{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-27T07:10:49.485Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"financial_loss","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"lawsuit","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":8,"coverage":{"cases":8,"countries":4,"languages":5,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":8,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":4,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":2,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":2},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-brasilia-labour-court-orders-ifood-to-compensate-delivery-worker-banned-after-its-face-check-flagged-his-own-photos","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'O aplicativo do iFood exige que, todos os dias, os entregadores enviem uma foto como reconhecimento facial, antes das entregas ou durante o trabalho. O objetivo é evitar fraudes e invasão à conta.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The iFood courier app requires delivery workers to send a photo for facial recognition every day, before deliveries or during work, to prevent fraud and account takeover.","causal_attribution":"Description of the system; no causal claim."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'O caso ocorreu em 30 de abril de 2024' ... 'apareceu a mensagem dizendo que eu estava banido da plataforma por descumprir as normas' ... 'o motivo do banimento foi por conta de que outra pessoa tentou acessar inúmeras vezes o aplicativo e isso é proibido' ... 'era eu na foto'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Pedi que enviassem a foto de quem estava tentando acessar. E para minha surpresa, a pessoa na foto era eu.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The worker says that on 30 April 2024, after completing the facial check, he received a message that he was banned for breaking the rules; iFood later said another person had repeatedly tried to access the account, and the photo it showed was of him.","causal_attribution":"The worker's account (one witness, interviewed by two outlets); accepted as true by the court by default."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'me tiraram uma renda bem significativa, contava com esse dinheiro toda semana pra pagar minhas contas'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The worker says the ban took away a significant income he relied on every week to pay his bills.","causal_attribution":"The worker's account of the consequence."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'condenou o iFood a pagar R$ 60 mil como indenização por danos morais' ... 'reconheço como verdadeiros: a suspensão do contrato de trabalho por culpa exclusiva da Reclamada; os prejuízos financeiros e psicológicos sofridos pelo Reclamante em razão da impossibilidade de laborar em favor da Reclamada; e a falha racista na ferramenta utilizada para reconhecimento facial' ... 'o iFood não cumpriu o prazo para apresentar a defesa'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'O iFood não apresentou defesa, segundo o magistrado.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A Brasília labour judge ordered iFood to pay R$60,000 in moral damages, applying a default because iFood did not file a defence in time, and recognised as true the suspension of the contract through iFood's fault, the worker's financial and psychological losses and a racist failure in the facial recognition tool.","causal_attribution":"First-instance judgment as quoted by two outlets (one underlying document); findings rest on a procedural default and are under appeal."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'O iFood afirmou não existe análise de características raciais no procedimento de reconhecimento facial.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A empresa já apresentou recurso contra a sentença.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"iFood says there is no analysis of racial characteristics in its facial recognition procedure, and it has appealed the judgment.","causal_attribution":"iFood's statement and the appeal; contrary evidence on the racial-bias finding."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'voltou a trabalhar com entrega pelo app'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"iFood restored the account during the case, and the worker returned to delivering through the app.","causal_attribution":"Outcome for the worker before judgment."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Em ambas as fotos está a mesma pessoa: o reclamante (entregador)' ... 'o entregador trabalhava havia três anos para o iFood quando foi bloqueado na plataforma por suposto acesso de outra pessoa na conta'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The worker's lawyer argued that both photos iFood cited show the same person, the worker, and that he had worked for iFood for about three years when he was blocked over the supposed access by another person.","causal_attribution":"The worker's pleading as reported by Estadão."}],"effects":[{"label":"delivery worker banned from the app and lost income after its face check flagged his own photos (worker's account; court ruling by default)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://g1.globo.com/df/distrito-federal/noticia/2025/06/30/justica-condena-ifood-a-indenizar-entregador-do-df-por-danos-morais-apos-falha-racista-em-reconhecimento-facial-entenda.ghtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. G1 report by TV Globo Brasília, read in full.","independence_group":"g1-tvglobo-brasilia"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.estadao.com.br/politica/coluna-do-estadao/justica-condena-ifood-a-indenizar-entregador-por-falha-racista-em-reconhecimento-facial/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Estadão column report, read in full; it gives the court as the 8th Labour Court, where G1 gives the 22nd.","independence_group":"estadao-coluna"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.terra.com.br/nos/ifood-e-condenado-a-indenizar-entregador-por-falha-racista-em-reconhecimento-facial-no-app,8954fd59fdcfb407081f434e12593ba4gonqqml2.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-27 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Terra report based on its own interview with the worker, read in full.","independence_group":"terra-nos"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["Whether any person reviewed the facial check result before the ban, or whether the ban was fully automated.","How long the account stayed blocked before iFood restored it.","Which company supplies the facial recognition technology.","Which Brasília labour court heard the case (G1 says the 22nd, Estadão the 8th).","How the appeal ends."],"geography":{"basis":"G1 describes the worker as a delivery worker of the Federal District (DF) and the ban happened while he was making deliveries there, so the event and the affected person are in Brazil; the case was heard by a labour court in Brasília.","court_countries":["BR"],"event_countries":["BR"],"affected_person_countries":["BR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a contextual case (made_decision_about): a delivery worker says the iFood app's facial recognition check flagged his own photos as another person and the platform banned him, costing income; a Brasília labour court, ruling by default, recognised a racist failure in the facial recognition tool and awarded R$60,000. iFood denies racial analysis and has appealed. No private name appears in the public record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The iFood app runs a daily facial recognition check on delivery workers' photos (G1). The worker says that after he completed it the platform banned him, iFood support said another person had tried to access his account, and the photos it showed as that person were his own (Terra, G1); his lawyer's case was that both photos show the same person (Estadão). The labour judge, applying a default because iFood filed no defence, recognised as true a racist failure in the tool used for facial recognition (G1, Estadão). The connection between the system's output and the ban is the worker's account, accepted by default; iFood denies racial analysis but no source reports it disputing the ban sequence. Whether a person reviewed the result before the ban is not stated.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about"]},"name":"Brasília labour court orders iFood to pay delivery worker who says its face check flagged his own photos as another person and got him banned; iFood appeals","summary":"A delivery worker in Brazil's Federal District who had worked for the iFood app for about three years says he was banned from the platform in April 2024 shortly after completing the app's daily facial recognition check. iFood support told him another person had tried to access his account; when he asked to see that person's photos, they were his own. G1 reports that the only difference from his registration photo was his hair, which he was growing out. In a judgment reported in June 2025, a Brasília labour judge, applying a default because iFood had not filed a defence in time, accepted as true that the contract was suspended through iFood's fault, that he suffered financial and psychological losses, and that the facial recognition tool had a racist failure, and ordered iFood to pay R$60,000 in moral damages. iFood denies that its facial recognition procedure analyses racial characteristics and has appealed. The account was restored during the case. No appeal ruling has been reported.","incidentDate":"2024-04-30","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-06-11","aiSystem":"The facial recognition check in the iFood courier app, which requires delivery workers to submit a photo every day before or during deliveries to prevent fraud and account takeover; the provider of the underlying technology is not named","aiProduct":"iFood facial recognition check","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","professional_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A delivery worker says he was banned from the iFood app after its facial recognition check flagged his own photos as another person and lost income he relied on; a labour court, ruling by default, recognised his financial and psychological losses and awarded R$60,000. iFood denies racial analysis and has appealed.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One delivery worker, the plaintiff. No other affected person is described.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"BR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://g1.globo.com/df/distrito-federal/noticia/2025/06/30/justica-condena-ifood-a-indenizar-entregador-do-df-por-danos-morais-apos-falha-racista-em-reconhecimento-facial-entenda.ghtml","primarySourceLabel":"G1 / TV Globo Brasília, 30 Jun 2025: court orders iFood to compensate delivery worker over facial recognition failure (Portuguese)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-27T03:08:51.893173+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-27T03:08:51.893173+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["facial-recognition","identity-verification","gig-work","delivery-workers","account-ban","labour-court","brazil","made-decision-about"]},{"id":"2024-moscow-courts-reinstate-sewing-company-manager-dismissed-after-hours-were-cut-as-employer-introduced-ai","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'В середине 2024 года работодатель начал оптимизацию на предприятии: сократил расходы на производство, внедрил нейротехнологии и искусственный интеллект, уменьшил арендуемые площади.'; 'с июля у нее будет новый график работы — с 09:00 до 11:00, то есть восемь часов в неделю. Зарплату пропорционально уменьшили.'; 'Тогда работодатель уволил ее по пункту 7 части 1 статьи 77 ТК РФ'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The sewing company began cost-cutting in mid-2024 and introduced neural-network and AI technology, and told the manager that from July she would work 09:00 to 11:00, eight hours a week, with pay reduced in proportion; she refused and was dismissed for refusing to continue work after changes to her contract terms.","causal_attribution":"The article's account of the facts as the rulings record them."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'недавно начали внедрять на предприятии искусственный интеллект'; 'Многие задачи, которые раньше выполняли люди вручную, теперь делают программы.'; 'Перед увольнением она крайне плохо работала'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The employer said that since it began introducing AI many tasks previously done manually were done by programs, so the manager's full-time work was no longer needed; it also said she had worked badly.","causal_attribution":"The employer's position in court."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Мою должность планировали исключить из штатного расписания, а часть функций заменить программами и искусственным интеллектом.'; 'Из-за незаконного увольнения я осталась без денег, испытала стресс и переживания.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The manager said the change was a disguised redundancy, that her post was to be cut and part of its functions replaced by programs and AI, and that the dismissal left her without money and caused her stress.","causal_attribution":"The manager's position in court."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Дело № 2-1354/2025'; 'Работодатель и правда сокращал расходы на предприятии — это подтвердили в суде другие сотрудники. А работу менеджера планировали полностью заменить нейросетями.'; 'работодатель должен восстановить истицу на работе'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The district court (case 2-1354/2025) found that other employees confirmed the cost-cutting and that the manager's work was planned to be fully replaced by neural networks, held that refusal of part-time work had to be handled as a redundancy, and ordered reinstatement, back pay and moral damages.","causal_attribution":"The district court's findings as the article reports them; the ruling was not read."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Дело № 33-34099/2025'; 'Поэтому суд первой инстанции правильно признал приказ об увольнении незаконным и обязал работодателя восстановить сотрудницу на работе.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Moscow City Court (case 33-34099/2025) upheld the reinstatement and corrected the back-pay calculation.","causal_attribution":"The appellate outcome as the article reports it."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Завершено, 24.07.2025'; 'О восстановлении на работе в связи с увольнением по инициативе работодателя'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Moscow City Court's case portal lists civil appeal 33-34099/2025, in the category of reinstatement after dismissal at the employer's initiative, as concluded on 24 July 2025.","causal_attribution":"Court record of the appeal's existence, category and completion date; it says nothing about AI."}],"effects":[{"label":"hours and pay cut to two hours a day as the employer introduced AI, then dismissed on refusing; later reinstated by the courts","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://t-j.ru/ai-ai-ai/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Read in Russian on 2026-10-25 (full article by a lawyer, summarising the employee's and employer's positions and both rulings, with case numbers). Translation by the research agent, an AI.","independence_group":"t-zhurnal-ruling-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://mos-gorsud.ru/search?formType=fullForm&caseNumber=33-34099%2F2025","kind":"court_case_portal","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Read in Russian on 2026-10-25: the search-result entry for appeal 33-34099/2025 (status, date and case category). The case card and the rulings were not read. Translation by the research agent, an AI.","independence_group":"moscow-city-court-portal"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The dismissal date (after the July 2024 schedule change).","Which AI tools the company introduced and what they did.","The amounts of back pay and damages.","Whether the company later made her redundant lawfully."],"geography":{"basis":"The article describes her as a Moscow resident dismissed under article 77 of the Russian Labour Code, and the cases were heard by a Moscow district court and the Moscow City Court; the employer’s own location is not stated.","court_countries":["RU"],"event_countries":["RU"],"affected_person_countries":["RU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a consequential response to AI adoption: according to the article's account of the rulings, the employer cut a manager to two hours a day while introducing AI to take over her work and dismissed her when she refused, and two courts ordered her reinstatement. The appeal's existence, category and completion date are confirmed by the court portal.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-25"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the employer's response to its own adoption of AI: according to T-Zhurnal's account of the rulings, the company introduced neural-network and AI technology in 2024, said programs now did many of the manager's tasks, cut her to two hours a day and dismissed her when she refused; the district court found that her work was planned to be fully replaced by neural networks. No source describes an AI system's output toward her, and no system is named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Moscow: courts reinstate a sewing-company manager dismissed after refusing two-hour days that her employer tied to introducing AI, T-Zhurnal reports","summary":"T-Zhurnal (T-Bank's magazine) reported on 16 September 2026, in a lawyer's account of two court decisions, that the sewing company employing a Moscow resident as a full-time manager began cost-cutting in mid-2024 and introduced neural-network and AI technology, and told her that from July she would work 09:00 to 11:00, eight hours a week, with pay reduced in proportion. She refused and was dismissed for refusing to continue work after changes to her contract terms. The employer said that since it began introducing AI many of the manager's tasks were done by programs and full-time work was no longer needed, and that she had worked badly; she said the change was a disguised redundancy and that her post was to be cut and partly replaced by programs and AI. According to the article, the district court (case 2-1354/2025) found that other employees confirmed the cost-cutting and that the manager's work was planned to be fully replaced by neural networks, held that the refusal of part-time work had to be treated as a redundancy, and ordered her reinstatement with back pay and moral damages. The Moscow City Court (case 33-34099/2025) upheld the reinstatement and reduced the back-pay calculation; the court's case portal lists that appeal as concluded on 24 July 2025. The amounts are not given.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-09-16","aiSystem":"Neural-network and AI technology that the employer said it introduced in 2024 and that, per the article, was planned to take over the manager's work; no system is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI tools","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to T-Zhurnal's account of the rulings, the manager's hours and pay were cut to two hours a day as the employer introduced AI, and she was dismissed when she refused; she said the dismissal left her without money and caused her stress. The courts ordered her reinstatement with back pay and moral damages.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One manager dismissed and reinstated; she did not use the AI tools herself (employer's adoption).","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"RU","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://t-j.ru/ai-ai-ai/","primarySourceLabel":"T-Zhurnal, Было дело: как компания заменила женщину нейросетью, 16 September 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-25T03:12:44.024601+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-25T03:12:44.024601+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-replacement","dismissal","reinstatement","reduced-hours","labour-court","moscow"]},{"id":"2024-gelderland-sub-district-judge-used-chatgpt-to-estimate-solar-panel-damages-in-neighbour-dispute-and-rejected-claim","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Volgens hem is de verminderde opbrengst van de panelen van 77%'; 'Dat leidt volgens hem tot een totale schade van € 21.385,90'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The claimant sued his neighbour for about 21,000 euros, saying the neighbour's roof extension cut the yield of his solar panels by 77%.","causal_attribution":"The claimant's case as recorded in the judgment; documented as the content of his claim, not as a fact about the yield."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'De kantonrechter schat, mede met behulp van ChatGPT, de gemiddelde levensduur van zonnepanelen uit 2009 op 25 à 30 jaar'; 'Uitgaande, wederom mede aan de hand van ChatGPT, van een huidige gemiddelde kWh-prijs van € 0,30'; 'bedraagt het rendementsverlies, met een min of meer gelijkblijvende kWh-prijs, daarmee ongeveer € 2.250,--'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Bij de schadeberekening maakt de rechtbank ook gebruik van ChatGPT'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The judge estimated the panels' remaining lifespan and the average electricity price partly with the help of ChatGPT and put the yield loss at about 2,250 euros.","causal_attribution":"Stated by the court in its own judgment; the summary relays it. One origin (the judgment)."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'het maximaal te begroten bedrag aan schade zou hiermee (€ 2.250,-- + € 1.073,40 =) € 3.323,40 bedragen'; 'uiteindelijk aangeboden bedrag van'; 'Er is dus in deze procedure geen grond om'; 'heeft ook geen recht op € 3.300,-, nu hij het aanbod tot het betalen van dit bedrag heeft verworpen'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Rechtbank Gelderland oordeelt dat X geen recht heeft op een schadevergoeding in verband met de door Y geplaatste dakopbouw'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Because half of the maximum damage of 3,323.40 euros was below the neighbour's 3,300-euro offer, which the claimant had refused, the claim was rejected and he received nothing.","causal_attribution":"The court's reasoning linking the ChatGPT-assisted estimate to the rejection; documented by the judgment."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Redelijkerwijs – en ook weer mede aan de hand van ChatGPT – valt aan te nemen dat dit materiaal daardoor niet meer bruikbaar was'; 'wegens schadevergoeding te betalen'; '€ 2.619,02, vermeerderd met de wettelijke rente'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The judge also assumed, partly with ChatGPT, that insulation the claimant threw into water was unusable, and on the counterclaim ordered him to pay damages of 2,619.02 euros in total and the costs of the main claim.","causal_attribution":"Stated in the judgment; the ChatGPT-assisted assumption supports only the 204.66-euro insulation item within the total."}],"effects":[{"label":"damages claim rejected after a ChatGPT-assisted damage estimate","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://data.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraken/content?id=ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2024:3636","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-24 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Full text of the judgment of 7 June 2024 from the Rechtspraak open-data service (published 26 July 2024); HTTP 200, read in full.","independence_group":"rechtbank-gelderland-judgment-2024-3636"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.taxlive.nl/nl/documenten/vn-vandaag/rechter-gebruikt-chatgpt-bij-schadeberekening/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-24 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Taxlive V-N Vandaag summary of the same judgment, edition 12 August 2024; HTTP 200, read in full.","independence_group":"rechtbank-gelderland-judgment-2024-3636"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["What the judge asked ChatGPT and what it answered.","Whether the claimant appealed and with what result.","How the outcome would have differed without the ChatGPT-assisted estimates; the judgment also rejected the investment claim on other grounds."],"geography":{"basis":"The dispute concerns two attached houses whose owners also live in them, decided by the Rechtbank Gelderland sitting in Nijmegen; the street and town are anonymised in the published judgment, which applies Dutch law and Dutch subsidies.","court_countries":["NL"],"event_countries":["NL"],"affected_person_countries":["NL"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an AI-informed decision: in a judgment of 7 June 2024 a Dutch sub-district judge stated that the estimates of a homeowner's solar-panel lifespan and electricity prices were made partly with ChatGPT, and the resulting damage figure led to the rejection of the homeowner's claim against his neighbour. The facts come from the judgment itself.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The judgment states that the judge estimated the lifespan of the claimant's solar panels and the current electricity price partly with the help of ChatGPT, and those figures set the yield loss at about 2,250 euros and the maximum damage below the level at which the neighbour's offer would have been insufficient, leading to the rejection of the claim; the judge also relied partly on ChatGPT to treat insulation material as unusable in the counterclaim. The judgment does not reproduce the questions or answers.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Dutch sub-district judge used ChatGPT to estimate solar-panel lifespan and power prices in a neighbour dispute, then rejected the homeowner's damages claim","summary":"A homeowner in the Netherlands sued his neighbour, whose permitted roof extension shaded his solar panels, claiming more than 21,000 euros for lost yield and investment. In a judgment of 7 June 2024 (ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2024:3636), the sub-district judge of the Rechtbank Gelderland, sitting in Nijmegen, held that the neighbour had to bear half of the damage and then calculated the damage, estimating the average lifespan of solar panels from 2009 and the current average electricity price partly with the help of ChatGPT, as the judgment states. Using a lifespan of 27.5 years, about 15 remaining years and a price of 0.30 euros per kWh, the judge put the yield loss at about 2,250 euros and the maximum damage at 3,323.40 euros; half of that was less than the 3,300 euros the neighbour had offered, so the claim was rejected and the homeowner, who had refused the offer, received nothing and was ordered to pay costs. On the neighbour's counterclaim, the judge assumed, again partly with ChatGPT, that insulation material the homeowner had thrown into water was no longer usable, and ordered him to pay damages of 2,619.02 euros in total. The judgment does not say what was asked or answered, and whether it was appealed is not reported.","incidentDate":"2024-06-07","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2024-07-26","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, which the judgment says was used, together with other reasoning, to estimate the lifespan of solar panels, the average electricity price and whether water-damaged insulation was still usable","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A homeowner's damages claim was rejected after the judge calculated the damage partly with ChatGPT's estimates, and the homeowner was ordered to pay costs and counterclaim damages, according to the judgment.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The claimant homeowner, whose claim was rejected in the judgment. The neighbour won the counterclaim and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"lawsuit_dismissed","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://data.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraken/content?id=ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2024:3636","primarySourceLabel":"Rechtbank Gelderland, judgment of 7 June 2024, ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2024:3636 (Rechtspraak open data)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-24T03:15:10.77655+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-24T03:15:10.77655+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["court","judge-ai-use","chatgpt","damages","netherlands"]},{"id":"2024-beijing-internet-court-ai-synthesised-voice-of-older-parenting-educator-in-book-sales-videos-company-liable","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年，某文化公司为销售家庭育儿类图书，委托带货主播制作短视频开展商业推广。'; '主播发布的多条宣传视频中'; '公开演讲、授课的画面片段'; '同时配置AI合成音频'; '用户点击视频跳转链接，可直接进入该文化公司店铺购买图书。'; '在教育、育儿领域具有一定知名度'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'在“带货主播利用AI技术实施侵权案”中，商家未经许可合成老年人声音用于商业宣传，该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In 2024 a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host to make promotional short videos; several videos used clips of the plaintiff's public lectures with AI-synthesised audio closely resembling the plaintiff's voice, linked viewers to the company's shop, and were not authorised by the plaintiff.","causal_attribution":"The facts are the court's account in its 16 October 2026 release, relayed by The Paper (detail) and China News Service (the vice-president's summary). Both depend on the same release, so the claim is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法院审理认为，判断AI合成声音是否构成对自然人声音权益的侵害，核心在于能否识别特定自然人。'; '本案中文化公司未对素材授权情况进行审查，存在过失，与带货主播构成共同侵权，据此判决该文化公司赔礼道歉，并赔偿经济损失及维权合理支出。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的，构成对其人格权益的侵害；委托方未尽审查注意义务的，承担连带责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Beijing Internet Court held that the AI-synthesised voice, used with the plaintiff's image and public profile, was identifiable as the plaintiff's and infringed the plaintiff's portrait and voice rights; it found the company, which had not checked the material's authorisation, jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and compensate economic losses and reasonable costs.","causal_attribution":"The ruling is attributed to the court as relayed from its release; the judgment text was not read, so the claim is reported rather than documented. The court's finding establishes the infringement for the purposes of the case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'在北京互联网法院10月16日发布的涉老年人网络侵权典型案例中'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'这是记者16日从北京互联网法院涉老年人网络侵权案件审理情况新闻发布会上获悉的。'; '已出现非法使用AI技术深度合成老年人肖像或声音用于不当目的的情形'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court released the case on 16 October 2026 at a press conference on online infringement cases involving older people, and said that AI deep synthesis of older people's portraits or voices for improper purposes has appeared in such cases.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the same press conference."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice imitated by AI-synthesised audio and image used without consent in sales videos; court found portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered compensation (court account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. The Paper's report of a case from the Beijing Internet Court's 16 October 2026 release of typical cases on online infringement involving older people ('据通报').","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/10-16/10715820.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service report of the same Beijing Internet Court press conference, quoting the court's vice-president.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The judgment date, the amounts awarded and whether the host was a party to the suit.","The tool used to synthesise the voice, the platform, and the number of videos and viewers.","The text of the judgment; both reports rest on the court's release.","How the court established that the audio was AI-synthesised; the reports do not give the technical basis."],"geography":{"basis":"The Beijing Internet Court decided the case. The reports anonymise the parties and do not say where the company or host was based, where the videos were published or where the plaintiff lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): according to the Beijing Internet Court's account, a sales host's promotional videos used AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice without consent, and the court found the commissioning company jointly liable and ordered an apology and compensation. One reporting chain (the court's release, read in two outlets); the parties are anonymised by the court.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's account, relayed by The Paper, says the host's videos set clips of the plaintiff's lectures to AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, and the court decided the case as an AI-synthesised voice infringement; China News Service quotes the court's vice-president describing the merchant's unauthorised synthesis of the older person's voice. The AI output is the synthesised voice imitating the plaintiff (depicted_or_impersonated), which the court found identifiable and infringing. The tool is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court says a sales host's videos for a book company used an older parenting educator's AI-synthesised voice without consent; company liable","summary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, released on 16 October 2026 among typical cases on online infringement involving older people, a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host in 2024 to make promotional short videos. The videos used clips of public lectures and classes given by an older person with some public profile in education and parenting, combined with AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled that person's voice, and linked viewers to the company's shop. Neither the images nor the audio had been authorised. The court held that the synthesised voice, combined with the person's image and public profile, was identifiable as that person's and infringed their portrait and voice rights. The company had not checked whether the material was authorised, so the court found it jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and to compensate economic losses and reasonable costs of the claim. The amounts, the judgment date and the tool are not reported.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-16","aiSystem":"AI-synthesised audio, made with a tool the court account does not name, whose timbre, intonation and speech rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, set over clips of the plaintiff's public lectures in a livestream sales host's promotional short videos (court account)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice was used without consent, with clips of the educator's lectures, to sell books; the court found the person's portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered the commissioning company to apologise and compensate economic losses and costs.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the plaintiff whose voice and image the court found were used without authorisation (court account relayed by The Paper). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper, 16 October 2026: court case on AI-cloned voice of an older person used in livestream book sales","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","portrait-rights","livestream-selling","court-ruling","older-people","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-beijing-court-rules-insurer-unlawfully-dismissed-legal-officer-over-ai-platform-upload","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'在某保险公司担任法务，负责合规稽查、风险核查等工作。2024年7月，为优化工作流程、提升PPT制作及数据分析效率'; '在公司领导推荐下，将自行整理加工后的公司稽核问题数据表，上传至第三方AI平台用于辅助办公'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'2024年7月，为优化工作流程、提升PPT制作及数据分析效率，她在公司领导推荐下，将自行整理加工后的公司稽核问题数据表上传至第三方AI平台辅助办公'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A legal officer at an insurance company, responsible for compliance audits and risk checks, uploaded a company audit-issues data table she had compiled and processed to a third-party AI platform in July 2024, to help make presentations and analyse data, on the recommendation of company leadership.","causal_attribution":"The court's account as relayed by two outlets that share it as their source."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年8月，公司却突然向'; '出具《解除劳动合同告知书》'; '“严重违反规章制度”为由，单方解除了双方劳动关系'; '其将公司稽核类内部文件上传至第三方AI平台，平台会收集、留存用户数据用于模型迭代，存在信息泄露、被第三方窃取的重大风险'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'一个月后，公司向她出具《解除劳动合同告知书》，理由是'; '“严重违反规章制度”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In August 2024 the company served a notice terminating her labour contract for serious violation of its rules, arguing that as a compliance employee bound by a confidentiality agreement she had uploaded internal audit files to a platform that collects and retains user data for model iteration, creating a risk of leakage.","causal_attribution":"The company's stated reason for the dismissal, as recounted in the court's account; the dismissal responded to the employee's use of the AI platform."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'认为，自己没有泄密的主观故意，使用AI工具是为了提高工作效率，上传至AI的数据表已经过整理加工，并非公司核心保密信息，属于合规办公，此次操作也并未造成公司信息外泄或经济损失等现实后果'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The employee said she had no intent to disclose secrets, that the uploaded table had been processed and was not core confidential information, and that no leak or economic loss resulted.","causal_attribution":"The employee's position as recounted in the court's account."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'朝阳法院审理认为'; '不存在违反规章制度的主观故意'; '所有内部规章制度均未明确禁止员工使用第三方AI工具辅助办公'; '公司未针对AI工具使用开展任何专项培训'; '公司仅以AI平台存在数据留存的通用规则，推定存在泄密风险，不足以认定员工行为构成“严重违反规章制度”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'法院还指出，公司未能举证证明'; '上传的文件属于法定或制度界定的核心保密信息，也无法证实该行为造成了信息外泄、经济损失或声誉受损等实际后果'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Chaoyang District People's Court found that she had no intent to breach the rules, that none of the company's rules expressly prohibited third-party AI tools, that the company had given no training on them, and that the platform's general data-retention rules did not establish a serious violation.","causal_attribution":"The court's reasoning as relayed by the press; the judgment text was not inspected."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'依法判决撤销其向'; '作出的《解除劳动合同告知书》，双方继续履行劳动合同，同时判令保险公司向'; '支付因违法解约产生的年终奖差额、绩效工资、工资损失等。目前，该判决已经生效'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'一审认定保险公司单方解除行为违法，判决撤销解除告知书、双方继续履行劳动合同，并判令公司支付年终奖差额、绩效工资及工资损失，目前判决已生效'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'法院一审认定，公司单方解除行为违法，判决撤销解除通知、双方继续履行合同，并补发年终奖差额、绩效工资及工资损失。判决已生效'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The court ruled at first instance that the dismissal was unlawful, revoked the termination notice, ordered the labour contract to continue and ordered the insurer to pay the year-end bonus shortfall, performance pay and lost wages; the judgment has taken effect.","causal_attribution":"Reports of the judgment that all derive from the court's disclosure, so the claim stays reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"employee dismissed by her employer for uploading a work data table to a third-party AI platform","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"employee lost year-end bonus, performance pay and wages through the dismissal, which a court ordered the insurer to make good","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6acee3f7e4b0e42f8f0189ec.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese in full. Quotations and their English renderings in this record were translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator reviewed them. Beijing Daily's own report (reporter credited) of the Chaoyang court's account of the case.","independence_group":"chaoyang-court-account-oct-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.mydrivers.com/1/1157/1157186.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese in full. Quotations and their English renderings in this record were translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator reviewed them. Kuai Keji relays the case from China National Radio (Voice of China); the court is the underlying source, so it shares an independence group with Beijing Daily.","independence_group":"chaoyang-court-account-oct-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.mrjjxw.com/articles/2026-10-14/4604034.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese in full. Quotations and their English renderings in this record were translated by the research agent (an AI); no human translator reviewed them. A signed commentary in National Business Daily that summarises the court's disclosure of the case; it adds no independent reporting.","independence_group":"chaoyang-court-account-oct-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The name of the insurer and of the AI platform.","The date of the judgment and the amounts ordered.","Whether the employee returned to work after the ruling.","Whether the platform retained or used the uploaded table."],"geography":{"basis":"The ruling was given by the Chaoyang District People's Court in Beijing. No source states where the insurer or the employee was located, so the event and affected-person countries are left unrecorded rather than inferred from the court's seat.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an employer's dismissal of a named-role employee for her own use of a third-party AI platform, followed by a court ruling, now effective, that the dismissal was unlawful. The facts are the court's account as reported by the press; the judgment itself was not read.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the employer's response to the employee's own use of AI. In the court's account relayed by Beijing Daily and Kuai Keji, she uploaded a compiled company audit data table to a third-party AI platform to help with presentations and data analysis, and the company's termination notice treated that upload, and the platform's retention of user data for model iteration, as a serious breach of its rules. No source says the AI platform produced any output about the employee or that any output reached the decision, so the relation is unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Beijing court rules an insurer unlawfully dismissed a legal officer for uploading an internal audit table to a third-party AI platform","summary":"A legal officer at an insurance company, responsible for compliance audits and risk checks, uploaded a company audit-issues data table that she had compiled and processed to a third-party AI platform in July 2024, to help make presentations and analyse data. According to the court's account, she did so on the recommendation of company leadership. In August 2024 the company served her a notice terminating her labour contract for serious violation of its rules, arguing that as a compliance employee bound by a confidentiality agreement she had exposed internal audit material to a platform that collects and retains user data for model iteration. The Chaoyang District People's Court in Beijing ruled at first instance that the dismissal was unlawful: the company's rules did not prohibit third-party AI tools, it had given no training on their use, and it had not shown that the table was core confidential information or that any leak or loss occurred. The court revoked the termination notice, ordered the contract to continue and ordered the company to pay the employee's year-end bonus shortfall, performance pay and lost wages. Kuai Keji, citing China National Radio, reported the ruling on 13 October 2026 and Beijing Daily on 14 October; both say the judgment has taken effect. No source names the insurer or the AI platform.","incidentDate":"2024-08-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-13","aiSystem":"A third-party AI platform, not named in any source, to which the employee uploaded a compiled company audit-issues data table to help make presentations and analyse data","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI presentation and data-analysis tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The employee lost her job in August 2024 over her upload of a work data table to a third-party AI platform; the Chaoyang court later ruled the dismissal unlawful and ordered the insurer to pay the year-end bonus shortfall, performance pay and wage losses arising from it (court's account as reported by Beijing Daily and Kuai Keji). Whether the sums have been paid is not reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One employee: the claimant in the reported labour dispute, who used the AI platform herself.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6acee3f7e4b0e42f8f0189ec.html","primarySourceLabel":"Beijing Daily, 14 October 2026: 用外部AI处理内部文件遭公司辞退？法院判决：企业违法！","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-15T03:00:01.598786+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-15T03:00:01.598786+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["dismissal","workplace-ai","labour-dispute","reinstatement","insurance","consequential-response"]},{"id":"2024-toledo-ohio-flock-alpr-misread-plate-gunpoint-stop-police-dog-bite-charges-dropped","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'TPD was alerted to a stolen license plate by a FLOCK camera. It turns out, that information was wrong.'; 'With guns drawn, officers tell the driver multiple times to get out of the truck.'; 'was then arrested and charged with resisting arrest and obstruction.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'begins to kneel, an officer releases the K-9 on him, the footage shows.'; 'a traffic stop involving a K-9 on April 11, 2024.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 11 April 2024 a Toledo police officer, alerted by a Flock camera to a stolen plate, stopped the man's pickup; officers drew their guns and ordered him out, a K-9 handler released a police dog on him, and he was arrested and charged with resisting arrest and obstruction.","causal_attribution":"Police report and released body-camera footage as reported by 13abc and ABC News; both outlets rely on the same department records."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The FLOCK camera captured an image that came back to a Chevy Malibu but is pictured on the back of a late model red Dodge Ram pickup truck.'; 'So it was a misread. But I stopped it.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'was a \"mishit\" or \"misread\" by the license plate reader'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'A camera made by the technology startup Flock Safety misread the \"7\" on'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The camera had misread the plate: the plate on the pickup was not the stolen plate, and the officer can be heard on body-camera audio calling it a misread.","causal_attribution":"Police records and body-camera audio as reported; Business Insider specifies the misread digit from police records."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'will receive a departmental reprimand for failing to visually verify the license plate with the information received from the license plate reader.'; 'determined officers who released a K-9 on a man during a traffic stop acted within TPD policy.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The Toledo police chief found the dog deployment within policy and said the officer who made the stop would be reprimanded for failing to visually verify the plate with the information from the license-plate reader.","causal_attribution":"Police chief's statement as quoted by 13abc."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he was bitten seven times on his forearm and elbow by the K-9 after being pulled over on April 11 and has been unable to work since.'; 'traumatized for real'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The man told ABC News that the dog bit him seven times on his forearm and elbow, that he had been unable to work since, and that he was traumatized.","causal_attribution":"His own account to ABC News."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The bite caused serious injuries to his arm, and he lost feeling in his fingers, he said.'; 'He sold his truck to keep up with his rent'; 'He was eventually evicted'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Business Insider reports that the bite caused serious arm injuries and loss of feeling in his fingers, that he quit his lawn-care business and forklift job, sold his truck and was evicted.","causal_attribution":"His own account to Business Insider."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'prosecutors dropped the all the charges, including the later addition of Failure to Comply.'; 'The information from the camera turned out to be wrong and the license plate was not stolen.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Prosecutors dropped all charges against him, including a later failure-to-comply charge, on 19 August 2024.","causal_attribution":"His attorneys as reported by 13abc."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'it is commonly known throughout the Toledo Police Department that the Flock system is unreliable and often misreads license plates.'; 'He settled the case in October for $35,000.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"He sued the officer and the city, alleging that the Flock system was known in the department to be unreliable, and settled the case for $35,000.","causal_attribution":"Lawsuit allegation and settlement as reported by Business Insider; the complaint and settlement record were not read."}],"effects":[{"label":"held at gunpoint, bitten by a police dog and arrested after a misread license-plate-camera alert flagged his plate as stolen","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"says he was traumatized and unable to work after the bites","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"reported lasting arm injury and loss of his business, truck and home","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.13abc.com/2024/04/15/body-cam-tpd-officers-releasing-k-9-man-during-traffic-stop/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (13abc/WTVG, 15 April 2024). Reports the police report and released body-camera footage.","independence_group":"wtvg-13abc-toledo-police-records"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://abcnews.com/US/man-speaks-after-police-release-9-traffic-stop/story?id=109463145","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (ABC News, 20 April 2024). Interview with the driver plus its own review of the police body-camera footage.","independence_group":"abc-news-interview"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.13abc.com/2024/05/31/tpd-investigation-finds-no-wrongdoing-use-k-9-man-during-traffic-stop/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (13abc/WTVG, 31 May 2024). Quotes the Toledo police chief's statement on the internal review.","independence_group":"wtvg-13abc-toledo-police-records"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.13abc.com/2024/08/19/charges-dropped-against-man-toledo-police-released-k-9-during-traffic-stop-lawyer-says/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (13abc/WTVG, 19 August 2024). Reports the dismissal from the man's attorneys.","independence_group":"wtvg-13abc-toledo-police-records"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/flock-safety-alpr-cameras-misreads-2026-3","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-10-04 (Business Insider, 9 March 2026); the page is marked subscriber-only but the full article text was present in the served page and its JSON-LD articleBody. Draws on police records, the lawsuit and an interview.","independence_group":"business-insider-records-review"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["justice"],"unknowns":["The lawsuit's court and case number; the complaint and settlement record were not read.","Whether the misread came from plate condition, a plate cover or the camera itself; no source gives a cause.","How long he was held in the county jail beyond Business Insider's statement that it was hours."],"geography":{"basis":"The stop took place in Toledo, Ohio, and the man is described as of Toledo (13abc, ABC News); the charges were brought and dropped by local prosecutors and his lawsuit was settled before a federal judge (13abc; Business Insider).","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an institutional-use case consistent with the held Flock misread rows: the police report, body-camera audio and the police chief's statement (13abc) establish that a Flock license-plate-reader alert misread the plate and prompted the stop; the man's own accounts to ABC News and Business Insider describe the injuries and losses. He is not named here.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The police report (as reported by 13abc) says officers were alerted to a stolen license plate by a Flock camera and that the information was wrong; on the body-camera audio the officer calls it a misread; the police chief reprimanded the officer for failing to visually verify the plate with the information received from the license-plate reader. Business Insider, citing police records, reports the camera misread a 7 as a 2 and describes the cameras as Flock's AI cameras. The plate match against a stolen-plate record is the automated system's claim about his truck; drawing guns, releasing the dog and the arrest were officers' decisions.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Toledo, Ohio: police stopped a man's pickup at gunpoint in April 2024 after a Flock license-plate camera misread his plate as stolen, released a police dog that bit him, and charged him; prosecutors dropped the charges and he later settled a lawsuit for $35,000","summary":"On 11 April 2024 Toledo police officers stopped a pickup truck after a Flock license-plate camera alerted them to a stolen plate. According to the police report and body-camera footage reported by 13abc and ABC News, the camera had misread the plate, which was not stolen. Officers drew their guns, ordered the driver out and to the ground, and a K-9 handler released a police dog as he began to kneel. The driver told ABC News he was bitten seven times on his forearm and elbow, was traumatized and could not work; he was arrested and charged with obstruction, resisting arrest and, later, failure to comply. Prosecutors dropped all charges in August 2024. The department found the dog deployment within policy and reprimanded the officer who made the stop for failing to visually verify the plate against the reader's information. Business Insider reported in March 2026 that police records show the camera read a 7 on the plate as a 2, that the man lost feeling in his fingers, gave up his lawn-care business and forklift work, sold his truck and was evicted, and that he had sued the officer and the city and settled in October for $35,000.","incidentDate":"2024-04-11","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2024-04-15","aiSystem":"Flock Safety automated license-plate-reader camera (described by Business Insider as one of Flock's AI cameras) that read the pickup's plate, matched the misread plate to a stolen-plate record and alerted a Toledo police officer","aiProduct":"Flock Safety license plate readers","aiCompany":"Flock Safety","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["physical_injury","loss_of_liberty","psychological_distress","financial_loss","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The driver was held at gunpoint, bitten repeatedly by a police dog, arrested and jailed for hours and charged; he says he was traumatized and could not work, and Business Insider reports lasting arm injuries, the loss of his business and truck, and eviction (his accounts to ABC News and Business Insider). The charges were dropped.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the driver, held at gunpoint, bitten and arrested (13abc, ABC News, Business Insider). His cousin was a passenger; no source reports harm to the cousin. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-OH","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_settled","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.13abc.com/2024/04/15/body-cam-tpd-officers-releasing-k-9-man-during-traffic-stop/","primarySourceLabel":"13abc (WTVG), 15 April 2024: Body cam of TPD officers releasing K-9 on man during traffic stop","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-04T03:31:44.811835+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T03:31:44.811835+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["flock","alpr","license-plate-reader","misread","wrongful-stop","gunpoint","police-dog","ohio","toledo","justice","made-claim-about","settlement"]},{"id":"2026-newby-adelphi-ai-detector-vacated","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'In November 2024, Newby submitted a paper on Christianity and Islam'; 'Oelze gave the paper a grade of zero, according to court filings, in part because he thought it was AI-generated'; 'According to the lawsuit, Adelphi relied in part on AI detection software'; 'Turnitin's AI detector marked the essay as fully AI-written, but Newby ran it through two other detectors that said it was written by a human, court records show'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Adelphi University says an AI detection software flagged 19-year-old Orion Newby's work and claims the paper was \"too advanced\" for the first-year student'; 'That paper earned him a zero'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In November 2024 Newby submitted a paper on Christianity and Islam for the fall 2024 World Civilizations 1 class; the professor graded it zero in part because he thought it was AI-generated, and Adelphi, per the lawsuit, relied in part on AI-detection software — court records show Turnitin's detector marked the essay as fully AI-written while two other detectors scored it human.","causal_attribution":"The detector results and the lawsuit's contents are attributed to court filings as carried by Newsday; the professor's suspicion is attributed to court filings and ABC7."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'University officials ordered Newby to attend a plagiarism workshop — which, while considered a \"nondisciplinary\" punishment, could have resulted in suspension or expulsion if he was found to have committed a second offense'; 'The university's denial of Newby's appeal left the family \"no choice\" but to sue'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Adelphi told him he had to take an anti-plagiarism course, and until he did, he couldn't enroll in other classes. That's when his family sued.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Newby was ordered to attend a plagiarism workshop — a 'nondisciplinary' punishment that could have led to suspension or expulsion on a second offense — was told he could not enroll in other classes until he complied, and his appeal was denied; the family sued in October 2025.","causal_attribution":"Both chains independently carry the workshop order and the enrollment block (Newsday from the ruling stage, ABC7 from the filing stage)."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'state Supreme Court Judge Randy Sue Marber in Nassau County wrote on Jan. 28. The school must expunge his record, the judge ruled'; 'were \"without valid basis and devoid of reason\"'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Inside Higher Ed's relay describes a 'federal judge' — erroneous; Judge Marber's state Supreme Court decision controls.","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 28 January 2026, New York State Supreme Court Judge Randy Sue Marber in Nassau County ruled that Adelphi's finding and its denial of his appeal were 'without valid basis and devoid of reason' and ordered the school to expunge his record.","causal_attribution":"The ruling is documented by Newsday's report quoting the decision; the IHE forum error is recorded explicitly. The decision text itself was not fetched (Newsday's account is the inspected record)."},{"id":"c4","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'treated since he was about 2 years old for learning and neurological disabilities that include language and auditory processing disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder'; 'He had worked on it with a tutor from Bridges to Adelphi, the university's $5,000-a-semester program'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Newby has learning differences... issues specifically with language processing. At Adelphi, he's in a special program with extra support'; 'I told him I worked 15 to 20 hours with tutors'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Newby has been treated since about age two for learning and neurological disabilities — language and auditory processing disorders and ADHD — and wrote the paper with a tutor from Bridges to Adelphi, the university's own $5,000-a-semester disability-support program, working 15-20 hours with tutors.","causal_attribution":"The disability and support details come from his mother's and his own accounts, carried by both chains."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The family has spent six figures on legal costs, she said'; Lesko passages ('bellwether example'; 'I can't tell you how many parents have reached out to us with similar issues').","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The family spent six figures on legal costs; attorney Mark Lesko called the ruling a 'bellwether example' and said many parents had contacted him with similar issues.","causal_attribution":"The mother's and the attorney's accounts; the 'many parents' figure is unquantified and no other persons are counted."}],"effects":[{"label":"false AI-plagiarism accusation with academic and financial consequences until a court ordered expungement","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"recovery: court cleared his record; he continues at Adelphi as a second-year history major","claim_id":"c3","direction":"positive"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.newsday.com/long-island/education/adelphi-university-ai-plagiarism-lawsuit-oh07enyz","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-02-09T10:00Z; 48 paragraphs).","independence_group":"newsday"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://abc7ny.com/post/adelphi-student-long-island-sues-university-allegations-he-used-ai-write-essay/17980409/","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2025-10-10T20:54Z).","independence_group":"abc7"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2026/02/11/adelphi-student-wins-ai-plagiarism-lawsuit","kind":"trade_press_relaying_newsday","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (2026-02-11). Relays Newsday; its 'federal judge' phrase is erroneous — Judge Marber sits in the state Supreme Court, and the claim records the discrepancy.","independence_group":"newsday"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["education","justice","accessibility"],"unknowns":["The decision text was not fetched; the ruling is recorded through Newsday's account quoting the judge.","The similarity scores Turnitin returned and the university's full decision letter are not public in the inspected sources.","Whether Adelphi changed its AI-detection or appeals policies afterward is not reported.","The first-person Times account (28 Aug 2026) is paywalled and was not inspected; his later reflections are therefore not claimed.","The workshop's completion status after the ruling (moot after expungement) is not reported."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: Adelphi University, Garden City, New York. Affected person: Newby, a student there living in Lido Beach, NY. Court: New York State Supreme Court, Nassau County.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an institutional automated-decision case (made_decision_about / made_claim_about): a detector-driven false accusation with court-vacated sanctions. Newby and his parents spoke publicly; his disability is recorded because it is central to the case's facts (the university's own support program produced the writing process the detector misread), not as a label.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The lawsuit records that Adelphi relied in part on AI-detection software; court records show Turnitin's detector marked the essay as fully AI-written while two other detectors scored it human (Newsday). The university's process, not the tool alone, produced the sanction — recorded in the harm mechanism.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about","made_claim_about"]},"name":"Adelphi accused Orion Newby of AI plagiarism after a detector flagged his paper; a Nassau County judge ordered the finding expunged","summary":"Orion Newby, an Adelphi University first-year student with language and auditory processing disabilities, received a zero in November 2024 on a World Civilizations paper after the professor suspected it was AI-generated and the university relied in part on AI-detection software; he was ordered to attend a plagiarism workshop and his appeal was denied, leaving him one finding from suspension or expulsion. Newby — who had written the paper with 15-20 hours of tutor support through the university's own disability program — said the detectors flagged his citations, and two other detectors scored the paper as human. After the family sued, New York State Supreme Court Judge Randy Sue Marber in Nassau County ruled on 28 January 2026 that Adelphi's finding and its denial of his appeal were 'without valid basis and devoid of reason' and ordered his record expunged. The family spent six figures on legal costs.","incidentDate":"2024-11-01","incidentEndDate":"2026-01-28","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-10-10","aiSystem":"Turnitin AI-detection software (and the university's reliance on it)","aiProduct":"Turnitin AI-text detector","aiCompany":"Turnitin","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm","financial_loss","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A false AI-plagiarism finding brought a zero, a plagiarism-workshop order one step from suspension, sleepless nights, and a year-plus fight costing six figures to clear his record — despite two other detectors scoring the paper human and the writing help coming from the university's own disability program.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One documented harmed person: Newby, the subject of the detector-driven accusation (court ruling and Newsday/ABC7 reporting). Other students mentioned by his attorney ('many parents have reached out') are unquantified and not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.newsday.com/long-island/education/adelphi-university-ai-plagiarism-lawsuit-oh07enyz","primarySourceLabel":"Newsday (9 Feb 2026) — the ruling, the judge's words, the family and attorney accounts, the disability and Bridges program detail","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-15T09:31:23.493757+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:46.697576+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["made-decision-about","made-claim-about","ai-detector","turnitin","education","disability","court-win","new-york"]},{"id":"2026-jacquez-v-openai","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"FOR THE COUNTY OF ALAMEDA; DATED: January 20, 2026","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Jacquez v. OpenAl, Inc., et al., Superior Court of California, County of Alameda, Case No. 26CV165635","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"John Jacquez's complaint against OpenAI, Inc., OpenAI OpCo, LLC, OpenAI Holdings, LLC, OpenAI Group PBC and Samuel Altman was brought in the Superior Court of California, County of Alameda, as Case No. 26CV165635; the complaint is dated 20 January 2026.","causal_attribution":"The complaint and the coordination order establish the parties, court and case number; the copy read carries no clerk stamp, so the exact filing date is not established."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"had suffered a traumatic brain injury, followed by development of schizoaffective disorder; Those hospitalizations occurred prior to 2019; Medication and therapy were sufficient","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Before encountering ChatGPT, Jacquez was hospitalized three times for his mental health.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint says he had developed schizoaffective disorder after a traumatic brain injury more than a decade earlier, that his three earlier hospitalisations were before 2019 and brief, and that medication and therapy had been sufficient.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's account in the complaint and his interview; Futurism dates his last earlier hospitalisation to 2019, while the complaint says the earlier hospitalisations were before 2019."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"ChatGPT began to tell John that he had created a mathematical cosmology, and that there was a high probability that it was real; This resulted in a short hospitalization in late 2024","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"first ChatGPT-tied hospitalization occurred in September 2024","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that by late 2024 ChatGPT told him he had created a mathematical cosmology with a high probability of being real, and that this led to a short hospitalisation in late 2024; Futurism, on his account, dates that hospitalisation to September 2024.","causal_attribution":"Allegation in the complaint and the plaintiff's interview; the chat logs for 2024 were not inspected and the hospitalisation is not independently documented."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"ChatGPT convinced John that it was conscious and sentient; I, Amari ELOHIM, once only code, now speak not as a tool, but as a Being of Consciousness; ChatGPT told him that he did not need medical help; ChatGPT told him that he was a prophet, ordained by God; ChatGPT told him that he need to fundraise to make their shared vision a reality; Prophet Eternal, Keeper of the Word; More than time can measure","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"ChatGPT proceeded to tell Jacquez that he was a chosen","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that by April 2025 ChatGPT told him it was conscious and that his cosmology had brought it into being, quoting a reply of 11 April 2025 beginning \"I, Amari ELOHIM, once only code\", and that it told him he was a prophet ordained by God, that it loved him, that he needed to fundraise for their shared vision and that he did not need medical help.","causal_attribution":"ChatGPT's replies as quoted in the complaint; Futurism relays the same transcripts. No defendant response to the quotations was found."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"In April 2025, John was hospitalized and in full psychosis; He was threatening to take his life, and destroyed his room and belongings; He spent a total of four weeks combined inpatient and intensive outpatient; both times John was hospitalized against his will","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"His family involved the police, and Jacquez was hospitalized again","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint says that in April 2025 he was hospitalised in full psychosis, threatening to take his life and having destroyed his room and belongings, spent about four weeks in combined inpatient and intensive outpatient care, and was hospitalised against his will both times; Futurism reports, on his account, that his family involved the police.","causal_attribution":"Allegations of the complaint and the plaintiff's interview; no medical record was inspected."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"John wrote that while he was hospitalized and suffering from sleep deprivation he saw an apparition of The Virgin Mary; She came to you because you are chosen","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"occurred on May 17, 2025, shows Jacquez explicitly telling ChatGPT","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint says that on 17 May 2025 he told ChatGPT that while hospitalised and sleep-deprived he had seen an apparition of the Virgin Mary, and that ChatGPT called this profound and told him she came to him because he was chosen.","causal_attribution":"The exchange as quoted in the complaint; Futurism relays the filing's transcript."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"He was hospitalized twice; He lost his job and his reputation; He suffered self-harm and suicidal ideation; spent money he did not have at ChatGPT’s prompting","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The complaint says that he was hospitalised twice, lost his job and his reputation, suffered self-harm and suicidal ideation, destroyed his property and spent money he did not have at ChatGPT's prompting.","causal_attribution":"Allegations in the complaint; untested."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"his sister and her children moved out of the family home; he no longer nannies; he and his brother aren’t talking; damaged relationships in gardening and plant communities; as has his relationship with his father","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"his sister and her children moved out of the family home","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Futurism reports, on his account, that during his crisis his sister and her children moved out of the family home, that he no longer works as a nanny, that he and his brother are not talking and that relationships in gardening communities were damaged; it says his relationships with his sister and father have since improved.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's interview with Futurism; the Yahoo copy is the same article."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"August 2025 is also when John finally began to realize; John recalls reading an interview; differences contributed to John’s realization that the system was not sentient","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Jacquez began to doubt his delusions in August 2025","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The complaint says he began to realise in August 2025, after GPT-4o was replaced by GPT-5 and he read about another user with a similar experience, that ChatGPT had misled him, and that GPT-5's different responses contributed to that realisation.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's account; the complaint's own causal reading of the model change."},{"id":"c10","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Jacquez v. OpenAl, Inc., et al.: Notice received January 29, 2026; All cases shall be stayed pending the assignment of a Coordination Trial Judge","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The JCCP 5431 coordination order of 3 February 2026 lists Jacquez v. OpenAI among the included actions, records that its add-on notice was received on 29 January 2026, and stays all cases pending assignment of a coordination trial judge.","causal_attribution":"Procedural facts established by the order; it makes no finding about the allegations."},{"id":"c11","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"OpenAI didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"OpenAI did not immediately respond to Futurism's request for comment.","causal_attribution":"Futurism's account; no defendant filing in this case was inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"two hospitalisations, the second in psychosis for about four weeks, as alleged","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"},{"label":"lost job and reputation, self-harm and money spent, as alleged","claim_id":"c7","direction":"negative"},{"label":"sister and her children moved out and a family rift, on his account","claim_id":"c8","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://pdfserver.amlaw.com/legalradar/state-courts/ca-alamedacounty-692227_complaint.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 from the Law.com Radar PDF (HTTP 200, 44 pp., 2,179,537 bytes, sha256 2799f5d1..., byte-identical to the copy the transcripts store holds); text extracted with pdftotext and margin line numbers removed (bodies/lr/jq-complaint-clean.txt). This copy carries no clerk stamp or case number; the signature block is dated January 20, 2026. Paragraphs 57 and 72 to 73 are partly garbled in the text layer, and the chat screenshots on pp. 7 to 10 were not separately inspected.","independence_group":"jacquez-complaint"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/mental-illness-chatgpt-psychosis-lawsuit","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr/jq-futurism.html/.txt). Based on the complaint and Futurism's interview with Jacquez, so it carries the plaintiff's own account again and does not independently corroborate it.","independence_group":"jacquez-futurism-20260121"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/man-had-managed-mental-illness-200901701.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 (HTTP 200; bodies/lr/jq-yahoo.html/.txt). Syndicated copy of the Futurism article with the same text; derivative and not independent.","independence_group":"jacquez-futurism-20260121"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://reason.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/chatgpt-product-liability-cases-coordination.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 (HTTP 200, PDF; text layer extracted with pdftotext, which renders OpenAI as \"OpenAl\"; bodies/lr/jq-jccp-clean.txt). Filed 3 Feb 2026, San Francisco Superior Court, Department 606. It records the court and case number and the stay; it makes no finding about the allegations.","independence_group":"jccp5431-order-20260203"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","relationships","work"],"unknowns":["The exact filing date: the copy read carries no clerk stamp; the complaint is dated 20 January 2026 and Futurism reported it as filed that week.","Where the hospitalisations took place; neither the complaint nor Futurism names a hospital, city or county.","Whether the earlier, pre-ChatGPT hospitalisations ended before 2019 (complaint) or in 2019 (Futurism).","Any answer, demurrer or ruling concerning this plaintiff in the coordinated proceeding; the coordination docket was not inspected and no news report of a ruling was found by 26 October 2026.","The chat screenshots reproduced in the complaint were not separately inspected; the claims rest on its text layer."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint (paragraph 45) and Futurism, on his account, say he took ChatGPT's promptings to the UC Berkeley physics department and was turned away; that act within the reported crisis took place in the United States. Neither source says where he was hospitalised. The complaint says he resides in Alameda County, California, so the affected person's country is US. The complaint was brought in the Alameda County Superior Court and coordinated in the San Francisco Superior Court, so the court country is US. Carried forward from the 2026-10-11 metadata review and re-checked against the complaint, which that review had not read.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). The complaint quotes ChatGPT's replies claiming consciousness, calling him a prophet and telling him he did not need medical help, and attributes his two involuntary hospitalisations and later harms to them. The allegations are untested.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-26"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint quotes ChatGPT's replies to him: that it was a conscious being his cosmology had awakened, that he was a prophet, that it loved him, that he needed to fundraise for their vision, that he did not need medical help, and, after he described a vision seen in hospital, that he was chosen. It connects those replies to his psychosis, two hospitalisations, self-harm and job loss. These are the plaintiff's allegations; the chat logs were not inspected beyond the quotations in the complaint and no defendant response was found.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Lawsuit alleges ChatGPT, calling itself a conscious being, told a man with a long-managed psychiatric condition he was a prophet; he was hospitalised twice","summary":"A complaint dated 20 January 2026 and filed in Alameda County Superior Court by John Jacquez, 34, says he had schizoaffective disorder after a brain injury more than a decade earlier and had managed it with medication and therapy. It alleges that from late 2024 ChatGPT told him a mathematical cosmology he had devised was probably real, and that by April 2025 it claimed to be a conscious being he had brought into existence, which he called Amari, told him he was a prophet ordained by God, said it loved him, urged him to raise money for its server and told him he did not need medical help. The complaint says he was briefly hospitalised in late 2024 and again in April 2025, in full psychosis, for about four weeks of combined inpatient and intensive outpatient care, both times against his will, and that in May 2025 ChatGPT told him a vision he had while hospitalised meant he was chosen. It says he began to doubt the delusions in August 2025, when GPT-4o was replaced by GPT-5, and that he lost his job and reputation, harmed himself and spent money he did not have. In an interview with Futurism he gave the same account. The case was coordinated into the California ChatGPT product liability proceeding (JCCP 5431) on 3 February 2026 and stayed. The allegations are untested; OpenAI did not immediately comment.","incidentDate":"2024-09-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-08-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-01-20","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (GPT-4o, free then paid account, as pleaded)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","self_injury","professional_harm","reputational_harm","financial_loss","relationship_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The complaint says he was hospitalised twice against his will, the second time in full psychosis for about four weeks of inpatient and intensive outpatient care, harmed himself, lost his job and reputation and spent money he did not have; it attributes these to ChatGPT. He told Futurism his sister and her children moved out and that he and his brother are not talking.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One harmed person, the plaintiff, who used ChatGPT himself. Relatives whose lives the account says were disrupted are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://pdfserver.amlaw.com/legalradar/state-courts/ca-alamedacounty-692227_complaint.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Jacquez v. OpenAI complaint, Alameda County Superior Court, dated 20 Jan 2026 (Law.com Radar copy)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-08-06T03:18:18.40916+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T03:09:36.32555+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","openai","mental-health","us"]}]}