{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T16:01:53.870Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "education", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "core", "evidence": "", "year": "2023", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 2, "coverage": { "cases": 2, "countries": 2, "languages": 3, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 1, "coreRelations": 2, "contextualRelations": 1, "mixedRelations": 1, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2023-ho-chi-minh-city-huflit-ai-essay-half-marks-deducted", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Hôm bữa thứ 5 giảng viên mới phát bài ra, nhận điểm mà xỉu ngang vì cô phát hiện bài viết dùng AI và trừ điểm' (on Thursday the lecturer returned the essays and I nearly fainted at the mark because she found the essay used AI and deducted marks); 'dùng những phần mềm dịch thuật từ Việt sang Anh cũng có nguy cơ tính là AI, và bị check đạo văn luôn' (using Vietnamese-to-English translation software also risks being counted as AI, and gets plagiarism-checked too); 'Tui bị trừ 50% số điểm, không biết kỳ này có qua môn được không nữa' (I lost 50 percent of the marks and do not know whether I can pass the course this term).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'bài tiểu luận môn viết của mình bị giảng viên trừ 50% số điểm. Lý do: bài làm sử dụng ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) để viết bài' (the writing-course essay had 50 percent of its marks deducted by the lecturer; reason: the essay used an AI application to write it); 'Việc trừ điểm của giảng viên trong trường hợp này là phù hợp' (the lecturer's deduction in this case is appropriate, the vice-rector said).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Mình bị trừ 50% số điểm, không biết kỳ này có qua môn được không nữa' (I lost 50 percent of the marks and do not know whether I can pass the course this term).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The lecturer deducted 50 percent of the marks on the student's writing-course essay after finding AI use; the lecturer said specialised plagiarism-checking software detects such use and that Vietnamese-to-English translation software can also be counted as AI; the student had been warned beforehand and wrote that the result left it unclear whether the course could be passed.", "causal_attribution": "The student's own post and the named vice-rector's confirmation of the same case to Tuoi Tre; two separate accounts." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Đây là môn viết, bài tập kiểm tra khả năng viết độc lập của sinh viên. Do đó khi dùng công cụ hỗ trợ, AI đã vi phạm các quy tắc liêm chính. Việc trừ điểm của giảng viên trong trường hợp này là phù hợp' (this is a writing course; the assignment tests students' independent writing; so using an AI support tool breached the integrity rules; the lecturer's deduction in this case is appropriate); 'Văn bản chính thức về chế tài đối với việc sinh viên sử dụng ứng dụng AI làm bài tập thì chưa có, song trường có các quy định về liêm chính học thuật' (there is no official document on sanctions for students using AI applications in assignments, but the university has academic-integrity regulations).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The vice-rector said the lecturer had told students before the essay not to use AI applications, that the writing course tests independent writing, that using an AI support tool breached academic-integrity rules, that the deduction was appropriate, and that the university had no official document on sanctions for AI use but had academic-integrity regulations.", "causal_attribution": "Named vice-rector speaking to Tuoi Tre; single chain." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Nhà trường không cấm sinh viên dùng AI hỗ trợ việc học. Tuy nhiên, giảng viên và sinh viên phải minh bạch' (the university does not ban students from using AI to support study, but lecturers and students must be transparent); 'Khi cần thiết, nhà trường có sử dụng một số dịch vụ có trả phí để phát hiện việc dùng AI' (when necessary the university uses some paid services to detect AI use).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'đại diện Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Tin học TPHCM cho biết chưa nhận được phản ánh chính thức của sinh viên về vấn đề này' (a HUFLIT representative said no formal complaint had been received from the student on this matter).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'nhà trường đã nhắc nhở sinh viên, thậm chí đã mua bản quyền phần mềm ứng dụng như Turnitin hướng dẫn cho giảng viên toàn trường để kiểm tra việc sử dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo trong các bài luận của sinh viên' (the university had reminded students and had even bought licences for software such as Turnitin, with guidance for lecturers across the university, to check the use of AI in students' essays).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "A university representative said the university does not ban AI support for study but requires transparency about the tools used, uses paid AI-detection services when necessary, and had not received a formal complaint from the student; a later report said the university had bought Turnitin licences for lecturers to check AI use in essays.", "causal_attribution": "University representative statements to Thanh Nien and Dan Tri (same wording) and to Hoa Hoc Tro." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "50 percent of the essay marks were deducted after the lecturer found AI use, leaving the course result in doubt", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://tuoitre.vn/sinh-vien-huflit-bi-tru-50-diem-vi-dung-tri-tue-nhan-tao-viet-tieu-luan-2023111514305594.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Tuoi Tre Online, 15 November 2023). Student's account and the named vice-rector's comments. Model reading of the original; English glosses are the reviewer's.", "independence_group": "tuoitre-vice-rector-2023-11-15" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://thanhnien.vn/dung-ai-viet-tieu-luan-mot-sinh-vien-khoc-rong-vi-bi-tru-50-diem-185231114153309161.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Thanh Nien, published 2023-11-14 16:18 +07:00). Quotes the confessions post and a university representative's statement; the same statement wording appears in Dan Tri.", "independence_group": "huflit-representative-statement-2023-11" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://dantri.com.vn/giao-duc/sinh-vien-nhan-ket-dang-khi-su-dung-ai-lam-bai-tap-tieu-luan-20231115184550544.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Dan Tri, published 2023-11-16 06:00 +07:00). Same representative statement as Thanh Nien plus the note that no formal complaint had been received.", "independence_group": "huflit-representative-statement-2023-11" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.huflitconfessions.com/blog/2097-mot-sinh-vien-huflit-bi-tru-nua-so-diem-vi-dung-ai-viet-tieu-luan.html", "kind": "forum_post", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (HUFLIT Confessions blog, published 2023-11-15 21:25 +07:00). Carries the full text of the anonymous student's post and restates the Tuoi Tre interview. The original social media post itself was not opened.", "independence_group": "student-confessions-post-2023-11" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://hoahoctro.tienphong.vn/truong-huflit-mua-phan-mem-check-var-de-han-che-sinh-vien-nho-ai-viet-bai-luan-post1587963.tpo", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Hoa Hoc Tro, Tien Phong, published 2023-11-19 09:58 +07:00). Restates the post and quotes a university representative on Turnitin licences.", "independence_group": "hoahoctro-university-comment-2023-11-19" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use", "institutional_use" ], "contexts": [ "education" ], "unknowns": [ "Which AI or translation tool the student used, and which detection software the lecturer used for this essay; Turnitin is named only in a later general statement.", "Whether the student passed the course.", "The exact date the essay was returned (a Thursday before the 14 November 2023 post).", "Whether the detection finding was reviewed by anyone other than the lecturer." ], "geography": { "basis": "The university is in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and the student studies there; no legal proceeding.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "VN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "VN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an ordinary educational adverse experience: an AI-detection finding led to a consequential grading decision, confirmed by the university's vice-rector. Five Vietnamese items read from three accounts (the student's post, the vice-rector, the university's statement). The student is anonymous; the university and officials are named as institutional actors.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The student's own post says the essay was written with AI or a translation tool and that the lecturer's specialised plagiarism software detected it; the vice-rector confirmed to Tuoi Tre that the essay used an AI support tool and endorsed the deduction; the university told two outlets it uses paid AI-detection services. The claim of AI use made about the student is the lecturer's finding; the lecturer explained it by reference to specialised plagiarism-checking software and the university says it pays for detection services, but no documented run of the software on this essay is described (made_claim_about); the student's AI or translation tool produced the essay text (acted_on_behalf). The lecturer, not the software, made the grading decision. Neither tool is named in the accounts of this case.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "made_claim_about", "acted_on_behalf" ] }, "name": "Ho Chi Minh City: a university student lost half the marks on a writing-course essay after the lecturer found AI use, which the lecturer said specialised plagiarism software detects; the vice-rector endorsed the deduction and the student feared failing the course", "summary": "In November 2023 a student at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology (HUFLIT) wrote on the university's anonymous confessions page that a writing-course essay had been returned with 50 percent of the marks deducted because the lecturer found it had been written with AI. The student said the lecturer had warned that AI-written essays would be treated as plagiarism if detected, had not expected detection, and learned from the lecturer that Vietnamese-to-English translation software could also be counted as AI use when checked with specialised plagiarism software; the student did not know whether the course could still be passed. The vice-rector told Tuoi Tre that the lecturer had told students before the assignment not to use AI applications, that the course tests independent writing, that using an AI support tool breached academic-integrity rules, and that the deduction was appropriate, while noting the university had no formal document on sanctions for AI use. A university representative told Thanh Nien and Dan Tri that the university does not ban AI but requires transparency about tools used, uses paid AI-detection services when necessary, and had not received a formal complaint from the student; a later report said the university had bought Turnitin licences for lecturers to check AI use in essays.", "incidentDate": "2023-11-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2023-11-14", "aiSystem": "An unspecified AI writing or Vietnamese-to-English translation tool used by the student, and specialised plagiarism software used by the lecturer to flag AI-generated text (the university later cited Turnitin)", "severity": "low", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "educational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Half the marks on a writing-course essay were deducted after the lecturer found AI use; the student said the penalty left the course result in doubt.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One student, the author of the confessions post, whose case the vice-rector discussed. Counted as a participant user because the student used the AI or translation tool on the essay.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "VN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "internal_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://tuoitre.vn/sinh-vien-huflit-bi-tru-50-diem-vi-dung-tri-tue-nhan-tao-viet-tieu-luan-2023111514305594.htm", "primarySourceLabel": "Tuoi Tre Online, 15 November 2023: Sinh viên HUFLIT bị trừ 50% điểm vì dùng trí tuệ nhân tạo viết tiểu luận (vice-rector interview)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:40.554997+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "education", "ai-detection", "university", "vietnam", "ho-chi-minh-city", "academic-integrity", "translation-tool", "grading" ] }, { "id": "2023-spain-almendralejo-deepfake-minors", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 2-4: images created from clothed photos taken from the girls' own social media accounts and processed by an application that generates an imagined nude image.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Opening paragraphs: pupils reported fake nude photos made 'a través de una aplicación de inteligencia artificial' circulating on phones at the start of the school year.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 2: images arose from a WhatsApp group linked to several Almendralejo schools; profile photos from WhatsApp and Instagram were used.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 3: the judgment's proven facts describe AI applications superimposing the girls' faces, taken from WhatsApp and Instagram profiles, on other nude bodies, and circulation through two WhatsApp groups.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "In September 2023 artificial-intelligence image-manipulation applications were used to create fake nude images of secondary-school girls in Almendralejo from photographs taken from their WhatsApp and Instagram profiles, and the images circulated in WhatsApp groups.", "causal_attribution": "The juvenile court's agreed judgment records the use of AI applications as proven fact (El País and Infobae, 9 July 2024, citing the TSJEx)." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraph 4: 'more than 20 girls, aged between 11 and 17, have come forward as victims'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Opening paragraph: 'Ya son 22 menores las víctimas'; 10 presuntos autores identificados, todos menores.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 1: 'al menos 20 niñas residentes en Almendralejo'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "At least 20 girls aged 11 to 17 were affected; police had counted 22 victims and identified 10 suspected authors, all minors, by 21 September 2023.", "causal_attribution": "Counts are the police and court figures as reported; the BBC also reports a parents' group of 28, which is not used as a harm count." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 1 and 3: sentence of 20 June 2024 in conformity; 15 minors; 20 delitos de pornografía infantil y otros tantos contra la integridad moral; libertad vigilada durante un año.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "Paragraphs 1-2: Juzgado de Menores de Badajoz; quince menores; veinte delitos de pornografía infantil y otros tantos contra la integridad moral; un año de libertad vigilada with the described programme.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 1: 'a juvenile court this summer sentenced 15 of their classmates to a year of probation'.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s7" } ], "assertion": "On 20 June 2024 the Badajoz juvenile court, in an agreed judgment, held 15 minors responsible for 20 counts of child pornography and 20 counts against moral integrity and imposed one year of supervised release (libertad vigilada) with affective-sexual education, responsible-technology and gender-equality content.", "causal_attribution": "Court outcome as reported from the TSJEx; the judgment text itself was not inspected." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraph 7: 'Investigators are also looking into the claim that an attempt was made to extort one of the girls by using a fake image of her.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 5: 'según han denunciado varias madres, chantajearon a sus hijas con dinero para no distribuir sus fotografías manipuladas'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "Mothers reported that girls were blackmailed with the fake images, and police investigated an attempt to extort one of the girls.", "causal_attribution": "Reported by the families to police and the press; no charge for extortion is recorded in the inspected judgment reporting." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Passage beginning 'The impact the images’ circulation has had on the girls affected varies': the interviewed mother says her daughter is bearing up well, while some other girls would not leave home.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "One mother said some affected girls would not leave their homes after the images circulated, while her own daughter was bearing up well.", "causal_attribution": "A parent's account reported by the BBC; not independently confirmed." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "nonconsensual_sexualized_imagery_of_minors", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "extortion_attempt", "claim_id": "c4", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "psychological_distress", "claim_id": "c5", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66877718", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; datePublished 2023-09-23.", "independence_group": "bbc" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://elpais.com/espana/2023-09-18/la-policia-investiga-el-desnudo-integral-de-varias-menores-en-extremadura-con-inteligencia-artificial-me-dio-un-vuelco-el-corazon.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "elpais" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://elpais.com/sociedad/2023-09-21/las-victimas-por-los-desnudos-de-almendralejo-ascienden-a-22-con-10-presuntos-autores-identificados-hasta-el-momento.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "elpais" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://elpais.com/sociedad/2024-07-09/un-ano-de-libertad-vigilada-para-15-menores-de-almendralejo-por-manipular-imagenes-de-ninas.html", "kind": "news_report_court_outcome", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. Court outcome is reported from TSJEx; the judgment itself was not inspected.", "independence_group": "tsjex-judgment-account" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.infobae.com/espana/2024/07/09/los-menores-que-manipularon-desnudos-con-inteligencia-artificial-en-almendralejo-quedan-en-libertad-vigilada/", "kind": "news_agency_report_court_outcome", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. Court outcome is reported from TSJEx; the judgment itself was not inspected. Infobae credits EFE for this article.", "independence_group": "tsjex-judgment-account" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.infobae.com/espana/2023/09/18/caso-almendralejo-es-delito-utilizar-la-ia-con-fines-pornograficos-hasta-nueve-anos-de-carcel-por-manipular-imagenes-de-menores-desnudas/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "infobae" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://fortune.com/2024/08/16/ai-nude-deepfakes-boys-social-media-classmates-school/", "kind": "news_agency_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Associated Press report carried by Fortune; read in English on 2026-09-15.", "independence_group": "ap" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/610/", "kind": "incident_database_aggregator", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Aggregator entry listing press reports; used as context only.", "independence_group": "aiid" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The application or applications used are not named in the inspected court reporting; an earlier version of this record named one app on the basis of press reports not re-inspected today.", "When each image was created is not established; the BBC reports that many were believed to have been created over the summer of 2023.", "Whether any image reached pornographic websites, which the families feared, is not established.", "The individual consequences for the affected girls beyond the reports cited are not documented.", "The judgment text was not inspected; its contents are taken from El País and Infobae reporting the TSJEx." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: the images were made and circulated among pupils of secondary schools in Almendralejo, Badajoz, Spain (BBC; El País 18 and 21 September 2023). Affected persons: girls attending those schools (El País 21 September 2023). Court: Juzgado de Menores de Badajoz (El País and Infobae, 9 July 2024).", "court_countries": [ "ES" ], "event_countries": [ "ES" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "ES" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under its original ID after source, duplicate and sensitivity review under the 2026-09-15 charter. Eight sources read, seven in full; no victim or suspect is named; the app named in the earlier record is omitted because the inspected court reporting does not name it.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Badajoz juvenile court's agreed judgment of 20 June 2024, as reported by El País and Infobae citing the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Extremadura, records as proven fact that the minors used artificial-intelligence applications to superimpose the girls' faces on other bodies. The application is not named in the inspected court reporting.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Almendralejo, Spain: AI-generated nude images of at least 20 schoolgirls; 15 minors placed under supervised release", "summary": "In September 2023 families in Almendralejo (Badajoz, Spain) reported that artificial-intelligence 'undressing' applications had been used to create fake nude images of local girls aged 11 to 17 from their social-media photographs, and that the images circulated in WhatsApp groups. Police counted 22 victims and identified 10 suspects, all minors, within days. On 20 June 2024 the Badajoz juvenile court, in an agreed judgment, held 15 minors responsible for 20 counts of child pornography and 20 counts against moral integrity and imposed one year of supervised release with an education programme.", "incidentDate": "2023-09-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2023-09-18", "aiSystem": "AI image 'undressing' applications (not named in the inspected court reporting)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "At least 20 girls aged 11 to 17 had AI-manipulated nude images of them created from their social-media photographs and shared in WhatsApp groups; families reported blackmail attempts and one mother said some girls would not leave their homes.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 20, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "The juvenile court's agreed judgment, as reported by El País and Infobae from the TSJEx, refers to at least 20 girls; police had counted 22 victims by 21 September 2023 (El País). The court figure is used as the documented minimum. The 15 minors held responsible are not counted as harmed persons.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66877718", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News, 23 September 2023: 'AI-generated naked child images shock Spanish town of Almendralejo'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T09:52:26.746489+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfakes", "minors", "spain", "school", "non-consensual-imagery", "juvenile-court" ] } ] }