{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T14:41:52.583Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "education", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "core", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 7, "coverage": { "cases": 7, "countries": 7, "languages": 6, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 0, "regulatory": 1, "minors": 3, "coreRelations": 7, "contextualRelations": 1, "mixedRelations": 1, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-berlin-weissensee-heinz-brandt-schule-ai-nude-images-classmates", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'An der Heinz-Brandt-Schule in Berlin-Weißensee wird gegen zwei Schüler wegen des Verdachts ermittelt, KI-generierte sexualisierte Nacktbilder von Mitschülerinnen erstellt und verbreitet zu haben.'; 'Die Senatsverwaltung für Bildung bestätigte dem Tagesspiegel die Vorfälle und die laufenden Ermittlungen.'; 'Den Schülern sollen mindestens drei Fälle vorgeworfen werden. Die Schulleitung informierte die Schulgemeinschaft, dass sie am vergangenen Freitag von den Vorfällen erfahren habe.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Two pupils of the Heinz-Brandt-Schule in Berlin-Weißensee are suspected of having created and distributed AI-generated sexualised nude images of female classmates in at least three cases; the school leadership learned of the incidents on 'the previous Friday' (19 June 2026, read relative to the 24 June 2026 report), informed parents in a letter, and the Senate Department for Education confirmed the incidents and the investigation.", "causal_attribution": "The school's letter and the Senate confirmation as reported by the Tagesspiegel; 'vergangenen Freitag' before the 24 June 2026 report is 19 June 2026." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Die beiden mutmaßlich hauptverantwortlichen Schüler seien mit sofortiger Wirkung vom Unterricht suspendiert worden. Zudem habe die Schule Maßnahmen gegen Schülerinnen und Schüler verhängt, die von den Bildern gewusst, die Vorfälle jedoch nicht gemeldet haben sollen.'; 'In dem Schreiben bezeichnet die Schulleitung die mutmaßlichen Taten als „massiven Angriff auf die Persönlichkeitsrechte der betroffenen Schülerinnen“ und als „Form sexualisierter Gewalt“.'; 'Als Reaktion wolle die Schule ihr Präventionskonzept sowie das Konzept zur Sexualerziehung überarbeiten.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The two pupils alleged to be mainly responsible were suspended from lessons with immediate effect and the school imposed measures on pupils who are said to have known of the images and not reported them; the school called the alleged acts a massive attack on the affected girls' personality rights and a form of sexualised violence and said it would revise its prevention and sex-education concepts.", "causal_attribution": "The school's letter as reported." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'„Es liegen Anzeigen wegen der Erstellung sogenannter Deepfakes vor“, sagte ein Sprecher der Berliner Polizei.'; 'Die Ermittlungen dazu habe die Abteilung des Landeskriminalamts übernommen, die für Sexualdelikte zum Nachteil Minderjähriger zuständig sei.'; 'Dabei komme eine Strafbarkeit wegen des Besitzes, der Beschaffung, der Erstellung oder Verbreitung von Jugendpornografie nach Paragraf 184 c des Strafgesetzbuchs in Betracht.'; 'Die Schule habe die Polizei eingeschaltet, die Ermittlungen würden im Auftrag der Staatsanwaltschaft geführt.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "A Berlin police spokesman said complaints had been filed over the creation of deepfakes, that the State Criminal Police Office unit for sexual offences against minors had taken over the investigation, and that liability for possessing, obtaining, creating or distributing youth pornography under section 184c of the Criminal Code was under consideration; the school's letter says the investigation is conducted on behalf of the public prosecutor.", "causal_attribution": "Police spokesman as quoted by the Tagesspiegel; the prosecutor's role is the school letter's statement." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "female pupils depicted in AI-generated sexualised nude images distributed at their school, described by the school as sexualised violence", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schule/polizei-eingeschaltet-jugendliche-sollen-ki-nacktbilder-von-mitschulerinnen-an-berliner-schule-verbreitet-haben-15754057.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "de", "translation_note": "Read live in German on 2026-09-22 (Der Tagesspiegel, 24 June 2026 14:39, marked 'Update', with dpa). Own reporting: the school leadership's letter to parents, statements from the Senate Department for Education, a Berlin police spokesman and the Pankow district parents' committee. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "tagesspiegel" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "How many girls were depicted; 'at least three cases' is a count of alleged acts, not of persons.", "The ages of the suspects and of the depicted pupils, and the tool used.", "When the images were created and how they were distributed.", "Whether charges followed; no development after June 2026 was found on 2026-09-22.", "The Berliner Morgenpost's first report was not read.", "The date of the school's letter is not given; 19 June 2026 assumes 'am vergangenen Freitag' is relative to the week of the 24 June report." ], "geography": { "basis": "Heinz-Brandt-Schule, Berlin-Weißensee, Pankow district; Berlin police and public prosecutor (Tagesspiegel). No court proceeding reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "DE" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "DE" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an image-based abuse case affecting minors at a school, documented by the school's letter, the Senate education administration and the police through one newspaper's own reporting (single article, several official origins, recorded as reported). Not a death case. Nobody is named.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-22" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The school's letter and the Senate education administration describe KI-generated sexualised nude images; the police spokesman refers to complaints over the creation of deepfakes. No tool is named and no forensic detail is public. The artifacts depicted the girls; no AI system interacted with them.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Berlin-Weißensee: two pupils of the Heinz-Brandt-Schule are suspected of creating and distributing AI-generated sexualised nude images of female classmates in at least three cases; the school suspended them and sanctioned pupils who are said to have known and not reported, and the police's sexual-offences unit investigates with liability under section 184c StGB (youth pornography) under consideration", "summary": "On 'the previous Friday' (19 June 2026, read relative to the 24 June 2026 report) the leadership of the Heinz-Brandt-Schule in Berlin-Weißensee (Pankow district) learned that two of its pupils were suspected of having created and distributed AI-generated sexualised nude images of female classmates; the school wrote to parents that it was 'shocked and appalled' that classmates' photographs had been abused in this way and described the alleged acts as a massive attack on the personality rights of the affected girls and a form of sexualised violence. The two pupils alleged to be mainly responsible were suspended from lessons with immediate effect, and the school imposed measures on pupils who are said to have known about the images without reporting them. The Senate Department for Education confirmed the incidents and the ongoing investigation in the Tagesspiegel's report of 24 June 2026. The school's letter says the investigation is conducted on behalf of the public prosecutor. A Berlin police spokesman said complaints had been filed over the creation of so-called deepfakes, that the investigation had been taken over by the State Criminal Police Office unit responsible for sexual offences against minors, and that criminal liability for possessing, obtaining, creating or distributing youth pornography under section 184c of the Criminal Code was under consideration; the police gave no further details, citing victim protection. At least three cases are alleged. The school said it would revise its prevention and sex-education concepts and asked parents to talk to their children about handling other people's photographs and AI applications. Nobody is named; the number of girls depicted is not reported.", "incidentDate": "2026-06-19", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-06-24", "aiSystem": "AI image-generation ('deepfake') tool, not named", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Female pupils were depicted in AI-generated sexualised nude images that were distributed at their school, which the school describes as a massive attack on their personality rights and a form of sexualised violence; the creation and distribution are attributed by the school's letter to two suspended pupils, and the police confirm complaints over the creation of deepfakes and an investigation by the LKA unit for sexual offences against minors. No account from the depicted girls has been published.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "unquantified", "affectedCountEvidence": "The report speaks of 'Mitschülerinnen' (female classmates, plural) and of 'mindestens drei Fälle' (at least three cases) alleged against the pupils, without stating how many girls were depicted; a count of cases is not a count of persons. Unquantified, with zero placeholders.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "DE-BE", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "investigation_opened", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schule/polizei-eingeschaltet-jugendliche-sollen-ki-nacktbilder-von-mitschulerinnen-an-berliner-schule-verbreitet-haben-15754057.html", "primarySourceLabel": "Der Tagesspiegel, 24 June 2026: Polizei eingeschaltet: Jugendliche sollen KI-Nacktbilder von Mitschülerinnen an Berliner Schule verbreitet haben", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-22T03:45:58.07027+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "ai-generated-imagery", "ncii", "minor", "school", "germany", "berlin", "pankow", "184c-stgb", "depicted" ] }, { "id": "2023-ho-chi-minh-city-huflit-ai-essay-half-marks-deducted", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Hôm bữa thứ 5 giảng viên mới phát bài ra, nhận điểm mà xỉu ngang vì cô phát hiện bài viết dùng AI và trừ điểm' (on Thursday the lecturer returned the essays and I nearly fainted at the mark because she found the essay used AI and deducted marks); 'dùng những phần mềm dịch thuật từ Việt sang Anh cũng có nguy cơ tính là AI, và bị check đạo văn luôn' (using Vietnamese-to-English translation software also risks being counted as AI, and gets plagiarism-checked too); 'Tui bị trừ 50% số điểm, không biết kỳ này có qua môn được không nữa' (I lost 50 percent of the marks and do not know whether I can pass the course this term).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "'bài tiểu luận môn viết của mình bị giảng viên trừ 50% số điểm. Lý do: bài làm sử dụng ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) để viết bài' (the writing-course essay had 50 percent of its marks deducted by the lecturer; reason: the essay used an AI application to write it); 'Việc trừ điểm của giảng viên trong trường hợp này là phù hợp' (the lecturer's deduction in this case is appropriate, the vice-rector said).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Mình bị trừ 50% số điểm, không biết kỳ này có qua môn được không nữa' (I lost 50 percent of the marks and do not know whether I can pass the course this term).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The lecturer deducted 50 percent of the marks on the student's writing-course essay after finding AI use; the lecturer said specialised plagiarism-checking software detects such use and that Vietnamese-to-English translation software can also be counted as AI; the student had been warned beforehand and wrote that the result left it unclear whether the course could be passed.", "causal_attribution": "The student's own post and the named vice-rector's confirmation of the same case to Tuoi Tre; two separate accounts." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Đây là môn viết, bài tập kiểm tra khả năng viết độc lập của sinh viên. Do đó khi dùng công cụ hỗ trợ, AI đã vi phạm các quy tắc liêm chính. Việc trừ điểm của giảng viên trong trường hợp này là phù hợp' (this is a writing course; the assignment tests students' independent writing; so using an AI support tool breached the integrity rules; the lecturer's deduction in this case is appropriate); 'Văn bản chính thức về chế tài đối với việc sinh viên sử dụng ứng dụng AI làm bài tập thì chưa có, song trường có các quy định về liêm chính học thuật' (there is no official document on sanctions for students using AI applications in assignments, but the university has academic-integrity regulations).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The vice-rector said the lecturer had told students before the essay not to use AI applications, that the writing course tests independent writing, that using an AI support tool breached academic-integrity rules, that the deduction was appropriate, and that the university had no official document on sanctions for AI use but had academic-integrity regulations.", "causal_attribution": "Named vice-rector speaking to Tuoi Tre; single chain." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Nhà trường không cấm sinh viên dùng AI hỗ trợ việc học. Tuy nhiên, giảng viên và sinh viên phải minh bạch' (the university does not ban students from using AI to support study, but lecturers and students must be transparent); 'Khi cần thiết, nhà trường có sử dụng một số dịch vụ có trả phí để phát hiện việc dùng AI' (when necessary the university uses some paid services to detect AI use).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'đại diện Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Tin học TPHCM cho biết chưa nhận được phản ánh chính thức của sinh viên về vấn đề này' (a HUFLIT representative said no formal complaint had been received from the student on this matter).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'nhà trường đã nhắc nhở sinh viên, thậm chí đã mua bản quyền phần mềm ứng dụng như Turnitin hướng dẫn cho giảng viên toàn trường để kiểm tra việc sử dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo trong các bài luận của sinh viên' (the university had reminded students and had even bought licences for software such as Turnitin, with guidance for lecturers across the university, to check the use of AI in students' essays).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "A university representative said the university does not ban AI support for study but requires transparency about the tools used, uses paid AI-detection services when necessary, and had not received a formal complaint from the student; a later report said the university had bought Turnitin licences for lecturers to check AI use in essays.", "causal_attribution": "University representative statements to Thanh Nien and Dan Tri (same wording) and to Hoa Hoc Tro." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "50 percent of the essay marks were deducted after the lecturer found AI use, leaving the course result in doubt", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://tuoitre.vn/sinh-vien-huflit-bi-tru-50-diem-vi-dung-tri-tue-nhan-tao-viet-tieu-luan-2023111514305594.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Tuoi Tre Online, 15 November 2023). Student's account and the named vice-rector's comments. Model reading of the original; English glosses are the reviewer's.", "independence_group": "tuoitre-vice-rector-2023-11-15" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://thanhnien.vn/dung-ai-viet-tieu-luan-mot-sinh-vien-khoc-rong-vi-bi-tru-50-diem-185231114153309161.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Thanh Nien, published 2023-11-14 16:18 +07:00). Quotes the confessions post and a university representative's statement; the same statement wording appears in Dan Tri.", "independence_group": "huflit-representative-statement-2023-11" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://dantri.com.vn/giao-duc/sinh-vien-nhan-ket-dang-khi-su-dung-ai-lam-bai-tap-tieu-luan-20231115184550544.htm", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Dan Tri, published 2023-11-16 06:00 +07:00). Same representative statement as Thanh Nien plus the note that no formal complaint had been received.", "independence_group": "huflit-representative-statement-2023-11" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.huflitconfessions.com/blog/2097-mot-sinh-vien-huflit-bi-tru-nua-so-diem-vi-dung-ai-viet-tieu-luan.html", "kind": "forum_post", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (HUFLIT Confessions blog, published 2023-11-15 21:25 +07:00). Carries the full text of the anonymous student's post and restates the Tuoi Tre interview. The original social media post itself was not opened.", "independence_group": "student-confessions-post-2023-11" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://hoahoctro.tienphong.vn/truong-huflit-mua-phan-mem-check-var-de-han-che-sinh-vien-nho-ai-viet-bai-luan-post1587963.tpo", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "vi", "translation_note": "Read in Vietnamese on 2026-09-19 (Hoa Hoc Tro, Tien Phong, published 2023-11-19 09:58 +07:00). Restates the post and quotes a university representative on Turnitin licences.", "independence_group": "hoahoctro-university-comment-2023-11-19" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use", "institutional_use" ], "contexts": [ "education" ], "unknowns": [ "Which AI or translation tool the student used, and which detection software the lecturer used for this essay; Turnitin is named only in a later general statement.", "Whether the student passed the course.", "The exact date the essay was returned (a Thursday before the 14 November 2023 post).", "Whether the detection finding was reviewed by anyone other than the lecturer." ], "geography": { "basis": "The university is in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and the student studies there; no legal proceeding.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "VN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "VN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an ordinary educational adverse experience: an AI-detection finding led to a consequential grading decision, confirmed by the university's vice-rector. Five Vietnamese items read from three accounts (the student's post, the vice-rector, the university's statement). The student is anonymous; the university and officials are named as institutional actors.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-19" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The student's own post says the essay was written with AI or a translation tool and that the lecturer's specialised plagiarism software detected it; the vice-rector confirmed to Tuoi Tre that the essay used an AI support tool and endorsed the deduction; the university told two outlets it uses paid AI-detection services. The claim of AI use made about the student is the lecturer's finding; the lecturer explained it by reference to specialised plagiarism-checking software and the university says it pays for detection services, but no documented run of the software on this essay is described (made_claim_about); the student's AI or translation tool produced the essay text (acted_on_behalf). The lecturer, not the software, made the grading decision. Neither tool is named in the accounts of this case.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "made_claim_about", "acted_on_behalf" ] }, "name": "Ho Chi Minh City: a university student lost half the marks on a writing-course essay after the lecturer found AI use, which the lecturer said specialised plagiarism software detects; the vice-rector endorsed the deduction and the student feared failing the course", "summary": "In November 2023 a student at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology (HUFLIT) wrote on the university's anonymous confessions page that a writing-course essay had been returned with 50 percent of the marks deducted because the lecturer found it had been written with AI. The student said the lecturer had warned that AI-written essays would be treated as plagiarism if detected, had not expected detection, and learned from the lecturer that Vietnamese-to-English translation software could also be counted as AI use when checked with specialised plagiarism software; the student did not know whether the course could still be passed. The vice-rector told Tuoi Tre that the lecturer had told students before the assignment not to use AI applications, that the course tests independent writing, that using an AI support tool breached academic-integrity rules, and that the deduction was appropriate, while noting the university had no formal document on sanctions for AI use. A university representative told Thanh Nien and Dan Tri that the university does not ban AI but requires transparency about tools used, uses paid AI-detection services when necessary, and had not received a formal complaint from the student; a later report said the university had bought Turnitin licences for lecturers to check AI use in essays.", "incidentDate": "2023-11-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2023-11-14", "aiSystem": "An unspecified AI writing or Vietnamese-to-English translation tool used by the student, and specialised plagiarism software used by the lecturer to flag AI-generated text (the university later cited Turnitin)", "severity": "low", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "educational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Half the marks on a writing-course essay were deducted after the lecturer found AI use; the student said the penalty left the course result in doubt.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One student, the author of the confessions post, whose case the vice-rector discussed. Counted as a participant user because the student used the AI or translation tool on the essay.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "VN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "internal_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://tuoitre.vn/sinh-vien-huflit-bi-tru-50-diem-vi-dung-tri-tue-nhan-tao-viet-tieu-luan-2023111514305594.htm", "primarySourceLabel": "Tuoi Tre Online, 15 November 2023: Sinh viên HUFLIT bị trừ 50% điểm vì dùng trí tuệ nhân tạo viết tiểu luận (vice-rector interview)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-20T03:19:40.554997+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "education", "ai-detection", "university", "vietnam", "ho-chi-minh-city", "academic-integrity", "translation-tool", "grading" ] }, { "id": "2026-tamil-nadu-cm-vijay-deepfake-financial-aid-fraud", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'deepfake videos in which Vijay was shown speaking in Hindi and asking people to contact a WhatsApp number'; 'arrested on September 12 and handed over to Tamil Nadu Police'; 'A case was registered in Tamil Nadu on Sept 1'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'an AI-generated version of Vijay speaking in a fabricated Hindi voice'; 'arrested on September 12 in Alwar district'; 'registered a case on September 1'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "AI-generated videos showing a simulated Chief Minister Vijay with a Hindi voice-over asked viewers to contact a WhatsApp number for financial aid; the CB-CID registered a case on 1 September 2026 and on 12 September a 28-year-old Alwar man was arrested and remanded in Tamil Nadu.", "causal_attribution": "Reported by the Rajasthan police side (TOI) and the Tamil Nadu CB-CID side (India Today) independently." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'used to cheat several people in Madhya Pradesh and other states'; 'The CBCID also traced a man in Madhya Pradesh who had lost money in the fraud'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'the scam had already claimed victims in Madhya Pradesh and other states'; 'statements from a victim in Madhya Pradesh'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'attempts were made to cheat people in several states, including Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "People in Madhya Pradesh and other states lost money to the scheme; the CB-CID traced a Madhya Pradesh man who lost money and recorded his statement.", "causal_attribution": "Police account; TOI's Rajasthan-side wording ('attempts were made to cheat') is weaker than the CB-CID's ('lost money'), so the claim is recorded as reported." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "people in Madhya Pradesh and other states lost money to deepfake 'financial assistance' videos of the Chief Minister; one victim documented", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/raj-man-held-for-ai-deepfake-fraud-using-tamil-nadu-cm-vijays-videos/articleshow/134294900.cms", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (Times of India, Jaipur, 16 Sep 2026). Rajasthan-side account with Alwar SP and Lakshmangarh station quotations.", "independence_group": "toi-jaipur" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cm-vijay-ai-deepfake-scam-tamil-nadu-cbcid-arrests-rajasthan-man-2994535-2026-09-14", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (India Today, 14 Sep 2026). CB-CID account including the Madhya Pradesh victim and the Pakistan-linked accounts.", "independence_group": "cbcid-release" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.newspointapp.com/english/top-news/rajasthan-man-held-for-circulating-deepfake-video-of-tn-cm-udayavani/articleshow/1450482066292b26f3fe72876b1dda49906109bd", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 via the MSN content API copy (Udayavani/PTI, 15 Sep 2026). Official-release account; same chain as the CB-CID statement.", "independence_group": "cbcid-release" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "finance", "everyday_life", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The number of defrauded people and the amounts lost are not published.", "When the videos began circulating is not stated; the case was registered on 1 September.", "Whether the accused acted alone and who operates the Pakistan-linked accounts remain under investigation.", "The AI tools used are not identified." ], "geography": { "basis": "Case registered by the Tamil Nadu CB-CID; arrest in Alwar district, Rajasthan; victims traced in Madhya Pradesh (India Today, TOI). Remand in Tamil Nadu.", "court_countries": [ "IN" ], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation-fraud case with a documented human consequence: a public figure's likeness and voice were fabricated to solicit money and at least one identified victim lost money, with an arrest and remand. Three sources read across two independent reporting chains; defrauded people unnamed; the accused is not named here because outlets spell his name inconsistently.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Police describe AI-generated videos with a simulated likeness of the Chief Minister and a fabricated Hindi voice; no forensic detail is published. The AI artifact depicted and impersonated a public figure; the defrauded people dealt with the fraudsters over WhatsApp.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "India: AI deepfake videos of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Vijay offering 'financial assistance' were used to defraud people in Madhya Pradesh and other states; a Rajasthan man was arrested", "summary": "In 2026 AI-generated videos showing a simulated Tamil Nadu Chief Minister C. Joseph Vijay speaking in a fabricated Hindi voice circulated on Facebook and other platforms, urging viewers to contact a WhatsApp number to receive money for education, medical treatment and other needs. The Tamil Nadu Crime Branch-CID detected the videos during routine monitoring, registered a case on 1 September 2026 under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Information Technology Act, and traced the scheme to Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. On 12 September a 28-year-old man from Alwar district was arrested with Rajasthan Police, brought to Tamil Nadu on a transit warrant and remanded in judicial custody; a phone, SIM cards and a CPU were seized. Investigators traced a man in Madhya Pradesh who had lost money, and said people in several states were cheated. The CB-CID is also examining similar videos posted from Facebook accounts suspected to be run from Pakistan.", "incidentDate": "2026-09-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-14", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake video and synthetic Hindi voice-over of Chief Minister Vijay (tools not named)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "financial_loss", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "People in Madhya Pradesh and other states lost money after responding to AI deepfake videos of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister promising financial help; the Chief Minister's likeness and voice were fabricated for the fraud. One victim's loss is documented through his police statement; the number and amounts are not published.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The CB-CID traced one man in Madhya Pradesh who lost money and gave a statement (India Today; Newspoint/PTI); police say people in 'several states' were cheated without a count. One counted plus unquantified others: partial. The Chief Minister is not counted as a harmed person.", "victimAgeRange": "unknown", "jurisdiction": "IN", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cm-vijay-ai-deepfake-scam-tamil-nadu-cbcid-arrests-rajasthan-man-2994535-2026-09-14", "primarySourceLabel": "India Today, 14 Sep 2026: Pak-linked accounts spread CM Vijay's deepfakes to dupe people; one arrested (Tamil Nadu CB-CID account)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-18T03:25:10.709351+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfake", "voice-clone", "public-figure-impersonation", "fraud", "india", "tamil-nadu", "rajasthan", "madhya-pradesh", "facebook", "whatsapp" ] }, { "id": "2026-untan-pontianak-deepfake-victims-suspended", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Kasus dugaan penyalahgunaan teknologi AI tersebut mencuat di media sosial pada awal Mei 2026. RY, mahasiswa Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Untan angkatan 2025, disebut diduga menggunakan teknologi AI untuk memanipulasi foto teman kuliah dan sejumlah mahasiswi menjadi konten vulgar bermuatan asusila'; the borrowed-phone discovery passage.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "In early May 2026 a case of alleged AI abuse surfaced at Untan: RY, a Biology FMIPA student (class of 2025), allegedly used AI to turn photos of female classmates and other students into vulgar content; it came to light when a classmate borrowing his phone found manipulated photos in the gallery.", "causal_attribution": "Reported with the outlet's 'dugaan' (alleged) framing; the task force's findings and any police complaint are not public in the inspected source." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Satgas PPKPT Untan telah memeriksa sembilan korban dan saksi, melakukan pendalaman terhadap perangkat milik terlapor, hingga membuka kanal pelaporan bagi korban lain yang belum teridentifikasi'; the victims'-origin passage.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The university's Satgas PPKPT task force examined nine victims and witnesses, deepened examination of the complainant's devices, and opened a reporting channel for further unidentified victims; victims come from the campus, the suspect's high-school circle in Singkawang, and universities outside West Kalimantan.", "causal_attribution": "The 'nine victims and witnesses' figure mixes roles; only the six documented suspended victims are counted as harmed persons." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'keenam mahasiswi tersebut disebut mendapat sanksi skorsing selama dua semester'; Achmadi: 'Yang keenam mahasiswi itu sanksinya dicabut dan kuliahnya tetap aktif kembali'; the corrected decree to be handed over 'Selasa (15/9)'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The university suspended six of the victimized students for two semesters; after the 14 September 2026 student demonstration, Vice Rector Dr Achmadi announced the six sanctions were revoked and their academic status reactivated, with the corrected decree to be handed over on 15 September.", "causal_attribution": "The suspension and revocation are reported through the outlet's account of the demonstration and the Vice Rector's on-record statements; the suspension decree itself was not inspected." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'keputusan tersebut belum membuat massa sepenuhnya puas'; 'Mahasiswa masih menuntut kepastian mengenai sanksi terhadap mahasiswa berinisial RY... mendesak Untan menjatuhkan sanksi drop out (DO)'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Students welcomed the revocation but said they were not fully satisfied and continued to demand RY's expulsion (drop out); the alleged perpetrator's sanction remained pending.", "causal_attribution": "The student demands are reported; the university's decision on RY is pending." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "students victimized by AI deepfakes were suspended by their university; sanctions revoked after protests", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.detik.com/kalimantan/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-8663012/untan-cabut-sanksi-6-korban-deepfake-mahasiswa-masih-desak-pelaku-di-do/amp", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "id", "translation_note": "Read in Indonesian on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-09-15T06:58+07:00; 12 substantive paragraphs). Model translation, no human reviewer.", "independence_group": "detik" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education" ], "unknowns": [ "The specific AI tool used is not named in the inspected reporting.", "Whether the task force or police confirmed the images were AI-generated, and any forensic findings from the phone, are not public in the inspected source.", "The six suspended students' basis for suspension (which rule they were accused of violating) is not stated in the inspected source.", "Some victims come from the suspect's high-school circle; their ages are unstated and they may include minors — sensitivity note recorded.", "The corrected decree's contents (handover planned for 15 September) and the decision on RY are pending.", "The earlier report in the same series (11 September) is listed but its body was not re-extracted in this pass." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected persons: Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, with some victims from the suspect's high-school circle in Singkawang and universities outside West Kalimantan — all in Indonesia. No court proceeding is reported; the university's task force and rectorate are not courts.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "ID" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "ID" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case with a consequential institutional response: students depicted in alleged AI-generated vulgar images were suspended by their university, reversed after protests. The victims are unnamed in the source and here; the suspect is identified by initials only, as in the source; the 'dugaan' (alleged) framing is preserved throughout.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The case is reported as alleged AI abuse: manipulated photos found in the suspect's phone gallery and reported as AI-generated vulgar content (detikKalimantan's account; 'dugaan'/alleged framing throughout). The specific tool is not named; the task force's device examination findings are not public.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Pontianak, Indonesia: university suspended six students victimized by AI deepfakes; the sanctions were revoked after student protests", "summary": "In May 2026, a case of alleged AI abuse surfaced at Tanjungpura University (Untan), Pontianak: a biology student identified by the initials RY allegedly used AI to turn photos of female classmates and other students into vulgar content, discovered when a classmate borrowing his phone found manipulated images in the gallery. The university's task force examined nine victims and witnesses and opened a reporting channel. The university then suspended six of the victimized students for two semesters — while the alleged perpetrator received a lighter sanction — prompting a student demonstration on 14 September 2026 demanding the victims' reinstatement and RY's expulsion. At the protest, Vice Rector Dr Achmadi announced the six sanctions were revoked and the students' academic status reactivated, with the corrected decree to be handed over on 15 September.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-01", "incidentEndDate": "2026-09-15", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-11", "aiSystem": "AI image-manipulation tools (unspecified)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm", "educational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Female students depicted in AI-generated vulgar images were then suspended for two semesters by their own university — an institutional re-victimization reversed only after student protests — while continuing to seek the alleged perpetrator's expulsion.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 6, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Lower bound: the six victimized students whose two-semester suspensions were revoked on 14 September 2026 (Vice Rector's on-record account). The task force examined 'nine victims and witnesses' and opened a channel for unidentified victims, so the total is larger but not quantified by role; only the six documented suspended victims are counted.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "ID", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "internal_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.detik.com/kalimantan/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-8663012/untan-cabut-sanksi-6-korban-deepfake-mahasiswa-masih-desak-pelaku-di-do/amp", "primarySourceLabel": "detikKalimantan (15 Sep 2026, Ocsya Ade CP) — the 14 Sep demonstration, the revocation, and the case background", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T09:27:14.16594+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "depicted-or-impersonated", "ncii", "deepfake", "university", "institutional-response", "indonesia" ] }, { "id": "2026-den-bosch-grok-racist-videos-teacher", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 4-6: 'In het rechtbankdossier zaten negen screenshots... de docente is afgebeeld terwijl zij katoen plukt... slavendrijver die een zweep vasthoudt... #minderwaardig #zwart, en een hashtag met de achternaam van de betreffende docente... het hoofd van een gorilla... Een dag in mijn leven als minderwaardig persoon'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'De jongen maakte met GrokAI enkele filmpjes en deelde die in maart via TikTok... in een veld waar zij katoen plukt... met het hoofd van een gorilla'; the school confronted him and he admitted making them.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "According to NOS and Omroep Brabant, a 13-year-old pupil at a Den Bosch gymnasium made several videos with Grok and shared them in March 2026 via TikTok; the videos depicted his teacher picking cotton under a whip-holding slave driver with the text 'Hoooo.. ik werkte niet snel genoeg', with hashtags '#minderwaardig #zwart' and her surname, and with a gorilla head; one screenshot read 'Een dag in mijn leven als minderwaardig persoon'.", "causal_attribution": "The judge held that part of the screenshots definitely came from the AI videos the boy made; the parents dispute that he made all of them (the file includes another pupil's images). Grok's role as the generation tool is admitted by the boy and unchallenged in the inspected reporting." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Judge's direct address quoted near the ruling's end: 'Met de filmpjes heb je niet alleen jouw docente, maar mogelijk ook anderen die de filmpjes hebben gezien en zich erdoor gekwetst voelen, beschadigd en echt pijn gedaan'; school passages: 'gevoelens van onrust en onveiligheid' among teachers.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Onderwijspersoneel voelde zich na de ontdekking volgens de school niet meer veilig en ervaarde veel onrust'; parents acknowledge the impact the videos could have had on the teacher.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The teacher was harmed: the judge told the boy he had 'not only damaged his teacher, but possibly also others who saw the videos and felt hurt by them, and really hurt them', and school leadership reported that teaching staff felt unsafe and experienced much unrest after the discovery.", "causal_attribution": "Harm is attributed to the videos and their circulation, as found in the ruling and the school's account; the Brabants Dagblad headline ('Lerares diep geraakt...') is consistent but its body could not be inspected." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Opening and ruling paragraphs: expulsion, parents' lawsuit, readmission ordered; 'volkomen onaanvaardbaar en zelfs strafbaar'; judge's weight given to age 13.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Ruling paragraphs: school 'onvoldoende heeft onderbouwd'; readmission 'per direct'; judge calls the videos 'shockerend'; apology offers and the boy's interests weighed.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The school suspended and then expelled the boy; on 8 July 2026 the Oost-Brabant preliminary-relief judge ordered immediate readmission because the expulsion was insufficiently substantiated, while calling the videos shocking and the boy's acts 'totally unacceptable and even criminal'.", "causal_attribution": "The ruling's procedural finding (insufficient substantiation) and its moral finding (unacceptable, criminal) are both reported in full by two inspected outlets." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Ouders niet mee eens' and 'Geen kans op herstel' sections: another pupil's images in the file; presence and role at earlier incidents disputed; contact with the teacher forbidden.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Parents' account: deletion after a day and a half, not only after confrontation; earlier incidents disputed; no chance to make amends.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The parents dispute that their son made all the videos in the file and dispute the school's pattern of earlier incidents; they say he deleted the videos himself after a day and a half and was never allowed to apologise to the teacher.", "causal_attribution": "The judge found the earlier-incidents pattern contradicted and insufficiently concrete; authorship of the remaining screenshots is unresolved." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "targeted racist harassment of a teacher through AI-generated videos", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://nos.nl/artikel/2622265-school-moet-jongen-die-racistisch-filmpje-van-docente-maakte-meteen-weer-toelaten", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read in Dutch on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-07-08T23:01+0200). Quotes in the public record are close paraphrase from the Dutch; model translation, no human reviewer.", "independence_group": "nos" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/6016915/jongen-maakt-ai-filmpjes-en-wordt-van-school-gestuurd-rechter-grijpt-in", "kind": "regional_news", "access": "read", "language": "nl", "translation_note": "Read in Dutch on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-07-08T13:45Z; bylined Evie Hendriks). Model translation, no human reviewer.", "independence_group": "omroep-brabant" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://www.bd.nl/den-bosch/lerares-diep-geraakt-door-racistische-ai-filmpjes-van-leerling-13-school-stuurt-hem-weg-ouders-eisen-gesprek-bij-rechter~a6ff90e2/", "kind": "regional_news", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "Brabants Dagblad blocked by the DPG Media WAF (403) direct and via reader proxy on 2026-09-15; headline seen verbatim in Google News RSS ('Lerares diep geraakt door racistische AI-filmpjes van leerling (13)'). Body not inspected; language not established.", "independence_group": "brabants-dagblad" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "work" ], "unknowns": [ "Exact creation and sharing dates within March 2026 are not stated in the inspected reporting.", "Which images were made by the other pupil, and whether that pupil was disciplined, is unresolved; the judge noted the school could not explain why the other pupil was not expelled.", "No criminal complaint or further disciplinary proceeding is reported; the judge's 'criminal' characterisation is a moral finding in a civil summary procedure.", "The teacher's situation after the ruling (return, support measures) is not reported.", "The boy's prompts and Grok's generation settings are not reported; only the outputs in the court file are documented." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: a Den Bosch gymnasium and TikTok sharing by its pupil (both outlets). Affected person: the teacher at that school. Court: rechtbank Oost-Brabant preliminary-relief judge, 8 July 2026.", "court_countries": [ "NL" ], "event_countries": [ "NL" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "NL" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case: a named-role adult was the target of racist AI-generated videos made with Grok and shared in her school community, documented through court-file reporting by two independently inspected Dutch outlets. The perpetrator is a minor and the teacher is unnamed in the sources; neither is named here, and the teacher's surname (present in one hashtag) is not reproduced.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The videos were made with Grok: the boy admitted making them after the school confronted him (Omroep Brabant), and the court file's nine screenshots were held by the judge to come partly from the AI videos he made (NOS). The harm flows from the artifacts and their sharing; what the tool generated is documented through the court file, while the prompting process is not reported.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Den Bosch: 13-year-old made racist Grok videos of his teacher; the school expelled him and a court ordered his readmission", "summary": "In March 2026 a 13-year-old pupil at a Den Bosch gymnasium used xAI's Grok to generate videos depicting a teacher of his in racist ways — picking cotton under a whip-holding slave driver with the text 'Hoooo.. ik werkte niet snel genoeg' and hashtags '#minderwaardig #zwart' plus her surname, and with a gorilla head — and shared them on TikTok. The school suspended and then expelled him. On 8 July 2026 the preliminary-relief judge of the Oost-Brabant district court ordered his immediate readmission because the expulsion was insufficiently substantiated, while telling the boy his acts were 'totally unacceptable and even criminal' and that he had damaged and really hurt his teacher. School leadership reported that teaching staff felt unsafe and experienced much unrest after the videos were discovered.", "incidentDate": "2026-03-01", "incidentEndDate": "2026-07-08", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-07-08", "aiSystem": "Grok", "aiCompany": "xAI", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "According to NOS and Omroep Brabant reporting of the court file and the school's account, the targeted teacher was hurt and damaged by racist AI-generated videos shared at her school, and teaching staff felt unsafe and experienced unrest; the judge described her harm directly in the ruling.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "One documented harmed person: the teacher, whose hurt is described in the ruling itself ('you have damaged your teacher... and really hurt her', per the NOS account) and in the school's account of staff feeling unsafe. The judge's 'possibly also others who saw the videos and felt hurt' is not quantified and is not counted. The boy, a minor and the AI user, is not counted as harmed: the expelled-then-readmitted consequence was reversed and flows from his own act.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "NL", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://nos.nl/artikel/2622265-school-moet-jongen-die-racistisch-filmpje-van-docente-maakte-meteen-weer-toelaten", "primarySourceLabel": "NOS (8 Jul 2026) — court-file account: nine screenshots, the racist depictions, the ruling and the judge's direct address", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T05:17:46.121073+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "education", "deepfake", "harassment", "racism", "minor-perpetrator", "others-use", "grok", "netherlands" ] }, { "id": "2023-spain-almendralejo-deepfake-minors", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 2-4: images created from clothed photos taken from the girls' own social media accounts and processed by an application that generates an imagined nude image.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Opening paragraphs: pupils reported fake nude photos made 'a través de una aplicación de inteligencia artificial' circulating on phones at the start of the school year.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 2: images arose from a WhatsApp group linked to several Almendralejo schools; profile photos from WhatsApp and Instagram were used.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 3: the judgment's proven facts describe AI applications superimposing the girls' faces, taken from WhatsApp and Instagram profiles, on other nude bodies, and circulation through two WhatsApp groups.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "In September 2023 artificial-intelligence image-manipulation applications were used to create fake nude images of secondary-school girls in Almendralejo from photographs taken from their WhatsApp and Instagram profiles, and the images circulated in WhatsApp groups.", "causal_attribution": "The juvenile court's agreed judgment records the use of AI applications as proven fact (El País and Infobae, 9 July 2024, citing the TSJEx)." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraph 4: 'more than 20 girls, aged between 11 and 17, have come forward as victims'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Opening paragraph: 'Ya son 22 menores las víctimas'; 10 presuntos autores identificados, todos menores.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 1: 'al menos 20 niñas residentes en Almendralejo'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "At least 20 girls aged 11 to 17 were affected; police had counted 22 victims and identified 10 suspected authors, all minors, by 21 September 2023.", "causal_attribution": "Counts are the police and court figures as reported; the BBC also reports a parents' group of 28, which is not used as a harm count." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraphs 1 and 3: sentence of 20 June 2024 in conformity; 15 minors; 20 delitos de pornografía infantil y otros tantos contra la integridad moral; libertad vigilada durante un año.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" }, { "locator": "Paragraphs 1-2: Juzgado de Menores de Badajoz; quince menores; veinte delitos de pornografía infantil y otros tantos contra la integridad moral; un año de libertad vigilada with the described programme.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 1: 'a juvenile court this summer sentenced 15 of their classmates to a year of probation'.", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s7" } ], "assertion": "On 20 June 2024 the Badajoz juvenile court, in an agreed judgment, held 15 minors responsible for 20 counts of child pornography and 20 counts against moral integrity and imposed one year of supervised release (libertad vigilada) with affective-sexual education, responsible-technology and gender-equality content.", "causal_attribution": "Court outcome as reported from the TSJEx; the judgment text itself was not inspected." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Paragraph 7: 'Investigators are also looking into the claim that an attempt was made to extort one of the girls by using a fake image of her.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Paragraph 5: 'según han denunciado varias madres, chantajearon a sus hijas con dinero para no distribuir sus fotografías manipuladas'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "Mothers reported that girls were blackmailed with the fake images, and police investigated an attempt to extort one of the girls.", "causal_attribution": "Reported by the families to police and the press; no charge for extortion is recorded in the inspected judgment reporting." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Passage beginning 'The impact the images’ circulation has had on the girls affected varies': the interviewed mother says her daughter is bearing up well, while some other girls would not leave home.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "One mother said some affected girls would not leave their homes after the images circulated, while her own daughter was bearing up well.", "causal_attribution": "A parent's account reported by the BBC; not independently confirmed." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "nonconsensual_sexualized_imagery_of_minors", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "extortion_attempt", "claim_id": "c4", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "psychological_distress", "claim_id": "c5", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66877718", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15; datePublished 2023-09-23.", "independence_group": "bbc" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://elpais.com/espana/2023-09-18/la-policia-investiga-el-desnudo-integral-de-varias-menores-en-extremadura-con-inteligencia-artificial-me-dio-un-vuelco-el-corazon.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "elpais" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://elpais.com/sociedad/2023-09-21/las-victimas-por-los-desnudos-de-almendralejo-ascienden-a-22-con-10-presuntos-autores-identificados-hasta-el-momento.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "elpais" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://elpais.com/sociedad/2024-07-09/un-ano-de-libertad-vigilada-para-15-menores-de-almendralejo-por-manipular-imagenes-de-ninas.html", "kind": "news_report_court_outcome", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. Court outcome is reported from TSJEx; the judgment itself was not inspected.", "independence_group": "tsjex-judgment-account" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.infobae.com/espana/2024/07/09/los-menores-que-manipularon-desnudos-con-inteligencia-artificial-en-almendralejo-quedan-en-libertad-vigilada/", "kind": "news_agency_report_court_outcome", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review. Court outcome is reported from TSJEx; the judgment itself was not inspected. Infobae credits EFE for this article.", "independence_group": "tsjex-judgment-account" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.infobae.com/espana/2023/09/18/caso-almendralejo-es-delito-utilizar-la-ia-con-fines-pornograficos-hasta-nueve-anos-de-carcel-por-manipular-imagenes-de-menores-desnudas/", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "es", "translation_note": "Model read the Spanish original retained on 2026-09-15; no independent bilingual human review.", "independence_group": "infobae" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://fortune.com/2024/08/16/ai-nude-deepfakes-boys-social-media-classmates-school/", "kind": "news_agency_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Associated Press report carried by Fortune; read in English on 2026-09-15.", "independence_group": "ap" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/610/", "kind": "incident_database_aggregator", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Aggregator entry listing press reports; used as context only.", "independence_group": "aiid" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "privacy", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The application or applications used are not named in the inspected court reporting; an earlier version of this record named one app on the basis of press reports not re-inspected today.", "When each image was created is not established; the BBC reports that many were believed to have been created over the summer of 2023.", "Whether any image reached pornographic websites, which the families feared, is not established.", "The individual consequences for the affected girls beyond the reports cited are not documented.", "The judgment text was not inspected; its contents are taken from El País and Infobae reporting the TSJEx." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: the images were made and circulated among pupils of secondary schools in Almendralejo, Badajoz, Spain (BBC; El País 18 and 21 September 2023). Affected persons: girls attending those schools (El País 21 September 2023). Court: Juzgado de Menores de Badajoz (El País and Infobae, 9 July 2024).", "court_countries": [ "ES" ], "event_countries": [ "ES" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "ES" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under its original ID after source, duplicate and sensitivity review under the 2026-09-15 charter. Eight sources read, seven in full; no victim or suspect is named; the app named in the earlier record is omitted because the inspected court reporting does not name it.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Badajoz juvenile court's agreed judgment of 20 June 2024, as reported by El País and Infobae citing the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Extremadura, records as proven fact that the minors used artificial-intelligence applications to superimpose the girls' faces on other bodies. The application is not named in the inspected court reporting.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "Almendralejo, Spain: AI-generated nude images of at least 20 schoolgirls; 15 minors placed under supervised release", "summary": "In September 2023 families in Almendralejo (Badajoz, Spain) reported that artificial-intelligence 'undressing' applications had been used to create fake nude images of local girls aged 11 to 17 from their social-media photographs, and that the images circulated in WhatsApp groups. Police counted 22 victims and identified 10 suspects, all minors, within days. On 20 June 2024 the Badajoz juvenile court, in an agreed judgment, held 15 minors responsible for 20 counts of child pornography and 20 counts against moral integrity and imposed one year of supervised release with an education programme.", "incidentDate": "2023-09-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2023-09-18", "aiSystem": "AI image 'undressing' applications (not named in the inspected court reporting)", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "At least 20 girls aged 11 to 17 had AI-manipulated nude images of them created from their social-media photographs and shared in WhatsApp groups; families reported blackmail attempts and one mother said some girls would not leave their homes.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 20, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "The juvenile court's agreed judgment, as reported by El País and Infobae from the TSJEx, refers to at least 20 girls; police had counted 22 victims by 21 September 2023 (El País). The court figure is used as the documented minimum. The 15 minors held responsible are not counted as harmed persons.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66877718", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News, 23 September 2023: 'AI-generated naked child images shock Spanish town of Almendralejo'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T09:52:26.746489+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfakes", "minors", "spain", "school", "non-consensual-imagery", "juvenile-court" ] }, { "id": "2024-south-korea-telegram-deepfake-crisis", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1a", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "BBC 3 Sep 2024 confirms Ko Narin's Hankyoreh scoop and describes the school- and university-specific rooms.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Hankyoreh English's own exposure of the military Telegram room (27 Aug 2024).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "Around 26 August 2024 The Hankyoreh (Ko Narin) exposed Telegram rooms creating and sharing AI-generated sexual deepfakes of Korean women and girls, with rooms organized by school and university.", "causal_attribution": "The scoop's existence and the rooms' school/university organization are confirmed by the BBC's original reporting and Hankyoreh English's companion investigation; the original Korean article is dead-linked and retained uninspected." }, { "id": "c1b", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Room-structure passages: 'humiliation rooms'/'friend of friend rooms', entry terms, the 2,000-member school group.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "The rooms ran as 'humiliation rooms' and 'friend of friend rooms' with entry terms demanding at least four photos plus name, age and area, and one group for underage pupils at a single school had more than 2,000 members.", "causal_attribution": "Single-chain detail from the BBC's 3 Sep 2024 account; no second inspected chain describes the entry terms or the 2,000-member group." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Police-figure passages: 297 vs 180; 'The victims are often minors and the perpetrators are mostly teenagers'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "Watchdog ~6,500 requests Jan-Jul (4x); 178 suspects booked, 74% aged 10-19; >half of erased deepfakes involved minors.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s4" } ], "assertion": "Police recorded 297 deepfake cases in January-July 2024 against 180 in all of 2023; the watchdog received nearly 6,500 takedown requests in the first seven months of 2024 (four times the prior year); of 178 suspects booked, 74% were aged 10-19; more than half of erased deepfakes involved minors; victims were often minors and perpetrators mostly teenagers.", "causal_attribution": "Both outlets relay the same police and watchdog accounts; traced to one official origin, so the figures are reported rather than corroborated. Figures count cases, requests and suspects, not harmed people." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'more than 900 students, teachers and staff' (education ministry); 'of 964 deepfake-related sex crime cases reported from January to October last year, police made 23 arrests' (Seoul police statement).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "The education ministry counted more than 900 students, teachers and staff victimized between January and early November 2024; a Seoul police statement said that of 964 deepfake-related sex crime cases reported January-October 2024, 23 arrests were made.", "causal_attribution": "Single chain (CNN) relaying official figures; the education-ministry count is the record's person-count lower bound." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Reuters wire via CNN, 26 Sep 2024: possession/viewing criminalized.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" }, { "locator": "CNN 25 Apr 2025: Sep 2024 law — possession/viewing up to 3 years or 30M won; creation maximum raised 5 to 7 years.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "On 26 September 2024 the National Assembly criminalized possessing or viewing sexually explicit deepfakes (up to 3 years' prison or a 30 million won fine); the maximum sentence for creating deepfake pornography was raised from 5 to 7 years.", "causal_attribution": "The statute is a public record carried by two chains (Reuters wire; CNN original). The historical claim of an October 2024 amendment removing the distribution-intent requirement was not re-verified and is recorded as an unknown." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Military IDs turned into deepfake porn': servicewomen called 'military supplies'; at least 30 victims; channel active since 8 Aug with ~850 audience.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "A separate Telegram room degraded servicewomen with deepfakes made from military-intranet ID photos, implying insider involvement, with at least 30 victims across the Army, Navy and Air Force and an audience of about 850 since 8 August 2024.", "causal_attribution": "Single chain (Hankyoreh original reporting)." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Heejin passages (pseudonymous victim account).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Ruma passages (pseudonymous victim account).", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s6" } ], "assertion": "Individual victims described severe harm: a pseudonymous school victim 'Heejin' spoke to the BBC, and 'Ruma', targeted in 2021 at age 27, spoke to CNN.", "causal_attribution": "Pseudonymous first-person accounts carried by two outlets; the historical record's 'broke my whole belief system' quotation was not re-found in inspected sources and is dropped from the claims." }, { "id": "c7", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Korea Herald 16 Nov 2025 relaying the National Office of Investigation figures.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s7" } ], "assertion": "By November 2025 the National Office of Investigation reported 3,557 people apprehended for cybersexual violence over the preceding year, with deepfake crimes the largest category (1,553 cases) and about 62% of suspects teenagers.", "causal_attribution": "Single chain relaying official figures; apprehension figures count suspects, not victims." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "mass AI-generated sexual deepfakes of identified women and girls distributed in Telegram rooms", "claim_id": "c1a", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpdlpj9zn9go", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (3 Sep 2024; Jean Mackenzie, Seoul). Original reporting: victim 'Heejin', room structure, the 2,000-member school group, the 500+ activist-compiled school list.", "independence_group": "bbc" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg4yerrg451o", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (28 Aug 2024). Yoon cabinet order; police figures attributed.", "independence_group": "bbc" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1155588.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (27 Aug 2024). Hankyoreh's own exposure of the military room.", "independence_group": "hankyoreh" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://www.npr.org/2024/09/06/nx-s1-5101891/south-korea-deepfake", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (6 Sep 2024). Watchdog and police figures attributed.", "independence_group": "npr" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/26/asia/south-korea-deepfake-bill-passed-intl-hnk", "kind": "wire_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (26 Sep 2024); bylined Reuters.", "independence_group": "reuters" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/25/asia/south-korea-deepfake-crimes-intl-hnk-dst", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (25 Apr 2025). CNN original: victim 'Ruma', education-ministry figure, Seoul police statement.", "independence_group": "cnn" }, { "id": "s7", "url": "https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10616925", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (16 Nov 2025; the historical date 2025-11-01 was wrong). National Office of Investigation figures.", "independence_group": "korea-herald" }, { "id": "s8", "url": "https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1155800.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "unavailable", "language": null, "translation_note": "HTTP 404 on 2026-09-15. Ko Narin's original Korean investigation (~26 Aug 2024); retained as the historical reference. BBC's 3 Sep 2024 report confirms the scoop; the body was not inspected in this review and its language is not re-asserted.", "independence_group": "hankyoreh" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "others_use" ], "contexts": [ "education", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "Not re-verified in inspected sources and therefore not claims of this record: the 220,000-member channel figure; 781 victims with 37% minors; Women's Human Rights Institute of Korea 332,341 supported cases; the October 2024 amendment removing the distribution-intent requirement; the Seoul National University graduates' 9-year and 3.5-year sentences; the teachers' union 200-school estimate; the 'broke my whole belief system' victim quotation.", "The specific AI tools used are not identified in the inspected reporting.", "Ko Narin's original Korean article (hani.co.kr 1155800) is HTTP 404; its contents are known only through the BBC's confirmation and the historical record.", "The ScienceDirect study cited by the historical record answered 403 and was not inspected.", "Cross-group overlap between police case counts, the education-ministry victim count and watchdog requests is unresolved." ], "geography": { "basis": "Events, victims and the responding institutions are all in South Korea (all chains). No court proceeding is verified in this review, so court_countries is [].", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "KR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KR" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact crisis affecting identified women and girls, predominantly minors. The person count is the education ministry's documented lower bound; case, request and membership figures are recorded but never used as person counts. Unverifiable historical claims are preserved as unknowns rather than deleted silently. No death; the death-verification rule is not engaged. Pseudonymous victims remain pseudonymous. In a 2026-09-15 second pass the original compound first claim was split: the corroborated exposure and room organization stand as c1a, and the BBC-only structure details (entry terms, 2,000-member group) stand as reported c1b. person_relations recorded in the same pass.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Every inspected chain describes AI deepfake tools as the generation mechanism and Telegram as the distribution channel; police and watchdog figures classify the cases as deepfake sex crimes. The specific tools are not individually identified beyond 'AI deepfake/nudify tools'.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "depicted_or_impersonated" ] }, "name": "South Korea Telegram AI Deepfake Sexual Abuse Crisis", "summary": "In late August 2024, journalist Ko Narin of The Hankyoreh exposed networks of Telegram rooms in South Korea where AI tools were used to turn ordinary photos of women and girls — middle and high school pupils, university students, teachers and servicewomen — into sexual deepfakes, shared with their identities in school- and university-specific 'humiliation rooms'. Police figures showed 297 deepfake cases in January-July 2024 (vs 180 in all of 2023); the education ministry counted more than 900 victimized students, teachers and staff; President Yoon ordered a crackdown; and on 26 September 2024 the National Assembly criminalized possessing or viewing sexually explicit deepfakes. Victims were often minors and perpetrators mostly teenagers.", "incidentDate": "2024-08-01", "incidentEndDate": "2024-09-26", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2024-08-26", "aiSystem": "AI deepfake generation tools (various)", "aiCompany": "Multiple (various free AI 'undressing' tools)", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "third_party_harm_facilitation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Mass non-consensual AI sexual imagery of schoolgirls, students, teachers and servicewomen, distributed with their identities in Telegram rooms; pseudonymous victims describe severe distress, and police recorded hundreds of cases dominated by minor victims and teenage perpetrators.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 900, "affectedCountStatus": "documented_minimum", "affectedCountEvidence": "Lower bound: the South Korean education ministry's count of 'more than 900 students, teachers and staff' victimized (January-early November 2024), carried by CNN's 25 April 2025 report. This counts people reported as victims to the education authorities. Police figures (297 cases; 964 cases) count cases, not people, and are not used as person counts; the watchdog's ~6,500 figures count takedown requests, not people; the 500+ schools figure is an activist-compiled list of targets, not a victim count; channel membership numbers are not counted. Cross-group overlap is unresolved.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "KR", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpdlpj9zn9go", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News, Jean Mackenzie (3 Sep 2024) — 'Inside the deepfake porn crisis engulfing Korean schools' (replaces the dead Hankyoreh original)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T09:52:18.956616+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "deepfakes", "minor", "south-korea", "telegram", "sexual-images", "school", "criminal-charges", "legislation", "mass-scale", "non-western" ] } ] }