{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T16:31:43.864Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"defamation","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":6,"coverage":{"cases":6,"countries":3,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":3,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":2,"minors":0,"coreRelations":4,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":1,"relationPending":1,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-seoul-court-fines-district-office-official-for-posting-generative-ai-fake-couple-photos-of-female-colleague","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'구청 조직도에서 내려받은 같은 과 B씨의 사진을 생성형 AI를 활용해 자신과 연인 사이인 것처럼 합성한 뒤 네 차례에 걸쳐 자신의 SNS 프로필에 게시한 혐의를 받는다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'AI로 이를 합성해 마치 연인 관계인 것처럼 꾸며 자신의 SNS 프로필에 게시한 것으로 조사됐다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'동료 여직원의 얼굴을 인공지능(AI)으로 합성해 마치 연인 사이인 것처럼 가짜 사진을 만들어 자신의 소셜미디어(SNS)에 올린'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Under the charges, in November 2025 he took a photo of a female colleague in the same department from the office's organisation chart, used generative AI to composite it into pictures making them look like a couple, and posted them four times on his social media profile.","causal_attribution":"The charges as reported by Yonhap and Newslaw; Kyeonggi Ilbo also says the faces were composited with AI and names a photo-editing app (claim c5)."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'총 600만원(성폭력처벌법 위반 500만원·명예훼손 100만원)의 벌금을 선고했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'공소사실 전부를 유죄로 인정했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 11 September 2026 the Seoul Southern District Court convicted him on all counts and fined him 6 million won in total (5 million won under the Sexual Violence Punishment Act and 1 million won for defamation).","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported; the judgment was not inspected."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'피해자는 피고인이 올린 허위 영상물을 보고 수치심, 모욕감, 혐오감이 한 번에 몰려왔다고 진술하고 있다'; '사건 이후 사내에 소문이 퍼져 수치심과 두려움이 크다고 말하는 상황'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The judge cited the colleague's statement that she felt shame, insult and disgust on seeing the images and that rumours had spread at work, leaving her ashamed and afraid.","causal_attribution":"The judge's account of the victim's statement."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'초기 수사 단계에서는 '혐의없음' 처분을 받으며 논란이 됐다'; '지난 17일 법원에 항소장을 냈고, 검찰 역시 양형이 가볍다고 보고 항소한 것으로 알려졌다'; '해임 처분을 의결했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Police initially found no offence; afterwards he and the prosecution both appealed and the Seoul city personnel committee voted to dismiss him.","causal_attribution":"Newslaw report; the dismissal decision itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'사진 편집 애플리케이션(앱)을 이용해'; '동료 여직원의 얼굴을 인공지능(AI)으로 합성해'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Kyeonggi Ilbo, which also says the compositing was done with AI, says he made the pictures with a photo-editing app.","causal_attribution":"Detail on the tool; the same report says the compositing was done with AI, so it does not contradict the charges reported by Yonhap. No product is named."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'명예훼손 혐의와 허위 영상물 제작·게시 사실은 인정하면서도'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'자신이 게시한 영상물이 피해자의 성적 수치심을 유발하기 어렵고 그럴 고의도 없었다고 주장했지만'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In court he admitted the defamation and making and posting the false images, but denied that they could cause sexual shame or that he intended that.","causal_attribution":"The defendant's position in court as reported by Kyeonggi Ilbo and Yonhap."}],"effects":[{"label":"colleague felt shame, insult and disgust and faced workplace rumours after AI-composited fake couple photos were posted, per the court","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260911101300004","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in the original Korean on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Report of the 11 September 2026 ruling and the charges.","independence_group":"seoul-southern-district-court-ruling-reporting"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.kyeonggi.com/article/20260911580223","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in the original Korean on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Separate report of the same hearing; it describes the tool as a photo-editing app.","independence_group":"seoul-southern-district-court-ruling-reporting"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.newslaw.co.kr/ko-kr/articles/2255","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in the original Korean on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Later report on the dismissal, the appeals and the initial police decision.","independence_group":"newslaw-dismissal-and-appeal-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","relationships","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool or app was used; the reports name generative AI and a photo-editing app but no product.","The outcome of the appeals and of any challenge to the dismissal.","How widely the photos were seen."],"geography":{"basis":"The photo came from a Seoul district office's organisation chart, the colleague works at that office, and the Seoul Southern District Court decided the case.","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a Seoul court convicted and fined an official whose charges say he used generative AI to make fake couple photos of a colleague and posted them, and cited her shame and workplace rumours. Two reporting chains (ruling reports; Newslaw on the dismissal); one report also describes the tool as a photo-editing app.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The charges, as reported by Yonhap and Newslaw, state that he used generative AI to composite the colleague's photo into fake couple pictures, and the court convicted him on all counts. The pictures depicted the colleague (depicted_or_impersonated) and the judge cited her shame and the rumours that followed. Kyeonggi Ilbo also says he composited the photos with AI and describes the tool as a photo-editing app; he admitted in court making and posting the false images. The technical basis of the AI description is not disclosed.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Seoul court fines a district office official 6 million won for posting generative-AI fake couple photos of a female colleague on his social media profile","summary":"The Seoul Southern District Court on 11 September 2026 fined a male official in his fifties at a Seoul district office a total of 6 million won for making and posting false images and for defamation, according to Korean reports of the ruling. Under the charges, in November 2025 he took a photo of a female colleague in his department from the office's organisation chart, used generative AI to composite it into pictures that made them look like a couple, and posted them four times on his social media profile. The judge cited the colleague's statement that she felt shame, insult and disgust, and that rumours had spread at work. Police had initially found no offence before the case was sent back to prosecutors. Both he and the prosecution appealed, and the Seoul city personnel committee voted to dismiss him.","incidentDate":"2025-11-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-11","aiSystem":"Generative AI, not named in the reports, used to composite a colleague's photo into fake couple pictures (one report also describes the tool as a photo-editing app)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the court as reported, a colleague whose photo was composited with generative AI into fake couple pictures posted on an official's social media felt shame, insult and disgust, and rumours spread at work; the official was fined and dismissed.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the colleague depicted in the photos (court ruling as reported). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260911101300004","primarySourceLabel":"Yonhap News Agency, 11 September 2026: district official who composited a colleague's face with AI fined","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:23:44.455411+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:23:44.455411+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-composite","workplace","false-images","criminal-fine","south-korea","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-colorado-federal-court-fines-mypillow-defence-lawyers-over-brief-with-fabricated-citations-after-ai-admission","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Defendants filed their Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff'; 'the Court identified nearly thirty defective citations in the Opposition'; 'and most egregiously, citation of cases that do not exist'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'and most egregiously, citation of cases that do not exist'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The defendants' opposition to the plaintiff's motion in limine, filed on 25 February 2025 and signed by Kachouroff and DeMaster, contained nearly thirty defective citations, including misquotes and citations of cases that do not exist.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court orders, which record the court's own review of the filed brief."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Was this motion generated by generative'; 'Initially, I did an outline for myself, and I'; 'drafted a motion, and then we ran it through AI'; 'I personally did not check it'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Final Pretrial/Trial Preparation Conference held on April 21, 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"At the final pretrial conference on 21 April 2025, asked whether the motion was generated by generative artificial intelligence, Kachouroff said he had drafted it and then ran it through AI, and that he personally did not check the citations.","causal_attribution":"Counsel's statement to the court, quoted from the transcript in the 7 July order; it establishes what counsel said, and the AI's role in the defective citations rests on that statement and the co-counsel declaration."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'believed some of these citations were likely from AI drafts'; 'I do not rely on AI to do legal research or find cases'; 'the use of generative artificial intelligence or gross carelessness by counsel'; 'Nor is this Court persuaded by counsel'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Co-counsel's declaration said Kachouroff had told her he believed some of the citations were likely from AI drafts; counsel also said a wrong draft had been filed by mistake and Kachouroff declared he does not rely on AI to do legal research or find cases. The court was not persuaded by the wrong-draft explanation and found no explanation of how the citations appeared absent generative AI or gross carelessness.","causal_attribution":"The declarations' content and the court's findings are documented by the order; the order does not itself find which tool produced the citations."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'The Court hereby SANCTIONS Christopher I. Kachouroff and the law firm'; 'The Court hereby SANCTIONS Jennifer T. DeMaster in the amount of'; 'this Court does not extend the sanctions to Defendants'; 'no later than August 4, 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A federal judge ordered two attorneys representing MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell in a Colorado defamation case to pay $3,000 each'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 7 July 2025 the court held that Kachouroff and DeMaster violated Rule 11 and sanctioned Kachouroff and his law firm jointly $3,000 and DeMaster $3,000, payable by 4 August 2025, and did not extend the sanctions to Lindell or his companies.","causal_attribution":"Established by the operative part of the 7 July order; NPR relays it."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Kachouroff and DeMaster didn'; 'request for comment'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"NPR reported that Kachouroff and DeMaster did not respond to its request for comment.","causal_attribution":"NPR's own report of its request."}],"effects":[{"label":"two defence lawyers were fined $3,000 each for a brief with fabricated citations that lead counsel said had been run through AI","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129/pdf/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129-10.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). Order of 7 July 2025 (Doc. 383, 20 pages) read in full; the hearing transcript, the declarations and the draft exhibits it cites were not read separately.","independence_group":"coomer-v-lindell-d-colo-sanctions-orders"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129/pdf/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129-8.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). Order to show cause of 23 April 2025 (Doc. 309) read in full.","independence_group":"coomer-v-lindell-d-colo-sanctions-orders"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.npr.org/2025/07/10/nx-s1-5463512/ai-courts-lawyers-mypillow-fines","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in full in English by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-14 (HTTP 200). NPR reports the 7 July order and quotes it; it adds that the lawyers did not respond to a request for comment.","independence_group":"coomer-v-lindell-d-colo-sanctions-orders"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","others_use"],"contexts":["justice","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used on the brief and which citations it introduced.","Whether either lawyer has faced bar disciplinary proceedings over the brief; the final order imposes fines only."],"geography":{"basis":"The brief was filed in, and the sanctions imposed by, the US District Court for the District of Colorado (both orders). Where the lawyers drafted the brief is not stated, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court seat.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because the court's 7 July 2025 order documents that two defence lawyers were fined $3,000 each for a brief with nearly thirty defective citations, including non-existent cases, and quotes lead counsel's statement in court that the draft was run through AI and not checked.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-14"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's 7 July 2025 order quotes lead counsel's answer at the 21 April 2025 conference that after drafting the motion 'we ran it through AI' and that he did not check the citations, and quotes co-counsel's declaration that he believed some of the citations were likely from AI drafts. The filed brief contained citations of cases that do not exist, and the court found counsel gave no explanation of how those citations appeared absent the use of generative artificial intelligence or gross carelessness; it fined both lawyers for the brief. The AI output is thus connected to the sanctioned filing by counsel's own statements in the court record. Counsel later declared that he does not rely on AI to do legal research or find cases, and the court did not identify the tool.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Colorado federal court fines two MyPillow defence lawyers $3,000 each over a brief with fabricated citations; lead counsel had admitted running it through AI","summary":"In the defamation case Coomer v. Lindell in the US District Court for the District of Colorado, a brief that lawyers for Mike Lindell and MyPillow filed on 25 February 2025 contained nearly thirty defective citations, including citations of cases that do not exist. At a conference on 21 April 2025 lead counsel Christopher Kachouroff told Judge Nina Y. Wang that he had drafted the motion and then 'ran it through AI' and had not personally checked the citations. Counsel later said a wrong draft had been filed by mistake; the court was not persuaded. On 7 July 2025 the court found that he and co-counsel Jennifer DeMaster had violated Rule 11 and fined each $3,000 (Kachouroff jointly with his law firm). The court did not sanction Lindell or his companies.","incidentDate":"2025-02-25","incidentEndDate":"2025-07-07","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-04-23","aiSystem":"A generative AI tool that lead counsel said the draft brief was run through; the court record does not identify which tool was used for this brief","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI drafting tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","financial_loss","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the court's 7 July 2025 order, two defence lawyers were found to have violated Rule 11 and were each fined $3,000 after filing a brief with nearly thirty defective citations, including non-existent cases, which lead counsel had said was run through AI.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people sanctioned in the 7 July 2025 order: lead counsel, who told the court the draft was run through AI (counted as the AI user), and co-counsel who signed the brief, whose own use of AI is not established (counted as another person harmed). The law firm is an organisation and is not counted; the defendants were not sanctioned.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129/pdf/USCOURTS-cod-1_22-cv-01129-10.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"US District Court for the District of Colorado, Coomer v. Lindell, order on the order to show cause (Doc. 383), 7 July 2025","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-14T03:03:29.9489+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T03:03:29.9489+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["colorado","federal-court","defamation-case","lawyers","fabricated-citations","rule-11-sanction","generative-ai"]},{"id":"2025-jakarta-jusuf-hamka-ai-deepfake-detainee-videos-tiktok-trial","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'narasi fitnah yang dibuat dengan menggunakan Artificial Inteligen (AI) di media sosial TikTok'; 'sedang menggunakan pakaian tahanan dan dikaitkan dengan tuduhan korupsi, suap, dan gratifikasi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'pelaku memakai teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) untuk melakukan manipulasi visual wajah Jusuf Hamka dan putrinya'; 'menyebarkannya melalui akun TikTok'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Menyebarkan narasi suap konsesi Tol Cawang-Pluit senilai lebih dari Rp1 triliun'; 'Memasang poster rekayasa yang mencalonkan Jusuf Hamka sebagai presiden 2029'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'seolah memakai baju tahanan kejaksaan karena dituduh melakukan suap, gratifikasi untuk konsesi tol Cawang-Pluit'; 'pelaku mengedit foto'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"}],"assertion":"Videos on TikTok showed Jusuf Hamka and his daughter as if wearing detainee uniforms, tied to narratives of corruption, bribery and gratification that his lawyers call false over the Cawang-Pluit toll concession; his lawyers say the faces were composited with AI into staged scenes (VIVA) and that photos were edited to show them in prosecutors' detainee clothing (ANTARA, 4 December 2025), and other content included a 'toll mafia' label and a fabricated 2029 presidential poster.","causal_attribution":"Hamka's lawyers and the prosecution case as reported; the videos were not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Laporan ini teregister di Polda Metro dengan nomor STTLP/B/7474/X/2025/SPKT/Polda Metro Jaya tertanggal 18 Oktober 2025'; 'Pada 24 November 2025, penyidik secara resmi meningkatkan status perkara ke tahap penyidikan usai ditemukan bukti'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'ditangkap penyidik Unit 2 Subdit 2 Direktorat Siber Polda Metro Jaya pada Kamis (27/11) usai dilaporkan pada 18 Oktober 2025'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'pada 27 November 2025, penyidik Unit 2 Subdit 2 Direktorat Siber Polda Metro Jaya menangkap salah seorang pemilik akun Tiktok'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Hamka reported the content to Polda Metro Jaya on 18 October 2025; the case was raised to investigation on 24 November and the suspected maker and spreader was arrested by the cyber directorate on 27 November 2025.","causal_attribution":"Reported through Hamka's lawyers; VIVA's second page quotes the cyber directorate's deputy director confirming one arrest, without a date."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'menghadiri sidang dakwaan dugaan hoaks dan manipulasi informasi elektronik konten deepfake di Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Jakarta Pusat pada Selasa (15/9/2026)'; 'kubu terdakwa melalui kuasa hukumnya mengaku bakal menempuh upaya eksepsi'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'didakwa melanggar Pasal 35 juncto Pasal 51 ayat (1) UU ITE dengan ancaman hukuman maksimal 12 tahun penjara'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The trial opened at the Central Jakarta District Court on 15 September 2026 with the reading of an indictment under Article 35 jo 51(1) of the ITE Law (maximum 12 years); the defence said it would file an exception.","causal_attribution":"Court reporting by tvOneNews and Poskota, with different content from the same hearing."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'narasi yang termuat dalam konten tersebut dinilainya tidak benar dan berpotensi merusak reputasinya'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'penyebaran ini menimbulkan dampak psikologis, reputasional, serta kerugian moril'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Hamka said the content disturbed him, that its narratives were untrue and could damage his reputation, and that the campaign was systematic; his lawyer said the spread caused psychological, reputational and moral harm.","causal_attribution":"Hamka's own statements and his lawyer's; no independent assessment of harm."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'terdakwa mengaku mendapat imbalan sebesar Rp500.000 untuk setiap konten yang dibuat atas perintah pihak tertentu'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'kan dia dikasih duit Rp500.000 setiap konten'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'pernyataan mengenai pembayaran tersebut merupakan klaim Jusuf yang masih menjadi bagian dari perkara'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Hamka and his lawyers say the defendant admitted during the police investigation that he made the content on others' orders for Rp500,000 per item; tvOneNews notes this payment is Hamka's claim within a contested case.","causal_attribution":"Claim of the complainant's side; the alleged admission was not inspected."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Tidak ada ruang untuk restorative justice kecuali dia mau bicara dengan tegas di pengadilan, siapa yang menyuruh melakukan tindak pidana ini dan juga yang membayar'; 'surat dakwaan jaksa dinilai tidak cermat dan belum menjelaskan secara jelas perbuatan pidana yang didakwakan kepada kliennya'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'majelis hakim sempat menanyakan kemungkinan penyelesaian perkara melalui mekanisme restorative justice'; 'membantah argumentasi yang disampaikan pihak Jusuf Hamka'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'secara tegas menutup pintu penyelesaian secara restorative justice (RJ)'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"At the 29 September 2026 hearing the judges asked about restorative justice; Hamka's lawyer said there was no room for it unless the defendant named who ordered and paid; the defendant's lawyer said the content related to his anti-corruption committee role and that the indictment was unclear.","causal_attribution":"Three outlets' reports of the same hearing; tvOneNews and TVRI follow one shared text."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'dinyatakan lengkap atau P21'; 'penyidik menyerahkan tersangka beserta barang bukti kepada penuntut umum pada Kejaksaan Negeri Jakarta Pusat'; 'Pasal 433 Ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP juncto Pasal 441 Ayat 1'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Hamka's lawyer said the case file had been declared complete (P21) and the suspect and evidence handed to Central Jakarta prosecutors, under alternative counts including Article 32(1) jo 48(1) ITE and Articles 433(2) jo 441(1) of the 2023 Criminal Code (reported 12 August 2026).","causal_attribution":"The lawyer's statement via Akurat; the P21 date is not given."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-manipulated videos depicting him and his daughter as detainees with corruption allegations he denies spread on TikTok","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5285803/kuasa-hukum-sebut-konten-hoaks-jusuf-hamka-diduga-dibuat-terorganisir","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (ANTARA, 3 December 2025): the lawyers' statement, the arrest date and the police report number. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1865501-geger-jusuf-hamka-difitnah-pakai-baju-tahanan-pelaku-deepfake-diciduk-polisi","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (VIVA, 3 December 2025, pages 1 and 2; page 2 saved by the verifier as bodies/verify-v3-viva-p2.txt): lawyer Mohammad Anwar on the AI manipulation, the report, the investigation stage and the arrest; page 2 carries Anwar's full statement and quotes the Polda Metro Jaya cyber directorate's deputy director confirming one arrest. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.akurat.co/hukum/881600/kasus-deepfake-jusuf-hamka-dinyatakan-lengkap-tersangka-dan-barang-bukti-dilimpahkan-ke-jaksa","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (Akurat.co, 12 August 2026): P21, handover to Central Jakarta prosecutors and the counts, per lawyer Sogi Bagaskara. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.tvonenews.com/berita/467280-sidang-dakwaan-konten-hoaks-jusuf-hamka-buka-peluang-jalur-damai","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (tvOneNews, 15 September 2026): indictment hearing, Hamka's remarks to reporters. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"tvonenews-court-reporting"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.poskota.co.id/2026/09/15/jusuf-hamka-hadiri-sidang-kasus-deepfake-ai-desak-polisi-bongkar-aktor-intelektual","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (Poskota, 15 September 2026): the counts, the listed content and the lawyer's account of the police admission. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"poskota-court-reporting"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.tvonenews.com/berita/470241-sidang-lanjutan-konten-hoaks-kubu-jusuf-hamka-tolak-permintaan-restorative-justice","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (tvOneNews, 29 September 2026): the restorative-justice question, both sides' lawyers. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hearing-2026-09-29-shared-text"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.poskota.co.id/2026/09/29/tolak-restorative-justice-jusuf-hamka-desak-pembuat-deepfake-buka-identitas-aktor-intelektual","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (Poskota, 29 September 2026): refusal of restorative justice. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"poskota-court-reporting"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://hukum.tvrinews.com/berita/tk6hpbu-tolak-restorative-justice-jusuf-hamka-minta-terdakwa-ungkap-pihak-yang-membiayai-konten","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (TVRI News, 29 September 2026): the hearing and the next stage. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hearing-2026-09-29-shared-text"},{"id":"s9","url":"https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5286403/kuasa-hukum-harap-polisi-ungkap-otak-penyebar-hoaks-jusuf-hamka","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read live in Indonesian on 2026-09-30 (ANTARA, 4 December 2025): lawyers Anwar and Sogi on the edited photos, the Cawang-Pluit concession narrative and the suspected orderers (initials omitted). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"hamka-legal-team-statements"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice","work"],"unknowns":["When the videos were first posted and how far they spread.","Which tool made them.","Whether anyone besides the defendant has been identified as ordering or paying for the content.","The verdict."],"geography":{"basis":"The report, investigation and arrest were by Polda Metro Jaya (Jakarta) and the trial is at the Central Jakarta District Court (ANTARA; VIVA; tvOneNews); Hamka is an Indonesian businessman appearing at that court. Where the videos were made is not stated beyond the Jakarta police jurisdiction.","court_countries":["ID"],"event_countries":["ID"],"affected_person_countries":["ID"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (AI-manipulated videos depicting a named public figure and his daughter as detainees with corruption allegations he denies, now the subject of a criminal trial). The AI description rests on the complainant's lawyers and the prosecution case as reported; court events are reported by several outlets. Hamka and his daughter are public figures; the defendant is not named here.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-30"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Hamka's lawyers say the maker used AI to manipulate his and his daughter's faces into staged scenes showing them in detainee uniforms (VIVA; ANTARA), and the prosecution's case as reported at trial describes AI-engineered videos and false narratives made in bulk (Poskota). The videos were not inspected and no tool is named; the defence disputes the case but is not reported to dispute that the content was AI-made.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jakarta: AI-manipulated TikTok videos showed toll-road businessman Jusuf Hamka and his daughter in detainee uniforms with bribery and corruption narratives that Hamka denies; a TikTok account holder was arrested in November 2025 and is on trial at the Central Jakarta District Court, where Hamka's side refused restorative justice on 29 September 2026","summary":"Indonesian businessman Mohamad Jusuf Hamka reported to Jakarta police on 18 October 2025 that videos circulating on TikTok showed him and his daughter as if wearing prosecutors' detainee uniforms, tied to narratives of corruption, bribery and gratification over the Cawang-Pluit toll concession, which he denies and his lawyers call false; his lawyers say the faces were composited into staged scenes with AI, and that other content called him a 'toll mafia' and posted a fabricated poster of him running for president in 2029. Polda Metro Jaya's cyber directorate arrested the holder of the TikTok accounts on 27 November 2025; Hamka and his lawyers say the defendant admitted to police that he made the content on others' instructions for Rp500,000 per item; tvOneNews and TVRI note this is Hamka's side's claim within the contested case, and Poskota reports it is being examined at trial. The case file was reported complete (P21) on 12 August 2026 and the trial opened at the Central Jakarta District Court on 15 September 2026 under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Article 35 jo 51(1), maximum 12 years) and alternative counts. Hamka told reporters the content disturbed him and could damage his reputation and that the campaign was systematic. At the 29 September 2026 hearing the judges asked about restorative justice; Hamka's lawyer said there was no room for it unless the defendant named who ordered and paid for the content. The defendant's lawyer said the content related to his work as secretary-general of an anti-corruption committee and that the indictment was unclear.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-12-03","aiSystem":"AI-manipulated ('deepfake') videos and edited photos compositing the faces of Jusuf Hamka and his daughter into scenes showing them in detainee uniforms, posted on TikTok (per his lawyers; tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Jusuf Hamka says AI-manipulated videos depicting him and his daughter as detainees with corruption allegations he denies spread on TikTok, disturbed him and threatened his reputation; his lawyers describe psychological, reputational and moral harm (tvOneNews; VIVA; ANTARA).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two depicted people: Jusuf Hamka and his daughter (ANTARA; VIVA; Poskota). Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"ID","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5285803/kuasa-hukum-sebut-konten-hoaks-jusuf-hamka-diduga-dibuat-terorganisir","primarySourceLabel":"ANTARA News, 3 December 2025: Kuasa hukum sebut konten hoaks Jusuf Hamka diduga dibuat terorganisir","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:45.955729+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T04:13:45.955729+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","ai-generated-video","tiktok","defamation","disinformation","criminal-trial","uu-ite","indonesia","jakarta","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-keene-v-google-ai-overview-defamation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Opinion page 2 lists Overviews 1–4 separately: 1, 2 and 4 concern life without parole; 2 mentions murders of three women; 3 says he was convicted of drug trafficking. The analysis of Overview 3 and conclusion explain its substantial-truth dismissal.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Complaint excerpt: statements that he 'is serving a life sentence without parole for multiple convictions' and 'for the murders of 3 women'.","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The court’s opinion recounts four challenged Google AI Overviews between approximately 24 May and 27 June 2025. The complaint alleges that Overviews 1, 2 and 4 falsely said Keene was serving life without parole, with Overview 2 adding murders of three women. Overview 3 instead said he had been convicted of drug trafficking; the court considered that statement substantially true.","causal_attribution":"Allegations of the complaint as recited by the court; accepted as true only for the motion to dismiss."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Page 2: 'Keene complained to Google about the false statements on three occasions ... Google allegedly apologized ... and deemed the statements errors made by its Artificial Intelligence.' and 'AI Overviews 1 and 2 were seen by various family members, friends, and acquaintances.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Complaint excerpt: 27 May 2025 complaint; Google 'privately apologized', attributing the statements to 'an unknown error made by their Artificial Intelligence Platform'.","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges he notified Google on 27 May, 31 May and after 27 June 2025, that Google apologised each time and attributed the statements to errors by its AI, and that Overviews 1 and 2 were seen by family members, friends and acquaintances.","causal_attribution":"Allegations as recited by the court."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Pages 1 and 12: 'that motion is granted in part and denied in part' ... 'the Court denies Google's motion to dismiss AI Overviews 1 and 2, and grants Google's motion to dismiss AI Overviews 3 and 4 without prejudice. Keene may file an amended complaint by October 13, 2026.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Docket entry 29, 14 September 2026: 'Memorandum Opinion and Order AND Order on Motion to Dismiss'.","relation":"context","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Post quoting the opinion's actual-malice and disclaimer holdings.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 14 September 2026 Judge Thomas M. Durkin denied Google's motion to dismiss the defamation per se claim as to Overviews 1 and 2, holding that the plaintiff, a public figure, had plausibly pleaded actual malice through his three notifications, and dismissed the claims on Overviews 3 (substantially true) and 4 (publication not alleged) without prejudice, with leave to amend by 13 October 2026.","causal_attribution":"Court ruling on the pleadings; no finding of liability."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Page 2: 'Keene filed his complaint ... on July 30, 2025, in the Circuit Court of Cook County. Google removed the suit to federal court on September 22, 2025.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Docket header: filed 22 September 2025, No. 1:25-cv-11431.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The suit was filed in the Circuit Court of Cook County on 30 July 2025 and removed by Google to federal court on 22 September 2025.","causal_attribution":"Procedural history from the court record."}],"effects":[{"label":"reputational_harm_from_false_ai_statements","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilnd.486629/gov.uscourts.ilnd.486629.29.0.pdf","kind":"court_opinion","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Memorandum Opinion and Order, ECF No. 29, filed 14 September 2026; PDF read in full via CourtListener RECAP on 2026-09-15.","independence_group":"court-record"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71417738/keene-v-google-llc/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Public docket page read on 2026-09-15.","independence_group":"court-record"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://reason.com/volokh/2026/09/14/federal-court-allows-libel-by-ai-claim-brought-by-protagonist-of-apple-tvs-black-bird-series-to-go-forward/","kind":"legal_commentary","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-15; quotes the opinion.","independence_group":"court-record"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://reason.com/volokh/2025/09/23/from-prison-to-helping-the-fbi-to-an-apple-tv-miniseries-to-google-hallucinated-libel/","kind":"legal_commentary","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-15; quotes the complaint at removal.","independence_group":"court-record"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The plaintiff's residence and the locations where the Overviews were generated or viewed are not stated in the inspected records.","No damages figure appears in the inspected records.","The complaint exhibits (screenshots of the Overviews) were not inspected.","The case continues; an amended complaint was due by 13 October 2026."],"geography":{"basis":"The AI Overviews were generated online in response to searches; where they were generated or viewed is not stated. The plaintiff's residence is not stated in the inspected records, and the charter does not infer a country from the court. Court: United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, after removal from the Circuit Court of Cook County.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published on the strength of the court's own opinion and docket, read in full, with legal commentary as context. The plaintiff is a public figure who sued under his own name; allegations are attributed to the complaint and the ruling is limited to the pleadings.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The statements at issue appeared in Google's AI Overviews, and the court's opinion recites the allegation that Google attributed them to errors by its artificial intelligence. The screenshots are exhibits to the complaint and were not inspected here; the court accepted the allegations as true for the motion to dismiss only.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Keene v. Google: defamation claim over AI Overviews calling an author a convicted murderer survives dismissal","summary":"An author and television producer, the subject of the Apple TV series 'Black Bird', sued Google, alleging that AI Overviews shown for searches about him in May and June 2025 falsely said he was serving a life sentence without parole, in one version for the murders of three women. He says he notified Google three times and received apologies attributing the statements to its AI, yet similar statements kept appearing. On 14 September 2026 the Northern District of Illinois denied Google's motion to dismiss as to two of the four challenged Overviews and dismissed the other two without prejudice. This was a ruling on the pleadings, not a finding that the allegations were proven.","incidentDate":"2025-05-24","incidentEndDate":"2025-06-27","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-09-23","aiSystem":"Google AI Overviews","aiProduct":"Google AI Overviews","aiCompany":"Google LLC","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The plaintiff alleges that false AI-generated statements that he was a convicted murderer serving life without parole were shown to searchers, including family, friends and acquaintances, and continued after he notified Google.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person is the subject of the alleged defamatory statements and the plaintiff (court opinion). Family and acquaintances who saw the statements are not counted as harmed.","victimAgeRange":"adult","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilnd.486629/gov.uscourts.ilnd.486629.29.0.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Memorandum Opinion and Order, Keene v. Google LLC, No. 25 C 11431 (N.D. Ill. 14 September 2026), ECF No. 29, via CourtListener RECAP","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-15T03:23:44.732123+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:07.683768+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["defamation","ai-overviews","google","hallucination","lawsuit","reputational-harm"]},{"id":"2026-ahmedabad-ai-morphed-images","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'for allegedly creating multiple fake social media accounts and uploading AI-generated morphed obscene images and videos of an Ahmedabad woman and her mother after she rejected his friendship request, according to a statement issued by the cybercrime police'; 'between Dec 2025 and April 2026'; 'forensic examination of the accused’s phone revealed the existence of eight to ten fake social media accounts created in the complainant’s name'; 'generated more than 100 AI-morphed images of the victim using various online tools and websites'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'created at least three separate fake Instagram IDs and a YouTube channel in her name and uploaded obscene morphed photos of herself and her mother'; 'He then searched “AI Remove Clothes” on Google and uploaded these photographs on various websites. Using AI tools, he created morphed nude photographs and nude videos and uploaded them on these fake IDs. He also wrote obscene text and mentally harassed the complainant.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'uploaded over 100 AI-generated nude photos and videos of her and her mother on social media platforms and YouTube channels'; 'He searched for AI Remove Clothes tools on Google and used different websites to create morphed nude images and videos'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'In total, he created over a hundred fake videos and images related to the victim, and within those six months, he created 8 to 10 fake social media accounts impersonating the complainant.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'Eight to 10 more fake social media accounts in the complainant's name were found on his mobile phone. Investigation revealed that the accused had created over 100 AI-morphed pornographic images'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Between December 2025 and April 2026 the accused, after the woman declined his friendship, created fake accounts in her name (initially three Instagram accounts and a YouTube channel; eight to ten found across X, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube on forensic examination of his phone), downloaded photographs of her and her mother, used \"AI remove clothes\" websites to produce morphed obscene images and videos of the two women, and posted them on the fake accounts with obscene captions; police say more than 100 AI-morphed images of the complainant were found (India Today and ANI put the figure as over 100 photos and videos of her and her mother).","causal_attribution":"Police allegations from the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Branch (written statement, DCP briefing, ACP interview, officer quoted by ThePrint); the accused has not been tried."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Based on the complaint, the person was booked in an FIR on April 6.'; 'A month-and-a-half later, the team apprehended'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'registered under Sections 78(2) and 356(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and Sections 66(C) and 67 of the Information Technology Act'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'was arrested by the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Branch after investigators tracked him through technical surveillance and human intelligence inputs'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'tracked him down in Delhi and arrested him on Wednesday under its new initiative, Mission Cyber Rakshika'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'A police team subsequently travelled to Delhi and arrested him there.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The woman complained to the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Police Station; an FIR was registered on 6 April 2026 under Sections 78(2) and 356(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and Sections 66(C) and 67 of the Information Technology Act; police traced the accused through technical surveillance and human intelligence and arrested him at his home in north-east Delhi (announced 28 May 2026, the arrest reported as the previous day) under the Branch's \"Mission Cyber Rakshika\" initiative.","causal_attribution":"Police statements; the FIR date is reported by the Indian Express only."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'He told her that he would ensure he reports these accounts, so nobody troubles her. He was just manipulating her, and trying to gain her sympathy,” said an officer probing the matter.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'After doing this, he would contact the victim, assuring her that he would get her account reinstated. This went on for a total of five to six months'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"The woman had confided in the accused about the fake accounts; police say he told her to keep quiet, claimed he was reporting the accounts and would get them removed, and manipulated her for sympathy for five to six months before the complaint.","causal_attribution":"Police officers quoted by ThePrint and the DCP quoted by ANI."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The woman claimed she was “mentally harassed and defamed in the society, since her nude photographs and videos morphed with AI, with obscene texts written over it, are being shared online (sic),” a senior police officer from Ahmedabad Crime Branch’s Cyber Crime unit told ThePrint.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'Police said the posts caused deep mental trauma and public humiliation for both the woman and her mother.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The complainant told police she was mentally harassed and defamed in society by the morphed images; police said the posts caused deep mental trauma and public humiliation for her and her mother.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's account as relayed by police; no independent impact evidence."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'He also utilised AI to generate videos and explicit images, not only of the victim but also of her mother and maternal aunt, and posted them on these accounts'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'uploaded obscene morphed photos of herself and her mother'","relation":"context","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The DCP said the AI images also depicted the woman's maternal aunt; the written police statement and the other reports mention only the woman and her mother.","causal_attribution":"DCP briefing to ANI only."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-morphed obscene images and videos of a woman and her mother (more than 100 images found) posted for months on fake accounts impersonating the woman","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the complainant reported mental harassment and defamation; police said both women suffered trauma and public humiliation","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/delhi-man-posts-100-obscene-ai-created-photos-of-ahmedabad-woman/articleshow/131377083.cms","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Times of India, Ahmedabad, TNN, 29 May 2026 edition, live). Reports the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Branch statement.","independence_group":"cyber-crime-branch-statement"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/delhi-man-ai-morph-pictures-videos-gujarat-woman-social-media-10712944/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (live page 403). Indian Express Ahmedabad, 28 May 2026; quotes the Cyber Crime Branch statement verbatim and gives the FIR date.","independence_group":"cyber-crime-branch-statement"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.etvbharat.com/en/state/gujarat-cyber-crime-branch-arrests-man-for-uploading-obscene-photos-videos-of-woman-and-her-mother-on-social-media-enn26052806767","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (ETV Bharat, 28 May 2026, live). Same statement, with the investigating inspector quoted.","independence_group":"cyber-crime-branch-statement"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/over-100-ai-morphed-photos-fake-idsdelhi-man-held-for-online-harassment-of-ahmedabad-woman-mother-32482827453","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Gujarat Samachar English, 28 May 2026, live). IANS wire text of the same statement, also carried by The Statesman, Asia News Network, Mangalorean and others.","independence_group":"cyber-crime-branch-statement"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-priest-creates-nudes-of-woman-using-ai-after-she-refuses-to-be-friends-on-instagram-11558612","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture (live page 403). NDTV, 28 May 2026, citing IANS; gives the arrest day.","independence_group":"cyber-crime-branch-statement"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ai-generated-nude-photos-delhi-man-held-ahmedabad-influencer-mother-2918567-2026-05-28","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (India Today, bylined, 28 May 2026, live). Quotes the Cyber Crime Branch ACP directly.","independence_group":"india-today-acp"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ahmedabad-police-under-mission-cyber-rakshika-arrests-27-year-old-delhi-based-religious-preacher-for-creating-fake-profile-of-gujarat-woman20260529083631/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (ANI, 29 May 2026, live). On-camera briefing by the Ahmedabad DCP; copied by Asianet Newsable.","independence_group":"ani-dcp-briefing"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://theprint.in/india/gujarat-womans-spiritual-friend-turns-stalker-held-for-posting-her-morphed-photos-online-for-months/2944720/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 from a Wayback Machine capture of 1 June 2026 (live page answers a JavaScript challenge). ThePrint, bylined, 29 May 2026; quotes a senior Cyber Crime officer and investigators.","independence_group":"theprint-officer"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI websites or tools used are not named.","The complainant's age: 24 (Indian Express) or 21 (ThePrint).","Whether the maternal aunt was depicted (DCP briefing to ANI only).","Whether the more-than-100 figure counts images only (police statement) or images and videos (India Today, ANI).","Any charge sheet, bail decision or trial outcome; nothing later than 1 June 2026 was found.","How far the material spread and whether the platforms removed it."],"geography":{"basis":"Complainant in Ahmedabad, Gujarat; FIR at the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Police Station; accused arrested in north-east Delhi (all sources). No court proceeding is reported in the inspected sources.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact and impersonation case with identified (unnamed) depicted victims, a registered FIR and an arrest. Four police briefings read across separate outlets, all originating with the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Branch; claims recorded as reported. Original ID and first-publication timestamp preserved; incident dates corrected to the harassment period.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Cyber Crime Branch statement says the accused searched \"AI Remove Clothes\", uploaded the photographs to such websites and produced morphed images and videos with AI tools; police say forensic examination of his phone found more than 100 AI-morphed images. The specific tools are not named and the finding is a police allegation pending trial. The artifacts depicted the women and the fake accounts impersonated the complainant; no AI system interacted with them.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Ahmedabad, Gujarat: a 27-year-old Delhi man was arrested for posting AI-morphed obscene images and videos of a young woman and her mother (more than 100 images found) on fake accounts in her name after she declined his friendship, while posing as the friend reporting the fake accounts for her","summary":"On 28 May 2026 the Ahmedabad Cyber Crime Branch announced the arrest in north-east Delhi of a 27-year-old man who posts religious discourse videos online. Police allege that after meeting a young Ahmedabad woman with a public social-media profile through religious conversations on Instagram and being refused friendship, he stalked her online from December 2025 to April 2026, created fake accounts in her name (three Instagram accounts and a YouTube channel at first; eight to ten across X, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube were found on his phone), downloaded photographs of her and her mother, used websites found by searching \"AI remove clothes\" to generate morphed obscene images and videos of the two women, and posted them with obscene captions to damage her reputation; investigators say more than 100 AI-morphed images of the complainant were found. Officers told ThePrint and ANI that she had confided in him about the accounts and that he told her to keep quiet and claimed to be reporting the accounts and getting hers reinstated. She complained to the Cyber Crime Police Station; an FIR was registered on 6 April 2026 under BNS Sections 78(2) and 356(2) and IT Act Sections 66(C) and 67, and the accused was traced through technical surveillance and arrested under the Branch's \"Mission Cyber Rakshika\" campaign. The complainant said she was mentally harassed and defamed; the DCP said the images also depicted her maternal aunt. Further investigation was under way; no charge sheet or court outcome was found.","incidentDate":"2025-12-01","incidentEndDate":"2026-04-06","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-05-28","aiSystem":"Web-based AI \"remove clothes\" image-manipulation tools found via Google search (not named); used to morph photographs into obscene images and videos","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A young woman and her mother were depicted in AI-morphed obscene images and videos (more than 100 images found by police) posted for months on fake accounts impersonating the woman; she told police she was mentally harassed and defamed, and police said both women suffered trauma and public humiliation. The accused was arrested and booked; the case is pending.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Two depicted people are reported in every chain: the complainant (also impersonated) and her mother. The DCP told ANI that a maternal aunt was also depicted, which no other source repeats, so the count is a documented minimum of 2. The accused is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/delhi-man-posts-100-obscene-ai-created-photos-of-ahmedabad-woman/articleshow/131377083.cms","primarySourceLabel":"The Times of India (Ahmedabad), 29 May 2026: Delhi man creates fake accounts and uploads 100 obscene AI-generated photos of Ahmedabad woman (Cyber Crime Branch statement)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-06-15T07:52:26.434751+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:23.789885+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ai-undressing","ncii","impersonation","stalking","harassment","india","gujarat","ahmedabad","arrest","depicted"]},{"id":"2025-holmen-norway-gdpr","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now checked against the inspected noyb press page. noyb describes him as the Norwegian user and refers to his home town without naming it; residence in Trondheim rests on the retained row, so affected-person country is NO by reported residence. The noyb page does not state where he queried ChatGPT or where the output was viewed, so the event location remains unknown after review. The complaint was filed with the Norwegian data protection authority (Datatilsynet), a regulator rather than a court, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Trondheim, Norway","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NO"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'When the Norwegian user Arve Hjalmar Holmen wanted to find out if ChatGPT had any information about him, he was confronted with a made up horror story'","location":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["NO"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["NO"]},"unresolved":["The location where the ChatGPT output was generated or viewed is not stated in the inspected noyb page or the retained row; event_countries remains empty as a reviewed unknown.","No court proceeding: the Datatilsynet complaint is a regulatory complaint, so court_countries is empty as a reviewed result.","The complaint PDF linked from the noyb page and any Norwegian-language coverage were not inspected; only the English press page was reviewed."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-23","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (noyb, 20 March 2025; html lang=en; the page offers translations in other languages). Describes the complainant as a Norwegian user, the fabricated output (murder of two of his children, attempted murder of his third son, 21-year sentence), the mix of real details including his home town, and the complaint filed with the Norwegian Datatilsynet. Does not locate the query or the viewing of the output.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Holmen v. OpenAI - Norway GDPR Complaint","summary":"ChatGPT falsely accused Norwegian citizen Arve Hjalmar Holmen of murdering two of his sons, attempting to murder his third son, and being sentenced to 21 years prison. Mixed real personal details with horrific fabrications. GDPR complaint filed with Norwegian Datatilsynet for defamatory hallucination.","incidentDate":"2025-03-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-03-15","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["psychological_manipulation","identity_destabilization","third_party_harm_facilitation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Arve Hjalmar Holmen discovered ChatGPT combining real personal details with false claims that he murdered two sons and attempted to murder a third. He filed a GDPR complaint over the defamatory output.","frameworkFacets":["P3a","P5b","P5c"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The regulator complaint documents one named participant's distress and reputational harm.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NO","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://noyb.eu/en/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-created-fake-child-murderer","primarySourceLabel":"noyb — 'AI hallucinations: ChatGPT created a fake child murderer', the complaint filed with Datatilsynet","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:13:04.624733+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:05.427919+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["norway","gdpr","chatgpt","defamation","hallucination","noyb","false_accusations"]}]}