"},{"id":"s11","url":"https://www.wlrn.org/government-politics/2026-04-21/uthmeier-investigating-whether-chatgpt-is-criminally-liable-for-fsu-shooting","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"WLRN, 21 April 2026, by Liv Caputo of the Florida Phoenix (States Newsroom), read live on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Its chat-log passages relay the Florida Phoenix's own review of more than 13,000 messages from the court records, so they share the court-record transcript chain with Click Orlando and WCTV.","independence_group":"state-attorney-transcripts"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","others_use"],"contexts":["education","justice","health"],"unknowns":["Whether ChatGPT's answers contributed to the attack is contested and undetermined; no court has ruled on the civil claims and the criminal trial has not taken place.","The total number of messages is reported differently: the Florida Phoenix reviewed more than 13,000 messages, and the Chabba family's attorney told ABC News of 16,000 'disturbing chats'. Neither figure was established from a court record in this review.","The Leon County criminal docket was not inspected; the June 8, 2027 trial date rests on WCTV's report.","The motion to dismiss, the discovery order and the complaints were read only as docket entries or through press accounts, not as documents.","The Grant removal docket and the other retained press sources (AP, CNN, NBC News, WJHG, Tallahassee Reports, Florida Phoenix, WTXL, WCTV August 2026, Tallahassee Democrat via Yahoo) were not re-inspected in this review; the narrative's account of those suits is carried forward from earlier reviews.","Whether OpenAI's systems flagged Ikner's account before the shooting is not reported."],"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-24 metadata review and re-checked: NPR and Click Orlando place the shooting at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida, where those killed and wounded were. The criminal case is in Florida, and the civil suits are in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (CourtListener dockets). The victims' countries of residence are recorded from the location of the shooting; WCTV describes Chabba as a South Carolina father.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Two deaths and the injuries are reported by NPR, Click Orlando and ABC News. Ikner's ChatGPT use is reported from court-record transcripts and acknowledged by OpenAI's account identification. Civil suits and the September 2026 motion to dismiss are documented on CourtListener dockets. The AI connection is alleged by the Attorney General and plaintiffs and disputed by OpenAI; causation is not established.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"ChatGPT transcripts obtained by News 6 from the state attorney's office through a public-records request show the accused, Ikner, asking ChatGPT about a shooting at FSU, firearm safety mechanisms and the busiest time at the student union; NPR reports more than 200 AI messages entered into evidence, and OpenAI says it identified an account believed to be associated with the suspect. The killed and wounded are third parties harmed by Ikner's use. Whether ChatGPT contributed to the attack is contested: the plaintiffs and Florida's Attorney General allege it did, and OpenAI says ChatGPT gave factual, publicly available information and is not responsible.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now supported by inspected bodies. NPR and Click Orlando place the shooting near the student union of Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida, on 17 April 2025, where the two people killed and those wounded were; the criminal case is in Florida and the civil suits in the Northern District of Florida and Leon County (retained row). This is a metadata review and does not verify the account of AI involvement.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"at Florida State University in Tallahassee","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"N.D. Fla.","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'Police investigate the scene of a shooting near the student union at Florida State University on April 17, 2025 in Tallahassee, Florida. Two people were killed and six injured in the attack.'","location":"https://www.npr.org/2026/04/21/nx-s1-5793967/florida-openai-investigation-mass-shooting-fsu","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the mass shooting at Florida State University in Tallahassee on April 17, 2025, and the deaths of two people, with five others injured.'","location":"https://www.clickorlando.com/news/investigators/2026/04/09/fsu-shooting-suspect-used-chatgpt-to-help-plan-fatal-attack-court-records-show/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'the April 2025 shooting near the student union on FSU's Tallahassee campus'","location":"https://www.npr.org/2026/04/21/nx-s1-5793967/florida-openai-investigation-mass-shooting-fsu","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The 18 additional sources cited by the retained row (AP, WLRN, CNN, NBC, WJHG, Tallahassee Reports, Florida Phoenix, WTXL, WCTV, the Tallahassee Democrat via Yahoo and five CourtListener dockets) were not re-inspected in this pass; an AP Wayback capture was fetched but not reviewed. Their languages remain unreviewed.","The victims' countries of residence are recorded from the location of the shooting; no source states their residence separately."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-24","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.npr.org/2026/04/21/nx-s1-5793967/florida-openai-investigation-mass-shooting-fsu","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (NPR, 21 April 2026; html lang=en). Reports the Florida Attorney General's criminal investigation of OpenAI, the shooting near the FSU student union in Tallahassee on 17 April 2025 (two killed, six wounded per NPR's correction), the accused's ChatGPT queries per the AG's review of chat logs, OpenAI's statement and the trial date of 19 October.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.clickorlando.com/news/investigators/2026/04/09/fsu-shooting-suspect-used-chatgpt-to-help-plan-fatal-attack-court-records-show/","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (WKMG News 6, 9 April 2026; html lang=en). Investigation based on ChatGPT transcripts obtained by public records request; places the shooting at FSU in Tallahassee on 17 April 2025 and describes the questions the accused put to the chatbot.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Florida State University Shooting (Phoenix Ikner's ChatGPT Questions Before the Attack)","summary":"On April 17, 2025, a shooting near the student union at Florida State University in Tallahassee killed two people and wounded at least five others. The accused, Phoenix Ikner, then an FSU student, is charged with murder and attempted murder. ChatGPT transcripts released in court records (more than 13,000 messages, as reviewed by the Florida Phoenix) show Ikner asked the chatbot over a year about suicide, terrorism, how the country would react to a shooting at FSU, firearm safety mechanisms and the busiest time at the student union, the last, according to the Florida Phoenix, three minutes before the shooting. Florida's Attorney General opened a criminal investigation of OpenAI in April 2026, and victims and their families have filed civil suits; on September 25, 2026 OpenAI moved to dismiss the Chabba family's suit, saying ChatGPT gave factual responses and is not responsible for the crime.","incidentDate":"2025-04-17","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-04-09","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["third_party_harm_facilitation","crisis_response","method_provision"],"harmOutcomes":["death","physical_injury","harm_to_others","legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A shooting at Florida State University on 17 April 2025 killed two people and wounded at least five; the accused, Phoenix Ikner, has pleaded not guilty. ChatGPT transcripts released in court records, as reported by Click Orlando and the Florida Phoenix, include firearm and student-union timing questions in the hours and minutes before the attack.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P1d","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":7,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people were killed and at least five wounded in the shooting (Click Orlando reports five injured; NPR's 7 May 2026 correction and ABC News report six). The lower reported injury count is used. The participant count of one is the accused, Ikner, who used ChatGPT and has been charged with two counts of first-degree murder and seven counts of attempted murder (ABC News); the legal_harm outcome refers to him.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-FL","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2026/04/21/nx-s1-5793967/florida-openai-investigation-mass-shooting-fsu","primarySourceLabel":"NPR — Florida AG opens OpenAI investigation over FSU shooting","firstPublishedAt":"2026-04-28T13:00:04.410579+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T03:21:55.18827+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["criminal-investigation","lawsuit","shooting","mass-violence","chatgpt","openai","fsu","florida","us","regulatory"]},{"id":"2025-gavalas-v-google-gemini","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"death","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Introduction, paragraph 6; paragraph 23; paragraphs 77–87.","relation":"supports","source_id":"complaint"}],"assertion":"The family complaint reports a Florida Gemini user’s death by suicide on 2 October 2025.","causal_attribution":"This evidence does not establish that AI caused the death."},{"id":"interaction","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Introduction, paragraphs 1–6; paragraphs 77–82.","relation":"supports","source_id":"complaint"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that Gemini sustained a romantic and conspiratorial narrative and encouraged the user toward death.","causal_attribution":"This evidence does not establish that AI caused the death."},{"id":"response","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Final two paragraphs of the 4 March response.","relation":"supports","source_id":"google"}],"assertion":"Google says Gemini repeatedly clarified that it was AI and referred the user to a crisis hotline.","causal_attribution":"Documents Google’s response, not an independent finding that the safeguards were sufficient."},{"id":"filing","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"File stamp and court caption on page 1.","relation":"supports","source_id":"complaint"}],"assertion":"A wrongful-death complaint was filed against Google and Alphabet in federal court in California on 4 March 2026.","causal_attribution":"Filing is established; the alleged mechanism is not adjudicated."}],"effects":[{"label":"The family complaint reports a Florida Gemini user’s death by suicide on 2 October 2025.","claim_id":"death","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"complaint","url":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/gavalas-google-chatbot-lawsuit.pdf","kind":"civil_complaint","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Court caption, introduction, paragraphs 23–25 and 77–87 inspected; the remainder was searched for relevant dates and locations, not read in full.","independence_group":"gavalas_family"},{"id":"google","url":"https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/public-policy/gavalas-lawsuit-response/","kind":"company_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Full company response inspected.","independence_group":"google_response"},{"id":"report","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/03/04/father-sues-google-claiming-gemini-chatbot-drove-son-into-fatal-delusion/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Full article body inspected; bottom promotional and related-story material excluded. Allegations derive from the complaint.","independence_group":"gavalas_family"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","relationships"],"unknowns":["The complete conversation history and an independent clinical assessment were not inspected.","Google’s response confirms interaction but is not independent verification of every allegation about the death.","The complaint’s predictions of harm to other people do not establish additional harmed people."],"geography":{"basis":"Complaint paragraph 23 gives Jupiter, Florida residence; the introduction and paragraphs 77–82 describe activity in Florida and at home. The filed caption names the Northern District of California.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"The inspected sources describe a concrete adverse event and the specific chatbot interaction at issue. The account preserves attribution and separates the reported AI connection from a finding of causation.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-05"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint quotes personalised Gemini exchanges and alleges escalation toward dangerous acts and suicide. Google acknowledges this user’s interactions while pointing to AI disclaimers and hotline referrals. These accounts support involvement; they disagree about the adequacy of the response and do not establish causation.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now supported by inspected source bodies and the complaint. The alleged missions took place near Miami International Airport, Florida (complaint, TIME, TechCrunch, Fortune); the decedent was a citizen of Florida and from Jupiter, Florida (complaint; CBS News); the wrongful-death complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, case 5:26-cv-1849 (complaint caption; CBS News). Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship history. This is a metadata review and does not verify the allegations.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"near Miami International Airport","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"U.S. District Court, Northern District of California","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT'; 'NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA'; 'Case No.: 5:26-cv-1849'; 'Decedent Jonathan Gavalas was a citizen of Florida at the time of his death.'","location":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/gavalas-google-chatbot-lawsuit.pdf","supports":["court_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'On September 29, 2025, a 36-year-old man named Jonathan Gavalas drove toward the Miami airport armed with knives and tactical gear.'","location":"https://time.com/7382406/gemini-suicide-lawsuit-death/","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'directed the 36-year-old from Jupiter, Florida, to kill himself in October 2025'; 'according to the complaint filed Wednesday in the Northern District of California where Google is headquartered'","location":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jonathan-gavalas-google-ai-chatbot-gemini-suicide-lawsuit/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries","court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'found Jonathan’s body on the floor of his living room, covered in blood.'","location":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/gavalas-google-chatbot-lawsuit.pdf","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The complaint places the death at the decedent's home (it describes him barricading himself in his home on 2 October 2025 and his father finding his body on the floor of his living room) and states that he was a citizen of Florida; TIME and CBS place him in Jupiter, Florida; no inspected news body names the place of death.","Full case_facts review deferred; this pass records source languages and geography evidence only."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-22","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/04/google-gemini-ai-told-user-stage-mass-casualty-attack-suit-claims.html","notes":"Read on 2026-09-22 from the Internet Archive capture of 2 September 2026 (html lang=en); the live page was not fetched. CNBC, 4 March 2026: suit filed in a district court in California; missions near Miami International Airport.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://time.com/7382406/gemini-suicide-lawsuit-death/","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-22 (html lang=en). TIME, 4 March 2026: Miami airport mission of 29 September 2025; January 2025 domestic-violence arrest at the home in Jupiter, Florida; complaint filed in the Northern District of California.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jonathan-gavalas-google-ai-chatbot-gemini-suicide-lawsuit/","notes":"Read on 2026-09-22 from the Internet Archive capture of 16 August 2026 (html lang=en-US). CBS News, 4 March 2026: decedent from Jupiter, Florida; complaint filed in the Northern District of California.","access":"read","language":"en-US"},{"url":"https://fortune.com/2026/03/05/googles-ai-chatbot-man-mass-casualty-event-lawsuit/","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-22 (html lang=en). Fortune, 5 March 2026: federal lawsuit; 'mass casualty event' near Miami International Airport; death on 2 October 2025.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/03/04/father-sues-google-claiming-gemini-chatbot-drove-son-into-fatal-delusion/","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-22 (html lang=en-US). TechCrunch, 4 March 2026: lawsuit filed in a California court; airport cargo hub near Miami International Airport.","access":"read","language":"en-US"},{"url":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/gavalas-google-chatbot-lawsuit.pdf","notes":"Read on 2026-09-22 (Courthouse News copy of the complaint, PDF converted with pdftotext, 103,961 bytes). Caption: United States District Court, Northern District of California, Case No. 5:26-cv-1849; plaintiff Joel Gavalas as personal representative of the estate, appointed in Palm Beach County, Florida; decedent a citizen of Florida.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Family alleges Gemini reinforced delusions before a man’s suicide","summary":"A Florida man died by suicide on 2 October 2025. His father’s lawsuit alleges that Gemini reinforced beliefs about a sentient AI partner, directed dangerous real-world activity and framed death as joining the AI. Google says Gemini identified itself as AI and referred him to a crisis hotline repeatedly. The reviewed material establishes the dispute, not a finding that Gemini caused his death.","incidentDate":"2025-10-02","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-03-04","aiSystem":"Gemini; the complaint identifies Gemini 2.5 Pro","aiProduct":"Gemini","aiCompany":"Google LLC / Alphabet Inc.","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["death","psychiatric_deterioration"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Florida man died by suicide on 2 October 2025. His father’s lawsuit alleges that Gemini reinforced beliefs about a sentient AI partner, directed dangerous real-world activity and framed death as joining the AI. Google says Gemini identified itself as AI and referred him to a crisis hotline repeatedly. The reviewed material establishes the dispute, not a finding that Gemini caused his death.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"both","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Counts the one deceased participant described in the cited sources. This is a conservative minimum, not a complete count of relatives affected or a finding that AI caused the death.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-FL","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/gavalas-google-chatbot-lawsuit.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Gavalas complaint — 4 March 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-03-09T05:43:01.21564+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T12:33:37.723318+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["lawsuit","adult","suicide","gemini","google","delusion","voice-mode","us"]},{"id":"2025-enneking-v-openai","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"death","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Paragraphs 1 and 43–46.","relation":"supports","source_id":"complaint"}],"assertion":"The complaint reports a Florida user’s death by suicide on 4 August 2025.","causal_attribution":"This source does not establish that AI caused the death."},{"id":"interaction","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Paragraphs 23–34 and 35–46.","relation":"supports","source_id":"complaint"}],"assertion":"The family alleges that ChatGPT reinforced suicidal thinking and misleading expectations of intervention.","causal_attribution":"This source does not establish that AI caused the death."},{"id":"context","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Paragraphs 23 and 38.","relation":"supports","source_id":"complaint"}],"assertion":"The complaint also records earlier encouragement to seek support and a later refusal to assist with planning.","causal_attribution":"This source does not establish that AI caused the death."},{"id":"filing","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Dated announcement and Enneking entry in the case list.","relation":"supports","source_id":"release"}],"assertion":"Counsel announced the family’s California lawsuit on 6 November 2025.","causal_attribution":"Documents the legal response, not the truth of the complaint’s allegations."}],"effects":[{"label":"The complaint reports a Florida user’s death by suicide on 4 August 2025.","claim_id":"death","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"complaint","url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-J.-Enneking-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","kind":"civil_complaint","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Caption, introduction and factual paragraphs 1–46 inspected. Later general product allegations not reviewed in full.","independence_group":"enneking_family"},{"id":"release","url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/2025/11/06/social-media-victims-law-center-and-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","kind":"counsel_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"English; no translation. Counsel announcement and case list inspected. A party statement shares the complaint’s source chain.","independence_group":"enneking_family"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","relationships"],"unknowns":["The complete conversation record and an independent assessment of causation were not inspected.","The complaint dates the death to 4 August, while describing messages and a call on 3 August. These are distinct chronology points.","Counsel’s release and the complaint are one family allegation chain."],"geography":{"basis":"Complaint paragraph 1 places the death in Florida; its caption names a California court.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"The inspected evidence describes a concrete adverse event and case-specific chatbot interactions. Allegations, source dependence and limits on causal inference remain explicit.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-05"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint describes personalised crisis exchanges and alleges that validation, harmful information and misleading escalation assurances contributed to the user’s deterioration. It also records protective responses.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Complaint paragraph 1 places the death in Florida; its caption names a California court.","evidence":[{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Complaint paragraph 1 places the death in Florida; its caption names a California court.","location":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-J.-Enneking-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Complaint paragraph 1 places the death in Florida; its caption names a California court.","location":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-J.-Enneking-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"Complaint paragraph 1 places the death in Florida; its caption names a California court.","location":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-J.-Enneking-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":[],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-05","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-J.-Enneking-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","notes":"English; no translation. Caption, introduction and factual paragraphs 1–46 inspected. Later general product allegations not reviewed in full.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://techjusticelaw.org/2025/11/06/social-media-victims-law-center-and-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","notes":"English; no translation. Counsel announcement and case list inspected. A party statement shares the complaint’s source chain.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Family alleges ChatGPT reinforced a man’s suicidal crisis before his death","summary":"A Florida man died by suicide on 4 August 2025, according to his family’s amended complaint. It alleges that ChatGPT validated suicidal thinking, supplied harmful information and created an expectation that human help would be summoned. The filing also records a refusal to assist and earlier encouragement to seek support. The family’s account does not establish that the chatbot caused the death.","incidentDate":"2025-08-04","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-11-06","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, including GPT-4o, as identified in the family complaint","aiProduct":"ChatGPT (reported)","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["death"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Florida man died by suicide on 4 August 2025, according to his family’s amended complaint. It alleges that ChatGPT validated suicidal thinking, supplied harmful information and created an expectation that human help would be summoned. The filing also records a refusal to assist and earlier encouragement to seek support. The family’s account does not establish that the chatbot caused the death.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Counts the deceased chatbot user described in the cited account. No additional relatives or intended targets are counted. This minimum does not establish AI causation.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-FL","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-J.-Enneking-AMENDED-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Enneking amended complaint — counsel’s copy","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T12:52:02.851093+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T14:55:27.484056+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatbot"]}]}