{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-28T05:49:38.279Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"face-detection","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":2,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":1,"minors":0,"coreRelations":1,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2020-amsterdam-university-student-says-proctorio-face-check-repeatedly-failed-to-detect-her-rights-body-finds-no-discrimination","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Voor bepaalde tentamens was het verplicht dat studenten op hun computer de proctoringsoftware (‘antispieksoftware’) van Proctorio installeerden'; 'De software maakt, in ieder geval tijdens het verificatieproces, gebruik van gezichtsdetectiealgoritmes om te beoordelen of een student in beeld is.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In 2020/21 VU Amsterdam required students to run Proctorio proctoring software for some online exams; according to the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights the software used face-detection algorithms, at least during the verification process, to judge whether a student was in view.","causal_attribution":"The Institute's findings of fact about the software's use and function."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'de software had moeite om haar tijdens het verificatieproces te herkennen. Zij kreeg regelmatig de melding ‘face not found’ of ‘room too dark’.'; 'Deze gebeurtenissen leverden haar veel stress en een gevoel van onveiligheid op.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Het programma herkende haar gezicht niet en vroeg haar in \"een goed belichte ruimte\" te gaan zitten'; 'door met een lamp recht in haar gezicht te schijnen.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Ze kreeg dan meldingen zoals ‘face not found’ of ‘room too dark’.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The student says the software had trouble recognising her during the verification process, that she regularly received 'face not found' or 'room too dark' messages, lost a lot of time, shone a bright lamp into her face while taking exams, and that these events caused her much stress and a feeling of insecurity.","causal_attribution":"The student's own account, recited in the ruling as her position and given in interviews; the Institute did not accept that the problems exceeded other students' or were linked to her skin colour (c5)."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Enkel bij het tentamen op 31 maart 2021 ging de setup bij verzoekster langzamer dan gemiddeld; zij had 3 minuten en 27 seconden nodig, terwijl de studenten gemiddeld 2 minuten en 22 seconden nodig hadden.'; 'dat de helpdesk verzoekster heeft geadviseerd om haar bril af te zetten. Nadat verzoekster dit advies heeft opgevolgd, komt zij binnen 8 seconden door de webcamcheck.'; 'De mogelijkheid dat een bril problemen geeft bij de webcamcheck, is een bekend probleem bij Proctorio'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"At an exam on 31 March 2021 the student's Proctorio setup took 3 minutes 27 seconds against an average of 2 minutes 22 seconds; after three attempts at the webcam check she was offered helpdesk chat, was advised to remove her glasses, and then passed the webcam check within eight seconds. The Institute described glasses causing webcam-check problems as a known Proctorio problem unrelated to her skin colour.","causal_attribution":"Findings of the Institute from log data and a chat transcript submitted by the university."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Het College heeft in het tussenoordeel van 7 december 2022 (oordeel 2022-146) vastgesteld dat er voldoende aanwijzingen zijn voor het vermoeden dat de VU de student gediscrimineerd heeft op grond van haar huidskleur.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'De universiteit krijgt tien weken de tijd om aan te tonen dat de software niet discrimineert.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"In an interim ruling of 7 December 2022 the Institute found sufficient indications for a presumption that the university had discriminated against the student on grounds of her skin colour by using Proctorio, and gave the university the opportunity to rebut it.","causal_attribution":"The Institute's interim ruling as recited in its final ruling and reported by AT5."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'De VU heeft kunnen aantonen dat de student tijdens haar tentamens niet meer problemen heeft ondervonden dan andere studenten.'; 'niet veroorzaakt kan zijn door de proctoringsoftware, maar – zeer waarschijnlijk – wel door een instabiele internetverbinding.'; 'acht aannemelijk dat er geen noodzaak was voor verzoekster om langdurig een lamp op hinderlijke wijze in haar gezicht te laten schijnen'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In its final ruling of 17 October 2023 the Institute found that the university had proved it did not discriminate against the student by using Proctorio: she had no more login, verification or restart problems than other students, a restart during the 31 March 2021 exam was very likely caused by an unstable internet connection, and it was plausible that she had no need to keep a lamp shining in her face for long periods.","causal_attribution":"The Institute's final findings; they dispute the student's account of the cause and extent of her problems."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'verboden onderscheid op grond van ras gemaakt bij de klachtbehandeling.'; 'Uiteindelijk heeft het tot 11 mei 2022 geduurd voordat de klacht van de student door één van die instanties in behandeling genomen is.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Institute found that the university had discriminated in handling the student's complaint: she first linked the software's poor functioning to her skin colour in a complaint of 1 October 2021, and it was 11 May 2022 before one of the bodies she was referred to took it up.","causal_attribution":"The Institute's ruling on complaint handling."},{"id":"c7","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'rekenen we het onszelf zeer aan dat de student zich onvoldoende gehoord heeft gevoeld in haar ervaring. Hiervoor bieden we onze excuses aan.'; 'Met de kennis van vandaag zullen wij opnieuw evalueren of, en zo ja hoe, het toetsen op afstand verantwoord kan worden ingezet.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"After the ruling the university apologised that the student had not felt sufficiently heard and said it would review its complaint procedures and re-evaluate whether remote proctoring can be used responsibly.","causal_attribution":"The university's own published statement."}],"effects":[{"label":"student reports stress, lost time and a lamp in her face after Proctorio's face check repeatedly failed to detect her","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://oordelen.mensenrechten.nl/oordeel/2023-111","kind":"official_decision","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch on 2026-10-28; the research agent (an AI) translated the passages for this record; quotations are kept in Dutch.","independence_group":"crm-ruling-2023-111"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2436872-studente-dient-klacht-in-over-discriminerende-antispieksoftware","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch on 2026-10-28; the research agent (an AI) translated the passages for this record; quotations are kept in Dutch.","independence_group":"student-interview-volkskrant-2022"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.at5.nl/artikelen/218108/mensenrechtencollege-geeft-vu-student-gelijk-vermoeden-discriminatie-antispieksoftware-terecht","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch on 2026-10-28; the research agent (an AI) translated the passages for this record; quotations are kept in Dutch.","independence_group":"at5-2022-12-09"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://vu.nl/nl/nieuws/2023/uitspraak-college-voor-de-rechten-van-de-mens","kind":"institution_statement","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch on 2026-10-28; the research agent (an AI) translated the passages for this record; quotations are kept in Dutch.","independence_group":"vu-statement-2023-10-17"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["education","accessibility"],"unknowns":["How many of the student's eight Proctorio-monitored exams produced face-detection failures, and how long each took; the university's log data for four exams before February 2021 do not separate Proctorio's setup time.","Whether the face-detection model performed worse for the student because of her skin colour; Proctorio's audit was not submitted to the Institute.","Proctorio's own response to the student's account."],"geography":{"basis":"The exams were VU Amsterdam's online exams, and the complaint was decided by the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights in Utrecht. The ruling redacts where the student lived and does not say where she sat the exams, so her country is left unknown.","court_countries":["NL"],"event_countries":["NL"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an institution's use of an automated face-detection check on a student: the Institute's ruling documents that the check failed her three times on one exam, and she reports repeated failures, lost time and stress. The ruling rejected her discrimination claim and found that the university mishandled her complaint; both are recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-28"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Institute's ruling says Proctorio used face-detection algorithms in the pre-exam verification check to judge whether a student was in view, and documents that on 31 March 2021 the check failed the student three times and passed her within eight seconds once she removed her glasses. The student says the check repeatedly reported 'face not found' or 'room too dark', which cost her time and caused stress. The Institute found the failures were not linked to her skin colour and not more frequent than other students' failures, so the extent of the system's failures and their cause remain disputed.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about"]},"name":"Amsterdam student says Proctorio exam software repeatedly failed to detect her face; rights body found no discrimination but faulted complaint handling","summary":"During the 2020/21 academic year, when exams at VU Amsterdam were held online because of the pandemic, some exams required students to run Proctorio proctoring software, which according to the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights used face-detection algorithms during a pre-exam webcam check to judge whether the student was in view. A master's student says the software had trouble recognising her, that she regularly received 'face not found' or 'room too dark' messages, lost time, shone a bright lamp into her face while taking exams, and experienced stress and a feeling of insecurity; she suspected the failures were linked to her dark skin and complained to the Institute in July 2022. In an interim ruling of 7 December 2022 the Institute found sufficient indications for a presumption of discrimination. In its final ruling of 17 October 2023 it found that the university had proved it had not discriminated against her by using Proctorio: on the exam where her setup took longer than average (31 March 2021), the webcam check failed three times and she passed within eight seconds after the helpdesk advised her to remove her glasses, a known Proctorio problem the Institute treated as unrelated to skin colour; a restart during that exam was very likely caused by an unstable internet connection; and it considered it plausible that she had no need to keep a lamp shining in her face for long periods. It found that the university had discriminated in handling her complaint, which took from 1 October 2021 to 11 May 2022 to be taken up. The university apologised that she had not felt heard.","incidentDate":"2020-01-01","incidentEndDate":"2021-05-26","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2022-07-15","aiSystem":"Proctorio online proctoring software used for some VU Amsterdam exams in 2020/21; according to the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights it used face-detection algorithms, at least during the pre-exam verification process, to judge whether a student was in view","aiProduct":"Proctorio","aiCompany":"Proctorio","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The student says repeated face-detection failures at the exam webcam check cost her time, led her to shine a lamp into her face during exams and caused her stress and a feeling of insecurity. The Institute documented one exam where three failed checks delayed her start by about a minute against the average, but found she had no more problems than other students and that the problems were not linked to her skin colour.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"disputed","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One student, the complainant, who used the software herself. The Racism and Technology Center's fear, reported by NOS, that thousands of students with dark skin had problems is not a count.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://oordelen.mensenrechten.nl/oordeel/2023-111","primarySourceLabel":"Netherlands Institute for Human Rights, ruling 2023-111 on VU Amsterdam's use of Proctorio, 17 October 2023","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-28T03:05:48.901494+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-28T03:05:48.901494+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["proctorio","online-proctoring","face-detection","exam","university","netherlands","equality-body","complaint-handling"]},{"id":"2024-indonesia-deepfake-videos-of-president-prabowo-offering-aid-administrative-fee-fraud-two-arrests","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Tersangka AMA membuat video yang memanfaatkan teknologi deepfake mengatasnamakan pejabat negara dalam bentuk video dengan isi konten penawaran bantuan pemerintah kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan'; 'Setelah itu korban diminta untuk mentransfer sejumlah uang dengan alasan biaya administrasi dan kemudian akan terus dijanjikan pencairan dana oleh tersangka hingga korban mentransfer kembali walaupun sebenarnya dana bantuan tersebut tidak pernah ada'; 'Polisi kemudian menangkap pria inisial AMA, berusia 29 tahun, di Lampung, pada 16 Januari 2025'; 'Pelaku mendapat Rp 30 juta dalam empat bulan'; 'Polisi telah mendata 11 orang yang menjadi korban video tipu-tipu itu'; 'Bisa mulai dari Rp 250.000, Rp 500.000, Rp 700.000, sampai dengan Rp 1 juta'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'AMA ditangkap pada 16 Januari 2025. Modus operandinya adalah video deepfake yang mencatut Presiden Prabowo itu memberi penawaran bantuan pemerintah'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Police (Bareskrim's cyber crime directorate) said at a 23 January 2025 press conference that a 29-year-old man arrested in Lampung on 16 January 2025 had made and spread, on several social media platforms, deepfake videos in the name of state officials, including President Prabowo Subianto, offering government aid; viewers who contacted the number shown were asked to transfer money as an 'administrative fee' and were promised disbursement of aid that never existed. Police said he had made about Rp 30 million in four months. Police said they had recorded 11 victims from five provinces, with individual losses of Rp 250,000 to Rp 1 million and about Rp 30 million in total.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the first suspect, relayed by detikNews; the suspect has not been tried and no court record was inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Mengunggah dan menyebarluaskan video di platform media sosial Instagram memanfaatkan teknologi deepfake menggunakan foto dan suara menyerupai bapak Presiden Prabowo Subianto dan Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani'; 'Dia menyebut JS menyertakan nomor WA-nya. Dia mengatakan JS melakukan penipuan kepada orang-orang yang menghubunginya lewat WA setelah menonton video itu'; 'sejak bulan Desember (2024) tersangka telah meraup keuntungan kurang lebih Rp 65 juta. Korbannya kurang lebih 100 orang berasal dari 20 provinsi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Himawan menjelaskan keuntungan ini didapat JS dari 100 korban yang melihat video palsu miliknya menampilkan Presiden Prabowo seolah-olah akan memberikan bansos kepada masyarakat. Seratusan korban JS ini tertipu dengan mentransfer uang ke nomor rekening yang diberikan JS agar dapat memperoleh bansos'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'Pada tanggal 4 Februari 2025, penyidik Direktorat Tindak Pidana Siber Bareskrim Polri berhasil mengamankan tersangka berinisial JS, 25 tahun'; 'JS mengunduh video dari akun orang lain dengan kata kunci 'Prabowo give away''","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'Police arrested a suspect who pocketed Rp 65 rupiah ($4,000) from the scam, Brig. Gen. Himawan Bayu Aji, director of the National Police Cyber Crime Unit told reporters in February'","relation":"context","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Police said at a 7 February 2025 press conference that a second suspect, a 25-year-old arrested on 4 February 2025 in Lampung province, downloaded deepfake videos showing a face and voice resembling President Prabowo and Finance Minister Sri Mulyani, uploaded them to an Instagram account the suspect ran with a WhatsApp number attached, and asked people who contacted the number after watching to transfer 'administrative fees' for aid that never existed; police put the suspect's victims at roughly 100 people from 20 provinces and the suspect's proceeds since December 2024 at roughly Rp 65 million.","causal_attribution":"Police account relayed by detikNews and AFP; the roughly 100 and 20 provinces figures are police approximations ('kurang lebih'), not a documented minimum. The AFP text gives the proceeds as 'Rp 65 rupiah', an evident omission of 'million'."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Bahwa hasil analisa dengan menggunakan software video forensik metode deepfake face detection, pada video tersebut terdapat adanya deepfake face dengan nilai hampir 100% fake'; 'deepfake didapat nilai GANN Generative Adversarial Neural Network dengan score gun 1.00. Dari hasil analisa error level analysis, terdapat adanya penggabungan frame berupa tulisan dan gambar yang dijadikan satu dalam satu video yang menandakan adanya proses editing'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Police said the Bareskrim digital forensic laboratory analysed the video and found a deepfake face with a detection score of nearly 100% fake, a generative adversarial network detection score of 1.00, and frames of text and images combined through editing.","causal_attribution":"The laboratory result is known only through the police statement at the press conference; the laboratory report itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'\"Who hasn't received aid from me? What are your needs right now?\" Prabowo appears to ask viewers in the clip posted in November'; 'Those ensnared by the message were asked to contact a WhatsApp number and hand over between Rp 250,000 and Rp 1 million ($15-$60) as an \"administrative fee\" to get aid that never materialised'; 'AFP's fact-checkers found the account behind the Prabowo clip has posted dozens of similar videos appearing to show various high-profile figures, including Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'Bisa mulai dari Rp 250.000, Rp 500.000, Rp 700.000, sampai dengan Rp 1 juta'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"AFP reported that a clip posted in November on Instagram showed President Prabowo appearing to ask viewers 'Who hasn't received aid from me? What are your needs right now?', that those drawn in were told to contact a WhatsApp number and pay Rp 250,000 to Rp 1 million as an 'administrative fee', and that AFP's fact-checkers found the account behind the clip had posted dozens of similar videos of other high-profile figures, including Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka, promoting the bogus aid.","causal_attribution":"AFP's own observation of the clip and account; the article does not say whether this account is one of the two run by the arrested suspects. The Rp 250,000 to Rp 1 million range is also the police's own figure for the first suspect's victims (detikNews, 24 January 2025)."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'AMA dilaksanakan tahap 2 di kantor Kejaksaan Negeri Lampung Tengah, Provinsi Lampung pada hari selasa tanggal 15 April 2025. Sedangkan tersangka inisial JS dilaksanakan tahap 2 di kantor Kejaksaan Negeri Pekalongan Kota pada hari Senin tanggal 28 April 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'telah dilakukannya tahap II kepada Kejari Lampung Tengah untuk pelaku atas nama A.M.A'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Police said in April 2025 that the investigation of both suspects was complete and the suspects and evidence were handed to prosecutors: the first suspect to the Central Lampung district prosecutor on 15 April 2025 and the second to the Pekalongan city district prosecutor on 28 April 2025.","causal_attribution":"Police statements relayed by detikNews; no prosecution or court record was inspected and no trial outcome is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"viewers who believed deepfake videos of the president offering aid transferred money as 'administrative fees' for aid that never existed","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7747352/5-fakta-sindikat-deepfake-catut-prabowo-dibongkar-bareskrim-polri","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 24 January 2025, relaying the Bareskrim cyber directorate press conference of 23 January 2025 on the first arrest; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7767736/pelaku-deepfake-catut-prabowo-beroperasi-sejak-2024-sudah-tipu-100-orang","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 7 February 2025, relaying the Bareskrim press conference of 7 February 2025 on the second arrest; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7767817/bareskrim-lakukan-analisis-forensik-deepfake-catut-prabowo-100-palsu","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 7 February 2025, relaying the police account of the digital forensic laboratory analysis; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7768029/pelaku-deepfake-catut-presiden-prabowo-raup-untung-hingga-rp-65-juta","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 7 February 2025, relaying the police figures on victims and proceeds; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7768567/fakta-fakta-bareskrim-kembali-tangkap-pelaku-deepfake-catut-prabowo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 8 February 2025, summary of both arrests from the two police press conferences; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2025/03/03/victims-swindled-by-scams-using-president-prabowo-deepfakes.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09; no translation was involved and no human reviewer read the article. The Jakarta Post, 3 March 2025, carrying an AFP report that describes the November clip, relays the February police figures and reports AFP Fact Check findings about the posting account; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"afp-report-and-fact-check-2025-03-02"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7883615/bareskrim-limpahkan-berkas-2-tersangka-deepfake-catut-prabowo-ke-kejaksaan","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 24 April 2025, relaying a written police statement on the handover of the case files to prosecutors; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7893748/2-tersangka-deepfake-catut-prabowo-segera-diadili","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Indonesian-language article read by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09 and translated by it for this record; no human translator or reviewer read the article. detikNews, 30 April 2025, relaying the police statement on the completed handover of both suspects to prosecutors; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"bareskrim-polri-cyber-directorate-statements-2025"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","public_services","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The exact number of people who paid and the amount each paid; police gave approximate totals only.","When the first deepfake video of President Prabowo was posted; AFP describes a clip posted in November (2024) and police say the second suspect operated since 2024, while the first suspect is said to have defrauded people since 2020 (not necessarily with videos of the president). Police also said the first suspect made about Rp 30 million 'in four months' (detikNews, 24 January 2025), which, if counted back from his 16 January 2025 arrest, reaches about September 2024; the bodies do not say which months.","Whether the account AFP examined belongs to either arrested suspect.","Whether the person police said prepared or edited the first suspect's videos, wanted as of 23 January 2025, was arrested.","AFP (carried by The Jakarta Post, 3 March 2025) described the second arrested person as 'involved in another scam that also used deepfake technology', while police described the second arrest as a development of the first case ('pengembangan dari kasus sebelumnya', detikNews 7 February 2025); whether the two suspects' videos were connected is not established.","The deepfake tool or service used.","The outcome of the prosecutions."],"geography":{"basis":"The suspects were arrested in Lampung province, Indonesia; police said the videos were uploaded to Instagram, that they had recorded 11 victims of the first suspect from five Indonesian provinces, and that the second suspect's victims came from 20 Indonesian provinces, most from East Java, Central Java and Papua (detikNews, 24 January and 7 February 2025, relaying Bareskrim). The case was handed to Indonesian district prosecutors, but no court proceeding is reported, so court_countries is left empty.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["ID"],"affected_person_countries":["ID"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a police-reported bounded series: Indonesia's national police described, at two press conferences and in later statements relayed by detikNews, deepfake videos of the president and other officials offering aid, the forensic finding that the video was a deepfake, the 'administrative fee' demands and the approximate proceeds and victim figures; AFP separately described a clip and the posting account. All claims are attributed to the police or AFP, counts are left unquantified, the suspects are not named, and no victim is identified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-09"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Police said the suspects made or spread videos produced with deepfake technology using a face and voice resembling President Prabowo Subianto and other officials, in which the figure offers government aid; AFP described one such clip in which the president appears to ask viewers who has not yet received aid from him. Police said the Bareskrim digital forensic laboratory found a deepfake face in the video with a score of nearly 100% fake and frames combined through editing. The videos impersonated the officials toward the viewers (depicted_or_impersonated) and addressed them directly as a speaking persona (communicated_with), and police connect them to the harm: viewers who contacted the attached number paid 'administrative fees' for aid that never existed. The tool used is not identified, the forensic report itself was not inspected, and the charges have not been tested at trial.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated","communicated_with"]},"name":"Indonesia: police say deepfake videos of President Prabowo offering aid led viewers to pay fake 'administrative fees'; two suspects arrested in early 2025","summary":"Indonesian police say a 29-year-old man and a 25-year-old in Lampung province made or spread AI deepfake videos showing President Prabowo Subianto, Finance Minister Sri Mulyani and other officials offering government aid, with a WhatsApp number attached. According to police, viewers who contacted the number were asked to transfer an 'administrative fee' and promised a disbursement that never existed; police recorded 11 victims of the first suspect from five provinces, and the second suspect alone is said by police to have taken roughly Rp 65 million from roughly 100 people in 20 provinces since December 2024. A police forensic laboratory reported the video as a deepfake with a near-100% fake score. The suspects were arrested on 16 January and 4 February 2025 and handed to prosecutors in April 2025.","incidentDate":"2024-11-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-02-04","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-01-24","aiSystem":"Deepfake video tool, not identified, which police say was used to make videos with a face and voice resembling President Prabowo Subianto and other officials offering government aid; a Bareskrim forensic laboratory reported a deepfake face-detection score of nearly 100% fake","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Police say viewers who believed the deepfake videos paid 'administrative fees' for aid that never existed; police put the second suspect's proceeds at roughly Rp 65 million from roughly 100 people and the first suspect's at about Rp 30 million in four months.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":11,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Police said on 23 January 2025 that they had recorded 11 victims of the first suspect's videos, from Central Java, East Java, South Sumatra, Southeast Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi, with individual losses from Rp 250,000 to Rp 1 million and about Rp 30 million in total (detikNews, 24 January 2025); that recorded count is the minimum. For the second suspect police gave only an approximation ('kurang lebih 100 orang', about 100 people), which is not a documented minimum and is left unquantified. The victims were deceived by videos made or spread by others, so none is counted as a direct AI user.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"ID","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7767736/pelaku-deepfake-catut-prabowo-beroperasi-sejak-2024-sudah-tipu-100-orang","primarySourceLabel":"detikNews, 7 February 2025: police say the second deepfake suspect operated since 2024 and deceived about 100 people","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-09T03:36:41.306212+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-09T03:36:41.306212+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","impersonation","fraud","government_aid","instagram","whatsapp","criminal_charges","indonesia"]}]}