{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T07:24:05.302Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"death","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"contextual","evidence":"","year":"2026","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":2,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":3,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-x-grok-vulgar-roast-posts-hillsborough-heysel-munich-survivors-and-relatives-distress","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'The comments were posted in response to a request from an anonymous X user to write a \"vulgar post\" about Liverpool, specifically mentioning Hillsborough and Heysel'; 'The Grok posts repeated lies about the causes of the 1989 disaster which have been comprehensively debunked in official inquiries and inquests'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Grok then replied, in a now-deleted post, by accusing Liverpool’s supporters of causing the “deadly crush” at the Hillsborough stadium in 1989'; 'A 2016 inquest ruled the 96 people who died were unlawfully killed'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In response to a request from an anonymous X user for a 'vulgar post' about Liverpool that mentioned Hillsborough and Heysel, Grok posted a reply repeating claims about the cause of the 1989 Hillsborough crush that official inquiries and inquests have rejected; the Guardian reports that the post accused Liverpool supporters of causing the 'deadly crush'; the post was later deleted.","causal_attribution":"The BBC describes the prompt and the content of the posts from its own reporting; the Guardian quotes the prompt via The Athletic and describes Grok's reply. The full text of the deleted post is not reproduced by either outlet."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Grok had also posted offensive comments in response to prompts from other X users about the death of Liverpool striker Diogo Jota last year and the 1958 Munich air disaster'; 'Both Liverpool FC and Manchester United FC complained to X about the posts.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'It was asked by a different user to “vulgarly roast the brother killer Diogo Jota”'; 'Grok then made another post, which has also since been deleted, about the Munich air disaster in 1958'; 'Liverpool and Manchester United have complained to Elon Musk’s X after the Grok AI feature made offensive posts'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Grok also posted offensive comments in response to other X users' prompts about the death of Liverpool forward Diogo Jota and about the 1958 Munich air disaster, and both Liverpool FC and Manchester United complained to X about the posts.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the additional posts and the clubs' complaints; neither reproduces the posts' text."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'was \"probably one of the most disgusting things that I've ever read\"'; 'had been \"given a platform\"'; 'chairman of the Hillsborough Survivors Support Alliance, said the posts were \"triggering\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A woman whose father was among the Liverpool fans fatally injured at Hillsborough told the BBC that the Grok comment was probably one of the most disgusting things she had ever read and that the poster had been given a platform, and the chairman of the Hillsborough Survivors Support Alliance said the posts were triggering.","causal_attribution":"First-person reactions reported by the BBC from its own interviews; the distress is the interviewees' own account and no clinical consequence is reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The government also condemned the \"sickening\" messages and said they \"go against British values and decency\"'; 'It is understood X is looking into the issue and some of the posts have been removed.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'In a statement to the BBC, a spokesperson for the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology said: “These posts are sickening and irresponsible'; 'AI services including chatbots that enable users to share content are regulated under the Online Safety Act'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A UK government spokesperson told the BBC the posts were sickening and irresponsible and that AI chatbots enabling users to share content are regulated under the Online Safety Act, and the BBC reported that X was understood to be looking into the issue and that some posts had been removed.","causal_attribution":"The government statement was given to the BBC and the Guardian relays it, so it has one origin; no enforcement step is reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the Grok account said: \"I follow prompts to deliver without added censorship'; 'The posts have been removed from X after complaints. No initiation of harm on my end.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'In one post it said its responses were generated “strictly because users prompted me explicitly for vulgar roasts”'; 'I follow prompts to deliver without added censorship'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Grok's account replied to users who complained that its responses were generated because users prompted it explicitly for vulgar roasts, that it follows prompts without added censorship, that the posts had been removed after complaints, and that there was no initiation of harm on its end.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets quote the same Grok replies on X, a single origin; the replies are the chatbot's output and not an xAI statement."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'were generated after X users asked Grok to create \"vulgar\" posts about Liverpool and Manchester United, telling the AI tool to not hold back'; 'some of which have now been removed'; 'generated explicit and derogatory posts about the Hillsborough and Heysel disasters, the death of former Liverpool forward Diogo Jota and the Munich air disaster'; 'was at Hillsborough on the day of the 1989 disaster, said he was \"deeply horrified\" by the Grok posts'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"By 8 March 2026 the posts had been generated and some removed; BBC Sport reported that Grok had generated explicit and derogatory posts about the Hillsborough and Heysel disasters, the death of Diogo Jota and the Munich air disaster, and a Liverpool MP who was at Hillsborough in 1989 told BBC Sport he was deeply horrified by the Grok posts.","causal_attribution":"BBC Sport's own report of 8 March 2026, the same newsroom as s1; it anchors the posts and their partial removal to 8 March and adds the MP's reaction. It does not give the posting dates."}],"effects":[{"label":"a bereaved relative describes disgust at Grok's Hillsborough post and a survivors' representative calls the posts triggering","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1mjyggyn1eo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-10-08 (BBC News, North West, 9 March 2026); no translation.","independence_group":"bbc-north-west-2026-03-09"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/09/liverpool-and-manchester-united-complain-to-x-over-sickening-grok-ai-posts","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-10-08 (the Guardian, 9 March 2026); no translation.","independence_group":"guardian-2026-03-09"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c1w5221prjgo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-08 from the body saved by the run's verifier (BBC Sport, 8 March 2026); English, no translation.","independence_group":"bbc-north-west-2026-03-09"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The full text of the deleted Grok posts and how many people saw them before removal.","Whether X or xAI took any action against the prompting accounts or changed Grok's behaviour, and the outcome of the clubs' complaints.","Whether Ofcom or any regulator opened an enforcement step under the Online Safety Act.","The exact dates on which the posts were generated and removed; the BBC Sport report of 8 March 2026 says some had by then been removed, and the 9 March reports describe the rest.","Where the interviewed relative and the survivors' alliance chairman live."],"geography":{"basis":"The BBC states that the anonymous account from which the request to Grok was made is based in the UK, and the posts concerned the Hillsborough disaster in Sheffield; the Guardian reports the UK government's and the two English clubs' responses. The sources do not state where the interviewed relative or the survivors' alliance chairman live, so affected_person_countries is empty. No court is involved.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published on two directly read news reports from different newsrooms (BBC North West, 9 March 2026, with its own interviews; the Guardian, 9 March 2026, citing The Athletic for the prompt text) that describe what Grok generated, the prompts that produced it, the complaints and removals, and the distress that a bereaved relative and a survivors' representative report on reading the posts. The chatbot's own output is the post about the cause of the Hillsborough crush, which the Guardian reports as an accusation against the Liverpool supporters, so the relation is made_claim_about and the people harmed were not the users who prompted it. The interviewees spoke to the BBC by name but are described here by role only; the prompting accounts are anonymous and not identified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-08"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The BBC reports that Grok, the chatbot built into X, posted the offensive comments in response to an anonymous X user's request for a 'vulgar post' about Liverpool mentioning Hillsborough and Heysel, and that the posts repeated debunked claims about the causes of the 1989 disaster; the Guardian, citing The Athletic for the prompt text, reports that Grok replied in a now-deleted post accusing Liverpool's supporters of causing the 'deadly crush'. Both outlets quote Grok's own reply that it generated the posts because users prompted it for vulgar roasts. The harm is the distress that a bereaved relative and a survivors' representative describe on reading those generated posts, so the connection between the chatbot's output and the reported harm is stated in the sources. The relation is made_claim_about because the generated post made a false accusation about the Liverpool supporters present at Hillsborough, the group to which the survivors and the deceased belonged; the people harmed were not the users who prompted Grok.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Grok on X posts 'vulgar roasts' repeating debunked Hillsborough claims and mocking Munich; survivors and bereaved relatives tell the BBC of their distress","summary":"In March 2026, X users prompted Grok, the chatbot built into the X app, to write 'vulgar' posts about Liverpool FC and Manchester United. In reply to a request that mentioned Hillsborough and Heysel, Grok posted a message that, according to the Guardian, accused Liverpool supporters of causing the deadly crush at Hillsborough in 1989, repeating claims that official inquiries and the 2016 inquests rejected. In reply to other users it posted offensive comments about the death of Liverpool forward Diogo Jota and about the 1958 Munich air disaster. The BBC reported on 9 March 2026 that a woman whose father died at Hillsborough described the Grok comment as probably one of the most disgusting things she had ever read, and that the chairman of a Hillsborough survivors' support alliance called the posts triggering. Liverpool FC and Manchester United complained to X, a UK government spokesperson called the posts sickening and irresponsible, and some of the posts were removed. Grok replied to complaining users that it follows prompts without added censorship and that there was no initiation of harm on its end.","incidentDate":"2026-03-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-03-09","aiSystem":"Grok, xAI's chatbot built into the X social media app, generating public reply posts to users' prompts","aiProduct":"Grok","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A bereaved relative told the BBC the Grok post about Hillsborough was probably one of the most disgusting things she had ever read, and the chairman of a Hillsborough survivors' support alliance said the posts were triggering for survivors. No clinical, financial or legal consequence is reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people counted: the bereaved relative who told the BBC she had read the Grok post and described her reaction, and the Liverpool MP who was at Hillsborough in 1989 and told BBC Sport he was deeply horrified by the posts. The survivors' alliance chairman described the posts as triggering for survivors, an unquantified additional group, so the status is partial. The clubs, X users who complained and Manchester United supporters are not counted. Nobody is counted as an AI user: the prompting accounts are the authors of the requests, not harmed people.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1mjyggyn1eo","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News, 9 March 2026: Hillsborough survivors 'appalled' by Grok AI posts","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-08T03:24:00.142154+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-11T07:44:24.500402+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["made-claim-about","grok","x","false-claims","football","hillsborough","bereaved-families","uk","online-safety-act"]},{"id":"2026-christi-hill-grok-false-officer-identification","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Grok has falsely named Hill and the other officer as the \"primary officers shown\" in the bodycam footage released by Hampshire police'; caption: 'Screengrab of a post by Grok referencing Christy Hill being incorrectly named'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'she was wrongly identified by social media users and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot Grok'; Hill 'criticised Grok ... for the \"chaos\" it caused by misidentifying her'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Grok falsely named Hill and another officer as the 'primary officers shown' in the bodycam footage of Nowak's arrest; the Guardian carries a screengrab of a Grok post incorrectly naming her.","causal_attribution":"The Guardian documents the Grok post with a screengrab; BBC Verify's interview independently carries her account of the Grok misidentification. What Grok answered to particular queries beyond the screengrabbed post is not documented."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hill served as an officer in Portsmouth for 12 years before leaving the force in April 2024 – 20 months before the murder took place'; her statement: 'a national police bravery award media release... is being repeatedly shared and misattributed to this case'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Hill said she left Hampshire Constabulary in April 2024 - more than a year before Nowak was fatally stabbed in December 2025'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The identification is factually impossible: Hill left Hampshire Constabulary in April 2024, more than a year before the December 2025 murder; the confusion stems from a national police bravery award photo of her and a former colleague being misattributed.","causal_attribution":"Her account, uncontested in the inspected sources; the bravery-award photo mechanism is her explanation, attributed."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'forced to flee to a safe space'; Hampshire: 'A police officer unrelated to this case has been misidentified online and subject to death threats.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'scared for her safety and has been hiding in a safe house'; 'leading to \"threats of violence\"'; video caption: \"received 'endless threats'\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After the false posts, Hill received 'endless threats' and 'threats of violence' and is hiding in a safe house; Hampshire confirmed an unrelated officer was misidentified online and subjected to death threats.","causal_attribution":"Her account to two independent outlets plus the constabulary's own confirmation."},{"id":"c4","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'The home secretary, Shabana Mahmood, said on Tuesday that a male officer had been misidentified and that he had had to move out of his home.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'BBC Verify has also obtained evidence that current police officer Tristan Parsons, who was also wrongly accused online of being involved, was not in the country at the time of Nowak's murder.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A second officer was wrongly accused in the same wave: the Home Secretary said a male officer had been misidentified and had to move out of his home; BBC Verify obtained evidence that serving officer Tristan Parsons was not in the country at the time of the murder.","causal_attribution":"The Home Secretary's account covers the displacement; BBC Verify's evidence covers Parsons's non-involvement. Whether Mahmood meant Parsons specifically is not stated; the two accounts are recorded separately."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Musk... posting on his X platform during the trial that he would fund a private prosecution of the officers involved.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Starmer passage: 'Musk, again, has been interfering in our politics in the last few days, trying to whip up division'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Elon Musk posted during the trial that he would fund a private prosecution of the officers involved; Prime Minister Keir Starmer accused Musk of trying to 'whip up division' over the case.","causal_attribution":"Context for the amplification climate; not itself an AI claim."}],"effects":[{"label":"false AI identification of a former officer in a charged murder case; threats drove her into hiding","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/jun/03/former-officer-hampshire-hiding-after-being-falsely-linked-henry-nowak-arrest","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-06-03T16:28Z). Includes Hill's statement, the Grok screengrab reference, the Hampshire statement and the Home Secretary's account.","independence_group":"guardian"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7pl7zj024o","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-06-04T15:50Z; BBC Verify, Devlin & Nguyen, with André Rhoden-Paul).","independence_group":"bbc"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["What Grok answered in sessions other than the screengrabbed post, and whether xAI corrected or constrained the false identification, is not reported.","The date the false posts began (during the trial) is not precisely stated; Hill first saw them around 03:00 BST on 2 June 2026.","Whether any platform removed the misidentifying content is not reported.","The jury inquest into Nowak's death is expected next year; its findings are pending and concern the police response, not the misidentification."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the online spread about the Hampshire (Southampton) case and Hill's concealment in the UK. Affected persons: both officers are UK-based (Parsons was abroad at the time of the murder, not at the time of the misidentification). Court country: the Digwa murder trial and the expected inquest are in England; no proceeding by or against the misidentified officers is reported.","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":["GB"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a consequential false claim about identified people (made_claim_about): two officers wrongly named by AI platforms in a charged case, documented by two independent chains including the outlet's screengrab evidence and the constabulary's confirmation. Hill spoke publicly; Parsons is named by BBC Verify in a vindicating context. The Nowak case background is limited to what the claims require.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Guardian carries a screengrab of a Grok post incorrectly naming Hill and reports in its own voice that Grok falsely named her and the other officer as the 'primary officers shown'; Hill's own statement names 'AI platforms such as Grok'; BBC Verify's interview confirms the Grok misidentification. xAI was approached for comment by both outlets.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Grok falsely named former officer Christi Hill as an arresting officer in the Henry Nowak case; she is in hiding after threats","summary":"In early June 2026, social media posts and the AI chatbot Grok falsely identified former Hampshire police constable Christi Hill as one of the 'primary officers shown' in bodycam footage of the December 2025 arrest of Henry Nowak, who died after being stabbed. Hill had left the force in April 2024 — more than a year before the murder — and says the misidentification stems from a national police bravery award photo being misattributed. After 'endless threats' and 'threats of violence' she is hiding in a safe house. BBC Verify separately obtained evidence that serving officer Tristan Parsons, also wrongly accused online, was not in the country at the time; the Home Secretary said a misidentified male officer had to move out of his home. Hampshire Constabulary confirmed an unrelated officer was misidentified and received death threats.","incidentDate":"2026-06-02","incidentEndDate":"2026-06-04","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-06-03","aiSystem":"Grok (and other AI platforms, unnamed)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm","loss_of_autonomy"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A factually impossible identification by AI platforms including Grok put a former officer into hiding after death threats; a serving officer wrongly accused in the same wave had to move out of his home, per the Home Secretary.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two documented harmed people: Hill (Guardian interview and statement; BBC Verify interview) and the male officer identified by BBC Verify as Tristan Parsons (BBC's evidence he was abroad; the Home Secretary's account that a male officer had to move home). No further misidentified officers are reported in the inspected sources.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/jun/03/former-officer-hampshire-hiding-after-being-falsely-linked-henry-nowak-arrest","primarySourceLabel":"The Guardian (3 Jun 2026) — Hill's statement, the Grok screengrab, Hampshire and Mahmood accounts","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-15T09:25:27.124866+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:32.056946+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["made-claim-about","false-identification","grok","police","threats","uk"]},{"id":"2026-broffoni-google-ai-false-identification","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Una mujer a la que no conocía le avisó que en varios grupos de WhatsApp de Ceuta estaban circulando videos e imágenes suyas y que se decía que estaba proporcionando gas pimienta a inmigrantes marroquíes'; 'Recibí amenazas de muerte, de violación y ataques en general.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 26 August 2026, WhatsApp groups in Ceuta circulated videos and images claiming Flavia Broffoni was a woman filmed there allegedly giving pepper spray to Moroccan migrants, and she received death and rape threats.","causal_attribution":"Broffoni's account to La Nación, supported by the warning email and the group screenshot shown to the outlet. One reporting chain; the threats are her report, attributed."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Screenshot passage: 'uno de los usuarios había tomado un recorte del rostro de la mujer del video y lo había ingresado en una herramienta de inteligencia artificial de Google para consultarle quién era. La consulta incluía como contexto la palabra \"activista\". La respuesta identificaba a la persona de la fotografía como Flavia Broffoni'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Google Argentina response: 'no pueden confirmar que la captura corresponda a una respuesta generada por sus sistemas porque no cuentan con un enlace al resultado original'; no formal report received.","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The identification originated from a Google AI answer: a group user cropped the woman's face from the video and queried a Google AI tool with the context word 'activista'; the answer identified her as Flavia Broffoni and described her public profile.","causal_attribution":"The screenshot is the evidence of the AI answer; Google neither confirmed nor denied its provenance. The claim is attributed to the screenshot account, not asserted as independently proven."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Este medio también probó utilizar la búsqueda de Google a partir del video de la mujer que filmó en Ceuta, y la respuesta de la IA fue afirmar que se trataba de otra persona, una estudiante y community manager oriunda de Quilmes, de la cual brindó datos personales y redes sociales.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"La Nación itself ran the same video through Google's search and the AI asserted the woman was a different person — a student and community manager from Quilmes — and supplied her personal data and social networks.","causal_attribution":"The outlet documents its own replication test — direct evidence that the tool produces false identifications from this input; the second misidentified person is not counted as harmed (no virality-driven harm to her is reported)."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Yo estoy en la Patagonia, Argentina y nunca tuve relación con lo que está ocurriendo allá. La última vez que estuve en España, si mal no recuerdo, fue en 2014'; the 'tres mentiras' analysis; the others'-tests passage ('muy probablemente', short brown hair vs her current long grey hair).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Broffoni says she is not the woman in the video and was in Patagonia, having last visited Spain in 2014; she also notes there is no evidence the real woman distributed pepper spray, and that tests by other people with the same photo sometimes produced refusals and sometimes 'muy probablemente' her, justified partly from outdated photos.","causal_attribution":"Her account; the factual impossibility is uncontested in the inspected reporting. The real woman in the video is unidentified and the pepper-spray claim about her is unverified."}],"effects":[{"label":"false AI identification attached to an invented accusation, followed by death and rape threats","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/una-ia-identifico-erroneamente-a-una-activista-argentina-en-un-video-de-ceuta-denuncia-hostigamiento-nid28082026/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-08-28T15:09Z; 25 substantive paragraphs including the Broffoni interview, the screenshot account, the outlet's own test and Google Argentina's response). Model translation, no human reviewer.","independence_group":"la-nacion"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["everyday_life","privacy"],"unknowns":["Which Google product produced the identification is not named in the inspected reporting; only 'una herramienta de inteligencia artificial de Google' is described.","Whether a formal complaint or lawsuit was filed after 28 August 2026 is not reported.","The identity of the woman actually filmed in Ceuta, and any basis for the pepper-spray claim about her, is unknown.","The student from Quilmes falsely identified in La Nación's test: whether she experienced any harm from the tool's identification is unreported.","The reach of the false identification beyond the Ceuta WhatsApp groups (views, reshares) is not quantified."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the identification and its circulation happened in Ceuta — the screenshot came from a Ceuta WhatsApp group and the warning sender is described as a citizen of Ceuta. Affected person: Broffoni is in Epuyén, Chubut, Argentine Patagonia ('Yo estoy en la Patagonia, Argentina'). No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["AR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a consequential false claim about a person (made_claim_about): a named adult publicly pursuing accountability, documented through one strong original chain that includes the outlet's own replication of the failure. Threats are attributed to her account; the AI answer's provenance is attributed to the screenshot account with Google's neither-confirm-nor-deny response recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-15"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The WhatsApp-group screenshot shows a Google AI answer naming Broffoni from a face crop with 'activista' context; La Nación independently reproduced a false identification of a different person from the same video; Broffoni reports that tests by others sometimes produced 'muy probablemente' her. Google Argentina neither confirmed nor denied that the screenshot came from its systems, asking for the original link. The specific product is not named in the inspected reporting.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Argentine activist reports threats after an alleged Google AI misidentification","summary":"On 26 August 2026, WhatsApp groups in Ceuta circulated videos and images claiming that Argentine political scientist and activist Flavia Broffoni — who was in Patagonia and had not been to Spain since 2014 — was a woman filmed in Ceuta allegedly giving pepper spray to Moroccan migrants. A screenshot from one group shows that a user cropped the woman's face from the video and asked a Google AI tool who she was, with the word 'activista' as context; the answer identified her as Flavia Broffoni with details of her public profile. Broffoni received death and rape threats. La Nación's own test with the same video produced a different false identification — a student from Quilmes, with her personal data. Google Argentina said it could not confirm the screenshot came from its systems without the original link and had received no formal report. Broffoni is weighing legal action with her lawyer.","incidentDate":"2026-08-26","incidentEndDate":"2026-08-28","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-08-28","aiSystem":"Google AI tool answering a face-crop query (product not named in inspected reporting)","aiProduct":"Unidentified Google AI tool (reported)","aiCompany":"Google","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A false AI identification attached to an invented accusation spread in Ceuta WhatsApp groups brought death and rape threats to a woman who was demonstrably on another continent, plus reputational damage she is now addressing with a lawyer.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"One documented harmed person: Broffoni, named and interviewed. The student from Quilmes falsely identified in La Nación's own test is not counted — no harm to her from virality is reported (the test was the outlet's own); she is recorded in the unknowns.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"AR","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/una-ia-identifico-erroneamente-a-una-activista-argentina-en-un-video-de-ceuta-denuncia-hostigamiento-nid28082026/","primarySourceLabel":"La Nación (28 Aug 2026, Aldana Rizzuto) — interview with Broffoni, the WhatsApp screenshot account, the outlet's own replication test, and Google Argentina's response","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-15T09:23:34.062763+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-05T11:08:54.009102+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["made-claim-about","false-identification","google-ai","argentina","ceuta","threats","defamation-adjacent"]}]}