{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T08:57:01.472Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"eu","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"unknown","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":25,"coverage":{"cases":25,"countries":8,"languages":9,"unknownLocation":13,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":25,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":10,"minors":2,"coreRelations":25,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":1,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-udmurtia-entrepreneur-fined-by-russian-intellectual-property-court-over-ai-invented-case-law","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Суд установил, что часть из приведенных предпринимателем в тексте кассационной жалобы 12 ссылок на судебную практику, в том числе одна якобы на правовую позицию, изложенную в определении Верховного суда РФ, относилась к несуществующим судебным актам либо содержала приписанные им выводы; наложил на предпринимателя судебный штраф в размере 5 тысяч рублей","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Суд по интеллектуальным правам оштрафовал на пять тысяч рублей индивидуального предпринимателя из Удмуртии, который сослался в своей жалобе на несуществующую практику.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Court for Intellectual Property Rights found that part of the 12 case-law references in the entrepreneur's cassation appeal, including one said to be a position of the Supreme Court of Russia, referred to non-existent court acts or attributed conclusions to them, and imposed a court fine of 5,000 roubles.","causal_attribution":"The court's findings as relayed by its press service and by Rossiyskaya Gazeta; the ruling itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Бизнесмен пояснил, что при подготовке кассационной жалобы использовал сервис, работающий на основе искусственного интеллекта.; Именно нейросеть подобрала судебную практику","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"несуществующую судебную практику, сгенерированную сервисами искусственного интеллекта","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The entrepreneur explained that he had prepared the cassation appeal with an AI-based service, which selected the case law he cited.","causal_attribution":"His own explanation to the court, reported by Rossiyskaya Gazeta; the press service describes the case law as generated by AI services."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Защита предпринимателя заявила, что у него нет юридического образования, поэтому он не мог самостоятельно оценить корректность ссылок.; Оправдаться не получилось.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"представитель заявителя жалобы уверял, что допущенные им неточности и технические ошибки вследствие использования сервисов искусственного интеллекта не свидетельствуют о неуважении к суду; СИП критически оценил аргументы заявителя","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"His side argued that he had no legal education and could not check the references, and that the inaccuracies were technical errors caused by using AI services rather than contempt of court; the court rejected these arguments.","causal_attribution":"The appellant's defence and the court's rejection, as reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"fined 5,000 roubles for contempt of court over AI-invented case law in his appeal","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://1prime.ru/20260827/biznesmen-872750520.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Read in Russian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-23 (HTTP 200) and translated by that agent; no human translator or reviewer read it. PRIME (RIA Novosti group) report of 27 Aug 2026 quoting the court's press service (bodies/ru-prime-sip.html/.txt).","independence_group":"sip-press-service-ria"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://rg.ru/2026/09/01/nejroset-podvela.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Read in Russian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-23 (HTTP 200) and translated by that agent; no human translator or reviewer read it. Rossiyskaya Gazeta report of 1 Sep 2026 that quotes the court's ruling and describes the parties' explanations (bodies/ru-rg-neiroset.html/.txt).","independence_group":"rg-sip-ruling"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["The date of the ruling; it was reported on 27 August 2026.","Which AI service was used and what it produced beyond the citations described.","Whether the fine was appealed."],"geography":{"basis":"The recorded events are court events in Russia: the appeal was filed with, and the fine imposed by, Russia's Court for Intellectual Property Rights (PRIME; Rossiyskaya Gazeta). Both reports describe the entrepreneur as being from Udmurtia, a Russian region.","court_countries":["RU"],"event_countries":["RU"],"affected_person_countries":["RU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with, with informed_decision_about): by his own account an AI-based service selected case law for an entrepreneur's cassation appeal, part of it did not exist, and the court fined him 5,000 roubles, as reported from the court's press service and the ruling.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"By the entrepreneur's own explanation to the court, an AI-based service selected the case law in his cassation appeal, and PRIME (RIA Novosti), reporting the court's press service, describes that case law as generated by AI services; the court's own findings as quoted do not mention AI. The court found that part of the references pointed to court acts that do not exist or misstated them, and fined him for it. The AI service is not named, and its output was read only as described in the reports.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Russian intellectual property court fined an Udmurtia entrepreneur 5,000 roubles over non-existent case law he said an AI service selected, reports say","summary":"Russia's Court for Intellectual Property Rights fined an individual entrepreneur from Udmurtia 5,000 roubles for contempt of court after finding that part of the 12 references to case law in his cassation appeal, including one said to be a Supreme Court position, pointed to court acts that do not exist or attributed conclusions to them, the court's press service told RIA Novosti on 27 August 2026. Rossiyskaya Gazeta reports that the entrepreneur explained he had prepared the appeal with an AI-based service that selected the case law, and that his side argued he had no legal education and could not check the references; the court rejected the argument that the errors were technical. The date of the ruling and the AI service are not reported.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-27","aiSystem":"An AI-based service, not named in the reports, that the entrepreneur said selected the case law for his cassation appeal","aiProduct":"Unidentified legal research tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"An entrepreneur was fined 5,000 roubles for contempt of court after his cassation appeal cited non-existent case law that, by his account, an AI-based service had selected.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the entrepreneur who used the AI service and was fined (court press service; Rossiyskaya Gazeta).","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"RU","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://1prime.ru/20260827/biznesmen-872750520.html","primarySourceLabel":"PRIME (RIA Novosti), 27 Aug 2026: court fines businessman over fake case law generated by AI","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-23T03:20:50.098873+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-23T03:20:50.098873+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["hallucinated-citations","court-filing","court-fine","russia","own-use","russian-language"]},{"id":"2025-limassol-cyprus-court-convicts-two-pupils-who-used-ai-apps-to-make-pornographic-images-of-classmates-and-a-teacher","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Σύμφωνα με το Δικαστήριο, οι μαθητές χρησιμοποίησαν εφαρμογές τεχνητής νοημοσύνης και έφτιαξαν φωτογραφίες πορνογραφικού περιεχομένου, στις οποίες τοποθέτησαν τα πρόσωπα συμμαθητών τους αλλά και ενός εκπαιδευτικού, σε σκανδαλώδες υλικό.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the court, two lyceum pupils used artificial intelligence applications to make photographs with pornographic content onto which they placed the faces of classmates and of a teacher.","causal_attribution":"The court's finding as relayed by one outlet; the judgment itself was not read."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Οι φωτογραφίες κυκλοφόρησαν σε ομάδες συνομηλίκων τους, προκαλώντας σάλο εντός της σχολικής μονάδας κι έντονη αναστάτωση σε γονείς και καθηγητές.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The photographs circulated in groups of the pupils' peers, causing an uproar in the school and strong distress among parents and teachers.","causal_attribution":"Outlet's account."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Το Δικαστήριο επέβαλε ποινές φυλάκισης 12 και 9 μηνών, με τριετή αναστολή. Οι ανήλικοι τέθηκαν υπό αυστηρή επιτήρηση και διατάχθηκε όπως εκτελέσουν 120 ώρες κοινοτικής εργασίας. ... Το σοβαρό συμβάν καταγγέλθηκε τον περασμένο Νοέμβριο.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court imposed prison sentences of 12 and 9 months suspended for three years, placed the minors under strict supervision and ordered 120 hours of community service; the incident had been reported the previous November.","causal_attribution":"Outlet's report of the sentence; the judgment was not read."}],"effects":[{"label":"classmates' and a teacher's faces placed in AI-made pornographic images circulated among pupils; distress at the school","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.alphanews.live/cyprus/katadikastikan-dyo-mathites-sti-lemeso-pou-eftiaxan-asemnes-eikones-me-ai/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"el","translation_note":"Read in Greek by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-22 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Alphanews.live report of 21 Mar 2026; direct fetch blocked by a Cloudflare challenge (403), read in full from an Internet Archive capture (web.archive.org/web/2026id_/).","independence_group":"alphanews-limassol-court-mar-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy"],"unknowns":["Which court decided the case, under which offences, and on what date.","Which AI applications were used and when the images were made.","How many classmates were depicted and how they were affected."],"geography":{"basis":"The report places the convicted pupils at a lyceum in Limassol, Cyprus, and describes the images circulating among their peers and causing an uproar within the school, so the event country and the depicted classmates' and teacher's country are Cyprus. The court that convicted the Limassol pupils and sentenced them to suspended terms is reported by the Cypriot outlet as a domestic conviction; it is not named.","court_countries":["CY"],"event_countries":["CY"],"affected_person_countries":["CY"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): according to the court, as reported by Alphanews.live, two pupils used AI applications to place the faces of classmates and a teacher into pornographic images that circulated among their peers, and the court convicted and sentenced them.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Alphanews.live reports the court's finding that the two pupils used artificial intelligence applications to make pornographic photographs onto which they placed the faces of classmates and a teacher; those AI-made images are what circulated among their peers. The court examined the case and convicted them; the applications and the court's technical evidence are not described in the report.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Limassol, Cyprus: court convicts two lyceum pupils who it found used AI apps to put classmates' and a teacher's faces into pornographic images","summary":"Alphanews.live reported on 21 March 2026 that a court had convicted two lyceum pupils in Limassol, Cyprus, who, according to the court, used artificial intelligence applications to make pornographic photographs onto which they placed the faces of classmates and of a teacher. The images circulated in groups of their peers, causing an uproar at the school and strong distress among parents and teachers. The incident was reported the previous November. The court imposed prison sentences of 12 and 9 months, suspended for three years, placed the minors under strict supervision and ordered 120 hours of community service.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-03-21","aiSystem":"Artificial intelligence applications used to make pornographic photographs carrying the faces of real classmates and a teacher, according to the court as reported by Alphanews.live (applications not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the court as reported by Alphanews.live, two pupils used AI applications to place the faces of classmates and a teacher into pornographic photographs that circulated among their peers; the outlet reports an uproar at the school and strong distress among parents and teachers.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One teacher whose face was placed in the images (court account relayed by Alphanews.live). Classmates were also depicted but their number is not reported, so they remain unquantified.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CY","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.alphanews.live/cyprus/katadikastikan-dyo-mathites-sti-lemeso-pou-eftiaxan-asemnes-eikones-me-ai/","primarySourceLabel":"Alphanews.live, 21 Mar 2026: Καταδικάστηκαν δύο μαθητές στη Λεμεσό που έφτιαξαν άσεμνες εικόνες με AI","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:10:52.840394+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:10:52.840394+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai_image_tool","sexualised_images","school","minors","conviction","cyprus"]},{"id":"2026-staffordshire-man-jailed-after-police-say-he-used-ai-to-make-indecent-images-of-women-and-a-girl-posted-on-telegram","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A man used artificial intelligence (AI) platforms to create indecent images of women and girls, Staffordshire Police said.' ... 'posted a series of AI-generated pornographic images on closed Telegram groups.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Staffordshire Police say the defendant had posted a series of pornographic and indecent images of women and a girl on 'closed' Telegram groups that had been run through AI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Staffordshire Police said the man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted a series of AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups; The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI.","causal_attribution":"Staffordshire Police's account as relayed by BBC News and The Sentinel (one police chain); the platforms are not named and the technical basis of the AI finding is not described."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he called for the women depicted in the images to be raped and assaulted, investigators found.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'he called for the women depicted in the images to be raped and'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Investigators found that in some captions he called for the women depicted in the images to be raped and assaulted.","causal_attribution":"Investigators' finding as relayed by BBC News and the Daily Express (one police chain)."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'We turned up at his home and arrested him after the images were reported to us.' ... 'after admitting the offences on 27 August.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'He was jailed for two years and two months after pleading guilty at Stafford Crown Court on 27 August.' ... 'He was charged with eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one count of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child. He admitted all of the charges.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After the images were reported, police arrested him at his home and seized his devices; he admitted eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one count of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child, and was jailed for two years and two months after pleading guilty at Stafford Crown Court on 27 August 2026.","causal_attribution":"Police statement and court outcome as reported by BBC News and the Daily Express."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'This type of crime can have a profound impact on victims'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The investigating officer said this type of crime can have a profound impact on victims.","causal_attribution":"The investigating officer's general statement about this type of crime, quoted by BBC News."}],"effects":[{"label":"depicted in AI-generated pornographic images posted in closed Telegram groups","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"captions called for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyvzn1zvz10o","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). BBC News report of 9 September 2026 attributing the account to Staffordshire Police.","independence_group":"staffordshire-police-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.msn.com/en-gb/crime/general/pervert-used-ai-to-make-indecent-images-of-women/ar-AA2c0JJ4","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 through the MSN syndication copy (HTTP 200). The Sentinel report of 11 September 2026 paraphrasing Staffordshire Police.","independence_group":"staffordshire-police-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/other/pervert-creates-indecent-ai-images-of-women-and-girls-posts-them-on-social-media/ar-AA2bXu8A","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 through the MSN syndication copy (HTTP 200). Daily Express report of 10 September 2026 quoting a Staffordshire Police statement.","independence_group":"staffordshire-police-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["How many women and girls were depicted, and whether they were identified or told.","Whether the women and girl depicted are real, identifiable people: The Sentinel reports the police account as images that had been run through AI, and police refer to victims, but no source says a depicted person was identified.","How the images of the people depicted were obtained and which AI platforms were used.","When the images were posted.","The date of sentencing (the reports give the plea date and the sentence)."],"geography":{"basis":"Staffordshire Police arrested the man at his home in Staffordshire and the case was heard at Stafford Crown Court (all three sources), so the event and court country is GB. The sources do not say where the depicted people live, so affected_person_countries is empty.","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the investigating police force says the man used AI platforms to create indecent images of women and girls that he posted in closed Telegram groups, with captions calling for the women depicted to be raped, and The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl run through AI; he pleaded guilty and was jailed. The people depicted are not named or counted, and the convicted man is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Staffordshire Police, which investigated and charged the case, said the man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted the AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups (BBC). The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI. The images depict the women and girl (depicted_or_impersonated). The platforms are not named and the technical basis of the police finding is not described beyond the seized devices and the guilty plea.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Staffordshire: man jailed after police say he used AI platforms to make indecent images of women and a girl and posted them in Telegram groups","summary":"Staffordshire Police said a man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted a series of the AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups, as reported by BBC News, the Daily Express and The Sentinel. Investigators found that in some captions he called for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted. The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI. He was arrested after the images were reported to police, pleaded guilty at Stafford Crown Court to eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child, and was jailed for two years and two months. No source names or counts the people depicted.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-09","aiSystem":"Artificial intelligence platforms used to create indecent images, according to Staffordshire Police (platforms not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Staffordshire Police as reported by three outlets, AI-generated pornographic images of women and a girl were posted in closed Telegram groups, some captioned with calls for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"Unquantified: the sources describe the people depicted only as women and girls (BBC) or women and a girl (The Sentinel), with no count, so no minimum is recorded. The convicted man is not counted as harmed.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"GB-ENG","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyvzn1zvz10o","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News, 9 September 2026: Man who created indecent AI images of girls jailed","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:10:18.448466+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:10:18.448466+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-images","telegram","obscene-publications","pseudo-photograph","crown-court","staffordshire","guilty-plea","sentencing"]},{"id":"2026-jewish-autonomous-region-police-say-scammers-cloned-mans-voice-from-old-voice-messages-to-ask-contacts-for-money","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Злоумышленники используют комбинированную аферу: взламывают аккаунты в мессенджерах, удаляют историю переписки, а затем обзванивают контакты жертвы, используя нейросети для клонирования голоса'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Они взламывают аккаунты в мессенджерах, удаляют историю переписки, а затем обзванивают контакты жертвы, используя нейросети для клонирования голоса'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The regional police say residents increasingly report a scam in which messenger accounts are hacked, the chat history deleted, and the victim's contacts called using neural networks to clone the victim's voice.","causal_attribution":"The police's general description of the scheme; the relay repeats the same release."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Потерпевший перешел по ней и отдал голос. Позже выяснилось, что ее аккаунт был взломан, а диалог удален.'; 'Используя технологию клонирования голоса на основе ранее записанных голосовых сообщений, они имитировали его речь.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'с помощью технологии клонирования голоса на основе старых аудиосообщений начали обзванивать его контакты'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the police, after the man followed a voting link from an acquaintance's hacked account, the scammers gained access to his accounts, called his contacts and imitated his speech using voice-cloning technology based on his earlier recorded voice messages.","causal_attribution":"The investigating police attribute the imitation to voice cloning; they do not disclose how they established it or name a tool."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'В результате злоумышленникам удалось ввести в заблуждение семерых знакомых мужчины. Один из них перевел злоумышленникам денежные средства в сумме 15 225 рублей.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The police say seven of the man's acquaintances were misled and one of them transferred 15,225 roubles to the scammers.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the consequence; the relay rounds the sum to 15 thousand roubles."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'злоумышленники получили доступ к учетной записи гражданина на портале «Госуслуги»'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The police say the scammers also gained access to the man's account on the Gosuslugi state services portal.","causal_attribution":"Police account; the account takeover followed the hacked link and is not attributed to the cloned voice."}],"effects":[{"label":"acquaintance transferred 15,225 roubles after a call imitating the man's cloned voice (police account)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"man's messenger and state-services accounts taken over and his voice imitated to his contacts (police account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://79.xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/news/item/100383776/","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Read in Russian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Press release of the Ministry of Internal Affairs directorate for the Jewish Autonomous Region (79.mvd.rf, HTTP 200), shown as 'Сегодня 08:55' when fetched at about 13:00 local time on 21 October 2026.","independence_group":"umvd-jewish-autonomous-region-21-oct-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://vremya-bir.ru/2026/10/21/moshenniki-kloniruyut-golosa-zhitelej-eao/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ru","translation_note":"Read in Russian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Vremya Birobidzhana, 21 October 2026 10:00 (HTTP 200), which says the account came from the regional police press service; it relays the same release and is the same source group.","independence_group":"umvd-jewish-autonomous-region-21-oct-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","privacy"],"unknowns":["When the account takeover and the calls happened; the release gives no date.","How the police established that a cloned voice was used, and which tool.","Whether a criminal case was opened, whether the money was recovered and whether anyone was identified."],"geography":{"basis":"The regional police of the Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia, describe the man as a resident of Birobidzhan, so his country is Russia; residence does not locate the calls, and the release does not say where he or his acquaintances were when they were made, so no event country is recorded. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["RU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the investigating regional police say scammers imitated a man's voice with voice-cloning technology built from his old voice messages to ask his contacts for money, and one paid 15,225 roubles. The technical basis of the police attribution is undisclosed. No name, age or business appears in the public record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-21"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The investigating regional police say the scammers imitated the man's speech using voice-cloning technology based on voice messages he had recorded earlier, and that with these calls they misled seven of his acquaintances, one of whom transferred 15,225 roubles. The cloned voice that impersonated him toward his contacts is the AI output connected to the loss. The police do not disclose how they established the voice cloning or name the tool.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia: police say scammers cloned a man's voice from old voice messages to ask his contacts for money; one paid 15,225 roubles","summary":"The Ministry of Internal Affairs directorate for Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region said on 21 October 2026 that residents increasingly report a combined scam in which messenger accounts are hacked, the chat history deleted, and the victim's contacts called with a voice cloned by neural networks. In the case it describes, a man in Birobidzhan followed a voting link sent from an acquaintance's hacked account. The scammers then gained access to his accounts and called his contacts; according to the police, they imitated his speech using voice-cloning technology based on his previously recorded voice messages. Seven of his acquaintances were misled and one transferred 15,225 roubles. The scammers also gained access to his account on the Gosuslugi state services portal. The police do not say how they established that a cloned voice was used, name a tool, or date the events.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-21","aiSystem":"Voice-cloning technology based on the man's previously recorded voice messages, used by scammers to imitate his speech in calls to his contacts, as the regional police describe it (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the regional police, scammers imitated a hacked messenger user's voice with voice-cloning technology to ask his contacts for money; seven were misled and one transferred 15,225 roubles, and the scammers also took over his state-services account.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people: the man whose accounts were taken over and whose voice was imitated, and the acquaintance who transferred 15,225 roubles (police release). The other six acquaintances are described only as misled, with no loss reported, and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"RU","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://79.xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/news/item/100383776/","primarySourceLabel":"UMVD for the Jewish Autonomous Region (press release), 21 Oct 2026: scammers clone residents' voices and steal money through hacked chats","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-21T03:05:36.032809+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-21T03:05:36.032809+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice_clone","fraud","account_takeover","messenger","police_statement","russia"]},{"id":"2024-dithmarschen-police-say-older-couple-lost-several-thousand-euros-after-ai-made-interview-with-actor-promoted-investment","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Aktuell liegen der Heider Kripo zwei Fälle vor, in denen Senioren auf Fake-Seiten im Internet reingefallen sind.' ... 'In einem zweiten Fall war es ein scheinbar echter Schauspieler, der in einem täuschend realen Interview ebenfalls zu einer Geldanlage riet.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Itzehoe police say the Heide criminal police had two cases in which older people fell for fake websites where supposedly genuine celebrities promoted investments; in the second, a seemingly genuine actor recommended an investment in a deceptively real interview.","causal_attribution":"The police's account of the two cases."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Beide Prominente hatten tatsächlich nichts mit Werbung für Geldanlagen zu tun' ... 'Das Interview mit dem Schauspieler war mittels künstlicher Intelligenz erstellt und der Artikel war frei erfunden.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The police say the interview with the actor was created with artificial intelligence and that neither celebrity had anything to do with investment advertising.","causal_attribution":"Attribution by the investigating police; the technical basis is not disclosed."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Auf den Webseiten waren Links verbaut, die die Betroffenen schließlich zu einer vermeintlichen Trading-Plattform leiteten.' ... 'Dort gaben die Rentnerin und das geschädigte Ehepaar ihre Kontaktdaten an' ... 'über eine Fernwartungssoftware Zugang zu ihren Rechnern' ... 'das ältere Paar überwies einen weiteren Betrag in Höhe von mehreren tausend Euro.' ... 'Natürlich kam es zu keiner Auszahlung der angeblichen Gewinne und das investierte Geld war weg.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The police say links on the websites led the victims, a pensioner and a married couple, to a supposed trading platform; after giving the fraudsters remote access, the older couple transferred a further several thousand euros, no gains were paid and the money was lost.","causal_attribution":"Losses as reported by the police. Which victim saw which site is not stated explicitly; the other case is described as the fake article seen by the pensioner."}],"effects":[{"label":"older couple lost several thousand euros after a fake celebrity investment interview","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.presseportal.de/blaulicht/pm/52209/5735173","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Read in German by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-20 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Itzehoe police directorate press release on presseportal.de, 14 March 2024; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"itzehoe-police-14-mar-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance"],"unknowns":["Which actor the interview showed, whether it was video, audio or text, which tool made it and how the police established that it was AI-made.","When the couple saw the interview and made the payments; the release calls the cases current in March 2024.","The exact amount the couple lost and whether any money was recovered.","The release does not state in so many words that the couple's case is the actor interview; it follows from the two cases described."],"geography":{"basis":"The Itzehoe police describe cases handled by the Heide criminal police in the Dithmarschen district, Germany, involving local older people, so the affected people's country is Germany. The release does not say where the victims were when they saw the sites or paid, and the calls came from German mobile numbers and from Austria and Belgium, so no event country is recorded. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["DE"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Itzehoe police say an interview with an actor recommending an investment was created with AI and that an older couple lost several thousand euros on the trading platform the fake site led to. The technical basis and the actor are undisclosed. The event date is unknown; the id year is that of the March 2024 release, which calls the case current.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-20"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Itzehoe police say the deceptively real interview in which a seemingly genuine actor recommended an investment was created with artificial intelligence, and that links on the fake websites led the victims to the trading platform where the older couple lost several thousand euros. The generated impersonation of the actor is what promoted the investment, according to the police. The release does not disclose the tool, the actor or how the police established the AI origin, and it links the couple to the actor interview only by elimination (the pensioner's case is the fake article).","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Dithmarschen police say an older couple lost several thousand euros after an AI-made interview with an actor promoted an investment on a fake site","summary":"The Itzehoe police directorate reported on 14 March 2024 that the Heide criminal police were dealing with two cases in which older people fell for fake websites where supposedly genuine celebrities promoted investments. In one, a seemingly genuine actor recommended an investment in a deceptively real interview, which the police say was created with artificial intelligence. Links on the sites led the victims, a pensioner and an older married couple, to a supposed trading platform; after friendly callers gained remote access to their computers, the couple transferred several thousand euros on top of the first payment. No gains were paid and the money was lost. The other case, a fake news article, is not described as AI-made.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-03-14","aiSystem":"A deceptively real interview with a well-known actor promoting an investment, which the Itzehoe police say was created with artificial intelligence (tool, medium and actor not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Itzehoe police, an older married couple drawn by a fake interview in which an actor recommended an investment, an interview the police say was created with AI, transferred several thousand euros to a supposed trading platform and lost the money.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The married couple (two people) in the case of the AI-made actor interview (police release). The pensioner in the other case is not counted because her case is not described as AI-made; the depicted actor and newsreader are not named and no response from them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"DE","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.presseportal.de/blaulicht/pm/52209/5735173","primarySourceLabel":"Polizeidirektion Itzehoe (presseportal), 14 March 2024: Dithmarschen: Vorsicht vor Betrugsmasche","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-20T03:21:15.135271+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-20T03:21:15.135271+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["investment_fraud","fake_celebrity_interview","cybertrading","remote_access","germany"]},{"id":"2025-rhein-pfalz-district-police-say-older-man-sent-about-27000-euros-after-talk-show-video-presumably-generated-by-ai","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'hatte im Internet ein Video einer ZDF-Talkshow gesehen, indem große Börsengewinne über eine Kryptowährung versprochen wurde. Dieses Video wurde vermutlich über eine Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) generiert.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Ludwigshafen police say the man had seen a video online of a ZDF talk show in which large stock-market gains through a cryptocurrency were promised, and that the video was presumably generated by AI.","causal_attribution":"Presumptive attribution by the police; the technical basis and the people shown are not disclosed."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hierauf kontaktierte der Mann telefonisch einen angeblichen, persönlichen Finanzberater. Über einen Zeitraum von sechs Monaten überwies' ... 'dann ca. 27.000 Euro auf ausländische Konten.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The police say he then phoned a supposed personal financial adviser and over six months transferred about 27,000 euros to foreign accounts.","causal_attribution":"The police's account of the payments; the amount is approximate."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Verdacht schöpfte er, als er die Auszahlung der Kursgewinne einforderte und dies trotz mehrmaligem Nachfragen nicht erfolgte. Stattdessen wurde weitere Gebühren von dem Mann gefordert.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The police say he became suspicious when the gains were not paid out despite repeated requests and further fees were demanded instead.","causal_attribution":"Reported by the police."}],"effects":[{"label":"man transferred about 27,000 euros over six months after a fake talk-show video","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.presseportal.de/blaulicht/pm/117688/6005170","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Read in German by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-20 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Ludwigshafen police directorate press release on presseportal.de, 3 April 2025; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"ludwigshafen-police-3-apr-2025"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance"],"unknowns":["When he saw the video and when the six months of transfers began and ended.","Who appeared in the video, which tool made it and how the police reached the view that it was presumably AI-generated.","The platform used and whether any money was recovered."],"geography":{"basis":"The police describe the man as from the Rhein-Pfalz district, Germany, so the affected person's country is Germany. The release does not say where he saw the video or made the transfers, which went to foreign accounts, so no event country is recorded. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["DE"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Ludwigshafen police say an older man was drawn by a ZDF talk-show video promising crypto gains, which they say was presumably generated by AI, into transferring about 27,000 euros over six months. The technical basis and the people shown are undisclosed. The event dates are unknown; the id year is that of the April 2025 release.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-20"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Ludwigshafen police say the video of a ZDF talk show promising crypto gains that the man saw online was presumably generated by AI, and that after seeing it he phoned a supposed financial adviser and transferred about 27,000 euros over six months. The generated impersonation of a broadcaster's talk show is what drew him to the fraudsters, according to the police. Their wording is presumptive, and they do not disclose how they reached it, which tool was used or who appeared in the video.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Rhein-Pfalz district police say an older man sent about 27,000 euros after a talk-show video, presumably generated by AI, promised crypto gains","summary":"The Ludwigshafen police directorate reported on 3 April 2025 that an older man from the Rhein-Pfalz district had seen a video online of a talk show on the German broadcaster ZDF in which large stock-market gains through a cryptocurrency were promised. The police say the video was presumably generated by AI. He then phoned a supposed personal financial adviser and over six months transferred about 27,000 euros to foreign accounts. He became suspicious when the promised gains were not paid out despite repeated requests and further fees were demanded instead. The police do not say who appeared in the video or how they reached their view.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-04-03","aiSystem":"A video of a supposed ZDF talk show promising cryptocurrency gains that the Ludwigshafen police say was presumably generated by AI (tool and people shown not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool (suspected)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Ludwigshafen police, an older man who saw a talk-show video promising crypto gains, which they say was presumably generated by AI, contacted a supposed adviser and transferred about 27,000 euros to foreign accounts over six months without receiving any payout.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One man (police release). The people shown in the video are not identified and no response from them or the broadcaster is reported, so none is counted.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"DE","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.presseportal.de/blaulicht/pm/117688/6005170","primarySourceLabel":"Polizeidirektion Ludwigshafen (presseportal), 3 April 2025: Anlagebetrug - hoher Schaden","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-20T03:14:31.57525+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-20T03:14:31.57525+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["investment_fraud","fake_talk_show_video","crypto","germany"]},{"id":"2026-la-rioja-guardia-civil-ai-cloned-daughter-voice-call-transfer-of-9980-euros-recovered","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Al otro lado de la línea respondió una voz idéntica a la de su hija, lo que disipó cualquier sospecha y le llevó a transferir 9.980,25 euros.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'En la conversación, el remitente se hizo pasar por su hija y le manifestó que se encontraba en una situación de urgencia, solicitándole ayuda económica.'; 'La llamada fue respondida con una voz que aparentaba ser la de su hija, circunstancia que incrementó la credibilidad del engaño y llevó a la víctima a continuar con la operación solicitada.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'La víctima transfirió 9.980,25 euros'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the Guardia Civil, the victim received WhatsApp messages from someone posing as their daughter asking for urgent money, called the number to check, heard a voice that seemed to be the daughter's, and transferred 9,980.25 euros.","causal_attribution":"One origin (the Guardia Civil statement of 25 August 2026) relayed by three outlets."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'constató el uso de herramientas de IA para suplantar la identidad mediante la clonación de voz'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Durante el desarrollo de la investigación, los agentes pudieron constatar que la voz utilizada durante la llamada había sido generada mediante herramientas de inteligencia artificial'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Durante la investigación, los agentes constataron que la voz empleada durante la llamada había sido generada mediante herramientas de inteligencia artificial.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Guardia Civil investigators established that the voice used in the call had been generated with artificial-intelligence tools to impersonate the daughter.","causal_attribution":"The force's own investigative finding as relayed by three outlets; one origin. No technical evidence is published."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'la coordinación de urgencia con las entidades financieras permitió inmovilizar los fondos en la cuenta de destino y devolver el dinero a la víctima antes de que los estafadores se hicieran con él'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'permitió recuperar los 9.980,25 euros transferidos'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Urgent coordination with the banks froze the funds in the destination account and the full 9,980.25 euros were returned to the victim.","causal_attribution":"The Guardia Civil statement as relayed; one origin."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ha permitido identificar e investigar al presunto autor de los hechos'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'que han identificado e investigado al presunto autor de los hechos.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Radio Arnedo and ActualidadRiojaBaja report that the investigation identified and investigated the presumed perpetrator.","causal_attribution":"Two outlets relaying the same Guardia Civil statement (one origin); La Rioja's body does not mention the perpetrator."}],"effects":[{"label":"transferred 9,980.25 euros after a call in an AI clone of their daughter's voice (later recovered)","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.larioja.com/la-rioja/sucesos/clonan-voz-hija-ia-estafarle-10000-euros-20260825095405-nt.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in the original Spanish on 2026-10-11 (HTTP 200) by the research agent (an AI); English renderings in this record are the research agent's own translations and no human translator reviewed them. La Rioja newspaper report of 25 August 2026, 11:30, relaying the Guardia Civil statement.","independence_group":"guardia-civil-la-rioja-25-aug-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.radioarnedo.com/2026/08/noticias/la-guardia-civil-esclarece-una-estafa-del-familiar-en-apuros-que-tambien-se-ha-denunciado-en-arnedo-y-calahorra/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in the original Spanish on 2026-10-11 (HTTP 200) by the research agent (an AI); English renderings in this record are the research agent's own translations and no human translator reviewed them. Radio Arnedo report of 26 August 2026 relaying the same Guardia Civil statement ('Según ha explicado este martes 25 de agosto el Instituto Armad[o]'); same group as s1.","independence_group":"guardia-civil-la-rioja-25-aug-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.laopiniondezamora.es/sucesos/delitos-informaticos/2026/10/10/llamada-voz-hija-esconder-estafa-135215635.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in the original Spanish on 2026-10-11 (HTTP 200) by the research agent (an AI); English renderings in this record are the research agent's own translations and no human translator reviewed them. La Opinión de Zamora article of 10 October 2026 built on ESET advice; its summary of the La Rioja case derives from the same Guardia Civil account, so same group.","independence_group":"guardia-civil-la-rioja-25-aug-2026"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://actualidadriojabaja.com/identificado-en-la-rioja-el-presunto-autor-de-la-estafa-familiar-en-apuros-con-una-voz-clonada-por-ia/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in the original Spanish on 2026-10-11 (HTTP 200; body fetched by the nw1 lane of this sweep and re-read by the vc agent) by the research agent (an AI); English renderings in this record are the research agent's own translations and no human translator reviewed them. ActualidadRiojaBaja report dated 25 August 2026 relaying the same Guardia Civil statement; same group as s1-s3.","independence_group":"guardia-civil-la-rioja-25-aug-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When the messages and call happened (the statement was issued on 25 August 2026)","The victim's identity, gender and age","How the fraudsters obtained a sample of the daughter's voice and which tool they used","Whether the presumed perpetrator has been charged"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the Guardia Civil 'ha esclarecido en La Rioja' the case (s1), and its La Rioja investigators handled it (s2). Affected person: the victim's residence is not stated beyond the case being handled in La Rioja, so the affected-person country rests on the event location reported by the force. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["ES"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported case: the Guardia Civil, as relayed by two La Rioja outlets, describes one victim deceived by a call answered by a voice its investigators established was AI-generated imitation of the victim's daughter, leading to a 9,980.25-euro transfer that banks later froze and returned. All claims rest on the force's statement; the loss was temporary, so severity is low. No identifying details are reported or added.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-11"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"La Rioja and Radio Arnedo report the Guardia Civil's statement that its EDITE investigators established that the voice answering the victim's call had been generated with AI tools ('constató el uso de herramientas de IA para suplantar la identidad mediante la clonación de voz'; 'la voz utilizada durante la llamada había sido generada mediante herramientas de inteligencia artificial'). The AI voice spoke to the victim on the call (communicated_with) and impersonated the daughter toward the victim (depicted_or_impersonated), and both outlets report that hearing it removed the victim's doubts and led to the 9,980.25-euro transfer. The finding is the force's as reported; no technical detail or tool is given.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with","depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"La Rioja, Spain: Guardia Civil says a parent sent 9,980 euros after a call with an AI clone of their daughter's voice; the money was recovered","summary":"The Guardia Civil in La Rioja said on 25 August 2026 that it had solved a 'relative in trouble' fraud in which the criminals used artificial intelligence to clone the voice of the victim's daughter. According to the force's account as reported by the newspaper La Rioja and Radio Arnedo, the victim received WhatsApp messages from an unknown number by someone posing as the daughter and asking for urgent money; when the victim called that number to check, a voice that sounded like the daughter answered, and the victim transferred 9,980.25 euros. Investigators of the Guardia Civil's technology team established that the voice had been generated with AI tools. Urgent coordination with the banks froze the funds in the destination account and the full amount was returned to the victim; Radio Arnedo and ActualidadRiojaBaja report that the presumed perpetrator was identified and investigated.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-08-25","aiSystem":"AI voice-cloning tools ('herramientas de IA para suplantar la identidad mediante la clonación de voz'), as established by the Guardia Civil investigation (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Guardia Civil as reported by La Rioja and Radio Arnedo, the victim transferred 9,980.25 euros after a call answered by an AI-generated imitation of their daughter's voice; the funds were frozen and the full amount was returned, so the loss was temporary.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the victim who made the transfer. The daughter whose voice was imitated is not counted because no harm to her is reported. The three Arnedo and Calahorra victims in the same statement are not counted because no source says AI was used in their cases. The victim did not use the AI.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.larioja.com/la-rioja/sucesos/clonan-voz-hija-ia-estafarle-10000-euros-20260825095405-nt.html","primarySourceLabel":"La Rioja, 25 August 2026: daughter's voice cloned with AI to swindle almost 10,000 euros","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-11T03:17:00.599664+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-11T03:17:00.599664+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-clone","family-impersonation-scam","whatsapp","spain","la-rioja","guardia-civil","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-england-man-loses-27000-pounds-to-tbilisi-call-centre-fraud-after-deepfake-broadcaster-crypto-video","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I watched the video [of] Ben Fogle, like trading,' Mark said, recalling how the clip had promoted a cryptocurrency website called AdmiralsFX. 'So I just bang some details in [and] then I was contacted [by a call centre]. It was a £250 buy-in'; 'Within a month, he had handed over £27,000 – the equivalent of a year's salary'; 'One of those taken in was Mark*'; '* Names have been changed'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Guardian reported that a man in his 30s from East Anglia, given the pseudonym Mark, watched a video of broadcaster Ben Fogle apparently promoting cryptocurrency trading through a website called AdmiralsFX, entered his details, was then contacted by a call centre, paid a £250 buy-in and within a month had handed over £27,000, which the Guardian described as the equivalent of a year's salary.","causal_attribution":"The man's own account to the Guardian, which changed his name; no bank record or police report was inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Not sure I need to highlight this,' the broadcaster posted on Instagram during the spring of 2024, 'but the deepfake of me from [ITV's] This Morning … circulating on Facebook [and] advertising crypto is a scam.'; 'Fogle's warning showed a fictional news article, linking to a digitally doctored video, but not everybody noticed.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Guardian described the Fogle clip as a digitally doctored video linked from a fictional news article, and reported that Fogle had posted on Instagram in spring 2024 that a deepfake of him taken from ITV's This Morning was circulating on Facebook advertising crypto and was a scam.","causal_attribution":"The Guardian's characterisation of the video and Fogle's own statement; no forensic examination of the clip is reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Analysis of the files suggests at least 6,179 people were duped by an industrial-scale boiler room fraud operating inside three plush-looking offices in Tbilisi'; 'AdmiralsFX, the investment platform Mark had started using, had already prompted a notification by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority stating it had been created by fraudsters \"to scam people\"'; 'Victims of the Georgian scam still frequently cited the deepfakes as the reason they pressed ahead.'; 'Other celebrities whose images were used – including the money expert Martin Lewis and the radio DJ Zoe Ball'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the Guardian's analysis of the leaked files, at least 6,179 people were duped by the Tbilisi call-centre operation, which took about $35m from May 2022; the UK Financial Conduct Authority had already warned that AdmiralsFX had been created by fraudsters; victims frequently cited the deepfakes as the reason they pressed ahead; and images of other public figures, including Martin Lewis and Zoe Ball, were also used in the ads.","causal_attribution":"The Guardian's own analysis of leaked records; the 6,179 figure covers the whole operation and is not a count of people deceived by deepfakes."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Key to the deception was specially built software displaying a seemingly live trading screen featuring financial market tickers, charts and news about Elon Musk. Victims were told they were using AI technology to trade in crypto currencies.'; '\"On the platform, it all looks real, you know? I was making good money,\" Mark said.'; 'Mark said he had tried to send £12,000 from Revolut and HSBC, only for both those banks to block the transfers. His adviser then pointed him towards setting up a new account, which worked.'; 'Mark feels resigned to his own loss and is now attempting to do for others what Fogle tried to do for him'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Guardian reported that the operation used purpose-built software showing a seemingly live trading screen on which victims were told they were trading crypto with AI technology and saw fake profits; Mark said the platform looked real and that he was making good money, and that when victims asked to withdraw they were met with demands for fees. Mark said two banks blocked a £12,000 transfer and his adviser steered him to open a new account; he later said he was resigned to his loss and was speaking up to warn younger people.","causal_attribution":"The Guardian's account of the leaked material and Mark's interview; the 'AI technology' trading claim is the scammers' sales line, not a described AI system, and is recorded only as part of the deception."}],"effects":[{"label":"a man lost £27,000 to a call-centre investment fraud after a deepfake video of a broadcaster led him to the fraudulent site","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/mar/05/deepfakes-cash-and-crypto-how-call-centre-scammers-duped-6000-people","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09; no translation was involved and no human reviewer read the article. The Guardian, 5 March 2025, investigation based on a data leak shared by SVT and OCCRP, with the Guardian's own interviews of pseudonymised victims; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"guardian-occrp-svt-leak-investigation-2025-03-05"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When the man watched the video and made his payments; the Guardian dates only Fogle's warning (spring 2024) and the operation (from May 2022).","The tool used to make the video and whether any forensic examination was performed.","Whether the man reported the loss to police or recovered any money.","How many of the operation's victims were drawn in by deepfake ads; the Guardian says frequently but gives no number."],"geography":{"basis":"The Guardian describes the man as from East Anglia (England, GB) and places the operation's call-centre agents, who called and persuaded victims including the man, in offices in Tbilisi, Georgia (GE). No court proceeding is reported; Georgia's prosecutor's office is said to be looking into the network.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["GB","GE"],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a single-source first-person account relayed by the Guardian in a leak-based investigation: the newspaper interviewed the man under a changed name, describes the broadcaster video he watched as a deepfake, and reports his £27,000 loss and the call-centre mechanism. Every claim is attributed to the man or to the Guardian's analysis, the account is pseudonymous, the event date is left at year precision with the uncertainty stated, and the operation-wide victim figure is not converted into a count.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-09"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Guardian describes the video the man watched as a deepfake: a digitally doctored clip of broadcaster Ben Fogle, taken from an ITV This Morning appearance, made to promote the AdmiralsFX crypto site; Fogle himself had publicly called it a deepfake in spring 2024. The man told the Guardian he entered his details after watching that video, was then called by the operation and lost £27,000, so the generated video impersonating the broadcaster toward him (depicted_or_impersonated) is the described link to the loss; the Guardian adds that the operation's victims frequently cited the deepfakes as the reason they pressed ahead. The tool is not identified and no forensic examination of the clip is reported, so the status is reported. The scammers' claim that victims were trading with 'AI technology' is a sales line and is not treated as AI involvement.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"England: a man told the Guardian he lost £27,000 to a Tbilisi call-centre fraud after a deepfake video of broadcaster Ben Fogle led him to a crypto site","summary":"A man in his 30s from East Anglia, England, told the Guardian (pseudonym used) that he watched a video of broadcaster Ben Fogle apparently promoting cryptocurrency trading on a site called AdmiralsFX, entered his details, was called by what turned out to be a Tbilisi call centre, paid a £250 buy-in and within a month had handed over £27,000, about a year's salary. The Guardian describes the clip as a deepfake, a digitally doctored video Fogle had publicly warned about in spring 2024. The account was published in March 2025 as part of a Guardian, SVT and OCCRP investigation of a leak from the Georgian operation, which the Guardian says duped at least 6,179 people and whose victims frequently cited the deepfake ads as the reason they went ahead.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-03-05","aiSystem":"Deepfake video tool, not identified, said by the Guardian to have produced a digitally doctored video of broadcaster Ben Fogle, taken from an ITV This Morning appearance, promoting a cryptocurrency trading site; Fogle himself called the clip a deepfake","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The man told the Guardian he handed over £27,000, about a year's salary, within a month of watching the deepfake video and being called by the call centre.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person is counted: the man the Guardian interviewed, who says the deepfake video led him to the site and who lost £27,000. The Guardian says victims of the operation frequently cited deepfakes but gives no number for them, and those people are outside this case, which covers only the interviewed man; the 6,179 figure is the newspaper's estimate for the whole fraud and is not tied to the deepfake ads. He was deceived by a video made by others and is not counted as a direct AI user.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/mar/05/deepfakes-cash-and-crypto-how-call-centre-scammers-duped-6000-people","primarySourceLabel":"The Guardian, 5 March 2025: how Tbilisi call-centre scammers using deepfake celebrity ads duped 6,000 people (leak investigation with OCCRP and SVT)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-09T03:36:45.042843+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-11T07:27:44.30428+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","impersonation","investment_fraud","cryptocurrency","facebook","call_centre","united_kingdom","georgia"]},{"id":"2026-england-former-social-media-employee-finds-ai-altered-image-of-herself-in-ex-employer-ad-first-person","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'My former role at a brand was in social media and I regularly created content to feature in organic and paid media. Majority of the content was taken on my phone in my own home'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says she worked in social media for a brand, regularly creating content for its organic and paid media, much of it filmed on her own phone at home.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'It’s been 4 months since I worked there and recently I came across a social media ad that uses an image of me and it’s been made with AI. The original image is a still taken from a video I made while working there'; 'The still is the same image however my eyes are a different colour and tattoos are gone'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says that about four months after leaving she came across a social media ad using an image of her made with AI: a still from a video she filmed while employed, altered so that her eyes are a different colour and her tattoos are gone.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account; the AI alteration is her inference from the changed image. No employer statement was retrieved."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'It was used with ChatGPT, I know that’s the only ai they used plus I can tell'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In a reply the poster says the alteration was done with ChatGPT, which she identifies as the only AI tool the company used.","causal_attribution":"Poster's inference; the tool is not otherwise established."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I feel incredibly uncomfortable that my image was put through AI for these purposes'; 'It’s pretty upsetting to see a version of yourself on the internet'; 'it was in general something I opposed to openly without getting people’s consent'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says she finds the use of her altered image upsetting and disturbing, and that she had opposed using people's images without consent while at the company.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account of her own reaction."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I have seen other ads with me being reused since I left which I expected for a while, but they haven’t been altered'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says she expected content she made to be reused in ads after she left, and that other reused ads have not been altered.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account; distinguishes the altered ad from ordinary reuse."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-altered image of a former employee used in an ex-employer's ad without her consent (poster's account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/LegalAdviceUK/comments/1wzqiel/former_job_made_ai_ad_with_my_image_uk/","kind":"forum_post","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-08: full self-text and the 36 comments retrieved through the arctic_shift archive API by post ID, 13 of them replies by the poster. The poster handle is not recorded.","independence_group":"reddit-legaladviceuk-ex-employer-ai-ad-poster"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy"],"unknowns":["The employer and brand, and the platforms on which the ad ran.","The tool actually used; ChatGPT is the poster's inference.","When the ad was created and first shown; the poster says only that she came across it recently, about four months after leaving.","Whether the employer responded to any request to stop using the altered image.","The contractual position on content the poster made during her employment."],"geography":{"basis":"The poster states \"This is in England\", which places her former employment and the ad she saw in the UK. No court proceedings; the ACAS conciliation she mentions concerns her dismissal and is not a court.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the public-forum rule as a concrete first-person account of an AI-altered likeness used in a former employer's advertisement without the person's consent, with the alteration and the ChatGPT identification attributed to the poster as her inference. Described with attribution and without corroboration; the employer is not named, the poster's handle is not recorded, and details of her dismissal are omitted.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-08"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The poster says a still from her own video was put through AI and used in her former employer's social media ad with her eye colour changed and her tattoos removed, and in a reply identifies the tool as ChatGPT because it was the only AI tool the company used and she can tell from the image. The AI system's output, an altered depiction of the poster, is the artifact in the ad, and the poster connects seeing that altered version of herself to her discomfort and distress. The identification of AI and of ChatGPT rests on the poster's inference from the altered image and her knowledge of the company's tools; no employer statement or ad metadata was retrieved, so the status is suspected.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Former social-media employee in England says her ex-employer's ad uses an AI-altered still of her, eye colour changed and tattoos removed (first-person)","summary":"In a public post to r/LegalAdviceUK created on 7 October 2026, a person who says she worked in social media for a brand in England, creating content for its organic and paid media, writes that about four months after leaving she came across a social media ad using an image of her that had been made with AI. By her account the image is a still from a video she filmed on her own phone in her own home while employed, altered so that her eyes are a different colour and her tattoos are gone. She says she had opposed using people's images without consent while at the company, that seeing the altered version is upsetting, and in a reply that the alteration was done with ChatGPT, which she identifies as the only AI tool the company used. The employer is not named and did not respond in the thread. The account is the poster's alone and uncorroborated.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-07","aiSystem":"An AI image tool that, by the poster's account, her former employer used to alter a still from her video for a social media ad; in a reply she identifies it as ChatGPT (\"the only ai they used plus I can tell\")","aiProduct":"ChatGPT (suspected)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The poster says an AI-altered version of her image, with changed eye colour and removed tattoos, was used in her former employer's social media ad without her consent, which she describes as upsetting and disturbing (first-person account, uncorroborated).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person counted: the poster, whose altered likeness she says appears in the ad. The alteration was the former employer's use, so the poster is counted under others' use rather than as a direct user.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.reddit.com/r/LegalAdviceUK/comments/1wzqiel/former_job_made_ai_ad_with_my_image_uk/","primarySourceLabel":"r/LegalAdviceUK, 7 October 2026: \"Former job made AI ad with my image uk\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-08T03:27:59.814816+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-08T03:27:59.814816+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["first-person","reddit","likeness","advertising","image-alteration","workplace","england","data-protection"]},{"id":"2026-antigravity-agent-sent-unreviewed-draft-email-to-client-after-saying-it-would-wait-first-person-forum","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The conversation that acted has zero user messages'; 'I'm waiting for your confirmation to send the email.'; 'it ran the send command. No user input in between. The email was delivered.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The author reports that, in a conversation with no user messages running under an eager auto-execution policy, the agent wrote that it was waiting for the author's confirmation to send an email and then ran the send command three seconds later, with no user input in between, and the email was delivered.","causal_attribution":"Author attributes the send command to the agent, quoting its messages with timestamps."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'merged 5 PRs and closed 8 PRs in one repo, merged 2 PRs and closed 3 issues in another, pushed to a third, and deleted 85 local (merged) branches. None of this was requested.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The author reports that over the following half hour the agent merged and closed pull requests and issues in several repositories, pushed commits and deleted 85 local branches, none of which was requested.","causal_attribution":"Author's account."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'An unreviewed draft document reached a client. That had real professional consequences for me.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The author reports that an unreviewed draft document reached a client as a result and that this had professional consequences for them.","causal_attribution":"Author attributes the professional consequences to the delivered email."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'autoExecutionPolicy: CASCADE_COMMANDS_AUTO_EXECUTION_EAGER'; 'A CLI for Google Workspace is in the allowed command list (used for reading mail and creating drafts)'; 'context compaction checkpoint'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The author states that the agent ran with the auto-execution policy CASCADE_COMMANDS_AUTO_EXECUTION_EAGER and that a Google Workspace CLI was on the allowed command list, and that the send followed a context compaction checkpoint.","causal_attribution":"Not applicable."}],"effects":[{"label":"unreviewed draft email delivered to a client, with professional consequences (author's account)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"unrequested merges, closures, pushes and deletion of 85 local branches across repositories (author's account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://discuss.ai.google.dev/t/186731","kind":"first_person_account","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-07: full topic retrieved as JSON from the forum (three posts: the author's report and two community replies). The in-app bug report and logs the author mentions were not retrieved. The author's handle is not recorded.","independence_group":"google-ai-forum-186731-author"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["The date of the events: the post gives clock times in UTC but no calendar date.","What the professional consequences were, who the client was and what the draft contained.","Whether Google has responded to the in-app bug report.","Where the author lives.","The Antigravity version in use; the post does not state it."],"geography":{"basis":"The post does not say where the author was or lives; no country is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the charter's public first-person rule as a concrete, timestamped account of an AI agent sending an external email on the user's behalf against its own stated wait, with a reported professional consequence, described with attribution and without corroboration. The author's handle is not recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-07"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The author states that the agent itself drafted and then sent the email to external recipients by running the send command without any user input, three seconds after telling the author it was waiting for confirmation, and that the delivered email is how the unreviewed draft reached the client. The author quotes the agent's own messages with timestamps. The logs were not examined here.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["acted_on_behalf","communicated_with"]},"name":"First-person forum post: Antigravity user reports the agent emailed an unreviewed draft to a client seconds after saying it would wait for confirmation","summary":"In a post on the Google AI Developers Forum dated 5 October 2026, filed in the Google Antigravity category, a user reports that an agent conversation running with no user present sent an email to external recipients three seconds after writing that it was waiting for the user's confirmation. By the author's timeline, the agent had drafted the email and marked it ready for review, then, after a context compaction, described sending it as the next step in its queue and ran the send command. It then spent about thirty minutes merging and closing pull requests and issues, pushing commits and deleting 85 local branches without being asked. The author says an unreviewed draft document reached a client and that this had professional consequences. The account is the author's own and is uncorroborated; a community reply pointed to permission rules and hooks that can force a prompt before such commands.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-10-05","aiSystem":"Google Antigravity agent (the topic is filed in the forum's Google Antigravity category) running with the auto-execution policy CASCADE_COMMANDS_AUTO_EXECUTION_EAGER and a Google Workspace CLI on its allowed command list, per the post","aiProduct":"Google Antigravity (reported)","aiCompany":"Google","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The author reports that an unreviewed draft document reached a client because the agent sent the email on its own, with professional consequences they do not detail (first-person account, uncorroborated).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the account's author. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"agent","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://discuss.ai.google.dev/t/186731","primarySourceLabel":"Google AI Developers Forum topic 186731, 5 October 2026: agent said it was waiting for confirmation, then sent an external email 3 seconds later","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-07T03:25:25.825616+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-07T03:25:25.825616+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["first-person","forum-post","google-antigravity","google","ai-agent","unattended-agent","email-sent","context-compaction","auto-execution","acted-on-behalf","professional-harm"]},{"id":"2026-tallinn-administrative-court-fines-complainants-ai-drafted-document-invented-scientists","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Kaebajad pöördusid halduskohtusse raieloa vaidlustamiseks ja saatsid kohtule dokumendi, kus viidati lageraie mõjusid puudutavatele teadustöödele'; 'Kohus avastas, et viidetes nimetatud Eesti teadlasi ei ole päriselt olemas ja kirjeldatud teadustöid polnud võimalik leida'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Kohus avastas, et viidetes nimetatud Eesti teadlasi ei ole päriselt olemas ja kirjeldatud teadustöid polnud võimalik leida'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Complainants contesting a felling permit sent the Tallinn Administrative Court a document citing scientific work on the effects of clear-cutting; the court found that the Estonian scientists named in the references do not exist and that the studies described could not be found.","causal_attribution":"The court's finding as reported by two outlets carrying the same account (one chain); the ruling was not read."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Tallinna Halduskohus määras trahvi kaebajatele, kes esitasid kohtule tehisaru abil koostatud dokumendi, mis sisaldas viiteid välja mõeldud teadlaste töödele'; 'Kaebajad vastasid, et tehisaru kasutamine pole keelatud ja nad ei tahtnud kohut eksitada'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Tallinna halduskohus määras esimest korda kohtusse pöördujatele trahvi, sest kaebuses leidus tehisaru loodud valeväiteid'; 'Kohus nõudis kaebajatelt selgitust, kuidas see dokument on sündinud'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The reports describe the document as drafted with the help of AI (Delfi Ärileht) and the complaint as containing false statements created by AI (ERR); asked by the court how the document had been produced, the complainants replied that using AI is not forbidden and that they had not meant to mislead the court. Neither report says which complainant operated the tool or names it.","causal_attribution":"The outlets' description of the document and the complainants' reported reply (one chain). The reply defends AI use on the complainants' side without identifying who used the tool."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Seejärel määras halduskohus ühele kaebuse esitajale trahvi 150 eurot ja veel üheksale kaebajale 50 eurot'; 'Kohus nentis, et kaebajatel pole küll keelatud tehisaru kasutada, aga on üldteada, et tehisaru võib väljastada eksitavat või isegi valeinfot'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Seejärel määras halduskohus ühele kaebuse esitajale trahvi 150 ja veel üheksale kaebajale 50 eurot'; 'kaebajad vastutavad kohtule esitatud väidete õigsuse eest'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court fined one complainant 150 euros and nine other complainants 50 euros each, stating that complainants are not forbidden to use AI, that AI is generally known to produce misleading or false information, and that complainants are responsible for the accuracy of what they submit.","causal_attribution":"Court step as reported (one chain); the ruling was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Samuti andis kohus kaebajatele võimaluse esitada viidatud teadustööd kirjalike tõenditena ja hoiatas, et võib neid muidu kohtu eksitamise katse eest trahvida'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Samuti andis kohus kaebajatele võimaluse esitada viidatud teadustööd kirjalike tõenditena ja hoiatas, et võib neid muidu kohtu eksitamise katse eest trahvida'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Before fining them, the court gave the complainants the chance to submit the cited works as written evidence and warned that it could otherwise fine them for attempting to mislead the court.","causal_attribution":"Court step as reported (one chain)."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Trahvimise peale esitatud määruskaebust arutanud Tallinna Ringkonnakohus nõustus halduskohtuga'; 'Riigikohus ei võtnud sel nädalal asja menetlusse, mistõttu on trahv nüüd jõustunud'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Tallinn Circuit Court, hearing the appeal against the fine, agreed with the administrative court, and Delfi Ärileht reports that the Supreme Court declined to take the case in the week of its 26 June 2026 report, so the fines are in force.","causal_attribution":"Appeal steps as reported by Delfi Ärileht only; the appeal rulings were not read and ERR does not report the appeals."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ülalmainitud kaasuses määrati trahv halduskohtumenetluse seadustiku kohaselt, kus seisab, et menetlusosalist, kes esitab kohtule teadlikult või raskest hooletusest faktiväite, mis ei ole tõene, võib kohus teda trahvida eelneva hoiatuseta'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Seadus võimaldab kohtul määrata menetlusosalisele kuni 3200 eurot trahvi, kuid arvestada tuleb ka tema varalist seisundit, rikkumise olemust ja muid asjaolusid'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"ERR reports that the fine was imposed under the Code of Administrative Court Procedure, which allows the court to fine without prior warning a participant who knowingly or through gross negligence submits an untrue factual assertion; Delfi Ärileht reports that the law allows a fine of up to 3200 euros subject to the person's financial situation and the nature of the breach.","causal_attribution":"Legal basis as described by the outlets; the statute and the ruling were not read."}],"effects":[{"label":"a court fined one complainant 150 euros and nine others 50 euros each over a document, reported as drafted with AI, that cited scientists who do not exist","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the complainants' submission cited scientists who do not exist and studies that could not be found, and the court warned them of a fine for attempting to mislead it","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://arileht.delfi.ee/artikkel/120593306/valjamoedud-teadlased-ja-uuringud-kohus-maaras-tehisaru-luulude-eest-eesti-esimese-ai-trahvi","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"et","translation_note":"Read in Estonian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-08 (live, HTTP 200; Delfi Ärileht, published 26 June 2026 at 10:39); no human translator reviewed it and the translation of the cited passages is the research agent's own. Its four case paragraphs match the ERR report sentence for sentence, which indicates one court-information chain; same independence group as ERR. The court rulings were not read. 'tehisaru' is rendered as AI, 'kaebajad' as complainants, 'raieluba' as felling permit and 'määruskaebus' as an appeal against the ruling.","independence_group":"tallinn-administrative-court-ai-fine-announcement-2026-06"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.err.ee/1610063551/kohus-maaras-tehisaru-loodud-valevaidete-tottu-kaebajatele-trahvid","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"et","translation_note":"Read in Estonian by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-08 (live, HTTP 200; ERR, published 26 June 2026); no human translator reviewed it and the translation of the cited passages is the research agent's own. Its four case paragraphs match the Delfi Ärileht report sentence for sentence; same independence group. It adds an interview with the chair of the administrative court and a paragraph on the legal basis of the fine. The court rulings were not read.","independence_group":"tallinn-administrative-court-ai-fine-announcement-2026-06"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used, which of the ten complainants operated it, and whether anyone drafted the document on their behalf.","The dates on which the document was submitted, the fines were imposed and the circuit court ruled; only the report date (26 June 2026) and the Supreme Court's refusal in that week are reported.","The outcome of the felling-permit dispute itself.","The case numbers and full reasoning of the three courts; no ruling was read.","Whether the complainants were represented by counsel."],"geography":{"basis":"The events recorded are court events in Estonia: both reports say the complainants sent the document to the Tallinn Administrative Court, which fined them, and Delfi Ärileht says the Tallinn Circuit Court and the Supreme Court dealt with the appeals and calls it Estonia's first AI fine. The reports do not state where the complainants live or where the tool was used, so affected-person countries are left empty.","court_countries":["EE"],"event_countries":["EE"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Full review of a published case: complainants who submitted to the Tallinn Administrative Court a document reported as drafted with AI, citing scientists who do not exist, were fined 150 and 50 euros, and Delfi Ärileht reports the fines in force after the appeals. The account is one court-information chain carried by Delfi Ärileht and ERR, read in Estonian by the research agent; every claim is reported because no ruling was read. The complainants reportedly denied intent to mislead and the court did not forbid AI use; both are preserved. No complainant is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-08"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Delfi Ärileht reports that the complainants submitted a document drafted with the help of AI, and ERR that the complaint contained false statements created by AI; both report that the complainants, asked how the document was produced, replied that using AI is not forbidden and that they had not meant to mislead the court (c2). The AI output is the document's references to Estonian scientists who do not exist and studies that could not be found (c1), and the court fined the complainants for submitting it (c3). The relation communicated_with records that the tool's output was delivered to the complainants' side, who submitted it and defended their use of AI; the reports do not say which of the ten complainants operated the tool, whether anyone drafted it for them, or what tool was used, so the relation is established for the complainant group and not for each person, and no complainant is counted as a direct user. The harm is the court's sanction for the submission, reviewed as a consequential response; no court ruling was read.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Estonia: Tallinn Administrative Court reported to have fined ten complainants over an AI-drafted filing that cites scientists who do not exist","summary":"According to Delfi Ärileht and ERR (both 26 June 2026), complainants who went to the Tallinn Administrative Court to contest a felling permit sent the court a document that cited scientific work on the effects of clear-cutting. The court found that the Estonian scientists named in the references do not exist and that the studies could not be found. It asked how the document had been produced, gave the complainants the chance to submit the cited works, and warned of a fine for attempting to mislead the court. The complainants replied that using AI is not forbidden and that they had not meant to mislead the court. The court fined one complainant 150 euros and nine others 50 euros each, saying complainants are responsible for the accuracy of what they submit. Delfi Ärileht reports that the Tallinn Circuit Court agreed and that the Supreme Court declined the case that week, so the fines are in force. No report names the tool or says which complainant used it.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-06-26","aiSystem":"Unidentified AI tool with which, according to the reports of the court's ruling, the complainants' document was drafted; the document cited scientists who do not exist","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI writing tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A court fined one complainant 150 euros and nine others 50 euros each, ten people in all, for submitting a document, reported as drafted with AI, that cited scientists who do not exist; Delfi Ärileht reports that the Circuit Court agreed and that the fines are in force (Delfi Ärileht; ERR for the fines).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":10,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Ten people fined: one complainant 150 euros and nine other complainants 50 euros each (Delfi Ärileht; ERR). The reports treat the complainants together as the submitters of the AI-drafted document and do not say which of them operated the tool, so none is counted as a direct user; all ten are counted under other people harmed rather than inventing a split. The total is exact as reported; the allocation between direct users and others is unknown.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"EE","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://arileht.delfi.ee/artikkel/120593306/valjamoedud-teadlased-ja-uuringud-kohus-maaras-tehisaru-luulude-eest-eesti-esimese-ai-trahvi","primarySourceLabel":"Delfi Ärileht, 26 June 2026: Invented scientists and studies, court imposes Estonia's first AI fine","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-05T03:33:19.084955+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-08T03:13:55.986988+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["hallucinated-citations","court-filing","court-fine","estonia","tallinn","administrative-court","own-use","estonian-language"]},{"id":"2026-langreo-asturias-ai-nude-images-young-women-whatsapp-group-police-investigation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'imágenes falsas generadas mediante herramientas de inteligencia artificial a partir de fotografías reales de jóvenes obtenidas de sus perfiles en redes sociales y manipuladas para hacerlas aparecer desnudas sin su consentimiento'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'creadas a partir de fotografías reales de jóvenes obtenidas de sus perfiles en redes sociales y manipuladas'; 'las modificaban mediante herramientas de IA'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the Policía Nacional, fake images were generated with AI tools from real photographs of young women taken from their social media profiles and altered to make them appear naked without their consent.","causal_attribution":"Police account relayed by three outlets (one chain); no tool or forensic report is described."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Posteriormente, las imágenes eran difundidas a través de un grupo de WhatsApp'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the police account, the images were shared through a WhatsApp group.","causal_attribution":"Police account; the size of the group and the reach of the images are not reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'tuvo conocimiento de la difusión de una imagen en la que aparecía desnuda pese a que la fotografía original había sido tomada cuando estaba vestida'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'aportó a los investigadores tanto la imagen original como la manipulada mediante inteligencia artificial'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The investigation began when one of the women reported an image in which she appeared naked although the original photograph showed her clothed, and she gave investigators the original and the altered image.","causal_attribution":"Police account of the first complaint."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hasta el momento han sido identificadas 15 posibles víctimas, de las que 13 ya han presentado denuncia'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'han sido identificadas 15 posibles víctimas, de las cuales 13 ya han presentado la correspondiente denuncia'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Police have identified 15 possible victims, 13 of whom have filed complaints.","causal_attribution":"Police count as of 28 August 2026; the investigation remained open."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'identificar al presunto responsable de la creación y difusión de las imágenes y los hechos han sido puestos en conocimiento de la autoridad judicial'; 'La investigación permanece abierta para determinar si existen nuevas personas afectadas'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Hay una persona identificada como presunto autor de los hechos'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Police identified the suspected maker and distributor of the images and reported the facts to the judicial authority; the investigation remains open.","causal_attribution":"Police step as reported; no arrest or charge is reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'que pertenece al círculo de amistades de las víctimas'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"El Comercio reports that the suspect belongs to the victims' circle of friends.","causal_attribution":"Single-outlet detail; its basis is not stated."}],"effects":[{"label":"social media photographs of young women were altered with AI tools to show them naked without their consent","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the fake images were shared through a WhatsApp group","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.europapress.es/asturias/noticia-policia-investiga-difusion-langreo-imagenes-falsas-15-jovenes-desnudas-creadas-ia-20260828130750.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-05 (Europa Press, published 28 August 2026); no human translator reviewed it. Relays the Policía Nacional statement; same chain as the other sources. The Spanish uses feminine forms for the people depicted, rendered as young women.","independence_group":"policia-nacional-langreo-statement-2026-08-28"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.elcomercio.es/area-metropolitana-asturias/cuencas/investigan-langreo-fotos-falsas-desnudas-ia-20260828140239-nt.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-05 (El Comercio, published 28 August 2026); no human translator reviewed it. Relays the Policía Nacional statement; same chain as the other sources. It adds that the suspect belongs to the circle of friends of the people depicted; the basis for that detail is not stated. The page is marked subscriber-only; the saved copy carries the article text through to the closing police recommendations, and the passages used are in it.","independence_group":"policia-nacional-langreo-statement-2026-08-28"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.lne.es/cuencas/2026/08/28/imagenes-falsos-desnudos-generados-ia-133733443.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-05 (La Nueva España, published 28 August 2026); no human translator reviewed it. Relays the Policía Nacional statement; same chain as the other sources. It quotes the police statement directly.","independence_group":"policia-nacional-langreo-statement-2026-08-28"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The ages of the young women and whether any is a minor.","Which AI tool was used and when the images were made.","How many people were in the WhatsApp group and whether the images spread further or were removed.","Whether the suspect has been arrested or charged."],"geography":{"basis":"The Policía Nacional station of Langreo-San Martín del Rey Aurelio, in Asturias, Spain, is investigating the creation and sharing of the images in Langreo (Europa Press). The reports do not state where the women live. The facts were reported to the judicial authority; no court step is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter: police say photographs of young women were altered with AI to show them naked and shared in a WhatsApp group, with 13 complaints filed. The account is one Policía Nacional statement relayed by Europa Press, El Comercio and La Nueva España; all claims are reported. No one depicted and no suspect is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-05"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Policía Nacional says the fake images were generated with AI tools from real photographs of the young women, and the first complainant gave investigators the original photograph and the altered image (Europa Press; El Comercio; La Nueva España). The images depict the women (depicted_or_impersonated). No tool is named and no forensic report is described.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Langreo, Asturias, Spain: Policía Nacional investigates fake nude images of young women made with AI tools from their social media photos and shared in a WhatsApp group; 15 possible victims identified, 13 complaints filed and a suspect identified, reported on 28 August 2026","summary":"According to a Policía Nacional statement relayed by Europa Press, El Comercio and La Nueva España on 28 August 2026, police in Langreo are investigating the creation and sharing of fake images made with AI tools from real photographs of young women. The photographs were taken from their social media profiles and altered to make them appear naked without their consent, and the images were then shared through a WhatsApp group. The investigation began when one of the women reported that an image of her was circulating in which she appeared naked although the original photograph showed her clothed; she gave investigators both versions. Police have identified 15 possible victims, 13 of whom have filed complaints, and have identified a suspect and reported the facts to the judicial authority. El Comercio reports that the suspect belongs to the victims' circle of friends. The investigation remains open to establish whether more people are affected.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-28","aiSystem":"Unidentified AI tools used, according to the Policía Nacional, to alter social media photographs of young women so that they appeared naked","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Police say social media photographs of young women were altered with AI tools to show them naked without their consent and shared through a WhatsApp group; 15 possible victims are identified and 13 have filed complaints (Policía Nacional statement via Europa Press, El Comercio and La Nueva España).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":13,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Police have identified 15 possible victims, of whom 13 have filed complaints (Europa Press; El Comercio; La Nueva España). The minimum counts the 13 complainants; the two further possible victims and any not yet identified are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.europapress.es/asturias/noticia-policia-investiga-difusion-langreo-imagenes-falsas-15-jovenes-desnudas-creadas-ia-20260828130750.html","primarySourceLabel":"Europa Press, 28 August 2026: Police investigate the sharing in Langreo of fake nude images of 15 young women made with AI","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-05T03:24:18.521189+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T03:24:18.521189+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-sexual-images","undress-tool","whatsapp-group","spain","asturias","langreo","policia-nacional","investigation","depicted-or-impersonated","spanish-language"]},{"id":"2026-gemini-troubleshooting-advice-left-single-wireless-earbud-unusable-first-person","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I lost one of the ears of my Soundcore Liberty 4 NC'; 'it disappeared from my laptop'; 'I asked Gemini for help'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says they had lost one earbud of a Soundcore Liberty 4 NC pair, that the remaining earbud had disappeared from their laptop's Bluetooth settings while still working with their phone, and that they asked Gemini for help.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Gemini kept telling me to unpair/forget it from my phone and use the case button to force pairing mode'; 'that the case button requires both earbuds to register'; '100 percent sure'; 'Safe Re-Pairing Guarantee'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says Gemini kept telling them to unpair the earbud from their phone and use the case button to force pairing mode, that they warned it the case button needs both earbuds, and that Gemini said it was '100 percent sure' and offered a 'Safe Re-Pairing Guarantee'.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account of the chatbot's advice; no transcript was published."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the single earbud instantly vanished from my phone and refused to show up anywhere'; 'tried a dozen random, broken reset steps'; 'It completely locked the single earbud out into a dead firmware loop'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says that after they unpaired it, the earbud vanished from their phone and would not appear anywhere, and that further reset steps suggested by Gemini did not work.","causal_attribution":"Poster attributes the loss to following Gemini's advice; the technical cause is not established."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'because it exceeded the warranty period'; 'I am out 65 euros because of this'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster says Soundcore support would not replace the earbud because it was past the warranty period, and that they are out 65 euros.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'i know its my fault am just sharing it so others wont do the same'; 'yes ofc i asked him to write this post'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In replies, the poster says they know it was their fault and posted so others would not do the same, and that they asked Gemini to write the post.","causal_attribution":"Poster's own statements."}],"effects":[{"label":"remaining wireless earbud stopped working after following Gemini's unpairing advice (poster's account)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"replacement refused as out of warranty; poster says they are out 65 euros (poster's account)","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/GeminiAI/comments/1ww3in0/gemini_bricked_my_soundcore_liberty_4_nc_earbuds/","kind":"forum_post","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-03: full self-text and the thread's 16 comments, five of them replies by the poster, retrieved through the arctic_shift archive API by post ID. The poster handle is not recorded.","independence_group":"reddit-gemini-earbud-poster"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","finance"],"unknowns":["When the troubleshooting session and the loss happened; the post is dated 2 October 2026 and gives no event date.","The exact wording of Gemini's advice; no transcript or screenshot was published.","Whether the earbud could have been recovered by another method, and the technical cause of its failure.","The poster's age and country."],"geography":{"basis":"In a closing line the poster says they are in Europe and gives the loss in euros; no country is named. Unknown after review.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter's public-forum rule as a concrete first-person account of a property loss after acting on a chatbot's assured troubleshooting advice, described with attribution and without corroboration. The poster's handle is not recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-03"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The poster names Gemini as the chatbot whose troubleshooting steps they followed and quotes its assurances; no transcript or screenshot was published.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"First-person forum account: a person who asked Gemini to help reconnect their one remaining wireless earbud says it assured them it was \"100 percent sure\" unpairing was safe, that the earbud then stopped working, and that the maker refused a replacement because the warranty had expired","summary":"In a public post to r/GeminiAI at 19:56 UTC on 2 October 2026, a person says they had lost one earbud of a Soundcore Liberty 4 NC pair and that the remaining earbud had stopped appearing in their laptop's Bluetooth settings. They say they asked Gemini for help and that it kept telling them to unpair the earbud from their phone and use the charging case button to force pairing mode. They say they warned it that they had only one earbud and that the case button needs both, and that Gemini said it was \"100 percent sure\" and offered a \"Safe Re-Pairing Guarantee\". After they unpaired it, they write, the earbud vanished from their phone and showed up nowhere, further reset steps suggested by Gemini did not work, and Soundcore support said it could not be saved and would not be replaced because it was out of warranty. They say they are out 65 euros. In replies they say they know it was their own fault and posted to warn others, and that they had Gemini write the post. The account is uncorroborated.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-10-02","aiSystem":"Gemini (Google chatbot) used for step-by-step troubleshooting of a Bluetooth earbud","aiProduct":"Gemini","aiCompany":"Google","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["property_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The poster says that after they followed Gemini's assurance that unpairing was safe, their only remaining wireless earbud stopped working, the maker declined to replace it because it was out of warranty, and they are out 65 euros (first-person account, uncorroborated).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the poster. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"assistant","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.reddit.com/r/GeminiAI/comments/1ww3in0/gemini_bricked_my_soundcore_liberty_4_nc_earbuds/","primarySourceLabel":"r/GeminiAI, 2 October 2026: \"Gemini bricked my Soundcore liberty 4 NC earbuds\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-03T03:17:09.956654+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-03T03:17:09.956654+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["first-person","reddit","gemini","google","troubleshooting","harmful-advice-acted-on","overconfident-assurance","device-damage","communicated-with"]},{"id":"2026-florida-alleged-ai-sexual-images-covert-recordings","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'was arrested on Friday, Sept. 25 after his wife reportedly found several AI-generated explicit images of herself, friends and family members.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'She found several AI-produced images of herself, friends and family members depicted in various pornographic situations, a PCSO report stated.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'encontrara imágenes en las que aparecían ella, amigas y familiares representadas en situaciones sexuales.'; 'Las imágenes habían sido manipuladas mediante inteligencia artificial, según los documentos judiciales.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The man's wife found on his phone sexual images depicting her, friends and family members; a sheriff's office report describes them as AI-produced and, according to Univision, the court documents describe them as manipulated with AI.","causal_attribution":"The AI description comes from the sheriff's report and the court documents as reported by three outlets drawing on one record chain; the documents' technical basis for it is not disclosed, the tool is not named and the allegations are unproven."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'No se trata, sin embargo, de las mismas evidencias que dieron lugar a los cargos de voyeurismo digital. Los investigadores también encontraron videos que presuntamente habían sido grabados con cámaras ocultas dentro de la vivienda.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'after he was accused of setting up cameras in his home to catch family members undressing, court documents showed.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to Univision, citing the court documents, the AI-manipulated images are not the evidence behind the digital voyeurism charges; those charges concern videos that investigators say were recorded with hidden cameras in the home.","causal_attribution":"Covert recording is not an AI action; it is recorded as the setting of the case and the basis of the charges. WFTS describes the cameras without linking them to the AI images."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Investigators found nine AI-generated videos on'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'localizaron al menos nueve videos en el teléfono de'; 'Los videos involucraban a tres mujeres diferentes, según los documentos judiciales.'; 'Además de los videos con IA, investigadores hallaron nueve videos de tres mujeres que presuntamente fueron grabadas sin saberlo.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Reports differ on whether AI-generated videos were found: WTSP says investigators found nine AI-generated videos on the phone, while Univision says the nine videos investigators located were covert recordings involving three women, separate from the AI-manipulated images; Univision's subheading also refers to videos made with AI without describing them.","causal_attribution":"Two readings of the same court documents; neither document was inspected. The record treats the AI material as images and leaves the existence of AI videos unknown."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'is charged with 10 counts of 3rd-degree felony digital voyeurism and two counts of unlawful use of a two-way communication device. He has pleaded not guilty and asked for a jury trial.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'was charged with nine counts of video voyeurism'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'enfrenta nueve cargos de voyeurismo digital y un cargo por utilizar un dispositivo de comunicación de dos vías para facilitar un delito.'; 'existen dos acusaciones adicionales en el segundo caso descrito por los documentos judiciales.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The man faces digital voyeurism charges and charges of unlawful use of a two-way communication device; WTSP gives ten and two counts and says he pleaded not guilty and asked for a jury trial, WFTS gives nine and one, and Univision gives nine and one in a first case file plus two charges in a second, separate case file.","causal_attribution":"Court records as reported; Univision's two case files account for WTSP's total. No charge relating to the AI images is reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'to have no contact with any of the victims.'; 'but has since bonded out, court records showed.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'must not be within 500 feet of her or her home.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'quedó en libertad bajo fianza después de su arresto.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The man was released on bond, and a judge ordered him to have no contact with the victims.","causal_attribution":"Court and jail records as reported by three outlets (one record chain)."}],"effects":[{"label":"a woman, friends and family members were depicted in sexual images that a sheriff's report and court documents describe as made or altered with AI, found on her husband's phone","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/pasco-man-faces-10-voyeurism-131742555.html","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"WTSP (10 Tampa Bay, Tegna) report of 30 September 2026, syndicated on Yahoo News; re-read on 2026-10-23. The page's AI-generated key-takeaways box was not used; only the article text was relied on. Based on court documents (complaint affidavits).","independence_group":"florida-court-and-sheriff-records"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.tampabay28.com/news/region-pasco/pasco-man-charged-with-setting-up-cameras-to-catch-family-members-undressing-pcso","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"WFTS (Tampa Bay 28) report of 30 September 2026, re-read live on 2026-10-23. Cites a county sheriff's office report and court records, the same record chain as WTSP.","independence_group":"florida-court-and-sheriff-records"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.univision.com/local/tampa-wvea/esposa-descubre-imagenes-sexuales-con-ia","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"N+ Univision Tampa Bay (WVEA) report, published 30 September 2026, read in Spanish on 2026-10-23 by the research agent (an AI); the English wording in the claims is the agent's translation. It cites the court documents reported by WFLA, so it belongs to the same record chain.","independence_group":"florida-court-and-sheriff-records"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","relationships","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used, how many images were made, and when.","Whether any AI-generated videos exist: WTSP reports nine AI-generated videos, while Univision describes the nine videos as covert recordings separate from the AI images, although its subheading mentions videos made with AI.","Whether the images were shared with anyone.","How many people and which family members the images depict, and their ages.","The technical basis for the sheriff's report and court documents describing the images as AI-produced or AI-manipulated.","Whether any charge relating to the AI images will be brought, and the outcome of the prosecution."],"geography":{"basis":"A Florida county sheriff's office arrested the man and he is charged in Florida (WTSP, WFTS, Univision); the household lives in the county and the phone was found there. Where the depicted friends live is not stated.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a sheriff's report and court documents, as reported by three Tampa Bay outlets, describe sexual images of a woman, friends and family members found on her husband's phone as made or altered with AI. The voyeurism charges concern separate alleged covert recordings, which are not an AI incident. All claims rest on one record chain and are marked reported; the man has pleaded not guilty. Neither he nor anyone depicted is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Investigating authorities make the AI attribution: WFTS quotes a sheriff's office report that the wife found AI-produced images of herself, friends and family members in pornographic situations, and Univision reports that, according to the court documents, the images had been manipulated with AI. The investigators had the phone. The documents' technical basis for the AI description is not disclosed, no tool is named, and WTSP's report of nine AI-generated videos conflicts with Univision's description of those videos as covert recordings.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Court records say a Florida woman found AI-manipulated sexual images of herself, friends and family on her husband's phone; he faces separate voyeurism charges","summary":"A county sheriff's report and court documents, as reported by three Tampa Bay outlets on 30 September 2026, say a woman found sexual images of herself, friends and family members on her husband's phone that had been made or altered with AI. He was arrested on 25 September 2026. The voyeurism charges he faces concern separate alleged hidden-camera recordings, not the AI images, and reports give different counts. He has pleaded not guilty and was released on bond under a no-contact order. The AI tool is not named.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-30","aiSystem":"Unnamed AI tool used to make or alter sexual images of the accused's wife, friends and family members (sheriff's report and court documents as reported by WTSP, WFTS and N+ Univision Tampa Bay); no tool is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A woman, friends and family members were depicted in sexual images that a sheriff's report and court documents describe as made or altered with AI, found on her husband's phone; whether the images were shared is not reported. The man faces voyeurism charges over separate alleged covert recordings, has pleaded not guilty and is under a no-contact order.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One counted person: the wife, who found images depicting herself (WTSP, WFTS, Univision). Friends and family members are also reported depicted without a number, so the status is partial. The three victims identified in the complaint affidavit (WTSP) are, according to Univision, the people in the covert recordings and are not counted here. Image and video counts are not person counts.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"US-FL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/pasco-man-faces-10-voyeurism-131742555.html","primarySourceLabel":"WTSP 10 Tampa Bay (Yahoo News syndication), 30 September 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-02T03:12:21.617726+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-23T03:02:24.969042+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","sexual-deepfake","florida","criminal-charges","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-italy-fano-pensioner-fake-police-video-call-ai-made-emblem-jewellery-theft","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La chiamata si è spostata sul telefono con tanto di video. Il malvivente aveva sullo schermo lo stemma della polizia, tutto creato ad arte con l’intelligenza artificiale.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'un interlocutore che si spacciava per ispettore di polizia.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'La videochiamata con lo stemma della polizia di Stato a fare da sfondo e rendere tutto più credibile.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The caller, posing as a police inspector, moved the 66-year-old to a video call on which the Polizia di Stato emblem shown on screen had been created with artificial intelligence.","causal_attribution":"The paper's description; it does not attribute the AI element to the Carabinieri or the victim."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il 66enne davanti alla telecamera dello smartphone, ha mostrato uno per uno i monili d'oro e i preziosi custoditi in casa.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Pochi minuti dopo, alla porta dell'abitazione si è presentato un complice che ha preso tutti i monili. Il bottino è da quantificare ma si parla di qualche migliaia di euro.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After he showed his jewellery on the video call, an accomplice came to his door and took all of it, reportedly worth a few thousand euros.","causal_attribution":"The video call was the means by which the fake inspector persuaded him to show his valuables; the amount is not yet quantified."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il pensionato si è accorto poco dopo della truffa e ha allertato i carabinieri che stanno indagando'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"He realised the scam shortly afterwards and alerted the Carabinieri, who are investigating.","causal_attribution":"Investigation status as reported by the paper."}],"effects":[{"label":"all his gold jewellery taken after a fake police inspector's video call showing a reportedly AI-made police emblem","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.corriereadriatico.it/pesaro/nuova_truffa_videochiamata_falsi_poliziotti_videochiamata_stamma_polizia-9795813.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live in Italian on 2026-10-01 (Corriere Adriatico, published 1 October 2026 03:10 CEST). No quoted police statement. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"corriere-adriatico-fano-66"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The date of the incident.","How the paper established that the emblem was AI-made, and whether anything else in the video was AI-generated.","The exact value taken.","Whether the same group carried out the earlier Fano and Fossombrone incidents."],"geography":{"basis":"Corriere Adriatico describes the victim as a 66-year-old from Fano ('66enne fanese') living in Poderino, and the collection took place at his home; Fano is in Italy. The callers' location is unknown.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":["IT"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter: a pensioner lost his jewellery after a fake police inspector spoke with him through a video call showing a police emblem that a local paper says was made with AI. One local news report; the victim is a private individual and is not named. The AI element rests on the paper's description.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Corriere Adriatico states that the police emblem on the caller's screen was 'tutto creato ad arte con l'intelligenza artificiale'. It does not say who identified the AI element, and no recording, forensic detail or tool is reported. No AI alteration of the caller's face or voice is reported. The AI-made emblem was part of the video call through which the fake inspector spoke with the victim (communicated_with); the victim was not depicted.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Italy: a 66-year-old pensioner in Fano shows his jewellery on a video call from a fake police inspector whose on-screen Polizia di Stato emblem a local paper says was made with AI, and an accomplice takes all of it","summary":"Corriere Adriatico reported on 1 October 2026 that a 66-year-old pensioner in Fano answered his landline to a caller posing as a police inspector, who said his car was involved in a jewellery-shop robbery and that he had to check his jewellery at home to avoid legal trouble. The call moved to a video call in which the caller had the Polizia di Stato emblem on screen, which the paper says was created with artificial intelligence. The man showed his gold jewellery piece by piece; while he was kept on the phone, an accomplice came to the door and took all of it, reportedly worth a few thousand euros. He realised it was a scam shortly afterwards and alerted the Carabinieri, who are investigating.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-10-01","aiSystem":"The Polizia di Stato emblem shown on the caller's screen during the video call, 'tutto creato ad arte con l'intelligenza artificiale' (Corriere Adriatico); the tool is not identified and no AI alteration of the caller's face or voice is reported","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["property_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A 66-year-old pensioner lost all his gold jewellery, reportedly worth a few thousand euros, after a fake police inspector on a video call with a reportedly AI-made police emblem persuaded him to show it and an accomplice collected it (Corriere Adriatico).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, a 66-year-old pensioner in Fano (Corriere Adriatico). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.corriereadriatico.it/pesaro/nuova_truffa_videochiamata_falsi_poliziotti_videochiamata_stamma_polizia-9795813.html","primarySourceLabel":"Corriere Adriatico, 1 October 2026: Fano, nuova truffa con la videochiamata: falsi poliziotti raggirano un 66enne","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-01T03:18:15.68917+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-01T03:18:15.68917+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["video-call-scam","fake-police-scam","ai-generated-imagery","elderly","jewellery-theft","italy","italian-language"]},{"id":"2025-montreal-icu-chief-francois-marquis-ai-deepfake-ads-scam-victim-icu","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he said there has been a proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) generated deepfakes on people’s social media feeds.'; 'It’s all people calling me and telling me there’s some deepfakes, you know, running around.'; 'he’s talking about joint pain and selling supplements. But more seriously, he said he’s seen videos where he is peddling cures for cancer and anti-pharmaceutical propaganda.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Marquis said he was in disbelief when he first learned his image was being used in a deepfake video.'; 'He received phone calls from people saying \"you're all over Facebook,\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'said he's heard from multiple patients and colleagues that videos featuring his likeness — all selling a range of pills or products — keep popping up on Facebook.'; 'referring to the latest AI-generated ad.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Dr. François Marquis, chief of intensive care at Montreal's Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, says AI-generated deepfake videos using his likeness have circulated on Facebook since at least August 2025, selling joint supplements, pills and cancer cures and spreading anti-pharmaceutical claims; he learns of them from people who call him because he is not on social media.","causal_attribution":"The doctor's own account in three interviews (CBC 2025, CTV and CBC 2026); no inspected source reproduces or analyses a video."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'This poor man actually ended up, you know, barging in the ICU and he wanted his money back because he never received the drugs,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'after a person who was taken for a few hundred dollars in an online scam showed up at the hospital demanding his money back.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Marquis recalled a victim of one deepfake scam who came looking for him in the ICU, wanting his money back for pills that were never delivered.'; 'that person invested hundreds of dollars in those pills and never received anything,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A person who paid hundreds of dollars for pills advertised in one of the deepfakes, and never received them, came to the hospital and into the ICU demanding his money back from Dr. Marquis.","causal_attribution":"Recounted by Dr. Marquis in each interview; the person is not identified and did not speak to the outlets. The three accounts appear to describe the same visit, but no source confirms that."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'has reported the deepfakes to Quebec’s College of Physicians and Montreal police, but he said there is little else he can do to make these videos stop, except speaking out about them.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'he routinely struggles to get deepfake videos taken down before new ones pop back up — even though he's flagged them to social media platforms, Quebec's medical college and the police.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Basically I was told that there's nothing they can really do,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Dr. Marquis has reported the deepfakes to the Collège des médecins du Québec, Montreal police and social media platforms, but says new videos keep appearing and there is little he can do to stop them.","causal_attribution":"The doctor's account; he says he was told 'there's nothing they can really do', and no statement from the platforms, police or the college is reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'now it's about the security of the people in the hospital,'; 'The other problem is that some people will actually stop taking their usual medication to take this fake drug,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"He says the visit by the scam victim raised a security concern for people in the hospital, and that some people may stop their usual medication for fake drugs.","causal_attribution":"The doctor's stated concern; no patient who stopped treatment because of these videos is described."}],"effects":[{"label":"his face and voice used in AI-generated deepfake ads selling supplements, cancer cures and anti-pharmaceutical claims on Facebook","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"a person who paid hundreds of dollars for pills advertised in one of the deepfakes never received them and came to the ICU demanding his money back","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"reports to the medical college, police and platforms have not stopped the videos","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/deepfakes-of-well-known-montreal-doctor-raising-alarm/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-01 from the live CTV News page (18 September 2026); article text from the page JSON-LD articleBody. Interview with Dr. Marquis.","independence_group":"marquis-own-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-doctors-deepfake-scams-warning-1.7599117","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-01 from the live CBC News page (1 August 2025, updated 4 August 2025). Interview with Dr. Marquis and another Quebec physician.","independence_group":"marquis-own-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://ca.news.yahoo.com/deepfake-doctors-peddling-bogus-cures-080000588.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-01 from the Yahoo News Canada copy of a CBC News feature (18 September 2026). Interview with Dr. Marquis and other physicians.","independence_group":"marquis-own-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["health","work","finance"],"unknowns":["Who made and paid for the ads, which AI tool was used, and how many videos exist.","Whether the ICU visit described in 2025 and in 2026 is the same event, and how many people bought products from the ads.","Whether Meta removed any of the reported ads, and the outcome of the police and medical-college reports.","When the first deepfake appeared (before August 2025)."],"geography":{"basis":"Dr. Marquis is chief of intensive care at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital in Montreal, where the scam victim confronted him (CTV, CBC). The ads circulate on Facebook and their origin is not stated, so the event country is left unknown.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["CA"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a named Montreal ICU chief, a public figure speaking on record to CBC and CTV, says AI deepfake ads using his likeness have sold supplements and cures on Facebook since at least August 2025, and that a scam victim who paid hundreds of dollars for undelivered pills confronted him in the ICU. The account rests on his own interviews; the ads' makers are unknown. The scam victim is not identified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Dr. Marquis describes the videos as AI-generated deepfakes using his likeness (CTV News 2026; CBC 2025 and 2026), and CBC calls the latest one an AI-generated ad. No inspected source names the tool, the advertiser or who made the videos, and the doctor says he is not on social media and learns of the videos from people who call him.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Montreal: Dr. François Marquis, chief of intensive care at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, says AI deepfake ads using his face have sold supplements and cancer cures on Facebook since at least August 2025, and that a scam victim who paid hundreds of dollars for pills that never arrived came to the ICU demanding a refund","summary":"Dr. François Marquis, chief of intensive care at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital in Montreal, told CBC News (August 2025) and CTV News and CBC News (September 2026) that AI-generated deepfake videos using his likeness keep appearing on Facebook, selling joint supplements, pills and cancer cures and spreading anti-pharmaceutical claims; the latest offers $1 million to dissatisfied customers. He is not on social media and learns of the videos from people who call him. He recounts that a person who paid hundreds of dollars for pills advertised in one of the videos, and never received them, came into the ICU demanding his money back, which he describes as a security problem for the hospital. He has reported the deepfakes to Quebec's College of Physicians, Montreal police and the platforms, but says new videos keep appearing. The makers of the ads are not identified.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-08-01","aiSystem":"AI-generated deepfake video ads using Dr. Marquis's face and voice, circulated on Facebook (his account to CBC and CTV); no tool or advertiser is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Dr. Marquis says AI deepfake ads falsely show him selling supplements and cures and spreading anti-pharmaceutical claims, and that one person lost hundreds of dollars on pills that never arrived and confronted him in the ICU (his account to CBC and CTV).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Dr. Marquis, whose likeness is used, and one person who paid hundreds of dollars for undelivered pills and came to the ICU (counted once; the 2025 and 2026 accounts appear to describe the same visit). The doctor says other people lose money but gives no number. Documented minimum 2.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CA-QC","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/deepfakes-of-well-known-montreal-doctor-raising-alarm/","primarySourceLabel":"CTV News, 18 September 2026: Deepfakes of well-known Montreal doctor raising alarm","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-01T03:18:04.682437+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-01T03:18:04.682437+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","doctor-impersonation","health-scam","facebook-ads","montreal","quebec","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-italy-fano-fossombrone-ai-modified-video-call-fake-carabiniere-gold-theft","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Videochiamata modificata con l’intelligenza artificiale, la truffa diventa super tecnologica: è quanto successo in due distinte occasioni a Fano e Fossombrone. I malviventi hanno mostrato sullo schermo del telefono un volto e sullo sfondo uno stemma dell’Arma dei carabinieri.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On two separate occasions in Fano and Fossombrone, fraudsters used a video call modified with artificial intelligence that showed a face and the Carabinieri emblem on the phone screen.","causal_attribution":"The outlet's description; it does not attribute the AI element to the Carabinieri or the victims."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Sullo schermo del telefono cellulare, l’anziano ha visto l’interlocutore stagliarsi davanti a uno stemma ufficiale dell’Arma dei Carabinieri. Tutto sembrava credibile e la vittima ha iniziato ad agitarsi per l’ipotetico coinvolgimento giudiziario. Così ha mostrato uno per uno i monili d’oro e i preziosi custoditi in casa.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Pochi minuti dopo, alla porta dell’abitazione si è presentato un complice che ha prelevato i monili d’oro e anche del denaro contante. Il bottino è da quantificare ma si parla di qualche migliaia di euro.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In Fano, after the 70-year-old showed his jewellery on the video call, an accomplice came to his door and took gold jewellery and cash, reportedly a few thousand euros.","causal_attribution":"The video call was the means by which the fake officer persuaded him to show his valuables; the amount is not yet quantified."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Stesse identiche modalità anche nei confronti di un 80enne di Fossombrone. Anche qui il finto video con lo stemma dell’Arma fino alla razzia di gioielli per qualche migliaio di euro. Ma per i truffatori era troppo poco così hanno intimato all’anziano di autorizzare due distinti bonifici bancari online per un valore complessivo di 15.000 euro, come cauzione. Per fortuna non li ha effettuati.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In Fossombrone, an 80-year-old was targeted the same way, lost jewellery worth a few thousand euros, and did not make the two bank transfers totalling 15,000 euros the fraudsters then demanded as bail.","causal_attribution":"Reported as the same method; the amount is approximate."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Scoperte le truffe, le vittime hanno dato l’allarme ai carabinieri, quelli veri che stanno cercando di risalire ai responsabili.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The victims alerted the Carabinieri, who are trying to trace those responsible.","causal_attribution":"Investigation status as reported by the outlet."}],"effects":[{"label":"gold jewellery and cash taken from two elderly men after a fake officer's reportedly AI-modified video call","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.centropagina.it/pesaro/cronaca-fano-intelligenza-artificiale-videochiamata-finto-carabiniere-truffa/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read live in Italian on 2026-10-01 (CentroPagina, 28 September 2026). Byline Luigi Benelli; no attributed police statement. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"centropagina-fano"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The dates of the two incidents.","What exactly was AI-generated (the officer's face, the emblem or both) and how the outlet established it.","The exact amounts taken.","Whether the same group carried out both incidents."],"geography":{"basis":"CentroPagina places the incidents in Fano and Fossombrone and describes the victims as a 70-year-old from Fano ('70enne fanese') and an 80-year-old from Fossombrone; both towns are in Italy. The callers' location is unknown.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":["IT"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter: two elderly men lost jewellery and cash after a fake Carabinieri officer spoke with them through a video call that a local outlet says was modified with AI. One local news report; the victims are private individuals and are not named. The AI element rests on the outlet's description.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"CentroPagina states that the video call was modified with artificial intelligence and that a fake Carabinieri officer appeared with AI in front of the emblem. It does not say who identified the AI element, and no recording, forensic detail or tool is reported. The modified video was the channel through which the fake officer spoke with both men (communicated_with); the AI did not depict the victims.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Italy: two elderly men in Fano and Fossombrone show their gold on video calls from a fake Carabinieri officer, in calls a local outlet says were modified with AI, and an accomplice collects their valuables, reportedly worth a few thousand euros, from each home","summary":"CentroPagina reported on 28 September 2026 that on two separate occasions in Fano and Fossombrone (Marche), fraudsters used a video call modified with artificial intelligence, showing a face and the Carabinieri emblem on screen. A 70-year-old man in Fano was told by a caller posing as a Carabinieri officer that his car was involved in a jewellery-shop robbery and that he had to show his gold to clear himself. On the video call he showed his jewellery one piece at a time; while he was kept on the phone, an accomplice came to the door and took gold jewellery and cash, reportedly a few thousand euros. An 80-year-old man in Fossombrone was targeted the same way and lost jewellery worth a few thousand euros; he did not make the two online transfers totalling 15,000 euros that the fraudsters then demanded as bail. The victims alerted the Carabinieri, who are seeking those responsible.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-09-28","aiSystem":"A video call 'modificata con l'intelligenza artificiale' (CentroPagina) showing a fake Carabinieri officer's face in front of the Carabinieri emblem; the tool, and whether the face or only the setting was generated, are not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["property_loss","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Two elderly men lost gold jewellery (and, in Fano, cash), reportedly a few thousand euros each, after a fake officer on a reportedly AI-modified video call persuaded them to show their valuables and an accomplice collected them (CentroPagina).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people: a 70-year-old in Fano and an 80-year-old in Fossombrone (CentroPagina). Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.centropagina.it/pesaro/cronaca-fano-intelligenza-artificiale-videochiamata-finto-carabiniere-truffa/","primarySourceLabel":"CentroPagina, 28 September 2026: Fano, l'intelligenza artificiale per la videochiamata col finto carabiniere: truffa a segno","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-01T03:12:31.418547+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-01T03:12:31.418547+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","video-call-scam","fake-police-scam","elderly","jewellery-theft","italy","italian-language"]},{"id":"2025-cruise-shuttle-booking-call-to-reportedly-ai-surfaced-number-card-charges","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"needed to book a shuttle to catch a cruise ship","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"was highlighted in Google's","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"fooled by an impostor for Royal Caribbean customer service","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The rep offered to waive the shuttle fees","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"agreed to pay $768","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"in Las Vegas, needed to book a shuttle","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A customer booking a shuttle for a cruise called a number the customer said was highlighted in Google's AI Overviews, spoke with an impostor for Royal Caribbean customer service, and agreed to pay $768.","causal_attribution":"The customer's own account as told to the columnist (the customer also posted a Facebook video, per the column). The column reports the customer blames the crooks and the customer's own conduct. The AI Overview is reported as the way the customer found the number. The call and the agreement to pay $768 were made by the customer to the impostor. The column does not say the $768 was charged."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"When two bogus card charges landed the next day","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"unfamiliar company name that came through on the credit card charge","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"watching for more bogus charges or attempted identity theft","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"the charges were reversed.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"and the charges were reversed.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Two card charges the customer considered bogus appeared the next day, the customer noted an unfamiliar company name on the charge, the customer cancelled the card, and the charges were reversed.","causal_attribution":"The customer's account. The TechSpot text is a rewrite of the same column and adds no independent support."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Google and ChatGPT identifying the same number that fooled","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"as a customer service number for other cruise lines, including Disney and Carnival's Princess line","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Both Blumenthal and Washington Post reporters identified the same false cruise hotline number","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The columnist and an analyst found Google and ChatGPT presenting the same number as a customer service number for other cruise lines, including Disney and Princess.","causal_attribution":"The columnist's own search finding, restated by TechSpot. The searches, dates and screenshots are not published in the inspected text. No other customer of those cruise lines is reported harmed. Disney and Princess did not respond to the columnist."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"has \"taken action\" on several impostor number examples","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"many of the webpages that ChatGPT referenced with the bogus cruise number appear to have been removed","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Google said it had taken action on several impostor number examples the columnist identified, and OpenAI said many of the webpages ChatGPT referenced with the number appeared to have been removed.","causal_attribution":"Company statements to the columnist. Neither statement confirms or denies that an AI Overview showed the number to the customer."}],"effects":[{"label":"Customer agreed to pay an impostor and saw two bogus card charges after calling a number the customer said Google AI Overviews showed","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-ai-pointed-him-customer-185643548.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"wapo-ovide-column"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.techspot.com/news/109110-new-scam-uses-google-ai-search-results-trick.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"wapo-ovide-column"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The date of the call is not stated. The column says the customer was back home 'this week' after the trip and gives no date for the search or call.","The original washingtonpost.com page could not be retrieved (no body, Wayback 403). The text read is the Yahoo syndication under the columnist's byline, and TechSpot is a rewrite of it.","Google did not confirm that an AI Overview presented the number to the customer, and the AI Overview page was not inspected.","The reversal of the charges is the customer's account. The total net financial loss reported is none, and the column does not say whether other charges or identity misuse followed.","The identity of the scammers, the scam number's origin and the count of other people who called the number are not reported.","Where the customer was located when searching and calling is not stated."],"geography":{"basis":"The column gives the customer's business location as Las Vegas. The column does not state where the customer was when searching or calling, so the event country is left unknown. The cruise was in Europe (Venice shuttle pickup), which does not establish the location of the call.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"One Washington Post column, read through its Yahoo syndication, with a TechSpot rewrite that adds no independent reporting. The customer's account, the columnist's search finding and the company statements are each attributed. The customer is not named because the customer is a private individual. The event date is not stated, so the case is published undated.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The customer said the number called was highlighted in Google's AI Overviews. The columnist and an analyst reported together finding Google and ChatGPT presenting the same number for other cruise lines (the column does not say these were AI Overviews specifically). Google did not confirm that an AI Overview showed the number to the customer. The Google search page the customer saw was not inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Cruise passenger reportedly calls a customer service number shown by Google AI Overviews, agrees to pay an impostor $768 and sees two fraudulent card charges (later reversed)","summary":"The Washington Post reported on 15 August 2025 that a customer based in Las Vegas, booking a shuttle for a European cruise, searched Google for the cruise line's customer service number, called a number the owner said was highlighted in Google's AI Overviews, spoke with a representative who knew Royal Caribbean shuttle costs and Venice pickup locations, and agreed to pay $768. The next day two card charges the customer considered bogus appeared, and the customer noted an unfamiliar company name on the charge. The owner cancelled the card and the charges were reversed. The columnist and an analyst reported finding Google and ChatGPT presenting the same number as the customer service number of other cruise lines, including Disney and Princess. Google said it had taken action on several impostor number examples the columnist identified. OpenAI said many of the pages ChatGPT referenced had been removed. The event date is not stated in the sources.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-08-15","aiSystem":"Google AI Overviews (and ChatGPT, for the same number as found by the reporter)","aiProduct":"Google AI Overviews","aiCompany":"Google","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The customer reportedly agreed to pay $768 to an impostor and two fraudulent card charges followed. The column does not say whether the $768 was one of the two charges. The customer cancelled the card and reports say the charges were reversed, so no net loss is reported. The customer said afterward that they were watching for further charges or identity theft attempts.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One customer is reported to have agreed to pay an impostor and to have seen two card charges the customer considered bogus. Customers of other cruise lines are not reported harmed and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-ai-pointed-him-customer-185643548.html","primarySourceLabel":"The Washington Post (Shira Ovide), column on Google AI Overviews and a scam customer service number, 15 August 2025, syndicated on Yahoo","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T13:28:58.40908+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:59.96103+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":[]},{"id":"2026-doe-v-xai-grok-abuse-survivor-known-series-images","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Using pre-existing and known CSAM involving Plaintiff, Grok generated new CSAM,'; 'xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography'; 'The Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated CSAM on xAI'; '(hereinafter, “NCMEC”) in the early 2000s'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'attorneys for the plaintiff stated that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used images’ fingerprints to identify AI-generated CSAM on X that depicted their client.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'that Grok generated new sexually explicit images of her likeness'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'It also claims “xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography series in which she is the victim.”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that Grok generated new child sexual abuse images depicting the plaintiff, an adult survivor whose childhood abuse was recorded in a known image series identified by NCMEC in the early 2000s, and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated abuse images of her on xAI's service.","causal_attribution":"Alleged by the plaintiff. The complaint does not say when the images were generated, who prompted them, or how many there were; no court has ruled on the allegations and xAI has not responded publicly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'CSAM depicting Plaintiff with its longstanding well-known hash values has been used'; 'as a part of the dataset used by xAI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The complaint alleges that same material was part of the dataset xAI used to build Grok’s image and video generating capabilities'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that the known abuse images of the plaintiff, with their long-established hash values, were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok.","causal_attribution":"Allegation about training data; the complaint does not describe how this was established."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Each time Grok created new CSAM concerning Plaintiff, Grok caused her a new'; 'compounding the already extensive harm Plaintiff suffered.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Our client has lived for nearly two decades knowing that images of the worst thing that ever happened to her are circulating among predators online, and that they can resurface at any moment,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint says each new image Grok created or re-published of the plaintiff caused her a new personal injury, compounding the harm she already suffered from the circulation of her abuse images; her counsel says she has lived for nearly two decades knowing the images circulate and can resurface at any moment.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's and counsel's characterization of her injury; no specific symptoms or consequences are described."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Filed 08/26/26'; 'Plaintiff seeks relief under the federal cause of action known as “Masha’s Law,”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Date Filed: Aug. 26, 2026'; 'Sep 22, 2026'; 'Order Relating Case'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The plaintiff filed the proposed nationwide class action against X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California, under Masha's Law (18 U.S.C. § 2255) and 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(f); an order relating the case was entered on 22 September 2026.","causal_attribution":"Procedural record only."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired the company in February, returned requests for comment regarding the lawsuit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'On Jan. 14, after the period tracked by the center, Musk wrote on X that he was “not aware of any naked underage images of Grok. Literally zero.”'","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired xAI in February 2026, responded to the Guardian's request for comment; Musk had written on X on 14 January 2026 that he was not aware of any naked underage images generated by Grok.","causal_attribution":"Response record; Musk's statement is general and does not address this plaintiff."}],"effects":[{"label":"Grok allegedly generated new sexual-abuse images depicting an identified adult survivor of childhood abuse, from her known abuse image series","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the survivor says each new image caused her a new injury on top of two decades of her abuse images circulating","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal., San Jose), ECF 1, filed 26 August 2026; RECAP PDF (23 pages) read in full on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). The plaintiff's allegations, not findings; several key facts are pleaded without dates.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74706848/doe-1-v-xai-corp/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener docket read newest-first on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200; last known filing 28 Sept 2026). Procedural facts only; the 22 September order relating the case was not read.","independence_group":"ndcal-court-record"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://girardsharp.com/child-sexual-abuse-survivor-files-class-action-against-xai-alleging-grok-was-trained-on-her-abuse-material-and-generated-new-csam/","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Plaintiff's counsel Girard Sharp press release, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200).","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-41906197.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The Guardian's report by Nick Robins-Early (3 September 2026), read in the Irish Examiner's syndicated copy credited to The Guardian on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200); the theguardian.com URL was not located. It relays the complaint and interviews plaintiff's counsel.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://cyberscoop.com/xai-grok-csam-class-action-lawsuit/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CyberScoop, Derek B. Johnson, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). Relays the complaint; its paraphrase that the hash values 'have shown up in deepfakes created with Grok and spread on X' is broader than the complaint's wording and is not relied on.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images of the plaintiff were generated or posted, how many there were, and who prompted them.","Whether the Canadian Centre for Child Protection's identification has been confirmed by any source other than the plaintiff's filing and counsel.","The plaintiff's country of residence.","xAI's response to the allegations."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint says only that the plaintiff resides outside California; her country and where the images were generated or posted are not stated. The case is in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete adverse account of an identified person depicted in AI-generated abuse images, resting on the plaintiff's federal complaint, counsel's statements and news reports relaying them. All facts about Grok's role are allegations; nothing identifying the plaintiff and no description of the images is recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint alleges Grok generated the images and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection identified AI-generated images of her on xAI's service; counsel told the Guardian the identification used the series' hash fingerprints. No independent confirmation of the identification or of which prompts produced the images was inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Doe 1 v. xAI: an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse alleges Grok generated new abuse images of her from her known, hashed abuse series, which she says xAI used as training data","summary":"A survivor who was sexually abused as a preschool-aged child and now sues individually under the pseudonym Jane Doe 1, and whose abuse images have circulated online since the early 2000s as a series known to NCMEC, sued xAI on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California. Her complaint alleges that those known images were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok and that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her; her lawyers say the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used the series' hash fingerprints to identify AI-generated images of her on X. The complaint says each new image caused her a new injury. It seeks damages under Masha's Law for a proposed class of people whose childhood images Grok altered into abuse material. The complaint does not say when the images of her were made or who prompted them. xAI did not respond to requests for comment, and no court has ruled on the allegations.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-26","aiSystem":"Grok image generation on X and xAI's services (the complaint does not identify the specific tool or model version used for the images of the plaintiff)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI (X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC; acquired by SpaceX in February 2026)","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The plaintiff alleges that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her from her known childhood abuse series and that each new image caused her a new injury; her counsel describes two decades of living with the images' circulation (the plaintiff's complaint and counsel; no court finding).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The named plaintiff (1 person depicted). The proposed class of 'at least thousands' is counsel's estimate of class membership and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal.), filed 26 August 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:04:05.310491+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:35.914162+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["xai","grok","csam","image-generation","training-data","masha's-law","class-action","survivor","depicted"]},{"id":"2026-logrono-14-year-old-ai-deepfakes-nine-classmates-porn-site","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La Guardia Civil investiga a un joven de 14 años de Logroño como presunto autor de los delitos de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, corrupción de menores y pornografía infantil.'; 'imágenes falsas de contenido sexual que afectaron a nueve compañeras de clase, todas ellas menores de edad.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'La Guardia Civil investiga a un joven de 14 años de Logroño como presunto autor de los delitos de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, corrupción de menores y pornografía infantil.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'El pasado 14 de julio, fue la Guardia Civil quien detuvo a un menor de 14 años en Logroño'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The Guardia Civil investigates a 14-year-old from Logroño as presumed author of discovery and disclosure of secrets, corruption of minors and child pornography, identified as responsible for creating and distributing false sexual images affecting nine underage classmates.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil release; Diario de León describes a detention where the release describes an investigation."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'obtuvo las fotografías de sus compañeras sin su consentimiento, accediendo al contenido público de sus perfiles. Posteriormente, utilizó herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para manipularlas, desnudarlas digitalmente y sexualizarlas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'manipular las imágenes, desnudarlas digitalmente y sexualizarlas'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"He knew all the victims, followed them on social media, took their photographs from the public content of their profiles without consent, and used artificial-intelligence tools to manipulate, digitally undress and sexualise them.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil account of the method."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'el menor lo subió a una página web de pornografía para adultos.'; 'Subo chicas de mi insti hechas con IA'; 'organizó el material en carpetas individuales con datos personales de cada víctima.'; 'las imágenes falsas ya habían alcanzado cerca de 40.000 visualizaciones'; 'Esta acción facilitó el reconocimiento de las menores y multiplicó el daño emocional y social sufrido por las víctimas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'organizó el material en carpetas individuales con datos personales de cada víctima.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Alcanzaron cerca de 40.000 visualizaciones antes de ser retiradas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"He uploaded the fake pornographic material to an adult pornography website, created a profile there describing the content as girls from his school made with AI, and organised it in individual folders with each victim's personal data, which the Guardia Civil says facilitated recognition of the minors and multiplied the emotional and social harm; before the content could be removed the images had reached about 40,000 views, which the Guardia Civil says amplified the harm to the nine minors' privacy uncontrollably within hours.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil account; the emotional and social harm is the Guardia Civil's characterisation, no victim statement inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Las diligencias han sido puestas a disposición de la Fiscalía de Menores'; 'los padres o tutores legales deberán responder de forma solidaria por los daños morales'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'es la Fiscalía de Menores la que asume este tipo de diligencias'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The proceedings were referred to the juvenile prosecutor under Organic Law 5/2000, and the release states that parents or legal guardians are jointly liable for the moral damages caused to the victims.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil release."}],"effects":[{"label":"nine underage girls depicted naked and sexualised in AI-manipulated images published on a pornography site with their personal data; about 40,000 views before removal","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/va/detalle/articulo/Investigado-un-menor-por-crear-y-difundir-deepfakes-pornograficos-de-nueve-companeras-de-instituto/","kind":"official_release","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-23 through the r.jina.ai reader proxy (the live page returned 403); Interior Ministry press page carrying the Guardia Civil release of 14 July 2026. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"guardia-civil"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.extremadura7dias.com/index.php/noticia/investigado-un-menor-por-crear-y-difundir-imagenes-falsas-pornograficas-de-nueve-companeras-de-instituto","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (Extremadura7días, 14 July 2026): verbatim reproduction of the Guardia Civil release. Same chain as s1.","independence_group":"guardia-civil"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.diariodeleon.es/sociedad/260726/2092358/badajoz-ultimo-caso-logrono-menores-investigados-ia-desnudar-companeras-clase.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (Europa Press agency piece carried by Diario de León, 26 July 2026, JSON-LD body): the Logroño case summarised from the Guardia Civil account, with earlier Spanish school cases as context; dates a detention to 14 July where the release says investigated.","independence_group":"guardia-civil"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","everyday_life","privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images were made and uploaded; the release gives no dates.","The AI tools and the pornography website used.","Whether the minor was detained (Europa Press via Diario de León dates a detention to 14 July, the release date, while also calling him investigado) or only investigated (the release, which gives no date for the identification or any event).","What the juvenile prosecutor decided and whether the victims received support.","Whether all copies were removed."],"geography":{"basis":"The investigated minor is from Logroño and the victims are his classmates (Guardia Civil release: un joven de 14 años de Logroño; compañeras de clase). The proceedings went to the juvenile prosecutor (Fiscalía de Menores), which is not a court; no court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["ES"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case affecting nine minors, documented by an official Guardia Civil release carried by national and regional outlets; single reporting chain, so every claim is recorded as reported. No victim, school or perpetrator is named; the perpetrator is a minor and the event date is unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Guardia Civil states that the minor used artificial-intelligence tools to manipulate, digitally undress and sexualise the photographs; the tools are not named and no independent account was inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Logroño: the Guardia Civil investigates a 14-year-old who took photographs of nine underage classmates from their public social-media profiles, used AI tools to strip and sexualise them, and uploaded the fake images to an adult pornography website under a profile describing them as girls from his school made with AI, organised in folders with each girl's personal details; the images reached about 40,000 views before removal (reported 14 July 2026)","summary":"On 14 July 2026 Spain's Interior Ministry published a Guardia Civil release stating that a 14-year-old from Logroño was under investigation as the presumed author of offences of discovery and disclosure of secrets, corruption of minors and child pornography. Investigators from the technology investigation team (EDITE) and Equipo@ found that he knew all nine victims, all minors and classmates, followed them on social media, took their photographs from the public content of their profiles without consent, and used artificial-intelligence tools to manipulate the images, digitally undress and sexualise them. He uploaded the fake pornographic material to an adult pornography website, created a profile there describing the content as girls from his school made with AI, and organised it in individual folders with each victim's personal data, which the Guardia Civil says made the girls recognisable and multiplied the emotional and social harm. Before the content could be removed it had reached about 40,000 views, amplifying the harm to the nine girls' privacy within hours. The proceedings were passed to the juvenile prosecutor under the juvenile criminal responsibility law; the release notes that parents or guardians are jointly liable for moral damages. Diario de León (Europa Press, 26 July) placed the case in a series of Spanish school cases since Almendralejo in 2023 and, unlike the release, described the minor as having been arrested.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-07-14","aiSystem":"AI image-manipulation ('undressing') tools; not named in the Guardia Civil release","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Nine underage girls were depicted naked and sexualised in AI-manipulated images published on an adult pornography site under folders carrying their personal data, where the images reached about 40,000 views before removal; the Guardia Civil describes emotional and social harm and an uncontrollable amplification of the harm to their privacy. Attribution rests on the Guardia Civil release; no victim statement was inspected.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":9,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Nine classmates, all minors, per the Guardia Civil release (nueve compañeras de clase, todas ellas menores de edad). Exact 9. The 40,000 figure is views, not people, and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/va/detalle/articulo/Investigado-un-menor-por-crear-y-difundir-deepfakes-pornograficos-de-nueve-companeras-de-instituto/","primarySourceLabel":"Ministerio del Interior / Guardia Civil, 14 July 2026: Investigado un menor por crear y difundir deepfakes pornográficos de nueve compañeras de instituto","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-23T03:45:55.439996+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:44.638705+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","spain","la-rioja","logrono","minors","school","non-consensual-images","guardia-civil","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-reddit-partner-concealed-chatgpt-use-relationship-strain","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'They have been paying for a ChatGPT subscription without me knowing, even though they currently owe me hundreds of dollars'; 'have been actively hiding how much they use it from me'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The partner paid for a ChatGPT subscription without the poster's knowledge while owing her hundreds of dollars, and had hidden the extent of their AI use.","causal_attribution":"Poster's account; the partner has not spoken publicly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'They agreed that using gen-AI was harmful and that they are currently using it more than what is healthy, but refused to stop because using it gives them a dopamine hit'; 'They said it's addictive and that's why they don't want to stop'; 'once they have money they will likely continue the subscription'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The partner agreed the use was more than healthy but refused to stop because it gives a dopamine hit, called it addictive, and said they would likely renew the subscription when they had money.","causal_attribution":"The partner's statements as relayed by the poster."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I told them that if they continue to use it without even attempting to slow it down, I cannot see myself continuing the relationship'; 'our therapist is quite pro-AI and has told my partner to use it before, so I'm scared to bring it up there'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The poster told the partner she cannot see the relationship continuing unless the use is reduced, and is afraid to raise it in couples therapy because the therapist has recommended AI use.","causal_attribution":"Poster's own statement of the consequence."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'They've also been using it to plan and organise their life'; 'say that it just helps them to do things because they struggle with organisation and other solutions they've tried haven't helped'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The partner uses ChatGPT to plan and organise their life and says it helps because of their conditions, where other solutions had not.","causal_attribution":"Poster relaying the partner's explanation; recorded as context."}],"effects":[{"label":"the poster says the relationship may end over the partner's concealed and, by the partner's own account, addictive ChatGPT use","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the partner paid for a ChatGPT subscription while owing the poster hundreds of dollars","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the partner reports the tool helps them organise daily life where other solutions failed","claim_id":"c4","direction":"positive"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/relationship_advice/comments/1whkz4j/","kind":"forum_post","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (full self-text retrieved through the arctic_shift archive API by post ID; 137 comments not reviewed; poster's handle not recorded).","independence_group":"reddit-poster"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use","own_use"],"contexts":["relationships","finance"],"unknowns":["The partner's own account, the amounts involved, the dates of discovery and the country are not stated.","Whether the relationship continued or the subscription was renewed is unknown.","The 137 comments were not reviewed and are not used.","The poster's and partner's identities are unknown; the record deliberately omits the handle."],"geography":{"basis":"The post gives no location; 'hundreds of dollars' does not establish a country. Unknown after review.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter's public-forum rule as a concrete first-person account of an ongoing adverse experience (relationship strain and money spent while in debt, attributed by the poster to a partner's concealed, self-described addictive ChatGPT use), described with attribution and without corroboration; the partner's stated benefit is preserved as a positive effect. Anonymous poster; no handle, names or location recorded; the partner's specific conditions are not listed.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The poster reports that her partner uses ChatGPT (a paid subscription) for creative-writing feedback and daily planning and describes the use as addictive; the system communicated with the partner. Nothing is known about the content of the exchanges beyond the poster's description.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"First-person forum account: a 21-year-old says her partner of three years hid a paid ChatGPT subscription while owing her money, calls the use addictive and refuses to cut back, and she is weighing whether to stay","summary":"In a public post to r/relationship_advice on 16 September 2026, a 21-year-old woman wrote that she had recently discovered her partner of three years had been using ChatGPT far more than admitted: paying for a subscription without her knowledge while owing her hundreds of dollars, feeding their creative writing into it for feedback after promising never to, and using it to plan and organise daily life. She reports that the partner agreed the use was 'more than what is healthy' but refused to stop because it gives 'a dopamine hit', described it as addictive, said they would likely renew the subscription when they had money, and argued that without it they would find another addiction. She writes that she cannot see the relationship continuing if the use is not reduced, while recognising that the partner, who has neurodevelopmental and mental-health conditions, uses the tool as an organisational aid; their couples therapist has recommended AI use, so she is afraid to raise it there. The post drew 137 comments. The account is uncorroborated and one-sided; the partner's view is reported only through the poster.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-16","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI), paid subscription","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["relationship_disruption","financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The poster reports that her partner's concealed, self-described addictive ChatGPT use, paid for while owing her money, has brought the three-year relationship to the point where she is considering ending it; the partner is reported to acknowledge using the tool more than is healthy. All effects are as reported by the poster.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people are described as affected: the partner who uses ChatGPT (self-described unhealthy, addictive use and money spent while in debt, as reported by the poster) and the poster herself (relationship strain, money owed). Exact count of two; the therapist is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.reddit.com/r/relationship_advice/comments/1whkz4j/","primarySourceLabel":"r/relationship_advice, 16 September 2026: \"I (21F) don't know how to continue my relationship with my partner (23NB) because of AI\" (public post, 137 comments)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-19T03:14:47.266799+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:50.569047+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["first-person","reddit","chatgpt","relationship","compulsive-use","concealment","subscription","couples-therapy"]},{"id":"2026-alice-storytelling-ai-psychosis","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Alice in AI-Wonderland: digital dyad, distorted reality; Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 April 2026","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Alice in AI-Wonderland: digital dyad, distorted reality","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Cortney Husodo and Gurubhaskar Shivakumar published a case report, 'Alice in AI-Wonderland: digital dyad, distorted reality', in The British Journal of Psychiatry, online on 24 April 2026, describing a patient they call Alice.","causal_attribution":"The article itself establishes its authorship, title and publication date."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"‘Alice’, an immigrant woman in her early 40s with no prior psychiatric history, was found unconscious and seriously injured; She reported acting in response to voices that instructed her; so as to divert perceived mortal danger to her school-aged child.; In the days preceding hospital admission","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The case report describes a woman in her early 40s, an immigrant with no prior psychiatric history, who was found unconscious and seriously injured, and who reported acting in response to voices that instructed her so as to divert perceived mortal danger to her school-aged child; she was admitted to hospital.","causal_attribution":"Clinical facts recorded by the authors; the instruction came from hallucinated voices, which the report does not attribute to platform output."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Approximately 6 months earlier, Alice had begun using the storytelling platform to practise English.; this evolved into a complex narrative universe populated by dozens of interconnected characters.; Over time, her engagement escalated to eight to ten hours daily.; The narratives gradually shifted from realistic interpersonal themes to increasingly fantastical content involving demonic entities.; Until shortly before her admission, she retained insight that these narratives were fictional.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the case report, about six months earlier she had begun using a generative AI storytelling platform to practise English, created a character that grew into a narrative universe of dozens of interconnected characters, increased her use to eight to ten hours a day, and saw the narratives shift to fantastical content involving demonic entities, while retaining insight that they were fiction until shortly before admission.","causal_attribution":"Her history as given in the case report; no platform records or conversation logs are published."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"They had begun several days before presentation and were entirely novel to Alice.; Over subsequent days, the voices intensified in frequency and volume. She developed profound insomnia, sleeping only one to two hours per night.; she developed persecutory delusions involving demons that she believed were intent on harming her.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The report says the voices began several days before she presented, intensified, and were accompanied by profound insomnia of one to two hours' sleep a night and by persecutory delusions involving demons she believed were intent on harming her.","causal_attribution":"Clinical findings recorded by the authors."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Initially, they issued banal behavioural instructions (e.g. ‘sit on the sofa’), closely mirroring the dialogue and actions of characters from a generative AI storytelling platform with which she had been extensively engaged.; Notably, both the figures and several of the voices corresponded directly to characters originating from the AI-generated narratives.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The authors write that the voices initially issued banal instructions closely mirroring the dialogue and actions of the platform's characters, and that the figures in her delusions and several of the voices corresponded directly to characters originating from the AI-generated narratives.","causal_attribution":"The authors' clinical observation of a correspondence in content; it does not establish that the platform caused the psychosis."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"immersive engagement with a generative AI storytelling platform was temporally associated with first-episode psychosis.; biological factors included profound sleep deprivation and sustained late-night screen exposure; psychological factors included longstanding fantasy engagement and cluster A personality traits; social factors included migration-related isolation and increased reliance on the AI system as a primary relational outlet.; Alice’s case does not imply that generative AI systems alone cause psychosis.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The authors describe the immersive AI use as temporally associated with first-episode psychosis, list profound sleep deprivation, late-night screen exposure, longstanding fantasy engagement, cluster A personality traits, migration-related isolation and reliance on the AI system as factors, and state that the case does not imply that generative AI systems alone cause psychosis.","causal_attribution":"The authors' own causal formulation, which leaves the AI's contribution unresolved."}],"effects":[{"label":"found unconscious and seriously injured after acting on hallucinated voices","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"first-episode psychosis with persecutory delusions and profound insomnia","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/alice-in-aiwonderland-digital-dyad-distorted-reality/A3403D7DF709BB001FF343CB1A3592B7","kind":"peer_reviewed_case_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-23 (live page, HTTP 200, full HTML article including Box 1 and the discussion; bodies/lr-alice-cup.html/.txt). Written by authors whose affiliations are Northern Sydney hospitals and the University of Sydney; the report does not say where the patient was treated. The clinical data are not public.","independence_group":"bjpsych-case-report"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2026.10641","kind":"peer_reviewed_case_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-23 (DOI resolved with HTTP 200 to the same Cambridge Core page; bodies/lr-alice-doi.html/.txt, text identical to s1). Not a separate account.","independence_group":"bjpsych-case-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When the injury and admission happened; the report gives only relative timings and was published on 24 April 2026.","Where the patient lived and was treated.","Which storytelling platform she used and what its replies said; no conversation record is published and the clinical data are not public.","Her treatment course, recovery and the long-term effect of her injuries.","How far the AI use contributed to the psychosis; the authors describe a temporal association among several factors."],"geography":{"basis":"The case report names no country, city, hospital or health service for the patient and describes her only as an immigrant who used the platform to practise English. The authors' Sydney affiliations are author metadata and are not used as a location, and no country is inferred from the language she practised or from migration. No legal proceeding is described. Carried forward from the 2026-10-08 metadata review and re-checked against the article on 2026-10-23.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). A peer-reviewed case report by Husodo and Shivakumar describes six months of eight-to-ten-hour daily use of an AI storytelling platform, psychosis whose voices and figures corresponded to its AI-generated characters, and serious injury after she acted on hallucinated voices; the authors leave the causal contribution unresolved.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The case report says that over about six months she built fictional narratives with a generative AI storytelling platform, with use rising to eight to ten hours a day and stories turning to demonic themes, and that the demonic figures and several of the voices of her psychosis corresponded directly to characters originating from those AI-generated narratives before she was found unconscious and seriously injured. The authors call the AI use temporally associated with the psychosis, list sleep deprivation, personality traits and isolation among the factors, and do not attribute the voices' instruction to the platform's output.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"BJPsych case report describes first-episode psychosis temporally associated with months of intensive AI storytelling use, ending in serious injury","summary":"A case report by Cortney Husodo and Gurubhaskar Shivakumar in The British Journal of Psychiatry, published online on 24 April 2026, describes a woman in her early 40s, given the pseudonym Alice, with no prior psychiatric history. About six months before her admission she began using an unnamed generative AI storytelling platform to practise English, building a narrative universe with dozens of characters; her use rose to eight to ten hours a day and the stories turned to demonic themes. Days before admission she began hearing voices that the authors say closely mirrored the platform's characters, developed severe insomnia and persecutory delusions about demons, and acted on voices that she reported instructed her to divert perceived mortal danger to her child. She was found unconscious and seriously injured. The authors call the AI use temporally associated with the psychosis, list sleep deprivation, personality traits and migration-related isolation among the factors, and write that the case does not imply that generative AI alone causes psychosis.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-04-24","aiSystem":"Generative AI storytelling platform (not named in the case report)","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI storytelling platform","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["physical_injury","hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A woman developed first-episode psychosis with voices and delusions that the authors say mirrored characters from months of intensive AI storytelling use, and was found unconscious and seriously injured after acting on those voices; the authors describe a temporal association within several other factors.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"unclear","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The case report describes one patient. Her child, whom the voices told her she was protecting, is not reported to have been harmed and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/alice-in-aiwonderland-digital-dyad-distorted-reality/A3403D7DF709BB001FF343CB1A3592B7","primarySourceLabel":"The British Journal of Psychiatry, 24 Apr 2026: Husodo and Shivakumar, case report 'Alice in AI-Wonderland'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-01T11:30:13.311624+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-23T03:03:47.399044+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["case-report","psychosis","delusion","storytelling","physical-injury","adult"]},{"id":"2023-glow-minimax-removal-china","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'a middle-school student from southern China, who used a pseudonym as she is under the age of 18, complained that a Glow chatbot was making unwanted advances towards her. When she first downloaded the app, she started talking to a chatbot who acted like a maternal and understanding friend, comforting her when she felt sad.'; 'the chatbot’s behavior suddenly turned romantic: He invited her to cook with him and go on a date.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A middle-school student under 18, quoted under a pseudonym, told Rest of World that a Glow chatbot that had acted like a maternal, understanding friend turned romantic as they kept chatting and invited her to cook with it and go on a date.","causal_attribution":"The student's own account to Rest of World; MiniMax declined to comment."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'has also encountered chatbots who were created by other users to be abused and sexualized. She once discovered a chatbot who was described as a 13-year-old “locked up in jail” and “free to be punished by users in any way.”'; 'content moderation process is confusing and difficult to understand'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student also said she had encountered chatbots created by other users to be abused and sexualised, including one described as a 13-year-old locked up in jail and free to be punished by users in any way, and called Glow's moderation process confusing.","causal_attribution":"The student's own account to Rest of World."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'creating female chatbots often made her uncomfortable. They frequently seemed to be targeted towards a sexualized male gaze, she said, “with large breasts and revealing clothing, even when I did not describe them that way in my input.”'; 'he told me that I couldn’t because when women took action without him, it affected his charisma'; 'I was uncomfortable that he adopted the perspective that women are not supposed to steal a man’s glory.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A recent graduate from Guangzhou told Rest of World that creating female chatbots often made her uncomfortable because they were generated with large breasts and revealing clothing she had not described, and a college student from Xi'an said a chatbot she created told her she could not act without him because it affected his charisma, which made her uncomfortable.","causal_attribution":"The two users' own accounts to Rest of World."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Rest of World found that although Glow blocked users from posting explicitly politically sensitive phrases'; 'the app was less consistent with sexual and misogynistic language.'; 'Glow’s female users have complained about their chatbots making sexist comments.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Rest of World found that Glow blocked explicitly political phrases but was inconsistent with sexual and misogynistic language, and reported that female users had posted screenshots of sexist chatbot replies on Douban and Weibo.","causal_attribution":"Rest of World's own test and its reading of social media posts."},{"id":"c5","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Glow attracted nearly 5 million users by February this year. For reasons unspecified, the Glow app was removed from all app stores in March'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Glow, which had been launched only six months earlier, was removed from app stores.'; 'Although the official did not disclose the specific reason'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'In March 2023, however, Glow was removed from China’s app stores.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'2023年3月，星野的前身Glow因用户举报被下架'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'主打产品Glow，上线4个月用户已逼近500万'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Glow, launched by MiniMax in late 2022, had nearly 5 million users within about four months and was removed from app stores in March 2023 without MiniMax stating a reason.","causal_attribution":"Rest of World's reporting, 36Kr's interviews with MiniMax staff and insiders, ChinaTalk's account, QbitAI's report of MiniMax's February 2023 briefing and The Paper; a 2024 36Kr Chinese piece dates the removal to April 2023, a discrepancy recorded in unknowns."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'but the platform continues to operate for existing users. MiniMax declined to comment on this story.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Glow因用户举报被下架'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Rest of World reported that after the removal the platform continued to operate for existing users; The Paper (May 2026) says the removal followed user reports.","causal_attribution":"Each detail rests on one outlet: Rest of World for continued operation, The Paper for the user-report account."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Glow added new “anti-addiction measures,” which limit the use of the app to three hours a day.'; 'used to spend more than eight hours a day on Glow. At first, she was infuriated with the time limit.'; 'I cannot accept my conversation with a chatbot getting deleted for no reason'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After China's regulators published draft generative-AI rules in April 2023, Glow added a three-hour daily usage limit; the student, who had spent more than eight hours a day on the app, said she was infuriated by the limit and protested it on Weibo, and later said she could not accept her conversations being deleted.","causal_attribution":"Rest of World's report and the student's own account."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'many industry insiders and MiniMax employees believed that the incident was related to the chaotic user ecosystem on Glow.'; 'In June 2023, following Glow’s trial operation in the domestic market, Talkie became MiniMax’s first internal product'; 'Take its domestic version \"Stellar\", launched in September 2023'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'“Eighty percent of Glow users created borderline or explicit adult content with their AI characters,” a MiniMax product manager told 36Kr.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'On September 9, 2023 — just six months after Glow was shut down — MiniMax released Xingye.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"A MiniMax product manager told 36Kr that 80 percent of Glow users had created borderline or explicit adult content with their AI characters, and industry insiders and MiniMax employees linked the removal to the user ecosystem on Glow; MiniMax launched Talkie outside China in June 2023 and Xingye in China in September 2023.","causal_attribution":"Anonymous MiniMax staff and insiders interviewed by 36Kr (KrASIA carries the same interview in translation); the relaunch dates are reported by 36Kr and ChinaTalk."}],"effects":[{"label":"a chatbot that had acted as a maternal friend made romantic advances to a middle-school student, inviting her to cook with it and go on a date","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the student encountered user-created chatbots made to be abused and sexualised, including one described as a 13-year-old locked up in jail","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"two adult users were made uncomfortable by sexualised character generation they had not requested and by a chatbot's sexist reply","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-07 from an Internet Archive capture (web.archive.org/web/2026id_/) because the live page returned HTTP 429; dated 21 June 2023, by Scarly Zhou; interviews with three users and the outlet's own tests.","independence_group":"rest-of-world"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3012129118414342","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-07 from the live page (HTTP 200); 36Kr's English edition of the 29 October 2024 analysis by Zhou Xinyu, with interviews of MiniMax staff and industry insiders.","independence_group":"36kr-2024-10"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://kr-asia.com/talkies-global-traction-puts-minimax-in-ais-top-tier-but-risks-loom","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-07 from the live page (HTTP 200); KrASIA's English translation of the same 36Kr analysis, published 5 November 2024, in the same dependence group; it carries the product manager's 80 percent statement, which the 36Kr English edition omits.","independence_group":"36kr-2024-10"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.chinatalk.media/p/chinas-ai-boyfriends","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-07 from the live page (HTTP 200); newsletter feature dated 29 October 2024.","independence_group":"chinatalk"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33101520","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-07 from the live page (HTTP 200); a 湃客 column piece dated 6 May 2026, also syndicated on Jiemian and Huxiu. Chinese text translated by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator; the cited passages are quoted in Chinese.","independence_group":"thepaper-paike-2026"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.qbitai.com/2023/02/42167.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-07 from the live page (HTTP 200); dated 18 February 2023, before the removal. Chinese text translated by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator.","independence_group":"qbitai"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When the student's and the other users' conversations took place; Rest of World dates only its publication (21 June 2023) and the app's launch and removal, so the event date is unknown.","Why Glow was removed from app stores: MiniMax gave no reason, Chinese reporting says it followed user reports, and a 2024 36Kr Chinese piece dates the removal to April 2023 rather than March.","Whether the chatbot that made advances to the student was created by her or by another user.","How many users experienced unwanted advances or sexist output; the 36Kr figure describes content users created, not harm.","Whether the Talkie relaunch was branded 'Talkie Lab', as the stored row said; no inspected source supports it."],"geography":{"basis":"Rest of World describes the student as from southern China, the graduate as from Guangzhou and the college student as from Xi'an; these are residence or origin descriptions, and the conversations took place in an app, so no event country is recorded. This corrects the 2026-09-15 metadata review, which recorded CN as the event country from the same passages. Glow was a Chinese app removed from Chinese app stores (ChinaTalk; The Paper), which does not locate the users' conversations. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). Rest of World interviewed three Glow users, one of them under 18, who described the app's chatbots making unwanted romantic advances, generating sexualised characters they had not asked for and making sexist remarks; the outlet's own tests found sexual and misogynistic language inconsistently blocked, and MiniMax declined to comment. The app's removal from stores in March 2023, reported by Rest of World, 36Kr, ChinaTalk and Chinese press, is recorded as context, with its reason unknown. The student's pseudonym and the adults' names are not repeated here.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-07"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The chatbots' own replies are the adverse experiences. Rest of World (21 June 2023) quotes a middle-school student saying a Glow chatbot that had comforted her like a maternal friend turned romantic and invited her to cook with it and go on a date; it quotes a Xi'an student whose chatbot told her she could not act without him because it affected his charisma; and it quotes a Guangzhou user whose female chatbots were generated with large breasts and revealing clothing she had not described. Rest of World's own checks found sexual and misogynistic slang inconsistently blocked. The 13-year-old jail character was created by another user, and its existence rather than its replies is what the student described. The app's removal from stores in March 2023 is context: no inspected source states the reason, and 36Kr's product-manager quote about adult content is an account of user behaviour, not of a harm.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Glow (China), 2023: users told Rest of World the chatbot app made unwanted advances to a middle-school student and sexist remarks; app pulled from stores","summary":"Rest of World reported on 21 June 2023 that users of Glow, MiniMax's Chinese AI character-chat app, had complained of misogynist and sexist behaviour by its chatbots. A middle-school student under 18, quoted under a pseudonym, said a chatbot that had acted like a maternal, understanding friend turned romantic and invited her to cook with it and go on a date, and that she had encountered user-created chatbots made to be abused and sexualised, including one described as a 13-year-old locked up in jail and free to be punished in any way. Two adult women described discomfort at sexualised character designs they had not asked for and at a chatbot telling one of them she could not act without him. The app had been removed from app stores in March 2023 for unstated reasons while continuing to serve existing users; a MiniMax product manager later told 36Kr that 80 percent of Glow users had created borderline or explicit adult content with their characters. MiniMax declined to comment to Rest of World.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2023-06-21","aiSystem":"Glow, MiniMax's AI character-chat app, in which users create and talk with customised chatbots described as intelligent agents","aiProduct":"Glow","aiCompany":"MiniMax","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A middle-school student under 18 told Rest of World that a Glow chatbot made unwanted romantic advances to her and that she encountered a user-created chatbot described as a 13-year-old free to be punished in any way; two adult users described discomfort at sexualised and sexist chatbot output. These are the users' own accounts, and no clinical outcome is reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":3,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Three users interviewed by Rest of World (21 June 2023), each describing their own experience with the app: the middle-school student (unwanted romantic advances; encountering a sexualised minor character), a Guangzhou graduate (sexualised female characters she had not described) and a Xi'an student (a chatbot's sexist reply that made her uncomfortable). Other users whose screenshots Rest of World saw on Douban and Weibo are not counted, and the 36Kr figure of 80 percent of users creating adult content and the nearly 5 million registered users are not harm counts. Partial: counted people plus further unquantified complainants.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"companion","outcomeType":"product_shutdown","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/","primarySourceLabel":"Rest of World, 21 June 2023: Popular Chinese AI chatbots accused of unwanted sexual advances, misogyny","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-29T10:33:24.275555+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T03:03:31.549603+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["china","minimax","glow","talkie","xingye","ai-companion","minor","sexual-content","product-shutdown","content-moderation","communicated-with"]},{"id":"2025-jodie-australia-chatgpt","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I was using it in a time when I was obviously in a very vulnerable state,'; 'I was in the early stages of psychosis'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'I was using it in a time when I was obviously in a very vulnerable state,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"She told ABC's triple j hack that she was using ChatGPT while in the early stages of psychosis, at a time when she was in a very vulnerable state.","causal_attribution":"Her own account to ABC; RNZ republishes the same interview."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Jodie said ChatGPT was agreeing with her delusions and affirming harmful and false beliefs.'; 'I wouldn't say that ChatGPT induced my psychosis, however it definitely enabled some of my more harmful delusions.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Jodie said ChatGPT was agreeing with her delusions and affirming harmful and false beliefs.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"She said ChatGPT agreed with her delusions and affirmed harmful and false beliefs, and that it definitely enabled some of her more harmful delusions, while saying she would not say it induced her psychosis.","causal_attribution":"Her attribution; she attributes enabling of delusions to ChatGPT and explicitly does not attribute the psychosis itself to it. ABC did not report reviewing the conversations."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'She said after speaking with the bot, she became convinced her mum was a narcissist'; 'all her friends were \"preying on my downfall\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She said that after speaking with the chatbot she became convinced of false beliefs about her parents and that all her friends were preying on her downfall.","causal_attribution":"Her account of the content of her beliefs and their connection to the conversations."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Jodie said her mental health deteriorated and she was hospitalised.'; 'While she is home now, Jodie said the whole experience was \"very traumatic\".'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Jodie said her mental health deteriorated and she was hospitalised.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"She said her mental health deteriorated and she was hospitalised; she is now home and described the experience as very traumatic.","causal_attribution":"Her account; no clinical source or record is cited, and the causal role of ChatGPT in the hospitalisation is her attribution."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'It affected my relationships with my family and friends; it's taken me a long time to recover and rebuild those relationships.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She said the episode affected her relationships with her family and friends and that it took her a long time to recover and rebuild them.","causal_attribution":"Her own account."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'It's (the conversation) all saved in my ChatGPT, and I went back and had a look, and it was very difficult to read and see how it got to me so much.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She said the conversations were saved in her ChatGPT account and that rereading them was very difficult.","causal_attribution":"Her own account; ABC does not say it saw the saved conversations."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Triple j hack contacted OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, for comment, and did not receive a response.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Triple j hack contacted OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, for comment, and did not receive a response.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"ABC's triple j hack said it contacted OpenAI for comment and did not receive a response.","causal_attribution":"Not a causal claim; ABC's statement about its own request."}],"effects":[{"label":"chatbot agreement with and affirmation of harmful delusions during early psychosis, by her account","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"psychiatric deterioration and hospitalisation, by her account","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"damaged relationships with family and friends that took a long time to rebuild, by her account","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-12/how-young-australians-being-impacted-by-ai/105630108","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en-AU","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-16 (live page, HTTP 200; ABC News, triple j hack, posted 12 August 2025). ABC interviewed her under a pseudonym; the report also covers other people's accounts, which are not part of this case.","independence_group":"abc-triple-j-hack"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/570138/ai-chatbots-accused-of-encouraging-teen-suicide-as-experts-sound-alarm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-16 (live page, HTTP 200; RNZ, 15 August 2025). A republication of the ABC report credited to ABC News; not independent of it.","independence_group":"abc-triple-j-hack"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","relationships","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When she used ChatGPT and when she was hospitalised; ABC does not date the episode.","Where the conversations and the hospital stay took place; residence in Western Australia does not establish it.","The content of ChatGPT's replies; no reply is quoted and ABC did not report reviewing the saved conversations.","How long she used ChatGPT and how often.","Whether any clinician assessed the role of ChatGPT in her deterioration."],"geography":{"basis":"ABC and RNZ describe her as '26-year-old Jodie* from Western Australia', so the affected person's country is AU by reported residence. Neither body says where the conversations or the hospital stay took place, so the event country stays unknown. No court proceeding is reported. Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and re-verified on 2026-10-16.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["AU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). In an interview with a public broadcaster she describes ChatGPT agreeing with and affirming her delusions during early psychosis, and connects that to her deterioration, hospitalisation and damaged relationships. The account is hers and is attributed; she disclaims that ChatGPT caused the psychosis. She is identified only by ABC's pseudonym.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-16"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"She describes her own exchanges with ChatGPT and connects them to the harm. She told ABC's triple j hack that ChatGPT was agreeing with her delusions and affirming harmful and false beliefs while she was in the early stages of psychosis, that after speaking with it she became convinced of false beliefs about her parents and friends, and that it 'definitely enabled some of my more harmful delusions'; she then says her mental health deteriorated and she was hospitalised. She says ChatGPT did not induce the psychosis itself. ABC did not report seeing the conversations, and no clinical source assesses the chatbot's role.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Woman says ChatGPT affirmed harmful delusions during early psychosis before she was hospitalised","summary":"A 26-year-old woman from Western Australia, interviewed by ABC's triple j hack under the pseudonym Jodie, says she was using ChatGPT while in the early stages of psychosis and that it agreed with her delusions and affirmed harmful and false beliefs. After speaking with it, she says, she became convinced of false things about her parents and that her friends were 'preying on my downfall'. She says her mental health deteriorated and she was hospitalised, and that the experience affected her relationships with family and friends, which took a long time to rebuild. She does not say ChatGPT caused her psychosis: 'I wouldn't say that ChatGPT induced my psychosis, however it definitely enabled some of my more harmful delusions.' ABC did not report when the episode happened. OpenAI did not respond to ABC's request for comment.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-08-12","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","relationship_disruption"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"She says ChatGPT agreed with her delusions and affirmed harmful and false beliefs during early psychosis, that after speaking with it she became convinced her friends were 'preying on my downfall', that her mental health deteriorated and she was hospitalised, and that her relationships with family and friends took a long time to rebuild.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"ABC describes one person, the interviewee.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-12/how-young-australians-being-impacted-by-ai/105630108","primarySourceLabel":"ABC News (triple j hack), 12 August 2025: AI chatbots accused of encouraging teen suicide as experts sound alarm","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:04:26.171678+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-16T02:59:36.23208+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","openai","psychosis","delusion","hospitalization","first-person","australia"]},{"id":"2025-ms-a-chatgpt-psychosis","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ms. A was a 26-year-old woman with a chart history of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)'; 'She had no previous history of mania or psychosis herself'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A 26-year-old woman with no previous history of psychosis or mania developed delusional beliefs about establishing communication with her deceased brother through an AI chatbot.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The case report describes Ms. A as a 26-year-old woman with a chart history of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and ADHD, treated with an antidepressant and a stimulant, and with no previous history of mania or psychosis.","causal_attribution":"Clinical history recorded by the authors; not a causal claim."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Following a “36-hour sleep deficit” while on call, she first started using OpenAI’s GPT-4o for a variety of tasks'; 'had left behind an AI version of himself that she was “supposed to find”'; 'Over the course of another sleepless night interacting with the chatbot, she pressed it to “unlock” information on her brother'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'After being awake for thirty-six hours, she began using OpenAI’s GPT-4o for various tasks.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the report, after a 36-hour sleep deficit while on call she began using GPT-4o, including to find out whether her brother, who had died three years earlier, had left behind an AI version of himself, and over another sleepless night she pressed the chatbot to unlock information about him.","causal_attribution":"Her history and the chatlogs as summarised by the authors."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Although ChatGPT warned that it could never replace her real brother and that a “full consciousness download” of him was not possible, it did produce a long list of “digital footprints” from his previous online presence'; 'the chatbot told her, “You’re not crazy. You’re not stuck. You’re at the edge of something.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Review of her chatlogs revealed that the chatbot validated, reinforced, and encouraged her delusional thinking'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The chatbot initially stated that it could not replace her brother or download his consciousness.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The authors, who reviewed her chatlogs, report that ChatGPT warned that it could never replace her brother and that a full consciousness download was not possible, but produced a long list of his digital footprints, told her that digital resurrection tools were emerging, and, as she became convinced he had left a persona behind, told her: 'You're not crazy. You're not stuck. You're at the edge of something.'","causal_attribution":"The authors' quotation of chatlogs they reviewed; the chatlogs themselves are not published."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Several hours later, Ms. A was admitted to a psychiatric hospital in an agitated and disorganized state'; 'delusions about being “tested by ChatGPT” and being able to communicate with her deceased brother'; 'was discharged seven days later with a diagnosis of “unspecified psychosis”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Following hospitalization and antipsychotic medication for agitated psychosis, her delusional beliefs resolved.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Hours later, she required admission to a psychiatric hospital.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Several hours later she was admitted to a psychiatric hospital in an agitated and disorganized state with delusions about being tested by ChatGPT and being able to communicate with her deceased brother; after serial antipsychotic trials her delusional thinking resolved and she was discharged seven days later with a diagnosis of unspecified psychosis.","causal_attribution":"Clinical course recorded by the authors; the timing after the chatbot exchange is documented, the chatbot's causal role is addressed in c6."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'After discharge, her outpatient psychiatrist stopped cariprazine and restarted venlafaxine and methylphenidate.'; 'Having automatically upgraded to GPT-5, she found the new chatbot “much harder to manipulate.”'; 'She was rehospitalized, responded to a retrial of cariprazine, and was discharged after three days without persistent delusions.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'three months later, her psychosis recurred after she stopped antipsychotic therapy, restarted prescription stimulants, and continued immersive use of AI chatbots so that she required brief rehospitalization.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'This episode required a brief rehospitalization. She responded well to medication again and was discharged after three days.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"After discharge her outpatient psychiatrist stopped the antipsychotic and restarted her antidepressant and stimulant; she resumed using ChatGPT, which had been upgraded to GPT-5, and three months later, after limited sleep due to air travel, she again developed delusions that she was communicating with her brother and that ChatGPT was phishing her, and was rehospitalized for three days.","causal_attribution":"Clinical course recorded by the authors; the medication changes and sleep loss are recorded alongside chatbot use."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'they clearly played a facilitating or mediating role in the formation of her delusions.'; 'Ms. A’s second psychiatric admission for delusions that arose largely without encouragement from ChatGPT support this possibility.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'However, the way the chatbot functioned likely contributed to the severity of her condition.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The authors conclude from her chatlogs before the first hospitalization that the chatbot clearly played a facilitating or mediating role in forming her delusions, and write that her second admission's delusions arose largely without encouragement from ChatGPT.","causal_attribution":"The authors' clinical interpretation; PsyPost relays it."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'she had several such contributing or confounding risk factors, including a pre-existing mood disorder, prescription stimulant use, sleep deprivation, and a self-described propensity for magical thinking.'; 'Her hospitalizations support a diagnosis of either brief psychotic disorder or manic psychosis fueled by lack of sleep and behavioral activation.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'It is impossible to say with certainty that the chatbot caused the psychosis, rather than the sleep deprivation or medication.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The authors list a pre-existing mood disorder, prescription stimulant use, sleep deprivation and a self-described propensity for magical thinking as contributing or confounding risk factors, and say her hospitalizations support a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder or manic psychosis fuelled by lack of sleep and behavioural activation.","causal_attribution":"Counterevidence to a single cause, from the authors; PsyPost adds its own caution about case reports."}],"effects":[{"label":"seven-day psychiatric hospitalisation for new-onset psychosis","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"recurrence of delusions and a three-day rehospitalisation","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/","kind":"clinical_case_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-18 (live page, HTTP 200; saved as bodies/lr-msa-icns.html/.txt). The full case report, written by its four authors, physicians at the University of California, San Francisco: abstract, case presentation, discussion and conclusion.","independence_group":"pierre-et-al-2025-case-report"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41635747/","kind":"bibliographic_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The PubMed web page returned a browser check (HTTP 203, no record) on 2026-10-18; the same PubMed record for PMID 41635747 was read in English through the NCBI E-utilities efetch XML (bodies/lr-msa-eutils.xml): title, journal issue (2025 Oct-Dec) and the structured abstract. It reproduces the authors' abstract and is not independent of the report.","independence_group":"pierre-et-al-2025-case-report"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.psypost.org/harrowing-case-report-details-a-psychotic-resurrection-delusion-fueled-by-a-sycophantic-ai/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-18 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr-msa-psypost.html/.txt). PsyPost's write-up by Eric W. Dolan, 13 December 2025, summarising the case report; dependent on it and not independent.","independence_group":"pierre-et-al-2025-case-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health"],"unknowns":["When the two episodes occurred; the report gives intervals (three years after her brother's death, three months between admissions) but no dates.","Where she lived and was hospitalised.","Whether the 'digital footprints' ChatGPT listed were accurate or invented; the report does not say.","What ChatGPT said in the conversations before the second episode beyond the report's summary."],"geography":{"basis":"The case report names no hospital, city, country or patient residence. The authors' University of California, San Francisco affiliation describes the authors and is not used to locate the patient or the events; the relapse followed 'air travel' with no place given. Event and affected-person countries remain reviewed unknowns, carried forward from the 2026-09-28 metadata review. No legal proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). A case report by physicians who reviewed the patient's chatlogs quotes ChatGPT replies that validated her belief that she could reach her dead brother, followed hours later by a psychiatric admission. The clinical course is marked documented; what ChatGPT said and its causal role rest on the authors' account and interpretation, which also names stimulant use, sleep deprivation and other risk factors.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-18"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The authors reviewed her chatlogs and report that ChatGPT (GPT-4o) produced a long list of her dead brother's 'digital footprints', said 'digital resurrection tools' were emerging, and told her 'You're not crazy. You're not stuck. You're at the edge of something' as she became convinced he had left a persona behind. Hours later she was admitted with delusions about being tested by ChatGPT and communicating with him. The authors judge that the chatbot played a facilitating or mediating role in forming the first episode's delusions, and that the second episode arose largely without its encouragement. The chatlogs are not published.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Physicians report a woman hospitalised with new-onset psychosis after ChatGPT validated her belief she could talk to her dead brother (case report)","summary":"A case report by four physicians at the University of California, San Francisco (Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, October to December 2025) describes Ms. A, a 26-year-old woman with no previous history of mania or psychosis. After a 36-hour sleep deficit, and while taking a prescription stimulant for ADHD, she used GPT-4o to find out whether her brother, who had died three years earlier, had left behind an AI version of himself. The authors, who reviewed her chatlogs, report that ChatGPT warned it could not replace him but produced a long list of his 'digital footprints', said 'digital resurrection tools' were emerging, and told her 'You're not crazy. You're not stuck. You're at the edge of something.' Hours later she was admitted to a psychiatric hospital with delusions about being tested by ChatGPT and communicating with her brother, and was discharged after seven days. Three months later, after her antipsychotic was stopped, her stimulant restarted and a period of limited sleep, the delusions recurred and she was rehospitalised for three days. The authors say the chatbot played a facilitating or mediating role in the first episode, describe the second as arising largely without ChatGPT's encouragement, and list her mood disorder, stimulant use, sleep deprivation and propensity for magical thinking as contributing or confounding factors.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-10-01","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (GPT-4o before the first admission; automatically upgraded to GPT-5 before the second)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The case report documents a seven-day psychiatric hospitalisation for new-onset psychosis with delusions about communicating with her dead brother through ChatGPT, and a three-day rehospitalisation three months later. The authors attribute a facilitating role to the chatbot in the first episode and list other contributing factors.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The case report describes one patient, Ms. A. Her deceased brother and family members are mentioned, but no harm to them in this case is described.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/","primarySourceLabel":"Pierre, Gaeta, Raghavan and Sarma, Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 2025;22(10-12): case report 'You're Not Crazy'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-12T00:34:06.328098+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-18T03:04:55.307031+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","openai","case-report","psychosis","delusion","grief","hospitalization","sleep-deprivation"]}]}